Microthermometry, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the temperature, apparent salinity, and composition of individual fluid inclusions in adularia-sericite Au-Ag epithermal veins from the Karangahake, Martha, Favona, and Waitekauri deposits, southern Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Quartz veins contain colloform to crustiform bands that alternate with coarse-grained quartz and amethyst. The ore mineralization occurs only in colloform to crustiform bands.
\nAnalyses of individual fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS identify Na as the most abundant cation, together with variable concentrations of K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Sb, and As. Rare inclusions have detectable Li, Al, and Ba concentrations, although recorded Al concentrations with values up to 231 ppm in Al-free quartz may reflect an accidentally captured mineral phase rather than fluid itself. The Na content ranges from ~260 to 10,200 ppm for inclusions in quartz and ~9,700 to 13,700 ppm for inclusions in amethyst. Antimony is the second most commonly detected element in both quartz- and amethyst-hosted inclusions; this element is also detected in the host mineral. Concentrations of Sb and As range from 0.3 to 988 ppm and from 3.33 to 418 ppm, respectively, and are most commonly detected in inclusions from the Karangahake and Martha deposits. The poor correlation between the Na content with either Sb or As suggests that Sb and As were transported as neutral hydroxyl complexes of Sb(OH)3 and As(OH)3. Both Au and Ag occur at concentrations that are less than their respective detection limits (ppm).
\nGeochemical modeling of the microthermometric and LA-ICP-MS data obtained from individual fluid inclusions suggests that fluids responsible for the quartz deposition were neutral to alkaline and that adiabatic boiling is the most effective mechanism for both gold and silica precipitation. The presence of single-phase vapor-only fluid inclusions in some mineralized samples indicates that local flashing may have contributed to deposition of Au and Ag.
\nAssuming adiabatic boiling under hydrostatic pressure, samples from the Karangahake deposit (Maria vein) were deposited from low-salinity fluids (<3.9 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 225° and 262°C and at depths of 270 to 575 m below the former water table. The average deep reservoir fluid temperature estimated from the Na/K geothermometer is 287°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranges between 8 and 17%.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Martha deposit trapped dilute fluids with salinity less than 1.7 wt % NaCl equiv. The coexisting liquid-rich (homogenization temperature, Th = 189°–225°C) and vapor-rich inclusions (Th = 205°–243°C) suggest formation at depths of 200 to 400 m below the water table. According to the Na/K geothermometer, the deep reservoir fluid temperature was near 295°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranged between 15 and 23%. Pseudosecondary inclusions in amethyst display salinity around 4.0 wt % NaCl equiv and homogenization temperatures between 218° and 241°C. Secondary inclusions are slightly more dilute (3.2–4.2 wt % NaCl equiv), with homogenization temperatures between 213° and 242°C.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Waitekauri deposit homogenize from 210° to 265°C and contain less than 1.2 wt % NaCl equiv. A thin quartz vein that occurs between the Jubilee and Scotia deposits contains coexisting liquid- and vapor-rich inclusions; their homogenization temperatures indicate a formation depth of 300 m below the former water table. The calculated deep reservoir fluid temperature is around 283°C and the steam loss is estimated to be between 13 and 18%.
\nLA-ICP-MS analyses show that in some cases different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) within a single sample trapped fluids with variable chemistries. These differences likely reflect modification of a single parent fluid through mineral dissolution and precipitation, water/rock interactions, boiling and vapor loss, conductive cooling, and mixing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.P., Strmic Palinkas, S., Mauk, J.L., and Bodnar, R.J., 2015, Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 763-786, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055202","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffabe4b027f0aee3d472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Mark P.","contributorId":140072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strmic Palinkas, Sabina","contributorId":140073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strmic Palinkas","given":"Sabina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodnar, Robert J.","contributorId":61540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148531,"text":"70148531 - 2015 - Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:17:15","indexId":"70148531","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)","docAbstract":"Environmental conditions can exert a strong influence on the growth and energy demands of chicks. We hypothesized that postnatal growth in a cold, aquatic environment would require a high level of energy metabolism in semiprecocial Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) chicks. We measured body-mass growth and daily energy expenditure (DEE) of free-ranging chicks in the Arctic. We used daily gains in body mass and DEE to estimate daily metabolizable energy (DME, kJ day-1) and total metabolizable energy (TME, kJ chick-1). Chicks gained body mass quickly, with a logistic growth rate constant 57% greater than the allometric prediction, yet were at only 60% of adult body mass at fledging. Males grew at a rate similar to that of females but for a slightly longer duration and so reached an asymptotic body mass 23% greater, and tarsus length 8% longer, than that of females. Chick growth performance was similar between first- and second-hatched chicks within broods of 2, which suggests that food availability was not limited. DEE increased in proportion to body mass, and DME peaked at 1,214 kJ day-1 on day 25 posthatching. Over the average 49-day postnatal period, TME was 49.0 MJ, which is within the range of error of the allometric prediction. Parents provided 58.6 MJ as food to meet this energy requirement. Given this chick energy requirement and the range of energy content of prey observed in the chick diet, selecting prey with higher energy content would greatly reduce adult provisioning effort. Red-throated Loon chicks did not have a high postnatal energy requirement, but rather grew quickly and fledged at a small size-with the effect of reducing the length of the postnatal period and, consequently, parental energy investment in chicks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-261.1","usgsCitation":"Rizzolo, D., Schmutz, J.A., and Speakman, J.R., 2015, Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata): The Auk, v. 132, no. 3, p. 657-670, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-261.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"670","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060084","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02cce4b023124e8edf13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speakman, John R.","contributorId":127833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speakman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155256,"text":"70155256 - 2015 - El Niño–Southern Oscillation diversity and Southern Africa teleconnections during Austral Summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T16:46:34.199667","indexId":"70155256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Niño–Southern Oscillation diversity and Southern Africa teleconnections during Austral Summer","docAbstract":"A wide range of sea surface temperature (SST) expressions have been observed during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation events of 1950–2010, which have occurred simultaneously with different global atmospheric circulations. This study examines the atmospheric circulation and precipitation during December–March 1950–2010 over the African Continent south of 15°
Lava output from Kīlauea's long-lived East Rift Zone eruption, ongoing since 1983, began waning in 2010 and was coupled with uplift, increased seismicity, and rising lava levels at the volcano's summit and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent. These changes culminated in the four-day-long Kamoamoa fissure eruption on the East Rift Zone starting on 5 March 2011. About 2.7 × 106 m3 of lava erupted, accompanied by ˜15 cm of summit subsidence, draining of Kīlauea's summit lava lake, a 113 m drop of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō's crater floor, ˜3 m of East Rift Zone widening, and eruptive SO2 emissions averaging 8500 tonnes/day. Lava effusion resumed at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō shortly after the Kamoamoa eruption ended, marking the onset of a new period of East Rift Zone activity. Multiparameter monitoring before and during the Kamoamoa eruption suggests that it was driven by an imbalance between magma supplied to and erupted from Kīlauea's East Rift Zone and that eruptive output is affected by changes in the geometry of the rift zone plumbing system. These results imply that intrusions and eruptive changes during ongoing activity at Kīlauea may be anticipated from the geophysical, geological, and geochemical manifestations of magma supply and magma plumbing system geometry.
Ocean acidification (OA) research seeks to understand how marine ecosystems and global elemental cycles will respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry in combination with other environmental perturbations such as warming, eutrophication, and deoxygenation. Here, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of current research approaches used to address this goal. A diverse combination of approaches is essential to decipher the consequences of OA to marine organisms, communities, and ecosystems. Consequently, the benefits and limitations of each approach must be considered carefully. Major research challenges involve experimentally addressing the effects of OA in the context of large natural variability in seawater carbonate system parameters and other interactive variables, integrating the results from different research approaches, and scaling results across different temporal and spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2015.27","usgsCitation":"Andersson, A.J., Kline, D.I., Edmunds, P., Archer, S.D., Bednarsek, N., Carpenter, R.C., Chadsey, M., Goldstein, P., Grottoli, A.G., Hurst, T.P., King, A.L., Kubler, J.E., Kuffner, I.B., Mackey, K.R., Menge, B.A., Paytan, A., Riebesell, U., Schnetzer, A., Warner, M.E., and Zimmerman, R.C., 2015, Understanding ocean acidification impacts on organismal to ecological scales: Oceanography, v. 28, no. 2, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.27.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061152","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, Peter J","contributorId":141144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Peter J","affiliations":[{"id":12637,"text":"California State University, Desert Studies Center, Baker, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archer, Stephen D","contributorId":141145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":13692,"text":"Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bednarsek, Nina","contributorId":141146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bednarsek","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carpenter, Robert C","contributorId":141147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":12637,"text":"California State University, Desert Studies Center, Baker, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chadsey, Meg","contributorId":141148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadsey","given":"Meg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13270,"text":"Washington Sea Grant, Olympic Peninsula Field Office, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldstein, Philip","contributorId":141149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grottoli, Andrea G.","contributorId":31632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grottoli","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hurst, Thomas P","contributorId":141150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":13694,"text":"NOAA-NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"King, Andrew L.","contributorId":141151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13695,"text":"Norwegian Institute for Water Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kubler, Janet E.","contributorId":141152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubler","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12637,"text":"California State University, Desert Studies Center, Baker, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Mackey, Katherine R M","contributorId":141153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mackey","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R M","affiliations":[{"id":13696,"text":"University of California Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Menge, Bruce A.","contributorId":106027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menge","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Paytan, Adina","contributorId":75242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Riebesell, Ulf","contributorId":141154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riebesell","given":"Ulf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13697,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schnetzer, Astrid","contributorId":141155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnetzer","given":"Astrid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Warner, Mark E","contributorId":141156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warner","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Zimmerman, Richard C","contributorId":141157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":13417,"text":"Old Dominion University, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70143889,"text":"70143889 - 2015 - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Dibenzofuran, Alkyldibenzofurans, and Benzo[b]naphthofurans in crude oils and source rock extracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-24T09:39:05","indexId":"70143889","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Dibenzofuran, Alkyldibenzofurans, and Benzo[b]naphthofurans in crude oils and source rock extracts","docAbstract":"Dibenzofuran (DBF), its alkylated homologues, and benzo[b]naphthofurans (BNFs) are common oxygen-heterocyclic aromatic compounds in crude oils and source rock extracts. A series of positional isomers of alkyldibenzofuran and benzo[b]naphthofuran were identified in mass chromatograms by comparison with internal standards and standard retention indices. The response factors of dibenzofuran in relation to internal standards were obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of a set of mixed solutions with different concentration ratios. Perdeuterated dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene are optimal internal standards for quantitative analyses of furan compounds in crude oils and source rock extracts. The average concentration of the total DBFs in oils derived from siliciclastic lacustrine rock extracts from the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea, was 518 μg/g, which is about 5 times that observed in the oils from carbonate source rocks in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China. The BNFs occur ubiquitously in source rock extracts and related oils of various origins. The results of this work suggest that the relative abundance of benzo[b]naphthofuran isomers, that is, the benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]furan/{benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]furan + benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan} ratio, may be a potential molecular geochemical parameter to indicate oil migration pathways and distances.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ef502558a","usgsCitation":"Li, M., and Ellis, G.S., 2015, Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Dibenzofuran, Alkyldibenzofurans, and Benzo[b]naphthofurans in crude oils and source rock extracts: Energy & Fuels, v. 29, no. 3, p. 1421-1430, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502558a.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1430","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061204","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298880,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef502558a"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55128ab2e4b02e76d75bd61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Meijun","contributorId":139814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Meijun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13281,"text":"China University of Petroleum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148403,"text":"70148403 - 2015 - Testing taxon tenacity of tortoises: evidence for a geographical selection gradient at a secondary contact zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T09:39:24","indexId":"70148403","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing taxon tenacity of tortoises: evidence for a geographical selection gradient at a secondary contact zone","docAbstract":"We examined a secondary contact zone between two species of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii and G. morafkai. The taxa were isolated from a common ancestor during the formation of the Colorado River (4-8 mya) and are a classic example of allopatric speciation. However, an anomalous population of G. agassizii comes into secondary contact with G. morafkai east of the Colorado River in the Black Mountains of Arizona and provides an opportunity to examine reinforcement of species' boundaries under natural conditions. We sampled 234 tortoises representing G. agassizii in California (n = 103), G. morafkai in Arizona (n = 78), and 53 individuals of undetermined assignment in the contact zone including and surrounding the Black Mountains. We genotyped individuals for 25 STR loci and determined maternal lineage using mtDNA sequence data. We performed multilocus genetic clustering analyses and used multiple statistical methods to detect levels of hybridization. We tested hypotheses about habitat use between G. agassizii and G. morafkai in the region where they co-occur using habitat suitability models. Gopherus agassizii and G. morafkai maintain independent taxonomic identities likely due to ecological niche partitioning, and the maintenance of the hybrid zone is best described by a geographical selection gradient model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1500","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Berry, K.H., Inman, R.D., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Jones, C.A., and Culver, M., 2015, Testing taxon tenacity of tortoises: evidence for a geographical selection gradient at a secondary contact zone: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 10, p. 2095-2114, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2095","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059930","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3dfe4b0d9246a9fa800","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1500","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Edwards Taylor, Berry Kristin H., Inman Richard D., Esque Todd C., Nussear Kenneth E., Jones Cristina A., Culver Melanie","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"4/30/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Taylor","contributorId":62337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inman, Richard D. rdinman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":140024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Cristina A.","contributorId":141026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Cristina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13658,"text":"AZ Game and Fish, Phoenix, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70154743,"text":"70154743 - 2015 - Shippingport, Kentucky, is the type locality for the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-29T09:43:40","indexId":"70154743","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shippingport, Kentucky, is the type locality for the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae)","docAbstract":"The white-footed mouse, Musculus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818 (= Peromyscus leucopus), is a common small mammal that is widespread in the eastern and central United States. Its abundance in many habitats renders it ecologically important, and its status as a reservoir for hantavirus and Lyme disease gives the species medical and economic significance. The recognition of two cytotypes and up to 17 morphological subspecies of P. leucopus indicates considerable variation in the species, and to understand this variation, it is important that the nominate subspecies be adequately defined so as to act as a standard for comparison. Relevant to this standard for the white-footed mouse is its type locality, which has generally been accepted to be either the vague \"pine barrens of Kentucky\" or the mouth of the Ohio River. Newly assembled information regarding the life and travels of Constantine S. Rafinesque, the North American naturalist who described P. leucopus, establishes that Rafinesque observed this species in July 1818 while visiting Shippingport, Kentucky, which is now within the city limits of Louisville, Jefferson Co., Kentucky. Shippingport is therefore the actual type locality for this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-128.2.152","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2015, Shippingport, Kentucky, is the type locality for the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 182, no. 2, p. 152-163, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-128.2.152.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065337","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324x-128.2.152","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"182","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55926d1ae4b0b6d21dd67953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70145788,"text":"70145788 - 2015 - Effects of fragmentation on the spatial ecology of the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T10:28:41","indexId":"70145788","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fragmentation on the spatial ecology of the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae)","docAbstract":"We investigated the spatial ecology of the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) in unfragmented and fragmented habitat with varying patch sizes and degrees of exposure to urban edges. We radiotracked 34 Kingsnakes for up to 3 yr across four site types: interior areas of unfragmented ecological reserves, the urbanized edge of these reserves, large habitat fragments, and small habitat fragments. There was no relationship between California Kingsnake movements and the degree of exposure to urban edges and fragmentation. Home range size and movement patterns of Kingsnakes on edges and fragments resembled those in unfragmented sites. Average home-range size on each site type was smaller than the smallest fragment in which snakes were tracked. The persistence of California Kingsnakes in fragmented landscapes may be related directly to their small spatial movement patterns, home-range overlap, and ability to use urban edge habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Athens, OH","doi":"10.1670/13-014","usgsCitation":"Anguiano, M.P., and Diffendorfer, J., 2015, Effects of fragmentation on the spatial ecology of the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae): Journal of Herpetology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 420-427, https://doi.org/10.1670/13-014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"427","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050940","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552ce8b5e4b0b22a157f50ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anguiano, Michael P.","contributorId":140118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anguiano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13386,"text":"AECOM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160014,"text":"70160014 - 2015 - Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T11:39:38","indexId":"70160014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis","docAbstract":"Using various available time series for Lake Michigan, we examined changes in the Lake Michigan food web following the dreissenid mussel invasions and identified those changes most likely attributable to these invasions, thereby providing a synthesis. Expansion of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) population into deeper waters, which began around 2004, appeared to have a substantial predatory effect on both phytoplankton abundance and primary production, with annual primary production in offshore (> 50 m deep) waters being reduced by about 35% by 2007. Primary production likely decreased in nearshore waters as well, primarily due to predatory effects exerted by the quagga mussel expansion. The drastic decline in Diporeia abundance in Lake Michigan during the 1990s and 2000s has been attributed to dreissenid mussel effects, but the exact mechanism by which the mussels were negatively affecting Diporeia abundance remains unknown. In turn, decreased Diporeia abundance was associated with reduced condition, growth, and/or energy density in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), and bloater (Coregonus hoyi). However, lake-wide biomass of salmonines, top predators in the food web, remained high during the 2000s, and consumption of alewives by salmonines actually increased between the 1980–1995 and 1996–2011 time periods. Moreover, abundance of the lake whitefish population, which supports Lake Michigan's most valuable commercial fishery, remained at historically high levels during the 2000s. Apparently, counterbalancing mechanisms operating within the complex Lake Michigan food web have enabled salmonines and lake whitefish to retain relatively high abundances despite reduced primary production.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.08.009","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Bunnell, D., Warner, D.M., Pothoven, S.A., Fahnenstiel, G.L., Nalepa, T., Vanderploeg, H., Tsehaye, I., Claramunt, R., and Clark, R.D., 2015, Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 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L.","contributorId":32491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahnenstiel","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanderploeg, Henry A.","contributorId":85929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderploeg","given":"Henry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tsehaye, Iyob","contributorId":106801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsehaye","given":"Iyob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, Richard D","contributorId":150412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70156390,"text":"70156390 - 2015 - Health condition of juvenile Chelonia mydas related to fibropapillomatosis in southeast Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T15:43:08","indexId":"70156390","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health condition of juvenile Chelonia mydas related to fibropapillomatosis in southeast Brazil","docAbstract":"Packed cell volume (PCV), plasma biochemistry, visual body condition (BC), and calculated body condition index (BCI) were evaluated in 170 wild juvenile green sea turtles Chelonia mydas from an aggregation in the effluent canal of a steel mill in Brazil. Occurrence of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis (FP) was observed in 44.1% of the animals examined. BCI alone did not differ significantly between healthy animals and those afflicted with FP. However, all turtles with low BCI were severely afflicted and were uremic, hypoglycemic, and anemic in relation to healthy animals. Severe FP was not always reflected by a poor health condition of the individual. Clinical evaluation and plasma biochemistry indicated that most animals afflicted with FP were in good health condition. Differences in FP manifestations and associated health conditions in different geographic regions must be assessed by long-term health monitoring programs to help define priorities for conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/dao02883","usgsCitation":"Renan de Deus Santos, M., Silva Martins, A., Baptistotte, C., and Work, T.M., 2015, Health condition of juvenile Chelonia mydas related to fibropapillomatosis in southeast Brazil: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 115, p. 193-201, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02883.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063372","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02883","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb5e4b0518e3546f006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renan de Deus Santos, Marcello","contributorId":146803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renan de Deus Santos","given":"Marcello","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16748,"text":"Instituto de Ensino Pesquisa e Preservação Ambiental Marcos Daniel. R. Fortunato Ramos, 123. Santa Lucia, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. 29055-290","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva Martins, Agnaldo","contributorId":146804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva Martins","given":"Agnaldo","affiliations":[{"id":16749,"text":"Laboratório de Nectologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo – UFES, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baptistotte, Cecilia","contributorId":146805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baptistotte","given":"Cecilia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16750,"text":"Escritório Regional do Espírito Santo, Av. Nossa Senhora dos Navagantes, 700. Enseada do Suá, Vitória, ES, Brasil.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156419,"text":"70156419 - 2015 - Using ground and intact coal Samples to evaluate hydrocarbon fate during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds: effects of particle size and coal moisture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T09:33:50","indexId":"70156419","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using ground and intact coal Samples to evaluate hydrocarbon fate during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds: effects of particle size and coal moisture","docAbstract":"To investigate the potential for mobilizing organic compounds from coal beds during geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage (sequestration), a series of solvent extractions using dichloromethane (DCM) and using supercritical CO2 (40 °C and 10 MPa) were conducted on a set of coal samples collected from Louisiana and Ohio. The coal samples studied range in rank from lignite A to high volatile A bituminous, and were characterized using proximate, ultimate, organic petrography, and sorption isotherm analyses. Sorption isotherm analyses of gaseous CO2 and methane show a general increase in gas storage capacity with coal rank, consistent with findings from previous studies. In the solvent extractions, both dry, ground coal samples and moist, intact core plug samples were used to evaluate effects of variations in particle size and moisture content. Samples were spiked with perdeuterated surrogate compounds prior to extraction, and extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The DCM extracts generally contained the highest concentrations of organic compounds, indicating the existence of additional hydrocarbons within the coal matrix that were not mobilized during supercritical CO2 extractions. Concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds measured in supercritical CO2 extracts of core plug samples generally are lower than concentrations in corresponding extracts of dry, ground coal samples, due to differences in particle size and moisture content. Changes in the amount of extracted compounds and in surrogate recovery measured during consecutive supercritical CO2extractions of core plug samples appear to reflect the transition from a water-wet to a CO2-wet system. Changes in coal core plug mass during supercritical CO2 extraction range from 3.4% to 14%, indicating that a substantial portion of coal moisture is retained in the low-rank coal samples. Moisture retention within core plug samples, especially in low-rank coals, appears to inhibit accessibility of supercritical CO2 to coal matrix porosity, limiting the extent to which hydrocarbons are mobilized. Conversely, the enhanced recovery of some surrogates from core plugs relative to dry, ground coal samples might indicate that, once mobilized, supercritical CO2 is capable of transporting these constituents through coal beds. These results underscore the need for using intact coal samples, and for better characterization of forms of water in coal, to understand fate and transport of organic compounds during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ef502611d","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J., Hackley, P.C., Ruppert, L.F., Warwick, P.D., and Burruss, R., 2015, Using ground and intact coal Samples to evaluate hydrocarbon fate during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds: effects of particle size and coal moisture: Energy & Fuels, v. 29, no. 8, p. 5187-5203, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"5187","endPage":"5203","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060091","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7efa1e4b0bc0bec09f273","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/ef502611d","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Kolak Jonathan J., Hackley Paul C., Ruppert Leslie F., Warwick Peter D., Burruss Robert C.","journalName":"Energy & Fuels","publicationDate":"8/20/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, Jon jkolak@usgs.gov","contributorId":677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jon","email":"jkolak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":146833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70145467,"text":"70145467 - 2015 - Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:24:43","indexId":"70145467","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Large N2O emissions were observed from intertidal sediments in a coastal estuary, West Falmouth Harbor, MA, USA. Average N2O emission rates from 41 chambers during summer 2008 were 10.7 mol N2O m(-2) h(-1)±4.43 μmol N2O m(-2) h(-1) (standard error). Emissions were highest from sediments within a known wastewater plume, where a maximum N2O emission rate was 155 μmol N2O m(-2) h(-1). Intertidal N2O fluxes were positively related to porewater ammonium concentrations at 10 and 25 cm depths. In groundwater from 7 shoreline wells, dissolved N2O ranged from 488% of saturation (56 nM N2O) to more than 13000% of saturation (1529 nM N2O) and was positively related to nitrate concentrations. Fresh and brackish porewater underlying 14 chambers was also supersaturated in N2O, ranging from 2980% to 13175% of saturation. These observations support a relationship between anthropogenic nutrient loading and N2O emissions in West Falmouth Harbor, with both groundwater sources and also local N2O production within nutrient-rich, intertidal sediments in the groundwater seepage face. N2O emissions from intertidal \"hotspot\" in this harbor, together with estimated surface water emissions, constituted 2.4% of the average overall rate of nitrogen export from the watershed to the estuary. This suggests that N2O emissions factors from coastal ecosystems may be underestimated. Since anthropogenic nutrient loading affects estuaries worldwide, quantification of N2O dynamics is warranted in other anthropogenically-impacted coastal ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.027","usgsCitation":"Moseman-Valtierra, S., Kroeger, K.D., Crusius, J., Baldwin, S., Mann, A.G., Brooks, T.W., and Pugh, E., 2015, Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts: Chemosphere, v. 119, p. 1281-1288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1288","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060223","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/bio_facpubs/496","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"West Falmouth Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.66062927246094,\n 41.56562822121977\n ],\n [\n -70.66062927246094,\n 41.625195224114876\n ],\n [\n -70.60295104980469,\n 41.625195224114876\n ],\n [\n -70.60295104980469,\n 41.56562822121977\n ],\n [\n -70.66062927246094,\n 41.56562822121977\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffb3e4b027f0aee3d48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moseman-Valtierra, Serena","contributorId":140087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moseman-Valtierra","given":"Serena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Sandy sbaldwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Sandy","email":"sbaldwin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mann, Adrian G. 0000-0003-1689-8524 adriangreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-8524","contributorId":4328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Adrian","email":"adriangreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Thomas W. 0000-0002-0555-3398 wallybrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-3398","contributorId":5989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Thomas","email":"wallybrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pugh, E.","contributorId":140094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147981,"text":"70147981 - 2015 - A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T09:17:24","indexId":"70147981","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations","docAbstract":"Genotypes are frequently used to assess alternative reproductive strategies such as extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in wild populations. However, such analyses are vulnerable to genotyping error or molecular artifacts that can bias results. For example, when using multilocus microsatellite data, a mismatch at a single locus, suggesting the offspring was not directly related to its putative parents, can occur quite commonly even when the offspring is truly related. Some recent studies have advocated an ad-hoc rule that offspring must differ at more than one locus in order to conclude that they are not directly related. While this reduces the frequency with which true offspring are identified as not directly related young, it also introduces bias in the opposite direction, wherein not directly related young are categorized as true offspring. More importantly, it ignores the additional information on allele frequencies which would reduce overall bias. In this study, we present a novel technique for assessing extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism using a likelihood-based approach in a new version of program cervus. We test the suitability of the technique by applying it to a simulated data set and then present an example to demonstrate its influence on the estimation of alternative reproductive strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/1755-0998.12287","usgsCitation":"Lemons, P.R., Marshall, T., McCloskey, S., Sethi, S., Schmutz, J.A., and Sedinger, J.S., 2015, A likelihood-based approach for assessment of extra-pair paternity and conspecific brood parasitism in natural populations: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 15, no. 1, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12287.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057153","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2ace4b0a92fa7e93bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":11014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, T.C.","contributorId":140668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCloskey, Sarah E. smccloskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Sarah E.","email":"smccloskey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sethi, S.A.","contributorId":140669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sethi","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70140415,"text":"70140415 - 2015 - Vegetation changes associated with a population irruption by Roosevelt elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:17:17","indexId":"70140415","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation changes associated with a population irruption by Roosevelt elk","docAbstract":"Interactions between large herbivores and their food supply are central to the study of population dynamics. We assessed temporal and spatial patterns in meadow plant biomass over a 23-year period for meadow complexes that were spatially linked to three distinct populations of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in northwestern California. Our objectives were to determine whether the plant community exhibited a tolerant or resistant response when elk population growth became irruptive. Plant biomass for the three meadow complexes inhabited by the elk populations was measured using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which was derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery. Elk populations exhibited different patterns of growth through the time series, whereby one population underwent a complete four-stage irruptive growth pattern while the other two did not. Temporal changes in NDVI for the meadow complex used by the irruptive population suggested a decline in forage biomass during the end of the dry season and a temporal decline in spatial variation of NDVI at the peak of plant biomass in May. Conversely, no such patterns were detected in the meadow complexes inhabited by the nonirruptive populations. Our findings suggest that the meadow complex used by the irruptive elk population may have undergone changes in plant community composition favoring plants that were resistant to elk grazing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1327","collaboration":"NPS","usgsCitation":"Starns, H., Weckerly, F.W., Ricca, M.A., and Duarte, A., 2015, Vegetation changes associated with a population irruption by Roosevelt elk: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 1, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1327.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060940","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472380,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1327/abstract"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac9e4b08de9379b3207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starns, H D","contributorId":139104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starns","given":"H D","affiliations":[{"id":6677,"text":"Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd W.","contributorId":10298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":28492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147090,"text":"70147090 - 2015 - Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:19:10","indexId":"70147090","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown","docAbstract":"We derive time-dependent, renewal-model earthquake probabilities for the case in which the date of the last event is completely unknown, and compare these with the time-independent Poisson probabilities that are customarily used as an approximation in this situation. For typical parameter values, the renewal-model probabilities exceed Poisson results by more than 10% when the forecast duration exceeds ~20% of the mean recurrence interval. We also derive probabilities for the case in which the last event is further constrained to have occurred before historical record keeping began (the historic open interval), which can only serve to increase earthquake probabilities for typically applied renewal models.We conclude that accounting for the historic open interval can improve long-term earthquake rupture forecasts for California and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140096","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and Jordan, T.H., 2015, Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, p. 459-463, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140096.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060587","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2de4b0a658d79392b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Thomas H.","contributorId":75055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147095,"text":"70147095 - 2015 - Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:09:46","indexId":"70147095","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators","docAbstract":"A methodology is presented for computing elastic‐rebound‐based probabilities in an unsegmented fault or fault system, which involves computing along‐fault averages of renewal‐model parameters. The approach is less biased and more self‐consistent than a logical extension of that applied most recently for multisegment ruptures in California. It also enables the application of magnitude‐dependent aperiodicity values, which the previous approach does not. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze long‐term system behavior, which is generally found to be consistent with that of physics‐based earthquake simulators. Results cast doubt that recurrence‐interval distributions at points on faults look anything like traditionally applied renewal models, a fact that should be considered when interpreting paleoseismic data. We avoid such assumptions by changing the \"probability of what\" question (from offset at a point to the occurrence of a rupture, assuming it is the next event to occur). The new methodology is simple, although not perfect in terms of recovering long‐term rates in Monte Carlo simulations. It represents a reasonable, improved way to represent first‐order elastic‐rebound predictability, assuming it is there in the first place, and for a system that clearly exhibits other unmodeled complexities, such as aftershock triggering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140094","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2015, Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, p. 544-559, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140094.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"544","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061683","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2ae4b0a658d79392a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047657,"text":"70047657 - 2015 - Efficacy of two approaches for disinfecting surfaces and water infested with quagga mussel veligers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T16:44:15","indexId":"70047657","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Efficacy of two approaches for disinfecting surfaces and water infested with quagga mussel veligers","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Management of Invasive Quagga and Zebra Mussels in the Western United States","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b18447-38","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., Barenburg, A., Stockton, K.A., and Watten, B.J., 2015, Efficacy of two approaches for disinfecting surfaces and water infested with quagga mussel veligers, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/b18447-38.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"477","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717c3e4b0e2669b313109","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wong, Wai Hing","contributorId":96977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Wai Hing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerstenberger, Shawn L.","contributorId":149858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerstenberger","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579822,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M","contributorId":116397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barenburg, Amber","contributorId":149857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barenburg","given":"Amber","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockton, Kelly A.","contributorId":58009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147096,"text":"70147096 - 2015 - “All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:02:13","indexId":"70147096","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"“All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”","docAbstract":"Building a new model, especially one used for policy purposes, takes considerable time, effort, and resources. In justifying such expenditures, one inevitably spends a lot of time denigrating previous models. For example, in pitching the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) (http://www.WGCEP.org/UCERF3), criticisms of the previous model included fault‐segmentation assumptions and the lack of multifault ruptures. In the context of including spatiotemporal clustering for operational earthquake forecasting (e.g., Jordan et al., 2011), another criticism has been that previous candidate models not only ignore elastic rebound but also produce results that are antithetical to that theory. For instance, the short‐term earthquake probabilities model (Gerstenberger et al., 2005), which provided California aftershock hazard maps at the U.S. Geological Survey web site between 2005 and 2010, implies that the time of highest likelihood for any rupture will be the moment after it occurs, even for a big one on the San Andreas fault. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations imply that excluding elastic rebound in such models also produces unrealistic triggering statistics (Field, 2012).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/02201401213","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2015, “All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 291-293, https://doi.org/10.1785/02201401213.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061973","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2ee4b0a658d79392b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142587,"text":"70142587 - 2015 - Limnogeology, news in brief","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T08:50:51","indexId":"70142587","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnogeology, news in brief","docAbstract":"We've invited Michael R. Rosen, water quality specialist within the USGS Water Science Field Team in Carson City and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, professor of geology at Ohio University, to take a look at the intriguing new developments that are emerging in limnogeologic studies. These studies are increasing our understanding of how climate and movements of the Earth's surface influence terrestrial environments, as well as how contaminants are distributed and retained in the environment. They present a selection of recent significant research on sediments, rock, and biota that have been preserved in modern and ancient lake basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0","collaboration":"Ohio University","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, 2015, Limnogeology, news in brief: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 73, no. 2, p. 913-917, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057983","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec434e4b02419550debd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","contributorId":139593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70142548,"text":"70142548 - 2015 - Entrainment of bed material by Earth-surface mass flows: review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T08:52:46","indexId":"70142548","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entrainment of bed material by Earth-surface mass flows: review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory","docAbstract":"Earth-surface mass flows such as debris flows, rock avalanches, and dam-break floods can grow greatly in size and destructive potential by entraining bed material they encounter. Increasing use of depth-integrated mass- and momentum-conservation equations to model these erosive flows motivates a review of the underlying theory. Our review indicates that many existing models apply depth-integrated conservation principles incorrectly, leading to spurious inferences about the role of mass and momentum exchanges at flow-bed boundaries. Model discrepancies can be rectified by analyzing conservation of mass and momentum in a two-layer system consisting of a moving upper layer and static lower layer. Our analysis shows that erosion or deposition rates at the interface between layers must in general satisfy three jump conditions. These conditions impose constraints on valid erosion formulas, and they help determine the correct forms of depth-integrated conservation equations. Two of the three jump conditions are closely analogous to Rankine-Hugoniot conditions that describe the behavior of shocks in compressible gasses, and the third jump condition describes shear traction discontinuities that necessarily exist across eroding boundaries. Grain-fluid mixtures commonly behave as compressible materials as they undergo entrainment, because changes in bulk density occur as the mixtures mobilize and merge with an overriding flow. If no bulk density change occurs, then only the shear-traction jump condition applies. Even for this special case, however, accurate formulation of depth-integrated momentum equations requires a clear distinction between boundary shear tractions that exist in the presence or absence of bed erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2013RG000447","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Ouyang, C., 2015, Entrainment of bed material by Earth-surface mass flows: review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 53, p. 1-32, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013RG000447.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050193","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013rg000447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec431e4b02419550debbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ouyang, Chaojun","contributorId":139592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ouyang","given":"Chaojun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12806,"text":"Institute for Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chengdu, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148096,"text":"70148096 - 2015 - Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T08:51:59","indexId":"70148096","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct","docAbstract":"Sage-grouse are iconic, declining inhabitants of sagebrush habitats in western North America, and their management depends on an understanding of genetic variation across the landscape. Two distinct species of sage-grouse have been recognized, Greater (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison sage-grouse (C. minimus), based on morphology, behavior, and variation at neutral genetic markers. A parapatric group of Greater Sage-Grouse along the border of California and Nevada (\"Bi-State\") is also genetically distinct at the same neutral genetic markers, yet not different in behavior or morphology. Because delineating taxonomic boundaries and defining conservation units is often difficult in recently diverged taxa and can be further complicated by highly skewed mating systems, we took advantage of new genomic methods that improve our ability to characterize genetic variation at a much finer resolution. We identified thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Gunnison, Greater, and Bi-State sage-grouse and used them to comprehensively examine levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among these groups. The pairwise multilocus fixation index (FST) was high (0.49) between Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse, and both principal coordinates analysis and model-based clustering grouped samples unequivocally by species. Standing genetic variation was lower within the Gunnison Sage-Grouse. The Bi-State population was also significantly differentiated from Greater Sage-Grouse, albeit more weakly (FST = 0.09), and genetic clustering results were consistent with reduced gene flow with Greater Sage-Grouse. No comparable genetic divisions were found within the Greater Sage-Grouse sample, which spanned the southern half of the range. Thus, we provide much stronger genetic evidence supporting the recognition of Gunnison Sage-Grouse as a distinct species with low genetic diversity. Further, our work confirms that the Bi-State population is differentiated from other Greater Sage-Grouse. The level of differentiation is much less than the divergence between Greater and Gunnison sage-grouse, supporting the idea that the Bi-State represents a unique population within the Greater Sage-Grouse. New genomic methods like the restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD-tag) method used here illustrate how increasing the number of markers and coverage of the genome can better characterize patterns of genetic variation, particularly among recently diverged taxa, providing vital information for conservation and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-174.1","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Cornman, R.S., Jones, K., and Fike, J.A., 2015, Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct: The Condor, v. 117, no. 2, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-174.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060920","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-174.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01c3e4b0a92fa7eb96a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kenneth L.","contributorId":72112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823 fikej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":140875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156068,"text":"70156068 - 2015 - Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T09:57:00","indexId":"70156068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T09:52:06","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009","docAbstract":"The case study presented here reviews the uranium resource estimates and summarizes the property situation of the Coles Hill uranium Deposit. Uranium resources at Coles Hill are then classified according to UNFC-2009.
The Coles Hill Deposit is located in Pittsylvania County, southern Virginia, United States (Figure 14). Coles Hill was discovered by the Marline Corporation who identified an outcropping surface radiometric anomaly in 1979. The deposit was delineated by Marline and UMETCO (a subsidiary of the Union Carbide Corporation) from 1979 to 1984. In all, 182 rotary holes (38,037 metres (124,799 feet) of drilling) and 74 core holes (19,836 m (65,082 feet) of drilling) were completed and two distinct deposits, the North and South Coles Hill Deposits were defined [66]. Marline let its option to develop the property lapse in response to low uranium prices and a moratorium on uranium mining in Virginia that was passed in 1982. In 2006, a corporation formed by the majority property owner, Virginia Uranium LLC, consolidated 2,296 acres (929 hectares (ha)) in surface rights and 2,940 acres (1,190 ha) in mineral rights, which cover most of the north and south deposits. In 2008, Virginia Uranium drilled 3 core holes and 7 rotary holes. Geophysical surveys were completed for 5 historic holes to confirm earlier results. The Marline core was donated to, and is curated by, the Virginia Natural History Museum; the Marline core is stored on site along with the core drilled in 2008 by Virginia Uranium. The property is accessible from secondary paved roads and the infrastructure, including access to power and water and proximity to local support services, is excellent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Application of UNFC to Nuclear Fuel Resources - Selected Case Studies","language":"English","publisher":"UNECE","usgsCitation":"Hall, S.M., 2015, Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009, chap. of Application of UNFC to Nuclear Fuel Resources - Selected Case Studies, p. 38-43.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-066676","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.unece.org/index.php?id=47609"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf67cf6e4b045bfcae2d002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Susan M. 0000-0002-0931-8694 susanhall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-8694","contributorId":2481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Susan","email":"susanhall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199014,"text":"70199014 - 2015 - A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:34:26","indexId":"70199014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T09:40:36","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"The late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley illustrates the dynamic nature of the North American–Pacific plate boundary and its effect on basin and landscape development. Prior to early Miocene time, the area that became Santa Clara Valley consisted of eroding Franciscan complex basement structurally interleaved in places with Coast Range ophiolite and Mesozoic Great Valley sequence, and locally overlapped by Paleogene strata. During early to middle Miocene time, this landscape was flooded by the sea and was deformed locally into deeper depressions such as the Cupertino Basin in the southwestern part of the valley. Marine deposition during the middle and late Miocene laid down thin deposits in shallow water and thick deeper-water deposits in the Cupertino Basin. During this sedimentation, the San Andreas fault system encroached into the valley, with most offset partitioned onto the San Andreas fault southwest of the valley and the southern Calaveras–Silver Creek–Hayward fault system in the northeastern part of the valley. A 6-km-wide right step between the Hayward and Silver Creek faults formed the 40-km-long Evergreen pull-apart basin along the northeastern margin of the valley, leaving a basement ridge between it and the Cupertino Basin. The Silver Creek fault was largely abandoned ca. 2.5 Ma in favor of a compressional left step between the Calaveras and Hayward fault, although some slip continued to at least mid-Quaternary time. Gravity, seismic, stratigraphic, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data indicate no other major San Andreas system faults within the central block between the present-day range-front faults bounding the valley and the Silver Creek fault. Sometime between 9 and 4 Ma (9 and 1 Ma for the central block), the area rose above sea level, and a regional surface of erosion was carved into the Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks. Alluvial gravels were deposited on this surface along the margins of the valley beginning ca. 4 Ma, but they may not have prograded onto the central block until ca. 1 Ma, because no older equivalents of the Pliocene–Quaternary Santa Clara gravels have been found there. Thus, either the central block was high enough relative to the surrounding areas that Santa Clara gravels were never deposited on it, or any Santa Clara gravels deposited there were stripped away before ca. 1 Ma. Analysis of alluvium on the central block implies a remarkably uniform, piston-like, subsidence of the valley of ∼0.4 mm/yr since ca. 0.8 Ma, possibly extending north to northern San Francisco Bay. Today, the central block continues to subside, the range-front reverse faults are active, and the major active faults of the San Andreas system are mostly outside the valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01093.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R.C., Wentworth, C.M., Graymer, R.W., Stanley, R.G., McLaughlin, R.J., Simpson, R.W., Williams, R.A., Andersen, D.W., and Ponce, D.A., 2015, A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 1, p. 50-62, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01093.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01093.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara 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0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 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