The nearly complete small subunit 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence amplified by polymerase chain reaction was determined for Flavobacterium psychrophilum (formerly Flexibacter psychrophilus) by using automated nucleotide sequencing. The sequence was found to be 1,465 base pairs (bp) in length, a size consistent with previously determined sequences for 14 other bacterial species from various taxa, including the yellow-pigmented bacteria. Sequence signatures confirmed that this organism was a member of the bacterial division Bacteroides–Flavobacterium. Parsimonious and additive phylogenetic trees were constructed with homology, and pairwise evolutionary distances were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Data show that F. psychrophilum, F. columnare, and Flexibacter maritimus are closely related, have a common descent, and represent a distinct group within the division Bacteroides–Flavobacterium. This group also included other organisms from the genera Flavobacterium and Cytophaga. Further, Flavobacterium aquatile, the type species for the genus Flavobacterium, was also determined to be a member of this “Flavobacterium–Cytophaga–Flexibacter subcomplex.” This supports previous assertions that the type strain of Flavobacterium should be changed to a more representative species such as Flavobacterium breve.
Since 1980, liver neoplasms in brown bullhead and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment have been researched in a series of studies on the Black River in Lorain, Ohio. In the early 1980s the liver cancer prevalence in fish of age 3 and older was high, ranging from 22% to 39% of the adult population. These high cancer rates corresponded to high levels of PAHs in the sediment resulting from long-term releases by an upstream coking facility (USX). In 1983 this coking plant was closed, and by 1987 the PAH in sediment had declined by about two orders of magnitude. Coincidentally the tumor prevalence in 1987 was only about one-fourth of that in the early 1980s. In 1990, the most contaminated sediments were dredged. Neoplasm surveys in 1992 and 1993 found liver tumor frequencies in mature bullhead were as high as or higher than in the early 1980s. However liver tumor incidence declined in 1994, especially among age 3 fish, where neoplasm incidence was zero. These age 3 fish were the first group sampled that were not present during the 1990 dredging. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that the increase in tumor prevalence in 1992 and 1993 was caused by exposure to buried PAH-contaminated sediments released by the dredging. This research points out the insight provided by long term effects studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1023/A:1005967631275","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., and Harshbarger, J., 1998, Long term trends liver neoplasm epizootics of brown bullhead in the Black River, Ohio: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 53, no. 1, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005967631275.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Lorain","otherGeospatial":"Black River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.18553260555592,\n 41.47302178540534\n ],\n [\n -82.18197215407048,\n 41.470283793059\n ],\n [\n -82.17494494719179,\n 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C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harshbarger, J.C.","contributorId":18303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshbarger","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007916,"text":"1007916 - 1998 - Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-03T00:09:58.393476","indexId":"1007916","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California","docAbstract":"Twenty-four ill or dead desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) were received between March 1992 and July 1995 for necropsies from the Mojave and Colorado deserts of California (USA). Diseases observed in these animals included cutaneous dyskeratosis (n = 7); shell necrosis (n = 2); respiratory diseases (n = 7); urolithiasis (n = 3); and trauma (n = 5). In tortoises with cutaneous dyskeratosis the horn layer of shell was disrupted by multiple crevices and fissures and, in the most severe lesions, dermal bone showed osteoclastic resorption, remodeling, and osteopenia. In tortoises with shell necrosis, multiple foci of necrotic cell debris and heterophilic inflammation within the epidermal horn layer were subtended by necrotic dermal bone colonized by bacteria and fungi. Of the seven tortoises with respiratory disease, five were diagnosed with mycoplasmosis. The diagnosis of mycoplasmosis was based on the presence of chronic proliferative rhinitis and positive serologic tests and/or isolation of Mycoplasma sp. Chronic fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in one tortoise with respiratory disease. In the three tortoises with urolithiasis, two were discovered dead, and the live tortoise had renal and articular gout. Traumatic injuries consisted of one tortoise entombed within its burrow, one tortoise burned in a brush fire, two tortoises struck by moving vehicles, and one tortoise attacked by a predator. While the primary cause of illness could be attributed to one or two major disease processes, lesions were often found in multiple organ systems, and a variety of etiologies were responsible for morbidity and mortality.
We used the Mahalanobis distance statistic and a raster geographic information system (GIS) to model potential black bear (Ursus americanus) denning habitat in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. The Mahalanobis distance statistic was used to represent the standard squared distance between sample variates in the GIS database (forest cover type, elevation, slope, aspect, distance to streams, distance to roads, and forest cover richness) and variates at known bear dens. Two models were developed: a generalized model for all den locations and another specific to dens in rock cavities. Differences between habitat at den sites and habitat across the study area were represented in 2 new GIS themes as Mahalanobis distance values. Cells similar to the mean vector derived from the known dens had low Mahalanobis distance values, and dissimilar cells had high values. The reliability of the predictive model was tested by overlaying den locations collected subsequent to original model development on the resultant den habitat themes. Although the generalized model demonstrated poor reliability, the model specific to rock dens had good reliability. Bears were more likely to choose rock den locations with low Mahalanobis distance values and less likely to choose those with high values. The model can be used to plan the timing and extent of management actions (e.g., road building, prescribed fire, timber harvest) most appropriate for those sites with high or low denning potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., Hayes, S., and Pledger, J., 1998, A female black bear denning habitat model using a geographic information system: Ursus, v. 10, p. 181-185.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Dry Creek Wilderness Area, Ouachita Mountain region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8067626953125,\n 35.092945313732635\n ],\n [\n -93.74633789062499,\n 35.088450570365396\n ],\n [\n -93.680419921875,\n 35.088450570365396\n ],\n [\n -93.61175537109375,\n 35.088450570365396\n ],\n [\n -93.49227905273438,\n 35.099686964274724\n ],\n [\n -93.48129272460936,\n 35.080584173400815\n ],\n [\n -93.4771728515625,\n 35.023248960913385\n ],\n [\n -93.48129272460936,\n 34.93885938523973\n ],\n [\n -93.52935791015625,\n 34.918592949176926\n ],\n [\n -93.61175537109375,\n 34.88367790965999\n ],\n [\n -93.76144409179688,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -93.84246826171875,\n 34.81154831029378\n ],\n [\n -93.9276123046875,\n 34.78899484825181\n ],\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 34.785611296793306\n ],\n [\n -94.26544189453125,\n 34.8025276659169\n ],\n [\n -94.28741455078125,\n 34.83522280367885\n ],\n [\n -94.31350708007812,\n 34.88818391007525\n ],\n [\n -94.31076049804688,\n 34.942236637841184\n ],\n [\n -94.31076049804688,\n 34.98275281869196\n ],\n [\n -94.295654296875,\n 35.02662273458687\n ],\n [\n -94.22836303710938,\n 35.064849103829204\n ],\n [\n -94.12399291992188,\n 35.08957427943165\n ],\n [\n -93.99627685546874,\n 35.1041810882765\n ],\n [\n -93.91937255859375,\n 35.113168592954004\n ],\n [\n -93.8067626953125,\n 35.092945313732635\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, S.G.","contributorId":97043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pledger, J.M.","contributorId":59393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pledger","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194823,"text":"70194823 - 1998 - Classifying coastal resources by integrating optical and radar imagery and color infrared photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T14:45:22","indexId":"70194823","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2657,"text":"Mangroves and Salt Marshes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classifying coastal resources by integrating optical and radar imagery and color infrared photography","docAbstract":"A progressive classification of a marsh and forest system using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), color infrared (CIR) photograph, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data improved classification accuracy when compared to classification using solely TM reflective band data. The classification resulted in a detailed identification of differences within a nearly monotypic black needlerush marsh. Accuracy percentages of these classes were surprisingly high given the complexities of classification. The detailed classification resulted in a more accurate portrayal of the marsh transgressive sequence than was obtainable with TM data alone. Individual sensor contribution to the improved classification was compared to that using only the six reflective TM bands. Individually, the green reflective CIR and SAR data identified broad categories of water, marsh, and forest. In combination with TM, SAR and the green CIR band each improved overall accuracy by about 3% and 15% respectively. The SAR data improved the TM classification accuracy mostly in the marsh classes. The green CIR data also improved the marsh classification accuracy and accuracies in some water classes. The final combination of all sensor data improved almost all class accuracies from 2% to 70% with an overall improvement of about 20% over TM data alone. Not only was the identification of vegetation types improved, but the spatial detail of the classification approached 10 m in some areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1009911224982","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., Nelson, G.A., and Sapkota, S., 1998, Classifying coastal resources by integrating optical and radar imagery and color infrared photography: Mangroves and Salt Marshes, v. 2, no. 2, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009911224982.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612734e4b06e28e9c25cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":2883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Gene A.","contributorId":201461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194347,"text":"70194347 - 1998 - Wetland connectivity and waterbird conservation in the western Great Basin of the United States: Introduction to workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-26T19:15:02","indexId":"70194347","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3704,"text":"Wader Study Group Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland connectivity and waterbird conservation in the western Great Basin of the United States: Introduction to workshop","docAbstract":"As scientists, managers and landowners, we have come to realize that to best understand the local and regional value of individual wetlands, we need to take a broad geographic, taxonomic, and management view. In December 1994, a symposium was held in Reno, Nevada that addressed this topic for shorebirds by bringing together researchers and managers from the Western Great Basin to discuss shorebird research and management in the region (Reed et al. 1997, International Wader Studies 9). In February 1998, a similar, but broader, symposium was held in Bend, Oregon that addressed wetland connectivity and waterbird conservation in the Western Great Basin. Over 100 participants spent one day listening to talks from waterbird researchers that focused on multi-scale habitat use and movements of birds in the region. From American Avocets Recurvirostra americana to White Pelicans Pelcanus erythrorhynchos we learned of phenomenal intra-season movements throughout the Basin and the value of collecting detailed data of this nature for representative waterbirds. We learned also about the National Shorebird Conservation Plan and spent the next day in discussion groups where future research and management priorities were outlined. These discussions were the first regional planning effort for the National Plan.
","conferenceTitle":"International Wader Study Group meeting","conferenceDate":"February 1998","conferenceLocation":"Bend, OR","language":"English","publisher":"International Wader Study Group","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., and Oring, L.W., 1998, Wetland connectivity and waterbird conservation in the western Great Basin of the United States: Introduction to workshop: Wader Study Group Bulletin, v. 85, p. 19-20.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/121484"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"85","publicComments":"This publication is the introduction to a collection of symposium abstracts, which were published as part of Volume 85 of this journal.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612734e4b06e28e9c25ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oring, Lewis W.","contributorId":16757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194237,"text":"70194237 - 1998 - Photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial soil-crust lichen Collema tenax from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T15:52:26","indexId":"70194237","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial soil-crust lichen Collema tenax from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange","title":"Photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial soil-crust lichen Collema tenax from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange","docAbstract":"1. The gelatinous cyanobacterial Collema tenax is a dominant lichen of biotic soil crusts in the western United States. In laboratory experiments, we studied CO2 exchange of this species as dependent on water content (WC), light and temperature. Results are compared with performance of green-algal lichens of the same site investigated earlier.
2. As compared with published data, photosynthetic capacity of C. tenax is higher than that of other cyanobacterial and green-algal soil-crust species studied. At all temperatures and photon flux densities of ecological relevance, net photosynthesis (NP) shows a strong depression at high degrees of hydration; maximal apparent quantum-use efficiency of CO2 fixation is also reduced. Water requirements (moisture compensation point, WC for maximal NP) are higher than that of the green-algal lichens. Collema tenax exhibits extreme ‘sun plant’ features and is adapted to high thallus temperatures.
3. Erratic rain showers are the main source of moisture for soil crusts on the Colorado Plateau, quickly saturating the lichens with liquid water. High water-holding capacity of C. tenax ensures extended phases of favourable hydration at conditions of high light and temperature after the rain for substantial photosynthetic production. Under such conditions the cyanobacterial lichen appears superior over its green-algal competitors, which seem better adapted to habitats with high air humidity, dew or fog as prevailing source of moisture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00192.x","usgsCitation":"Lange, O., Belnap, J., and Reichenberger, H., 1998, Photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial soil-crust lichen Collema tenax from arid lands in southern Utah, USA: Role of water content on light and temperature responses of CO2 exchange: Functional Ecology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00192.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00192.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612735e4b06e28e9c25ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lange, Otto L.","contributorId":17193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"Otto L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenberger, H.","contributorId":87482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichenberger","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187672,"text":"70187672 - 1998 - Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:41:13","indexId":"70187672","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","docAbstract":"A regression model approach using a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has the potential for estimating crop production in East Africa. However, before production estimation can become a reality, the underlying model assumptions and statistical nature of the sample data (NDVI and crop production) must be examined rigorously. Annual maize production statistics from 1982-90 for 36 agricultural districts within Kenya were used as the dependent variable; median area NDVI (independent variable) values from each agricultural district and year were extracted from the annual maximum NDVI data set. The input data and the statistical association of NDVI with maize production for Kenya were tested systematically for the following items: (1) homogeneity of the data when pooling the sample, (2) gross data errors and influence points, (3) serial (time) correlation, (4) spatial autocorrelation and (5) stability of the regression coefficients. The results of using a simple regression model with NDVI as the only independent variable are encouraging (r 0.75, p 0.05) and illustrate that NDVI can be a responsive indicator of maize production, especially in areas of high NDVI spatial variability, which coincide with areas of production variability in Kenya.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311698214677","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J., Rowland, J., and Nadeau, A., 1998, Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 19, no. 13, p. 2609-2617, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698214677.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2617","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bae4b044b359e486b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, J.E.","contributorId":37388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nadeau, A.","contributorId":182399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187671,"text":"70187671 - 1998 - The Inter-American Geospatial Data Network— developing a Western Hemisphere geospatial data clearinghouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:24:58","indexId":"70187671","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The Inter-American Geospatial Data Network— developing a Western Hemisphere geospatial data clearinghouse","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey and US Agency for International Development are enhancing the geographic information infrastructure of the Western Hemisphere by establishing the Inter-American Geospatial Data Network (IGDN). In its efforts to strengthen the Western Hemisphere's information infrastructure, the IGDN is consistent with the goals of the Plan of Action that emerged from the 1994 Summit of the Americas. The IGDN is an on-line cooperative, or clearinghouse, of geospatial data. Internet technology is used to facilitate the discovery and access of Western Hemisphere geospatial data. It was established by using the standards and guidelines of the Federal Geographic Data Committee to provide a consistent data discovery mechanism that will help minimize geospatial data duplication, promote data availability, and coordinate data collection and research activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":" IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 253","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":" IAHS-AISH","usgsCitation":"Anthony, M.L., Klaver, J.M., and Quenzer, R., 1998, The Inter-American Geospatial Data Network— developing a Western Hemisphere geospatial data clearinghouse, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bae4b044b359e486ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Michelle L. anthony@usgs.gov","contributorId":4781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michelle","email":"anthony@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":695024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":25423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quenzer, Robert 0000-0002-1886-374X rquenzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-374X","contributorId":4041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quenzer","given":"Robert","email":"rquenzer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187662,"text":"70187662 - 1998 - Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:32","indexId":"70187662","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","docAbstract":"The center of the Okmok caldera in Alaska subsided 140 cm as a result of its February– April 1997 eruption, according to satellite data from ERS-1 and ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. The inferred deflationary source was located 2.7 km beneath the approximate center of the caldera using a point source deflation model. Researchers believe this source is a magma chamber about 5 km from the eruptive source vent. During the 3 years before the eruption, the center of the caldera uplifted by about 23 cm, which researchers believe was a pre-emptive inflation of the magma chamber. Scientists say such measurements demonstrate that radar interferometry is a promising spaceborne technique for monitoring remote volcanoes. Frequent, routine acquisition of images with SAR interferometry could make near realtime monitoring at such volcanoes the rule, aiding in eruption forecasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98EO00348","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., and Freymueller, J., 1998, Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 79, no. 39, p. 461-468, https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeff","contributorId":82190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187661,"text":"70187661 - 1998 - North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T18:23:13.527549","indexId":"70187661","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set","docAbstract":"The North American Landscape Characterization (NALC) project is a component of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Landsat Pathfinder program. Pathfinder projects are focused on the investigation of global change utilizing current remote sensing technologies. The NALC project is a cooperative effort between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and NASA to make Landsat data available to the widest possible user community for scientific research and general public interest. The NALC project is principally funded by the EPA Office of Research and Development and the USGS's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC).
The objectives of the NALC project are to produce standardized remote sensing data sets, develop standardized analysis methods, and derive standardized land cover change products for a large portion of the North American continent (the conterminous United States and Mexico) (Lunetta and Sturdevant, 1993). The standard product is the NALC “triplicate”;, consisting of co‐registered Landsat multispectral scanner data for the years 1973, 1986, and 1991 (plus or minus one year), plus co‐registered 3 arcsecond digital terrain elevation data. Processing began with the 1986 scene, which was precision corrected (with full terrain correction) to a 60 meter Universal Transverse Mercator base. Automated cross‐correlation procedures were used to co‐register the 1970's and 1990's data to the 1980's base, and independent verifications of registration quality were performed on all triplicate components. The pertinent metadata were compiled in a relational database, which includes WRS2 path/rows, scene ID's, image dates, solar azimuth and elevation, verification RMSE's, and the number of verification control points. NALC triplicate data sets are being used for a number of applications, including the analysis of urbanization patterns, dynamics of climatic fluctuations, deforestation studies, and vegetation classification and mapping. These data are being distributed through the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Information Management System (IMS) at a cost of $15(U.S.) for each triplicate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049809354651","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., and Dwyer, J.L., 1998, North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set: Geocarto International, v. 13, no. 3, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049809354651.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.
Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020389,"text":"70020389 - 1998 - Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:09:19","indexId":"70020389","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","docAbstract":"As part of the activities of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Interagency Consortium, an intermediate-scale land cover data set is being generated for the conterminous United States. This effort is being conducted on a region-by-region basis using U.S. Standard Federal Regions. To date, land cover data sets have been generated for Federal Regions 3 (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware) and 2 (New York and New Jersey). Classification work is currently under way in Federal Region 4 (the southeastern United States), and land cover mapping activities have been started in Federal Regions 5 (the Great Lakes region) and 1 (New England). It is anticipated that a land cover data set for the conterminous United States will be completed by the end of 1999. A standard land cover classification legend is used, which is analogous to and compatible with other classification schemes. The primary MRLC regional classification scheme contains 23 land cover classes.
The primary source of data for the project is the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) sensor. For each region, TM scenes representing both leaf-on and leaf-off conditions are acquired, preprocessed, and georeferenced to MRLC specifications. Mosaicked data are clustered using unsupervised classification, and individual clusters are labeled using aerial photographs. Individual clusters that represent more than one land cover unit are split using spatial modeling with multiple ancillary spatial data layers (most notably, digital elevation model, population, land use and land cover, and wetlands information). This approach yields regional land cover information suitable for a wide array of applications, including landscape metric analyses, land management, land cover change studies, and nutrient and pesticide runoff modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005996900217","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Sohl, T.L., Campbell, P., and Shaw, D., 1998, Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 415-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a535e4b0e8fec6cdbd83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veith G.","contributorId":128423,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Veith G.","id":536464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.V.","contributorId":29985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020743,"text":"70020743 - 1998 - The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020743","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1840,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications","docAbstract":"We sampled the lizard fauna of twenty-two small islets fringing the Pacific island of Guam and used these data to shed light on the processes responsible for present-day diversity. Habitat diversity, measured by islet area and vegetation complexity, was significantly correlated with the number of species found on an islet. However, islet distance and elevation were not significant predictors of diversity. Distribution patterns were slightly different for the two major families in our sample, Scincidae and Gekkonidae: skinks needed larger islets to maintain a population than did geckos. Presence/absence patterns were highly and significantly nested, and population density was correlated with the number of islets on which a species was found. An area cladogram was poorly supported and showed no faunal similarity between nearby islands. These patterns indicate that extinctions on most islets were due mostly to non-catastrophic, long-acting biological causes. The presence on the islets of species extirpated on Guam and the lack of significant nestedness on islands with greater maximum elevation highlight the impact that predators (primarily brown treesnakes) can have. Our findings also show that small reserves will not suffice to protect endangered lizard faunas, and that the islets may serve as a short-term repository of such species until snake-free areas can be established on Guam.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x","issn":"09607447","usgsCitation":"Perry, G., Rodda, G., Fritts, T.H., and Sharp, T., 1998, The lizard fauna of Guam's fringing islets: Island biogeography, phylogenetic history, and conservation implications: Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, v. 7, no. 5, p. 353-365, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x.","startPage":"353","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.1998.00307.x"},{"id":231427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad97e4b08c986b323cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, G.","contributorId":91818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. 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The landslide resulted from failure of a sequence of dense sands and hard silts of glacial and non-glacial origin, including the Lawton Clay, a hard, jointed clayey silt that rarely fails in natural slopes. Joints controlled ground-water seepage through the silt and break-up of the landslide mass. During September of 1997, the US Geological Survey began measuring rainfall, ground-water pressures, and slope movement at the bluff where the landslide occurred. Data are collected every 15 minutes and updated hourly on the World-Wide-Web. Pore pressures observed from September 1997 to February 1998 generally were low and pressures near the bluff face, in the upper few meters of the hard clayey silt, increased gradually.","largerWorkTitle":"The geotechnics of hard soils - soft rocks. Proceedings of the second international symopsium on hard soils-soft rocks, Naples, October 1998. 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1998 - Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T09:49:48","indexId":"70046249","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee.","docAbstract":"This dataset represents aquifer diffusivity based on the streamflow-recession index areas from Bingham (1986).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046249","usgsCitation":"Greene, D., and Wolfe, W., 1998, Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee., Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046249.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273149,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/diffus.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.311203,34.97607803 ], [ -90.311203,36.67723846 ], [ -81.64650726,36.67723846 ], [ -81.64650726,34.97607803 ], [ -90.311203,34.97607803 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c6fe4b08a3322c2c343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, D.C.","contributorId":83394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046122,"text":"70046122 - 1998 - Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T10:37:21","indexId":"70046122","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\"","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of points and lines representing symbolization of geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers. The symbols were developed as part of the report in \"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046122","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\", Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046122.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272863,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_geosymb_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1ede4b0605bc571eff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046123,"text":"70046123 - 1998 - Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T10:46:16","indexId":"70046123","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of structure contours of the base of the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer and the base of the Arapahoe aquifer along the Front Range of Colorado. The U.S. Geological Survey developed this data set as part of a project described in the report, \"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046123","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046123.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272867,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_lfhbase_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25684011,39.89907671 ], [ -105.25684011,40.88766665 ], [ -104.59372543,40.88766665 ], [ -104.59372543,39.89907671 ], [ -105.25684011,39.89907671 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1eee4b0605bc571f005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046661,"text":"70046661 - 1998 - County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:02:24","indexId":"70046661","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992","docAbstract":"This data set contains county estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal wastes produced annually for the years 1982, 1987, and 1992. The estimates are based on animal populations for those years from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995) and methods for estimating the nutrient content of manure from the Soil Conservation Service (1992). The data set includes several components.. 1. Spatial component - generalized county boundaries in ARC/INFO format/1/, including nine INFO lookup tables containing animal counts and nutrient estimates keyed to the county polygons using county code. (The county lines were not used in the nutrient computations and are provided for displaying the data as a courtesy to the user.) The data is organized by 5-digit state/county FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) code. Another INFO table lists the county\nnames that correspond to the FIPS codes. 2. Tabular component - Nine tab-delimited ASCII lookup tables of animal counts and nutrient estimates organized by 5-digit state/county FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) code. Another table lists the county names that correspond to the FIPS codes. The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046661","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., Hitt, K., and Alexander, R., 1998, County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992 (1.0.0), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046661.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273946,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/manure.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.84205584,23.25412107 ], [ -127.84205584,48.18721528 ], [ -65.38582641,48.18721528 ], [ -65.38582641,23.25412107 ], [ -127.84205584,23.25412107 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"1.0.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c18162e4b0dd0e00d921a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, Larry lpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":98611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Larry","email":"lpuckett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie","contributorId":13205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard","contributorId":91003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}