{"pageNumber":"123","pageRowStart":"3050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16501,"records":[{"id":70157419,"text":"70157419 - 2015 - Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T13:28:52","indexId":"70157419","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dust deposition onto mountain snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin frequently occurs in the spring when wind speeds and dust emission peaks on the nearby Colorado Plateau. Dust loading has increased since the intensive settlement in the western USA in the mid 1880s. The effects of dust-on-snow have been well studied at Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in the San Juan Mountains, CO, the first high-altitude area of contact for predominantly southwesterly winds transporting dust from the southern Colorado Plateau. To capture variability in dust transport from the broader Colorado Plateau and dust deposition across a larger area of the Colorado River water sources, an additional study plot was established in 2009 on Grand Mesa, 150&thinsp;km to the north of SBBSA in west central, CO. Here, we compare the 4-year (2010&ndash;2013) dust source, deposition, and radiative forcing records at Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP) and Swamp Angel Study Plot (SASP), SBBSA's subalpine study plot. The study plots have similar site elevations/environments and differ mainly in the amount of dust deposited and ensuing impacts. At SASP, end of year dust concentrations ranged from 0.83&thinsp;mg&thinsp;g</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;to 4.80&thinsp;mg&thinsp;g</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, and daily mean spring dust radiative forcing ranged from 50&ndash;65&thinsp;W&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>, advancing melt by 24&ndash;49&thinsp;days. At GMSP, which received 1.0&thinsp;mg&thinsp;g</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;less dust per season on average, spring radiative forcings of 32&ndash;50&thinsp;W&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&nbsp;advanced melt by 15&ndash;30&thinsp;days. Remote sensing imagery showed that observed dust events were frequently associated with dust emission from the southern Colorado Plateau. Dust from these sources generally passed south of GMSP, and back trajectory footprints modelled for observed dust events were commonly more westerly and northerly for GMSP relative to SASP. These factors suggest that although the southern Colorado Plateau contains important dust sources, dust contributions from other dust sources contribute to dust loading in this region, and likely account for the majority of dust loading at GMSP.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10569","usgsCitation":"Skiles, S.M., Painter, T.H., Belnap, J., Holland, L., Reynolds, R.L., Goldstein, H.L., and Lin, J., 2015, Regional variability in dust-on-snow processes and impacts in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 26, p. 5397-5413, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10569.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"5397","endPage":"5413","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066323","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"26","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd58e4b03bc34f544b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skiles, S. McKenzie","contributorId":147878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skiles","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"McKenzie","affiliations":[{"id":16952,"text":"University of California- Los Angeles, Joint Intitute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":12378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holland, Lacey","contributorId":147879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"Lacey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16953,"text":"University of Utah, Atmospheric Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":147880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldstein, Harland L. 0000-0002-6092-8818 hgoldstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8818","contributorId":147881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Harland","email":"hgoldstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189891,"text":"70189891 - 2015 - Formation of mercury sulfide from Hg(II)−thiolate complexes in natural organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:33:53","indexId":"70189891","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of mercury sulfide from Hg(II)−thiolate complexes in natural organic matter","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methylmercury is the environmental form of neurotoxic mercury that is biomagnified in the food chain. Methylation rates are reduced when the metal is sequestered in crystalline mercury sulfides or bound to thiol groups in macromolecular natural organic matter. Mercury sulfide minerals are known to nucleate in anoxic zones, by reaction of the thiol-bound mercury with biogenic sulfide, but not in oxic environments. We present experimental evidence that mercury sulfide forms from thiol-bound mercury alone in aqueous dark systems in contact with air. The maximum amount of nanoparticulate mercury sulfide relative to thiol-bound mercury obtained by reacting dissolved mercury and soil organic matter matches that detected in the organic horizon of a contaminated soil situated downstream from Oak Ridge, TN, in the United States. The nearly identical ratios of the two forms of mercury in field and experimental systems suggest a common reaction mechanism for nucleating the mineral. We identified a chemical reaction mechanism that is thermodynamically favorable in which thiol-bound mercury polymerizes to mercury–sulfur clusters. The clusters form by elimination of sulfur from the thiol complexes via breaking of mercury–sulfur bonds as in an alkylation reaction. Addition of sulfide is not required. This nucleation mechanism provides one explanation for how mercury may be immobilized, and eventually sequestered, in oxygenated surface environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02522","usgsCitation":"Alain Manceau, Lemouchi, C., Enescu, M., Gaillot, A., Lanson, M., Magnin, V., Pieter Glatzel, Poulin, B., Ryan, J.N., Aiken, G.R., Gautier-Lunea, I., and Kathryn L. Nagy, 2015, Formation of mercury sulfide from Hg(II)−thiolate complexes in natural organic matter: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 16, p. 9787-9796, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02522.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"9787","endPage":"9796","ipdsId":"IP-064729","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.4024658203125,\n              35.87792352995116\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.08660888671875,\n              35.87792352995116\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.08660888671875,\n              36.053540128339755\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4024658203125,\n              36.053540128339755\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4024658203125,\n              35.87792352995116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ae4b0a38ca2789343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alain Manceau","contributorId":195252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alain Manceau","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemouchi, Cyprien","contributorId":195253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemouchi","given":"Cyprien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enescu, Mironel","contributorId":195254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enescu","given":"Mironel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaillot, Anne-Claire","contributorId":195256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaillot","given":"Anne-Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lanson, Martine","contributorId":195257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanson","given":"Martine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magnin, Valerie","contributorId":195258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnin","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pieter Glatzel","contributorId":195259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieter Glatzel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Poulin, Brett 0000-0002-5555-7733 bpoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-7733","contributorId":194253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulin","given":"Brett","email":"bpoulin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gautier-Lunea, Isabelle","contributorId":195260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gautier-Lunea","given":"Isabelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kathryn L. Nagy","contributorId":195261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kathryn L. Nagy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70148091,"text":"tm4C4 - 2015 - Design, analysis, and interpretation of field quality-control data for water-sampling projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T13:58:28.962369","indexId":"tm4C4","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-10T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-C4","title":"Design, analysis, and interpretation of field quality-control data for water-sampling projects","docAbstract":"<p>The process of obtaining and analyzing water samples from the environment includes a number of steps that can affect the reported result. The equipment used to collect and filter samples, the bottles used for specific subsamples, any added preservatives, sample storage in the field, and shipment to the laboratory have the potential to affect how accurately samples represent the environment from which they were collected. During the early 1990s, the U.S. Geological Survey implemented policies to include the routine collection of quality-control samples in order to evaluate these effects and to ensure that water-quality data were adequately representing environmental conditions. Since that time, the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Quality has provided training in how to design effective field quality-control sampling programs and how to evaluate the resultant quality-control data. This report documents that training material and provides a reference for methods used to analyze quality-control data.</p>\n<p>Quality-control data are those generated from the collection and analysis of quality-control samples, and are used to estimate the magnitude of errors in the process of obtaining environmental data. &ldquo;Bias&rdquo; and &ldquo;variability&rdquo; are the terms used in this report for the two types of errors in environmental data that are quantified by the data from quality-control samples. Bias is the systematic error inherent in a method or measurement system. Variability is the random error that occurs in independent measurements. The types of field quality-control samples discussed in this report include blanks, spikes, and replicates. Blanks are samples prepared with water that is intended to be free of measurable constituents that will be analyzed by the laboratory; blanks are used to estimate bias caused by contamination. Spiked samples are modified by addition of specific analytes; spikes are used to determine the performance of analytical methods and to estimate the potential bias due to matrix interference or analyte degradation. Replicate samples are two or more samples that are considered to be essentially identical in composition. Replicates are used to evaluate variability in analytical results. Various sub-types of these quality-control samples are defined and discussed in this report, and guidance is provided for incorporating the proper samples into the design for a project. The concept of inference space is introduced to help determine where and when quality-control samples should be collected as well as which environmental samples are related to a set of quality-control samples. The recommended basic quality-control design incorporates project-specific considerations, such as the objectives and scale of the study, and hydrologic and chemical conditions within the study area.</p>\n<p>The report provides extensive information about statistical methods used to analyze quality-control data in order to estimate potential bias and variability in environmental data. These methods include construction of confidence intervals on various statistical measures, such as the mean, percentiles and percentages, and standard deviation. The methods are used to compare quality-control results with the larger set of environmental data in order to determine whether the effects of bias and variability might interfere with interpretation of these data. Examples from published reports are presented to illustrate how the methods are applied, how bias and variability are reported, and how the interpretation of environmental data can be qualified based on the quality-control analysis.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C in Book 4 <i> Hydrologic analysis and interpretation</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/tm4C4","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.K., Schertz, T.L., Martin, J.D., and Sandstrom, M.W., 2015, Design, analysis, and interpretation of field quality-control data for water-sampling projects: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4-C4, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm4C4.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056948","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm4C4.jpg"},{"id":305660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/c04/pdf/tm4c4.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.72 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305622,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04/c04/"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 of Section C in Book 4 <i> Hydrologic analysis and interpretation</i>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eee2e4b0bc0bec09edae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154854,"text":"70154854 - 2015 - Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T13:19:21","indexId":"70154854","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and concentrations of salts in surface water bodies can be affected by the natural environment, local human activities such as surface and ground water withdrawals, land use, and energy extraction, and variability and long-term trends in atmospheric conditions including temperature and precipitation. Here, we quantify the relationship between 121 indicators of mean and extreme temperature and precipitation and 24 water quality parameters in 57 Texas reservoirs using observational data records covering the period 1960 to 2010. We find that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and phosphorus all show consistent correlations with atmospheric predictors, including high and low temperature extremes, dry days, heavy precipitation events, and mean temperature and precipitation over time scales ranging from one week to two years. Based on this analysis and published future projections for this region, we expect climate change to increase water temperatures, decrease dissolved oxygen levels, decrease pH, increase specific conductance, and increase levels of sulfate, chloride in Texas reservoirs. Over decadal time scales, this may affect aquatic ecosystems in the reservoirs, including altering the risk of conditions conducive to algae occurrence, as well as affecting the quality of water available for human consumption and recreation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Chichester, Sussex, England","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10545","usgsCitation":"Gelca, R., Hayhoe, K., Scott-Fleming, I., Crow, C., Dawson, D., and Patino, R., 2015, Climate-water quality relationships in Texas reservoirs: Hydrological Processes, v. 30, no. 1, p. 12-29, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10545.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053869","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Katharine","contributorId":35624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott-Fleming, Ian","contributorId":145546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott-Fleming","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crow, Caleb","contributorId":145547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"Caleb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, D.","contributorId":72901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70159689,"text":"70159689 - 2015 - Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:54:07","indexId":"70159689","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxic organic contaminants may enter the subsurface as slightly soluble and volatile nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) or as dissolved solutes resulting in contaminant plumes emanating from the source zone. A large body of research published in&nbsp;</span><i>Water Resources Research</i><span>&nbsp;has been devoted to characterizing and understanding processes controlling the transport and fate of these organic contaminants and the effectiveness of natural attenuation, bioremediation, and other remedial technologies. These contributions include studies of NAPL flow, entrapment, and interphase mass transfer that have advanced from the analysis of simple systems with uniform properties and equilibrium contaminant phase partitioning to complex systems with pore-scale and macroscale heterogeneity and rate-limited interphase mass transfer. Understanding of the fate of dissolved organic plumes has advanced from when biodegradation was thought to require oxygen to recognition of the importance of anaerobic biodegradation, multiple redox zones, microbial enzyme kinetics, and mixing of organic contaminants and electron acceptors at plume fringes. Challenges remain in understanding the impacts of physical, chemical, biological, and hydrogeological heterogeneity, pore-scale interactions, and mixing on the fate of organic contaminants. Further effort is needed to successfully incorporate these processes into field-scale predictions of transport and fate. Regulations have greatly reduced the frequency of new point-source contamination problems; however, remediation at many legacy plumes remains challenging. A number of fields of current relevance are benefiting from research advances from point-source contaminant research. These include geologic carbon sequestration, nonpoint-source contamination, aquifer storage and recovery, the fate of contaminants from oil and gas development, and enhanced bioremediation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017121","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H.I., Bekins, B.A., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Organic contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface: evolution of knowledge and understanding: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 4861-4902, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017121.","productDescription":"42","startPage":"4861","endPage":"4902","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063591","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf50e4b0112df6c62e23","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017121","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017121","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Essaid Hedeff I., Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154764,"text":"70154764 - 2015 - The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:06:41","indexId":"70154764","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simulating groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers of the semiarid southwestern United States commonly requires decisions about how to distribute aquifer recharge. Precipitation can recharge basin-fill aquifers by direct infiltration and transport through faults and fractures in the high-elevation areas, by flowing overland through high-elevation areas to infiltrate at basin-fill margins along mountain fronts, by flowing overland to infiltrate along ephemeral channels that often traverse basins in the area, or by some combination of these processes. The importance of accurately simulating recharge distributions is a current topic of discussion among hydrologists and water managers in the region, but no comparative study has been performed to analyze the effects of different recharge distributions on groundwater simulations. This study investigates the importance of the distribution of aquifer recharge in simulating regional groundwater flow in basin-fill aquifers by calibrating a groundwater-flow model to four different recharge distributions, all with the same total amount of recharge. Similarities are seen in results from steady-state models for optimized hydraulic conductivity values, fit of simulated to observed hydraulic heads, and composite scaled sensitivities of conductivity parameter zones. Transient simulations with hypothetical storage properties and pumping rates produce similar capture rates and storage change results, but differences are noted in the rate of drawdown at some well locations owing to the differences in optimized hydraulic conductivity. Depending on whether the purpose of the groundwater model is to simulate changes in groundwater levels or changes in storage and capture, the distribution of aquifer recharge may or may not be of primary importance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12210","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Pool, D.R., and Leake, S.A., 2015, The Effect of modeled recharge distribution on simulated groundwater availability and capture: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 3, p. 378-388, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12210.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051913","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Detrital Valley, Hualapai Valley, Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.334716796875,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.97216796875,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90625,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.64257812499999,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.280029296875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.21411132812499,\n              35.35321610123821\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5986328125,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              34.542762387234845\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.785400390625,\n              34.334364487026306\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.202880859375,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.32373046875,\n              34.71452466170392\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              34.858890491257824\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.554443359375,\n              35.98689628443789\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.334716796875,\n              36.00467348670187\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950123e4b0b6d21dd6cbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, Donald R. drpool@usgs.gov","contributorId":1121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"Donald","email":"drpool@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173444,"text":"70173444 - 2015 - Building a multi-scaled geospatial temporal ecology database from disparate data sources: Fostering open science through data reuse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T14:07:39","indexId":"70173444","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5091,"text":"GigaScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building a multi-scaled geospatial temporal ecology database from disparate data sources: Fostering open science through data reuse","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although there are considerable site-based data for individual or groups of ecosystems, these datasets are widely scattered, have different data formats and conventions, and often have limited accessibility. At the broader scale, national datasets exist for a large number of geospatial features of land, water, and air that are needed to fully understand variation among these ecosystems. However, such datasets originate from different sources and have different spatial and temporal resolutions. By taking an open-science perspective and by combining site-based ecosystem datasets and national geospatial datasets, science gains the ability to ask important research questions related to grand environmental challenges that operate at broad scales. Documentation of such complicated database integration efforts, through peer-reviewed papers, is recommended to foster reproducibility and future use of the integrated database. Here, we describe the major steps, challenges, and considerations in building an integrated database of lake ecosystems, called LAGOS (LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database), that was developed at the sub-continental study extent of 17 US states (1,800,000&nbsp;km</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>). LAGOS includes two modules: LAGOS</span><sub><span>GEO</span></sub><span>, with geospatial data on every lake with surface area larger than 4&nbsp;ha in the study extent (~50,000 lakes), including climate, atmospheric deposition, land use/cover, hydrology, geology, and topography measured across a range of spatial and temporal extents; and LAGOS</span><sub><span>LIMNO</span></sub><span>, with lake water quality data compiled from ~100 individual datasets for a subset of lakes in the study extent (~10,000 lakes). Procedures for the integration of datasets included: creating a flexible database design; authoring and integrating metadata; documenting data provenance; quantifying spatial measures of geographic data; quality-controlling integrated and derived data; and extensively documenting the database. Our procedures make a large, complex, and integrated database reproducible and extensible, allowing users to ask new research questions with the existing database or through the addition of new data. The largest challenge of this task was the heterogeneity of the data, formats, and metadata. Many steps of data integration need manual input from experts in diverse fields, requiring close collaboration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/s13742-015-0067-4","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Bissell, E., Cheruvelil, K.S., Christel, S.T., Collins, S.M., Fergus, C.E., Filstrup, C.T., Lapierre, J., Lotting, N.R., Oliver, S., Scott, C.E., Smith, N.J., Stopyak, S., Yuan, S., Bremigan, M.T., Downing, J., Gries, C., Henry, E.N., Skaff, N.K., Stanley, E.H., Stow, C., Tan, P., Wagner, T., and Webster, K.E., 2015, Building a multi-scaled geospatial temporal ecology database from disparate data sources: Fostering open science through data reuse: GigaScience, v. 4, no. 28, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0067-4.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062339","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0067-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              49.35375571830993\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              35.99578538642032\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              37.19533058280065\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.3193359375,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5947265625,\n              38.71980474264239\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6396484375,\n              39.707186656826565\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              39.774769485295465\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8388671875,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.1044921875,\n              43.73935207915473\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.357421875,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.15917968749999,\n              47.90161354142077\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7392578125,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.220703125,\n              49.410973199695846\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              49.35375571830993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"28","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b1e4b07657d19fefae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissell, E.G.","contributorId":88823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissell","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra S.","contributorId":172029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christel, Samuel T.","contributorId":169272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christel","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Sarah M.","contributorId":172181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fergus, C. Emi","contributorId":150608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fergus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Emi","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filstrup, Christopher T.","contributorId":169032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filstrup","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lapierre, Jean-Francois","contributorId":172182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapierre","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lotting, Noah R.","contributorId":172183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lotting","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Scott, Caren E.","contributorId":172184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Nicole J.","contributorId":172185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stopyak, Scott","contributorId":172186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stopyak","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Yuan, Shuai","contributorId":172187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Shuai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bremigan, Mary Tate","contributorId":172173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bremigan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Tate","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Downing, John A.","contributorId":70348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gries, Corinna","contributorId":106525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"Corinna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Henry, Emily N.","contributorId":172189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Skaff, Nick K.","contributorId":172190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skaff","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Tan, Pang-Ning","contributorId":172193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Pang-Ning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":70159502,"text":"70159502 - 2015 - Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:26:40","indexId":"70159502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, USA, has been the site of active hydrologic research since 1959 and was the setting where Dunne and Black demonstrated the importance and controls of saturation-excess overland flow (SOF) on streamflow generation. Here, we review the early studies from the SRRW and show how they guided our conceptual approach to hydrologic research at the SRRW during the most recent 25&thinsp;years. In so doing, we chronicle a shift in the field from early studies that relied exclusively on hydrometric measurements to today's studies that include chemical and isotopic approaches to further elucidate streamflow generation mechanisms. Highlights of this evolution in hydrologic understanding include the following: (i) confirmation of the importance of SOF to streamflow generation, and at larger scales than first imagined; (ii) stored catchment water dominates stream response, except under unusual conditions such as deep frozen ground; (iii) hydrometric, chemical and isotopic approaches to hydrograph separation yield consistent and complementary results; (iv) nitrate and sulfate isotopic compositions specific to atmospheric inputs constrain new water contributions to streamflow; and (v) convergent areas, or &lsquo;hillslope hollows&rsquo;, contribute disproportionately to event hydrographs. We conclude by summarizing some remaining challenges that lead us to a vision for the future of research at the SRRW to address fundamental questions in the catchment sciences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10377","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Sebestyen, S.D., McDonnell, J.J., McGlynn, B.L., and Dunne, T., 2015, Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 16, p. 3447-3459, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10377.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3447","endPage":"3459","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060314","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vk658z6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c660e4b0e2669b30f233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":202934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36551,"text":"University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and University of Aberdeen, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGlynn, Brian L.","contributorId":83012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187119,"text":"70187119 - 2015 - Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:01:59","indexId":"70187119","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, <sup>15</sup>N-[TNT]","title":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","docAbstract":"<p><span>2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been used as a military explosive for over a hundred years. Contamination concerns have arisen as a result of manufacturing and use on a large scale; however, despite decades of work addressing TNT contamination in the environment, its fate in marine ecosystems is not fully resolved. Here we examine the cycling and fate of TNT in the coastal marine systems by spiking a marine mesocosm containing seawater, sediments, and macrobiota with isotopically labeled TNT (</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-[TNT]), simultaneously monitoring removal, transformation, mineralization, sorption, and biological uptake over a period of 16 days. TNT degradation was rapid, and we observed accumulation of reduced transformation products dissolved in the water column and in pore waters, sorbed to sediments and suspended particulate matter (SPM), and in the tissues of macrobiota. Bulk δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N analysis of sediments, SPM, and tissues revealed large quantities of&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N beyond that accounted for in identifiable derivatives. TNT-derived N was also found in the dissolved inorganic N (DIN) pool. Using multivariate statistical analysis and a&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N mass balance approach, we identify the major transformation pathways of TNT, including the deamination of reduced TNT derivatives, potentially promoted by sorption to SPM and oxic surface sediments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02907","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.W., Vlahos, P., Bohlke, J., Ariyarathna, T., Ballentine, M., Cooper, C., Fallis, S., Groshens, T.J., and Tobias, C.R., 2015, Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 20, p. 12223-12231, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12223","endPage":"12231","ipdsId":"IP-068873","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea3e4b006455f2d61e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard W.","contributorId":191276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vlahos, Penny","contributorId":191277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vlahos","given":"Penny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ariyarathna, Thivanka","contributorId":191278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ariyarathna","given":"Thivanka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballentine, Mark","contributorId":191279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballentine","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, Christopher","contributorId":191280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fallis, Stephen","contributorId":191281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallis","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Groshens, Thomas J.","contributorId":191282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groshens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tobias, Craig R.","contributorId":191283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70148422,"text":"sir20155077 - 2015 - Flood Map for the Winooski River in Waterbury, Vermont, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T10:40:01","indexId":"sir20155077","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-30T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5077","title":"Flood Map for the Winooski River in Waterbury, Vermont, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>From August 28 to 29, 2011, Tropical Storm Irene delivered rainfall ranging from approximately 4 to more than 7 inches in the Winooski River Basin in Vermont. The rainfall resulted in severe flooding throughout the basin and significant damage along the Winooski River. In response to the flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a new flood study to aid in flood recovery and restoration and to assist in flood forecasting. The study resulted in two sets of flood maps that depict the flooding for an 8.3-mile reach of the Winooski River from about 1,000 feet downstream of the Waterbury-Bolton, Vermont, town line upstream to about 2,000 feet upstream of the Waterbury-Middlesex, Vt., town line.</p>\n<p>The first set of maps consists of flood-recovery maps depicting the boundaries of floodwaters at the 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) discharges, the boundaries of the floodway, and the boundaries of floodwaters from Tropical Storm Irene as estimated by a hydraulic model. The second set of maps consists of flood-inundation maps depicting the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS Winooski River above Crossett Bk at Waterbury, VT (04288040) streamgage. The maps correspond to streamgage water levels ranging from 417.0 to 431.0 feet in 2-foot increments. The availability of these flood-inundation maps along with current stage from the USGS streamgage obtained from a USGS Web site will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts. These flood inundation maps can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site (<a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a>).</p>\n<p>To generate the maps, flood profiles for the Winooski River were developed. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional step-backwater Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model (HEC&ndash;RAS), was used to compute the water-surface profiles along the study reach. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data with a vertical accuracy that meets or exceeds vertical national map accuracy standards for 2-foot contour mapping to delineate the area flooded for each water-surface profile.</p>\n<p>High-water marks from Tropical Storm Irene were available for seven locations along the study reach. The highwater marks were used to estimate water-surface profiles and discharges resulting from Tropical Storm Irene throughout the study reach. From a comparison of the estimated water-surface profile for Tropical Storm Irene with the water-surface profiles for the 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) floods, it was determined that the high-water elevations resulting from Tropical Storm Irene exceeded the estimated 1-percent AEP flood throughout the Winooski River study reach but did not exceed the estimated 0.2-percent AEP flood at any location within the study reach.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155077","collaboration":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2015, Flood Map for the Winooski River in Waterbury, Vermont, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5077, Report: vi, 25 p.; Readme; Appendix; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155077.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Readme; Appendix; Metadata","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061798","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155077.jpg"},{"id":305487,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/pdf/sir20155077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.48 MB","description":"Report"},{"id":305490,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/attachments/metadata_floodinundationmap.zip","text":"Metadata for flood inundation map","size":"123 KB","description":"Metadata for flood inundation map","linkHelpText":"Metadata for flood inundation map"},{"id":305488,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/attachments/readme.txt","text":"Read me","size":"1 KB","description":"Read Me"},{"id":305489,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/attachments/sir2015-5077_appendix1.zip","text":"Map file and dataset","size":"715 MB","description":"Map file and dataset","linkHelpText":"Contains the published map file and the map dataset."},{"id":305491,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/attachments/metadata_floodrecoverymap.zip","text":"Metadata for flood recovery map","size":"132 KB","description":"Metadata for flood recovery map","linkHelpText":"Metadata for flood recovery map"},{"id":305486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5077/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Waterbury","otherGeospatial":"Winooski River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.75833129882812,\n              44.319672489734806\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75833129882812,\n              44.334408514149914\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.73258209228516,\n              44.334408514149914\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.73258209228516,\n              44.319672489734806\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75833129882812,\n              44.319672489734806\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5593afa9e4b0b6d21dd68220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155517,"text":"70155517 - 2015 - Integrating multiple distribution models to guide conservation efforts of an endangered toad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T11:35:56","indexId":"70155517","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-30T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating multiple distribution models to guide conservation efforts of an endangered toad","docAbstract":"<p><span>Species distribution models are used for numerous purposes such as predicting changes in species&rsquo; ranges and identifying biodiversity hotspots. Although implications of distribution models for conservation are often implicit, few studies use these tools explicitly to inform conservation efforts. Herein, we illustrate how multiple distribution models developed using distinct sets of environmental variables can be integrated to aid in identification sites for use in conservation. We focus on the endangered arroyo toad (</span><i>Anaxyrus californicus</i><span>), which relies on open, sandy streams and surrounding floodplains in southern California, USA, and northern Baja California, Mexico. Declines of the species are largely attributed to habitat degradation associated with vegetation encroachment, invasive predators, and altered hydrologic regimes. We had three main goals: 1) develop a model of potential habitat for arroyo toads, based on long-term environmental variables and all available locality data; 2) develop a model of the species&rsquo; current habitat by incorporating recent remotely-sensed variables and only using recent locality data; and 3) integrate results of both models to identify sites that may be employed in conservation efforts. We used a machine learning technique, Random Forests, to develop the models, focused on riparian zones in southern California. We identified 14.37% and 10.50% of our study area as potential and current habitat for the arroyo toad, respectively. Generally, inclusion of remotely-sensed variables reduced modeled suitability of sites, thus many areas modeled as potential habitat were not modeled as current habitat. We propose such sites could be made suitable for arroyo toads through active management, increasing current habitat by up to 67.02%. Our general approach can be employed to guide conservation efforts of virtually any species with sufficient data necessary to develop appropriate distribution models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0131628","usgsCitation":"Treglia, M.L., Fisher, R.N., and Fitzgerald, L., 2015, Integrating multiple distribution models to guide conservation efforts of an endangered toad: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131628.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064868","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.49304199218749,\n              33.99347299511967\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.01513671875,\n              34.50655662164561\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              34.610605760914666\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26831054687501,\n              34.49750272138159\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94970703125,\n              34.20271636159618\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9332275390625,\n              33.73804486328909\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.81787109375,\n              33.44060944370356\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.62561035156249,\n              33.30757713015298\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.51574707031249,\n              33.06852769197118\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.34545898437499,\n              32.68099643258195\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.15270996093749,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.158203125,\n              32.62549671451373\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.29553222656249,\n              32.694865977875075\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.31201171875001,\n              32.838058359277056\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.31201171875001,\n              32.98102014898148\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.49877929687499,\n              33.27084277265288\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7569580078125,\n              33.458942753687644\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              33.706062655101206\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.333740234375,\n              33.67406853374198\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48205566406251,\n              33.747180448149855\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4600830078125,\n              33.8247936182649\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.49304199218749,\n              33.99347299511967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb34e4b08400b1fdb713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treglia, Michael L.","contributorId":145921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treglia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16299,"text":"Dep't Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas A&M U, College Station, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Lee A.","contributorId":145922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Lee A.","affiliations":[{"id":16300,"text":"Dep't of Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas A&M U, College Station, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148366,"text":"fs20153043 - 2015 - Sediment conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, 2000-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T11:59:58","indexId":"fs20153043","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-30T02:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3043","title":"Sediment conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, 2000-13","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment plays an important role in the ecological health of rivers and estuaries and consequently is an important issue for water-resource managers. To better understand sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority, completed a two-part study in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, to (1) collect and analyze sediment data to characterize sediment conditions and (2) develop and calibrate a watershed model to simulate hydrologic conditions and suspended-sediment loads during 2000&ndash;12.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153043","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., Banta, J., Crow, C.L., and Opsahl, S.P., 2015, Sediment conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, 2000-13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3043, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153043.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-05-31","ipdsId":"IP-061350","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3043/"},{"id":305470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3043/pdf/fs2015-3043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.74011230468749,\n              28.41555985166584\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9268798828125,\n              28.386567819657213\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.4212646484375,\n              28.565225490654658\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.6409912109375,\n              28.69058765425071\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.76184082031249,\n              28.767659105691255\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.943115234375,\n              28.969700808694157\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              29.156958511360703\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.2232666015625,\n              29.224096165685452\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.2342529296875,\n              29.406105055709293\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.32763671875,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3111572265625,\n              29.740532166753606\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1793212890625,\n              29.88351825335318\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.88818359375,\n              29.950175057288813\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.76184082031249,\n              29.969211659636663\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.657470703125,\n              29.869228848968312\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.459716796875,\n              29.67850809103362\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31689453125,\n              29.501768632523287\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1685791015625,\n              29.28160772298835\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.1356201171875,\n              29.08977693862319\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0587158203125,\n              28.878349647602047\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              28.603814407841327\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.74011230468749,\n              28.41555985166584\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5593afaae4b0b6d21dd68224","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":4723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148568,"text":"sir20155085 - 2015 - Hydrologic influences on water-level changes in the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T16:01:27","indexId":"sir20155085","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-26T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5085","title":"Hydrologic influences on water-level changes in the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2014","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, has maintained a water-level monitoring program at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) since 1949 to systematically measure water levels to provide long-term information on groundwater recharge, discharge, movement, and storage in the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) aquifer. During 2014, water levels in the ESRP aquifer reached all-time lows for the period of record, prompting this study to assess the effect that future water-level declines may have on pumps and wells. Water-level data were compared with pump-setting depth to determine the hydraulic head above the current pump setting. Additionally, geophysical logs were examined to address changes in well productivity with water-level declines. Furthermore, hydrologic factors that affect water levels in different areas of the INL were evaluated to help understand why water-level changes occur.</p>\n<p>Review of pump intake placement and 2014 water-level data indicates that 40 wells completed within the ESRP aquifer at the INL have 20 feet (ft) or less of head above the pump. Nine of the these wells are located in the northeastern and northwestern areas of the INL where recharge is predominantly affected by irrigation, wet and dry cycles of precipitation, and flow in the Big Lost River. Water levels in northeastern and northwestern wells generally show water-level fluctuations of as much as 4.5 ft seasonally and show declines as much as 25 ft during the past 14 years.</p>\n<p>In the southeastern area of the INL, seven wells were identified as having less than 20 ft of water remaining above the pump. Most of the wells in the southeast show less decline over the period of record compared with wells in the northeast; the smaller declines are probably attributable to less groundwater withdrawal from pumping of wells for irrigation. In addition, most of the southeastern wells show only about a 1&ndash;2 ft fluctuation seasonally because they are less influenced by groundwater withdrawals for irrigation.</p>\n<p>In the southwestern area of the INL, 24 wells were identified as having less than 20 ft of water remaining above the pump. Wells in the southwest also only show small 1&ndash;2 ft fluctuations seasonally because of a lack of irrigation influence. Wells show larger fluctuation in water levels closer to the Big Lost River and fluctuate in response to wet and dry cycles of recharge to the Big Lost River.</p>\n<p>Geophysical logs indicate that most of the wells evaluated will maintain their current production until the water level declines to the depth of the pump. A few of the wells may become less productive once the water level gets to within about 5 ft from the top of the pump. Wells most susceptible to future drought cycles are those in the northeastern and northwestern areas of the INL.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155085","collaboration":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., and Twining, B.V., 2015, Hydrologic influences on water-level changes in the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at and near the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1949-2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5085, Report: v, 37 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155085.","productDescription":"Report: v, 37 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060008","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":303220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155085.jpg"},{"id":303174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5085/"},{"id":303175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5085/pdf/sir2015-5085.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":303176,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5085/pdf/sir2015-5085_appendixa.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix A"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.32373046875,\n              43.08092540794885\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.32373046875,\n              43.97700467496408\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              43.97700467496408\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              43.08092540794885\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.32373046875,\n              43.08092540794885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e69abe4b0b6d21dd658fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70150465,"text":"70150465 - 2015 - Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T09:48:07","indexId":"70150465","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients","docAbstract":"<p>Species distribution models (SDM) link species occurrence with a suite of environmental predictors and provide an estimate of habitat quality when the variable set captures the biological requirements of the species. SDMs are inherently more complex when they include components of a species' ecology such as conspecific attraction and behavioral flexibility to exploit resources that vary across time and space. Wading birds are highly mobile, demonstrate flexible habitat selection, and respond quickly to changes in habitat quality; thus serving as important indicator species for wetland systems. We developed a spatio-temporal, multi-SDM framework using Great Egret (<i>Ardea alba</i>), White Ibis (<i>Eudocimus albus</i>), and Wood Stork (<i>Mycteria Americana</i>) distributions over a decadal gradient of environmental conditions to predict species-specific abundance across space and locations used on the landscape over time. In models of temporal dynamics, species demonstrated conditional preferences for resources based on resource levels linked to differing temporal scales. Wading bird abundance was highest when prey production from optimal periods of inundation was concentrated in shallow depths. Similar responses were observed in models predicting locations used over time, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Species clustered in response to differing habitat conditions, indicating that social attraction can co-vary with foraging strategy, water-level changes, and habitat quality. This modeling framework can be applied to evaluate the multi-annual resource pulses occurring in real-time, climate change scenarios, or restorative hydrological regimes by tracking changing seasonal and annual distribution and abundance of high quality foraging patches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0128182","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., Noonberg, E.G., and Gawlik, D.E., 2015, Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128182.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060476","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":302361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b8e4b0b6d21dd65963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X jbeerens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":143722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","email":"jbeerens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noonberg, Erik G.","contributorId":143723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noonberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gawlik, Dale E.","contributorId":88055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148337,"text":"ofr20151062 - 2015 - Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T09:22:03","indexId":"ofr20151062","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-17T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1062","title":"Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many climate-related hydrologic variables in New England have changed in the past century, and many are expected to change during the next century. It is important to understand and monitor these changes because they can affect human water supply, hydroelectric power generation, transportation infrastructure, and stream and riparian ecology. This report describes a framework for hydrologic monitoring in New England by means of a climate-response network. The framework identifies specific inland hydrologic variables that are sensitive to climate variation; identifies geographic regions with similar hydrologic responses; proposes a fixed-station monitoring network composed of existing streamflow, groundwater, lake ice, snowpack, and meteorological data-collection stations for evaluation of hydrologic response to climate variation; and identifies streamflow basins for intensive, process-based studies and for estimates of future hydrologic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151062","usgsCitation":"Lent, R.M., Hodgkins, G.A., Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, L., 2015, Framework for a hydrologic climate-response network in New England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1062, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151062.","productDescription":"v, 34 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W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Luther 0000-0003-3957-1794 lschalk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-1794","contributorId":4366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Luther","email":"lschalk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189936,"text":"70189936 - 2015 - Measurements of the initiation of post-wildfire runoff during rainstorms using in situ overland flow detectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T09:02:59","indexId":"70189936","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Measurements of the initiation of post-wildfire runoff during rainstorms using <i>in situ</i> overland flow detectors","title":"Measurements of the initiation of post-wildfire runoff during rainstorms using in situ overland flow detectors","docAbstract":"<p>Overland flow detectors (OFDs) were deployed in 2012 on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire near Boulder, Colorado, USA. These detectors were simple, electrical resistor-type instruments that output a voltage (0–2·5 V) and were designed to measure and record the time of runoff initiation, a signal proportional to water depth, and the runoff hydrograph during natural convective rainstorms.</p><p>Initiation of runoff was found to be spatially complex and began at different times in different locations on the hillslope. Runoff started first at upstream detectors 56% of the time, at the mid-stream detectors 6%, and at the downstream detectors 38% of the time. Initiation of post-wildfire runoff depended on the time-to-ponding, travel time between points, and the time to fill surface depression storage. These times ranged from 0·5–54, 0·4–1·1, and 0·2–14 minutes, respectively, indicating the importance of the ponding process in controlling the initiation of runoff at this site. Time-to-ponding was modeled as a function of the rainfall acceleration (i.e. the rate of change of rainfall intensity) and either the cumulative rainfall at the start of runoff or the soil–water deficit.</p><p>Measurements made by the OFDs provided physical insight into the spatial and temporal initiation of post-wildfire runoff during unsteady flow in response to time varying natural rainfall. They also provided data that can be telemetered and used to determine critical input parameters for hydrologic rainfall–runoff models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3704","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, R., 2015, Measurements of the initiation of post-wildfire runoff during rainstorms using in situ overland flow detectors: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 40, no. 8, p. 1043-1056, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3704.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1043","endPage":"1056","ipdsId":"IP-061823","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419be4b0a38ca2789349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Richard G.","contributorId":195347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155905,"text":"70155905 - 2015 - Regional scale estimates of baseflow and factors influencing baseflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T13:25:38.079996","indexId":"70155905","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-15T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional scale estimates of baseflow and factors influencing baseflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"30.716403666666665\">\n<h4 id=\"absSec_1\">Study region</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0010\">The study region encompasses the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), which provides water for 40 million people and is a vital part of the water supply in the western U.S.</p>\n<h4 id=\"absSec_2\">Study focus</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0015\">Groundwater and surface water can be considered a single water resource and thus it is important to understand groundwater contributions to streamflow, or baseflow, within a region. Previously, quantification of baseflow using chemical mass balance at large numbers of sites was not possible because of data limitations. A new method using regression-derived daily specific conductance values with conductivity mass balance hydrograph separation allows for baseflow estimation at sites across large regions. This method was applied to estimate baseflow discharge at 229 sites across the UCRB. Subsequently, climate, soil, topography, and land cover characteristics were statistically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine their influence on baseflow discharge.</p>\n<h4 id=\"absSec_3\">New hydrological insights for the region</h4>\n<p id=\"spar0020\">Results suggest that approximately half of the streamflow in the UCRB is baseflow derived from groundwater discharge to streams. Higher baseflow yields typically occur in upper elevation areas of the UCRB. PCA identified precipitation, snow, sand content of soils, elevation, land surface slope, percent grasslands, and percent natural barren lands as being positively correlated with baseflow yield; whereas temperature, potential evapotranspiration, silt and clay content of soils, percent agriculture, and percent shrublands were negatively correlated with baseflow yield.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.04.008","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, C., Miller, M.P., Susong, D.D., Tillman, F., and Anning, D.W., 2015, Regional scale estimates of baseflow and factors influencing baseflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 4, no. 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,{"id":70162583,"text":"70162583 - 2015 - Geologic and geomorphic controls on the occurrence of fens in the Oregon Cascades and implications for vulnerability and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T09:09:53","indexId":"70162583","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-13T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and geomorphic controls on the occurrence of fens in the Oregon Cascades and implications for vulnerability and conservation","docAbstract":"<p>Montane fens are biologically diverse peat-forming wetlands that develop at points of groundwater discharge. To protect these ecosystems, it is critical to understand their locations on the landscape and the hydrogeologic systems that support them. The upper Deschutes Basin has a groundwater flow system that supports baseflow in many rivers, but little is known about the wetland types and groundwater dependence of the thousands of wetlands within the watershed. In 292 randomly selected wetlands, we quantified landscape metrics thought useful for discriminating montane fens from non-peat-forming wetlands. We inspected these wetlands and classified 67 of them as fens. Of the landscape metrics, only geology reliably differentiated fens from other types of wetlands. Nearly all fens develop in low-permeability glacial till found at approximately 1400&ndash;1800 m in elevation, and are concentrated in areas mantled by pumice deposits that originated primarily from the eruption of Mt. Mazama approximately 7700 years BP. Stratigraphic and hydrologic factors indicate the fens are supplied by perched aquifers in glacial till, instead of the deeper regional aquifer system. Their hydrogeologic setting makes the fens highly vulnerable to expected changes to recharge associated with climate change, but not to groundwater pumping from the regional aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13157-015-0667-x","usgsCitation":"Aldous, A., Gannett, M.W., Keith, M., and O'Connor, J., 2015, Geologic and geomorphic controls on the occurrence of fens in the Oregon Cascades and implications for vulnerability and conservation: Wetlands, v. 35, no. 4, p. 757-767, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0667-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"767","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057994","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.42663574218749,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.42663574218749,\n              44.64911632343077\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87158203125,\n              45.089035564831015\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4208984375,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7340087890625,\n              44.92591837128869\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.761474609375,\n              44.31205742666618\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              43.92559366355069\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89331054687499,\n              43.492782808225\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34948730468749,\n              43.30119623257966\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.7452392578125,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5419921875,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.42663574218749,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a9f844e4b012c193aa3eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldous, A.","contributorId":105517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldous","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K. mkeith@usgs.gov","contributorId":4140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","email":"mkeith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Connor, James E. oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":138998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"James E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":589939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70144268,"text":"sir20155025 - 2015 - Physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition at site and mesohabitat scales over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011-12, summer 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:01:51","indexId":"sir20155025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5025","title":"Physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition at site and mesohabitat scales over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011-12, summer 2012","docAbstract":"<p>In winter 2011&ndash;12 and summer 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office in Albuquerque, New Mexico, evaluated the physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition of available mesohabitats over a range of streamflows at 15 sites on the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico. The fish assemblage of the Middle Rio Grande includes several minnow species adapted to hydrologically variable but seasonably predictable rivers, including the<i>Hybognathus amarus</i>&nbsp;(Rio Grande silvery minnow), a federally listed endangered species. Gaining a better understanding of habitat usage by the Rio Grande silvery minnow was the impetus for studying physical characteristics and fish assemblages in the Middle Rio Grande during different streamflow conditions. Data were collected at all 15 sites during winter 2011&ndash;12 (moderate streamflow), and a subset was collected at the 13 most downstream sites in summer 2012 (low streamflow). Sites were grouped into four river reaches separated by diversion dams listed in downstream order (names of the diversion dams are followed by short names of the sites nearest each dam in parentheses, listed in downstream order): (1) Cochiti (Pe&ntilde;a Blanca), (2) Angostura (Bernalillo, La Orilla, Barelas, Los Padillas), (3) Isleta (Los Lunas I, Los Lunas II, Abeytas, La Joya, Rio Salado), and (4) San Acacia (Lemitar, Arroyo del Tajo, San Pedro, Bosque del Apache I, and Bosque del Apache II). Stream habitat was mapped in the field by using a geographic information system in conjunction with a Global Positioning System. Fish assemblage composition was determined during both streamflow regimes, and fish were collected by seining in each mesohabitat where physical characteristic data (depth, velocity, dominant substrate type and size, and percent embeddedness) and water-quality properties (temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH; during summer 2012 only) were measured.</p>\n<p>Nineteen species of fish were collected among the 15 sites and four reaches over both sampling periods; 10 of these 19 species are introduced. Fish-species richness (total number of fish species collected at each site during each sampling event) among sites that were sampled during both sampling periods ranged from 6 at Rio Salado to 12 at La Orilla. Fish were most abundant at the Lemitar site (1,786 individuals) and least abundant at the San Pedro site (275 individuals). The native&nbsp;<i>Cyprinella lutrensis</i>&nbsp;(red shiner) was the most abundant species collected among all of the sites, accounting for about 42 percent of fish collected. Fish-species richness and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were higher (or equivalent) at all sites during summer 2012 compared to winter 2011&ndash;12.</p>\n<p>The relations between fish assemblage composition (that is, total abundance, which refers to the number of individuals of each species that were collected) and selected environmental variables (physical characteristic data collected at the mesohabitat scale [depth, velocity, and substrate particle size], and mesohabitat types) were explored by using canonical correspondence analysis. Environmental variables explained 8 percent (p=0.48) of the variability in the Middle Rio Grande fish assemblage during winter 2011&ndash;12, and Rio Grande silvery minnow were weakly associated with sand substrates, relatively moderate velocities (qualitative descriptors are derived from synthetic gradients extracted from CCAs), and relatively shallow depths. Environmental variables explained 14 percent (p &lt; 0.01) of the variability in the Middle Rio Grande fish assemblage during summer 2012, when Rio Grande silvery minnow were associated with run mesohabitats, relatively high velocities, sand substrates, and relatively moderate depths.</p>\n<p>The mean fish-species richness was greater in summer 2012 than in winter 2011&ndash;12 for each mesohabitat type, and the overall fish-species richness across all mesohabitat types was 0.62 during winter 2011&ndash;12, compared to 1.49 during summer 2012. The highest mean CPUE during winter 2011&ndash;12 was in isolated pools (54.3 fish per 100 square meters [m<sup>2</sup>]), whereas the lowest was in flats (18.9 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup>). Ranges in CPUE were higher in summer 2012 relative to winter 2011&ndash;12 in each mesohabitat type sampled. As in winter 2011&ndash;12, the highest mean CPUE during summer 2012 was in isolated pools (233 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup>), whereas the lowest was in flats (29.6 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup>). Overall mean CPUE per mesohabitat across all mesohabitat types was 29.1 fish per 100 m<sup>2&nbsp;</sup>during winter 2011&ndash;12 compared to 85.3 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;during summer 2012.</p>\n<p>Four species of minnows (red shiner, Rio Grande silvery minnow,&nbsp;<i>Pimephales promelas</i>&nbsp;[fathead minnow], and&nbsp;<i>Platygobio gracilis</i>[flathead chub]) were selected to compare preferred mesohabitat characteristics because all are small-bodied minnows and because more than 200 individuals of each of these species were collected. Red shiner were collected across the largest range of depths in both winter 2011&ndash;12 (0.02&ndash;4.31 feet [ft]) and summer 2012 (0.05&ndash;3.4 ft), as well as the largest range of velocities (0.0&ndash;4.31 feet per second [ft/s]) during winter 2011&ndash;12 among the four minnow species of interest. Rio Grande silvery minnow occurred in the narrowest range of depths (0.30&ndash;2.1 ft) during summer 2012, as well as the narrowest range of velocities in both winter 2011&ndash;12 (0.0&ndash;3.18 ft/s) and summer 2012 (0.02&ndash;1.51 ft/s).</p>\n<p>Water-quality properties were only collected during summer 2012, when low-streamflow conditions existed and water-quality properties were thought to be potentially most limiting to aquatic life. Area-weighted mean water temperatures tended to be higher at the sites that were sampled in August 2012 (25.57 degrees Celsius [&deg;C]) compared to June 2012 (24.61 &deg;C). The highest area-weighted mean water temperature at a given site (29.03 &deg;C) was measured at the Lemitar site on August 7, 2012, coincident with the lowest measured discharge (4.13 cubic feet per second [ft<sup>3</sup>/s]). Area-weighted mean dissolved oxygen concentrations tended to be lower in August (7.46 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) compared to June (8.33 mg/L). The highest area-weighted mean dissolved oxygen concentration (9.13 mg/L) was measured at the Lemitar site on August 7, 2012, and the lowest area-weighted mean dissolved oxygen concentration (6.23 mg/L) was measured at the Los Padillas site on August 10, 2012. Area-weighted specific conductance in the sites upstream from La Joya did not exceed 400 microsiemens per centimeter (&mu;S/cm) at 25 &deg;C, whereas the area-weighted mean specific conductance at La Joya (837 &mu;s/cm at 25 &deg;C), Rio Salado (857 &mu;s/cm at 25 &deg;C), and Lemitar (1,300 &mu;s/cm at 25 &deg;C) were all well above the average of the area-weighted means for the 10 remaining sites (433 &mu;s/cm at 25 &deg;C). Lower area-weighted mean pH values were measured at the 3 sites in and near Albuquerque (La Orilla, Barelas, and Los Padillas&mdash;7.98, 8.08, and 7.81, respectively) compared to any of the 10 remaining sites, which had an overall mean pH of 8.44.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Braun, C.L., Pearson, D., Porter, M., and Moring, J.B., 2015, Physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition at site and mesohabitat scales over a range of streamflows in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, winter 2011-12, summer 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5025, Report: viii, 90 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155025.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 90 p.; Downloads 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,{"id":70148417,"text":"ofr20151111 - 2015 - First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:37:02","indexId":"ofr20151111","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1111","title":"First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States has extensive, unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that are enriched in heavy minerals containing titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources. Areas favorable for exploration and development of these resources are being identified by geochemical data, which are supplemented with geological, geophysical, hydrological, and geographical data. The first steps of this analysis have been completed. The concentrations of lanthanum, yttrium, and titanium tend to decrease as distance from the Piedmont (which is the likely source of these resources) increases and are moderately correlated with airborne measurements of equivalent thorium concentration. The concentrations of lanthanum, yttrium, and titanium are relatively high in those watersheds that adjoin the Piedmont, south of the Cape Fear Arch. Although this relation suggests that the concentrations are related to the watersheds, it may be simply an independent regional trend. The concentration of zirconium is unrelated to the distance from the Piedmont, the equivalent thorium concentration, and the watershed. These findings establish a foundation for more sophisticated analyses using integrated spatial modeling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151111","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K.J., Van Gosen, B.S., Fey, D.L., Budahn, J.R., Smith, S.M., and Shah, A.K., 2015, First steps of integrated spatial modeling of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth element resources within the Coastal Plain sediments of the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1111, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151111.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","startPage":"40","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063270","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science 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,{"id":70148457,"text":"sir20155065 - 2015 - Dam failure analysis for the Lago de Matrullas Dam, Orocovis, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T08:41:07","indexId":"sir20155065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5065","title":"Dam failure analysis for the Lago de Matrullas Dam, Orocovis, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, completed a hydrologic and hydraulic study to assess the potential hazard to human life and property associated with the hypothetical failure of the Lago de Matrullas Dam, located within the headwaters of the R&iacute;o Grande de Manat&iacute;. The hydrologic study yielded outflow hydrographs and peak discharges for Lago de Matrullas and other subbasins in the R&iacute;o Grande de Manat&iacute; hydrographic basin for three extreme rainfall events: (1) a 6-hour probable maximum precipitation (PMP) event, (2) a 24-hour PMP event, and (3) a 100-year-recurrence, 24-hour rainfall event. The hydraulic study simulated the hypothetical dam failure of Lago de Matrullas using hypothetical flood hydrographs generated from the hydrologic study and selected dam breach parameters. The flood wave resulting from the failure was downstream-routed through the lower reaches of the R&iacute;o Matrullas, the R&iacute;o Toro Negro, and the R&iacute;o Grande de Manat&iacute; for determination of water-surface profiles developed from the event-based hydrologic scenarios and &ldquo;sunny day&rdquo; (no precipitation) conditions. The Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC&ndash;HMS) and the River Analysis System (HEC&ndash;RAS) computer programs, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, were used for the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, respectively. The flow routing in the hydraulic analyses was performed using the unsteady-state flow module available in the HEC&ndash;RAS model.</p>\n<p>At the Lago de Matrullas Dam, inflow peak discharges of about 1,104 and 1,032 cubic meters per second (m<sup>3</sup>/s) were estimated with HEC&ndash;HMS for the 6- and 24-hour PMP events, respectively. The 100-year recurrence, 24-hour rainfall event simulation resulted in a peak discharge of about 418 m<sup>3</sup>/s. For the hydrologic analysis, no dam failure conditions were considered with the model. The results of the hydrologic simulations indicated, however, that the dam would be overtopped by the simulated 6- and 24-hour PMP events. Unlike the 6- and 24-hour PMP events, no overtopping was observed during the simulated 100-year recurrence, 24-hour rainfall event.</p>\n<p>For the dam-breach hydraulic analysis, the hypothetical failures of the Lago de Matrullas Dam included two possible failure modes: overtopping and piping. Overtopping failure was evaluated in this study for the 6- and 24- hour probable-maximum-precipitation breach scenarios. Piping dam failure was simulated for sunny day conditions and for the 100-year-recurrence, 24-hour rainfall scenario.</p>\n<p>Results from the simulated dam failure of the Lago de Matrullas Dam using the HEC&ndash;RAS model for the 6- and 24-hour PMP events showed peak discharges at the dam of 3,149.33 and 3,604.70 m<sup>3</sup>/s, respectively. Dam failure during the 100-year-recurrence, 24-hour rainfall event resulted in a peak discharge of 2,103.12 m<sup>3</sup>/s directly downstream from the dam. Dam failure under sunny day conditions produced a peak discharge of 1,695.91 m<sup>3</sup>/s at the dam assuming the antecedent lake level was at the morning-glory spillway invert elevation. Flood-inundation maps prepared as part of the study depict the flood extent and provide valuable information for preparing an Emergency Action Plan. Results of the failure analysis indicate that a failure of the Lago de Matrullas Dam could cause flooding to many of the inhabited areas along stream banks from the Lago de Matrullas Dam to the mouth of the R&iacute;o Grande de Manat&iacute;. Among the areas most affected are the low-lying regions in the vicinity of the towns of Ciales, Manat&iacute;, and Barceloneta. The delineation of the flood boundaries near the town of Barceloneta considered the effects of a levee constructed during 2000 at Barceloneta in the flood plain of the R&iacute;o Grande de Manat&iacute; to provide protection against flooding to the near-by low-lying populated areas. The results showed overtopping can be expected in the aforementioned levee during 6- and 24-hour probable-maximum-precipitation dam failure scenarios. No overtopping of the levee was simulated, however, during dam failure scenarios under the 100-year recurrence, 24-hour rainfall event or sunny day conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority","usgsCitation":"Torres-Sierra, H., and Gómez-Fragoso, J., 2015, Dam failure analysis for the Lago de Matrullas Dam, Orocovis, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5065, Report: viii, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 30.0 x 35.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155065.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 54 p.; 4 Plates: 30.0 x 35.0 inches","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-023008","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science 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,{"id":70159691,"text":"70159691 - 2015 - Quantifying water flow and retention in an unsaturated fracture-facial domain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:04:04","indexId":"70159691","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quantifying water flow and retention in an unsaturated fracture-facial domain","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologically significant flow and storage of water occur in macropores and fractures that are only partially filled. To accommodate such processes in flow models, we propose a three-domain framework. Two of the domains correspond to water flow and water storage in a fracture-facial region, in addition to the third domain of matrix water. The fracture-facial region, typically within a fraction of a millimeter of the fracture wall, includes a flowing phase whose fullness is determined by the availability and flux of preferentially flowing water, and a static storage portion whose fullness is determined by the local matric potential. The flow domain can be modeled with the source-responsive preferential flow model, and the roughness-storage domain can be modeled with capillary relations applied on the fracture-facial area. The matrix domain is treated using traditional unsaturated flow theory. We tested the model with application to the hydrology of the Chalk formation in southern England, coherently linking hydrologic information including recharge estimates, streamflow, water table fluctuation, imaging by electron microscopy, and surface roughness. The quantitative consistency of the three-domain matrix-microcavity-film model with this body of diverse data supports the hypothesized distinctions and active mechanisms of the three domains and establishes the usefulness of this framework.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fluid dynamics in complex fractured-porous systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118877517.ch12","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., and Malek-Mohammadi, S., 2015, Quantifying water flow and retention in an unsaturated fracture-facial domain, chap. <i>of</i> Fluid dynamics in complex fractured-porous systems, p. 169-182, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118877517.ch12.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054366","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb5e4b07657d1a90d33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malek-Mohammadi, Siamak","contributorId":149944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malek-Mohammadi","given":"Siamak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17862,"text":"Bradley University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155002,"text":"70155002 - 2015 - Organic carbon burial in lakes and reservoirs of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:49:27","indexId":"70155002","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-10T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic carbon burial in lakes and reservoirs of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic carbon (OC) burial in lacustrine sediments represents an important sink in the global carbon cycle; however, large-scale OC burial rates are poorly constrained, primarily because of the sparseness of available data sets. Here we present an analysis of OC burial rates in water bodies of the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) that takes advantage of recently developed national-scale data sets on reservoir sedimentation rates, sediment OC concentrations, lake OC burial rates, and water body distributions. We relate these data to basin characteristics and land use in a geostatistical analysis to develop an empirical model of OC burial in water bodies of the CONUS. Our results indicate that CONUS water bodies sequester 20.8 (95% CI: 9.4&ndash;65.8) Tg C yr</span><span>&ndash;1</span><span>, and spatial patterns in OC burial are strongly influenced by water body type, size, and abundance; land use; and soil and vegetation characteristics in surrounding areas. Carbon burial is greatest in the central and southeastern regions of the CONUS, where cultivation and an abundance of small water bodies enhance accumulation of sediment and OC in aquatic environments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b00373","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., Stackpoole, S.M., Verdin, K.L., Butman, D.E., Zhu, Z., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Organic carbon burial in lakes and reservoirs of the conterminous United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 13, p. 7614-7622, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00373.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7614","endPage":"7622","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064948","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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 \"}}]}\n","volume":"49","issue":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b5e4b09a3b01b5dab1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b00373","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00373","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Clow David W., Stackpoole Sarah M., Verdin Kristine L., Butman David E., Zhu Zhiliang, Krabbenhoft David P., Striegl Robert G.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"7/7/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackpoole, Sarah M. 0000-0002-5876-4922 sstackpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-4922","contributorId":3784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"Sarah","email":"sstackpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, David E.","contributorId":145535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16142,"text":"School of Environmental and Forest Sciences & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189621,"text":"70189621 - 2015 - Surface monitoring of microseismicity at the Decatur, Illinois, CO2 sequestration demonstration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:25:10","indexId":"70189621","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface monitoring of microseismicity at the Decatur, Illinois, CO2 sequestration demonstration site","docAbstract":"<p>Sequestration of CO2 into subsurface reservoirs can play an important role in limiting future emission of CO2 into the atmosphere (e.g., Benson and Cole, 2008). For geologic sequestration to become a viable option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, large-volume injection of supercritical CO2 into deep sedimentary formations is required. These formations offer large pore volumes and good pore connectivity and are abundant (Bachu, 2003; U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resources Assessment Team, 2013). However, hazards associated with injection of CO2 into deep formations require evaluation before widespread sequestration can be adopted safely (Zoback and Gorelick, 2012). One of these hazards is the potential to induce seismicity on pre-existing faults or fractures. If these faults or fractures are large and critically stressed, seismic events can occur with magnitudes large enough to pose a hazard to surface installations and, possibly more critical, the seal integrity of the cap rock.</p><p>The Decatur, Illinois, carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration site is the first, and to date, only CCS project in the United States that injects a large volume of supercritical CO2 into a regionally extensive, undisturbed saline formation. The first phase of the Decatur CCS project was completed in November 2014 after injecting a million metric tons of supercritical CO2 over three years. This phase was led by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) and included seismic monitoring using deep borehole sensors, with a few sensors installed within the injection horizon. Although the deep borehole network provides a more comprehensive seismic catalog than is presented in this paper, these deep data are not publicly available. We contend that for monitoring induced microseismicity as a possible seismic hazard and to elucidate the general patterns of microseismicity, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) surface and shallow borehole network described below provides an adequate event detection threshold.</p><p>The formation targeted for injection is the Mount Simon Sandstone, which is laterally extensive, has high porosity and permeability and has the potential to host future CCS projects due to its favorable hydrologic characteristics and proximity to industrial sources of CO2 (Birkholzer and Zhou, 2009). At Decatur, CO2, a byproduct of ethanol production at the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) facility, is compressed to supercritical state and injected at 2.1 km depth into the 460 m thick Mount Simon Sandstone. This sandstone has varying properties, ranging from the lower, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with high permeability and porosity, to the middle and upper Mount Simon, which consist of planar, cross-bedded layers of varied permeability and porosity (Leetaru and Freiburg, 2014). The changes in permeability and porosity within the Mount Simon Sandstone, due to depositional and diagenetic differences, create horizontal baffles, which inhibit vertical flow and restrict the injected CO2 to remain near the injection horizon (Bowen et al., 2011). The lowest portion of the Mount Simon Sandstone overlying the Precambrian rhyolite basement is the Pre-Mount Simon interval, generally  &lt; 15 m in thickness and composed of fine- to medium-grain size sandstone that is highly deformed (Leetaru and Freiburg, 2014). The basement rhyolite has a clayrich matrix and is fractured, with significant alterations within the fractures. The primary sealing cap rock is the Eau Claire Formation, a 100–150 m thick unit at a depth of roughly 1.69 km (Leetaru and Freiburg, 2014). The Maquoketa Shale Group and the New Albany Shale serve as secondary and tertiary seals at shallower depths of ∼820 and ∼650 m, respectively.</p><p>The ISGS managed the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project (IBDP), a three-year project beginning in November 2011, during which carbon dioxide was injected at a rate of ∼1000 metric tons per day until November 2014 (Finley et al., 2011, 2013). ADM manages the Illinois Industrial CCS (ICCS) project, which will inject ∼3000 metric tons/day into a second injection well starting in the summer of 2015.</p><p>The USGS began monitoring microseismicity with a 13- station seismic network at Decatur in July 2013 (Fig. 1). This network provides good detection capabilities and azimuthal (focal sphere) coverage for microseismicity with moment magnitudes (Mw) above about −0:5. Here, we report on 19 months of microseismicity monitoring at the Decatur CO2 sequestration site, which permits a detailed look at the evolution and character of injection-induced seismicity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150062","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., McGarr, A.F., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2015, Surface monitoring of microseismicity at the Decatur, Illinois, CO2 sequestration demonstration site: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 4, p. 1096-1101, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150062.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"1096","endPage":"1101","ipdsId":"IP-064149","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Decatur","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.09088134765625,\n              39.706130149279325\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.78326416015625,\n              39.706130149279325\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.78326416015625,\n              39.9634381223102\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09088134765625,\n              39.9634381223102\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09088134765625,\n              39.706130149279325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fb9e4b0d1f9f065a8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148471,"text":"sir20155045 - 2015 - Hydrologic model of the Modesto Region, California, 1960-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-09T08:50:49","indexId":"sir20155045","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-09T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5045","title":"Hydrologic model of the Modesto Region, California, 1960-2004","docAbstract":"<p>Strategies for managing water supplies and groundwater quality in the Modesto region of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, are being formulated and evaluated by the Stanislaus and Tuolumne Rivers Groundwater Basin Association. Management issues and goals in the basin include an area in the lower part of the basin that requires drainage of the shallow water table to sustain agriculture, intra- and inter-basin migration of poor-quality groundwater, and efficient management of surface and groundwater supplies. To aid in the evaluation of water-management strategies, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Stanislaus and Tuolumne Rivers Groundwater Basin Association have developed a hydrologic model that simulates monthly groundwater and surface-water flow as governed by aquifer-system properties, annual and seasonal variations in climate, surface-water flow and availability, water use, and land use. The model was constructed by using the U.S. Geological Survey groundwater-modeling software MODFLOW-OWHM with the Farm Process.</p>\n<p>Available measurements of groundwater pumped for municipal, irrigation, and drainage purposes are specified in the model, as are deliveries of surface water. Private irrigation pumping and recharge associated with agricultural land use were estimated by using the Farm Process in MODFLOW-OWHM, which simulates landscape processes associated with irrigated agriculture and other land uses. The distribution of hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer system was constrained by using data from more than 3,500 drillers' logs. The model was calibrated to 4,061 measured groundwater levels in 109 wells and 2,739 mean monthly surface-water flows measured at 6 streamgages during 1960-2004 by using a semi-automated method of parameter estimation.</p>\n<p>The model fit to groundwater levels was good, with an absolute mean residual of 0.8 feet; 74 percent of simulated heads were within 10 feet of those observed. The model fit to streamflow was biased low, but reasonable overall; the absolute mean residual of streamflow was 780 cubic feet per second, and 68 percent of simulated streamflows were within 500 cubic feet per second of observed. Hydrographs both of groundwater levels and streamflow indicated overall an acceptable fit to observed trends.</p>\n<p>Simulated private agricultural pumpage ranged from about 780,000 to 1,380,000 acre-feet per year and averaged about 1,000,000 acre-feet per year from 1960 to 2004. Simulated deep percolation, or groundwater recharge from precipitation and irrigation, varied with climate and land use from about 1,100,000 to 1,700,000 acre-feet per year, averaging 1,360,000 acre-feet per year. Key limitations of the model with respect to estimating these large components of the water budget are the uncertainty associated with actual irrigation deliveries and irrigation efficiencies and the lack of metered data for private agricultural groundwater pumping. Different assumptions with respect to irrigation deliveries and efficiencies, and other model input, would result in different estimates of private agricultural groundwater use.</p>\n<p>The simulated exchange between groundwater and surface water was a small percentage of streamflow, typically ranging within a loss or gain of about 2 cubic feet per second per mile. 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