In 2010, Utah Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Division of Water Quality (UDWQ, 2010) determined that water quality in Pariette Draw was in violation of Federal and State water quality criteria for total dissolved solids (TDS), selenium (Se), and boron (B). The measure of total dissolved solids is the sum of all the major ion concentrations in solution and in this case, the dominant ions are sodium (Na) and sulfate (SO4), which can form salts like thenardite (Na2SO4) and mirabilite (Na2SO4⋅H2O). The Utah Department of Environmental Quality (2010) classified the contamination as natural background and from nonpoint sources related to regional lithology and irrigation practices. Although the daily loads of the constituents of concern and water chemistry have been characterized for parts of the watershed, little is known about the controls that bedrock and soil mineralogy have on salt, Se, and B storage and the water-rock interactions that influence the mobility of these components in ground and surface waters. Studies in the Uncompahgre River watershed in Colorado by Tuttle and others (2014a, 2014b) show that salt derived from weathering of shale in a semiarid climate is stored in a variety of minerals that contribute solutes to runoff and surface waters based on a complex set of conditions such as water availability, geomorphic position (for example, topography controls the depth of salt accumulation in soils), water-table fluctuations, redox conditions, mineral dissolution kinetics, ion-exchange reactions, and secondary mineral formation. Elements like Se and B commonly reside in soluble salt phases, so knowledge of the behavior of salt minerals also sheds light on the behavior of associated contaminants.
\nThe goal of this study was to establish a process-based understanding of salt, Se, and B behavior to address whether these contaminants can be better managed, or if uncontrollable natural processes will overwhelm any attempts to bring Pariette Draw into compliance with respect to recently established total maximum daily limits (TMDLs). We collected data to refine our knowledge about the role of rock weathering and soil formation in the transport and storage of salt in the watershed and to show how salt is cycled under irrigated and natural conditions. Our approach was to sample rock, soils, and sediment on irrigated and natural terrain for mineralogical analysis to determine the residence of salt and associated Se and B, classify minerals as primary (related to rock formation) or secondary weathering products, and characterize mineral dissolution kinetics. Mineral and chemical analyses and selective extractions of rocks and soils provide useful information in understanding solute movement and mineral dissolution/ formation. The resulting data are critical in determining residence of salt, Se, and B in weathered rock and soil and understanding the mobility during water-rock-soil interactions. This report summarizes our methods for sample and data collection and tabulates the mineral, chemical, and isotopic data collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151132","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program, prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation, Bureau of Land Management, and Utah Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Morrison, J.M., Tuttle, M.L.W., and Fahy, J.W., 2015, Results of mineral, chemical, and sulfate isotopic analyses\nof water, soil, rocks, and soil extracts from the Pariette Draw Watershed, Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey\nOpen-File Report 2015–1132, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151132.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 9 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060327","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306414,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1132/downloads","text":"Appendix Tables","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1132 Appendix Tables"},{"id":306413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1132/ofr20151132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1132"},{"id":306412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1132/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.18188476562499,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -110.18188476562499,\n 40.12429084831405\n ],\n [\n -109.434814453125,\n 40.12429084831405\n ],\n [\n -109.434814453125,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -110.18188476562499,\n 39.825413103424786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 964
Denver, CO 80225
http://crustal.usgs.gov/
Isolated patches of native vegetation in human-modified landscapes are important reservoirs of biological diversity because they may be the only places in which rare or native species can persist. Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia, is an island embedded in a matrix of intensively modified lands; it is becoming increasingly isolated due to growth of the greater Washington, D.C. area. A series of cliffs along Bull Run support an eastern white pine community disjunct from its more typical range in the Appalachian Mountains. Cliffs frequently support vegetation communities that differ from surrounding habitat. In this ecological context, the cliffs along Bull Run are islands of specialized habitat within an island of natural and semi-natural communities (the park), surrounded by a human-dominated landscape. A floral survey of these cliffs was a top priority identified by the National Park Service National Capital Region via the National Resource Preservation Program; in 2014, we completed a floral survey of 11 cliffs in the park. We recorded 282 species in 194 genera and 83 families, including 23 newly documented species for the park.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds940","usgsCitation":"Stroh, E.D., Struckhoff, M.A., and Grabner, K.W., 2015, A floral survey of cliff habitats along Bull Run at Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 940, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds940.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Database; ReadMe","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-063929","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306469,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/ReadMe.txt","text":"ReadMe File","size":"5.47 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":306409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306410,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/ds940.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 940"},{"id":306411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7NS0RXN","text":"Manassas Bluff Flora Database"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run, Manassas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.62424468994139,\n 38.79369731838258\n ],\n [\n -77.61566162109375,\n 38.80654039080489\n ],\n [\n -77.60948181152344,\n 38.819916129801314\n ],\n [\n -77.60261535644531,\n 38.830614912420565\n ],\n [\n -77.59471893310547,\n 38.849066533608884\n ],\n [\n -77.58956909179688,\n 38.85414657465764\n ],\n [\n -77.58922576904297,\n 38.86083028642411\n ],\n [\n -77.57377624511719,\n 38.85708748522446\n ],\n [\n -77.57068634033203,\n 38.85468129471517\n ],\n [\n -77.552490234375,\n 38.850938169890064\n ],\n [\n -77.54528045654297,\n 38.84505571861154\n ],\n [\n -77.53429412841797,\n 38.841579496043266\n ],\n [\n -77.52399444580078,\n 38.83837052447013\n ],\n [\n -77.50991821289062,\n 38.84345132929943\n ],\n [\n -77.50373840332031,\n 38.83837052447013\n ],\n [\n -77.50099182128906,\n 38.833556795784745\n ],\n [\n -77.50614166259766,\n 38.83034746244922\n ],\n [\n -77.50030517578125,\n 38.82473078093276\n ],\n [\n -77.50133514404297,\n 38.81777618035695\n ],\n [\n -77.4972152709961,\n 38.81536866036827\n ],\n [\n -77.48451232910156,\n 38.81028585091164\n ],\n [\n -77.486572265625,\n 38.80225962384825\n ],\n [\n -77.48485565185547,\n 38.79931644737651\n ],\n [\n -77.47318267822266,\n 38.80225962384825\n ],\n [\n -77.48846054077148,\n 38.79543661993626\n ],\n [\n -77.51644134521484,\n 38.79008478723166\n ],\n [\n -77.5224494934082,\n 38.79704209139086\n ],\n [\n -77.53961563110352,\n 38.793831112316646\n ],\n [\n -77.54631042480467,\n 38.791556581282244\n ],\n [\n -77.54287719726562,\n 38.783795870358176\n ],\n [\n -77.57240295410156,\n 38.77710492428489\n ],\n [\n -77.62046813964844,\n 38.77041335043523\n ],\n [\n -77.62424468994139,\n 38.79369731838258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bodega Head map area is located in northern California, about 70 km north of San Francisco and about 80 km south of Point Arena. The onshore part of the map area is largely undeveloped, used primarily for recreation, farms and ranches, and a few wineries. The small town of Bodega Bay, located on the east side of Bodega Harbor, is the largest cultural center. Bodega Harbor is an important commercial fishing base and, in season, an active sport fishing and recreation harbor. Much of the coastline from Bodega Head north to about 6 km north of the Russian River is part of Sonoma Coast State Park. The Offshore of Bodega Head map area includes two California Marine Protected Areas, the Bodega Head State Marine Reserve and the northern part of the Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area. Additionally, the inland parts of two large estuaries in the map area, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, have been designated as State Marine Recreational Management Areas.
\nThe map area is cut by the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, the right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. This fault juxtaposes rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex on the northeast with Cretaceous granitic rocks on the southwest, and it has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 25 mm/yr in this area. The devastating great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault offshore of San Francisco, about 80 km south of Bodega Head, with the rupture extending northward through the Offshore of Bodega Head map area and an additional 220 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nNorth of the mouth of Salmon Creek, the coast and shoreline are rugged and scenic, characterized by flights of uplifted marine terraces, rocky promontories, nearshore sea stacks, kelp-rich coves, and both pocket beaches and longer beach strands, the latter of which include Wrights Beach and Portuguese Beach. The coast has lower relief between the mouth of Salmon Creek and Mussel Point, where South Salmon Creek Beach is backed by a large (about 4 km2) complex of coastal sand dunes. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived by southward littoral drift from the Russian River, Salmon Creek, and smaller coastal watersheds. The sediment is trapped by protruding bedrock at Mussel Point, which represents the south end of the Russian River littoral cell.
\nBodega Head is underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks, and its shoreline is variously characterized by relatively low-lying terraces, steep and high bluffs, and a few pocket beaches. East of Bodega Head, Doran Beach (part of Doran Regional Park) is a 1.7-km-long sand spit that forms the north boundary of Bodega Bay and the south boundary of Bodega Harbor. The coast south of Doran Beach on the east flank of Bodega Bay is composed of rocky bluffs, hummocky marine terraces, and a few small pocket beaches. The bluffs are underlain by sheared rocks of the Franciscan Complex and are highly susceptible to landslides. This section of coast includes two prominent watersheds, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, which drain westward into Bodega Bay.
\nThe offshore part of the Offshore of Bodega Head map area is characterized by an extensive, rugged and rocky shelf underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks. This rocky terrain, centered offshore of Bodega Head, extends northwestward for about 15 km, from the south edge of the map area (where it forms the west boundary of Bodega Bay) to the northern-central part of the map area offshore of the mouth of Salmon Creek. This rocky seafloor reaches water depths of 40 to 80 m and is overlain by young sediment.
\nCirculation over the shelf and seafloor in the map area (and in the broader central California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern boundary current of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. Persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent during the fall and winter, causing the California Current to move farther offshore so that the shelf is affected by the Davidson Current, a weaker northward-flowing countercurrent. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf is commonly southeastward during the spring and summer and northwestward during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the northern California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes: the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March). During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, whereas local wind waves are most common from October to April.
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Bodega Head map area include unconsolidated continental-shelf sediments, mixed continental-shelf substrate, and hard continental-shelf substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Bodega Head, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1140, pamphlet 39 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151140.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; 10 Plates: 46.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055943","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399007,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102290.htm"},{"id":306403,"rank":19,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306402,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1114/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1114","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1114","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Point Reyes and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306401,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1098/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1098","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1098","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Salt Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":306400,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1088","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1088","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Tomales Point, California, by Samuel Y. Johnson and others."},{"id":306399,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306416,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":306398,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":306397,"rank":12,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBodegaHead/data_catalog_OffshoreBodegaHead.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Bodega Head, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog (Data Series 781). Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306396,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":306395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":306394,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306388,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":306386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1140 Pamphlet"},{"id":306393,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, and Erik N . Lowe"},{"id":306392,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":306391,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306390,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bodega Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and partners in other Federal and State agencies are working collaboratively toward Statewide coverage of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) elevation data in Alaska. These data will provide many benefits to a wide range of stakeholders and users. Some applications include development of more accurate and highly detailed topographic maps; improvement of surface water information included in the National Hydrography (NHD) and Watershed Boundary Datasets (WBDs); and use in scientific modeling applications such as calculating glacier surface elevation differences over time and estimating tsunami inundation areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153051","usgsCitation":"Craun, K.J., 2015, Mapping benefits from updated ifsar data in Alaska—Improved source data enables better maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015–3051, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20153051.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067048","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3051/fs20153051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2015-3051"},{"id":306438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3051/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401-2602
http://ngtoc.usgs.gov/
Large research studies are often challenged to effectively expose and document the types of information being collected and the reasons for data collection across what are often a diverse cadre of investigators of differing disciplines. We applied concepts from the field of information or data modeling to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Changing Arctic Ecosystems (CAE) initiative to prototype an application of information modeling. The USGS CAE initiative is collecting information from marine and terrestrial environments in Alaska to identify and understand the links between rapid physical changes in the Arctic and response of wildlife populations to these ecosystem changes. An associated need is to understand how data collection strategies are informing the overall science initiative and facilitating communication of those strategies to a wide audience. We explored the use of conceptual data modeling to provide a method by which to document, describe, and visually communicate both enterprise and study level data; provide a simple means to analyze commonalities and differences in data acquisition strategies between studies; and provide a tool for discussing those strategies among researchers and managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151148","collaboration":"Science to Support the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative","usgsCitation":"Walworth, Dennis, and Pearce, J.M., 2015, Conceptual data modeling of wildlife response indicators to\necosystem change in the Arctic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1148, 28 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151148.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053898","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1148/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1148/ofr20151148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1148 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 62.3903694381427\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -144.84375,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -144.84375,\n 62.3903694381427\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 62.3903694381427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
http://alaska.usgs.gov
Annual peak-flow frequency data from 231 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in North Dakota and parts of Montana, South Dakota, and Minnesota, with 10 or more years of unregulated peak-flow record, were used to develop regional regression equations for exceedance probabilities of 0.5, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002 using generalized least-squares techniques. Updated peak-flow frequency estimates for 262 streamflow-gaging stations were developed using data through 2009 and log-Pearson Type III procedures outlined by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. An average generalized skew coefficient was determined for three hydrologic zones in North Dakota. A StreamStats web application was developed to estimate basin characteristics for the regional regression equation analysis. Methods for estimating a weighted peak-flow frequency for gaged sites and ungaged sites are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commision, the North Dakota Department of Transportation, the North Dakota Department of Health, the Red River Joint Water Resources Board, and the Devils Lake Basin Joint Water Resource Board","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, Tara, 2015, Regional regression equations to estimate peak-flow frequency at sites in North Dakota using data through 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5096, 12 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155096.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 4 Tables","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057778","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/sir20155096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5096"},{"id":306456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/downloads","text":"Tables 1 and 4","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5096 Tables 1 and 4"},{"id":306454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -96.78955078125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 45.920587344733654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, North Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, North Dakota 58503
http://nd.water.usgs.gov/
Stream-channel cross-section survey data are a fundamental component to studies of fluvial geomorphology. Such data provide important parameters required by many open-channel flow models, sediment-transport equations, sediment-budget computations, and flood-hazard assessments. At Mount St. Helens, Washington, the long-term response of channels to the May 18, 1980, eruption, which dramatically altered the hydrogeomorphic regime of several drainages, is documented by an exceptional time series of repeat stream-channel cross-section surveys. More than 300 cross sections, most established shortly following the eruption, represent more than 100 kilometers of surveyed topography. Although selected cross sections have been published previously in print form, we present a comprehensive digital database that includes geospatial and tabular data. Furthermore, survey data are referenced to a common geographic projection and to common datums. Database design, maintenance, and data dissemination are accomplished through a geographic information system (GIS) platform, which integrates survey data acquired with theodolite, total station, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) instrumentation. Users can interactively perform advanced queries and geospatial time-series analysis. An accuracy assessment provides users the ability to quantify uncertainty within these data. At the time of publication, this project is ongoing. Regular database updates are expected; users are advised to confirm they are using the latest version.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds951","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Major, J.J., Saunders, D.R., Christianson, T.S., and Kingsbury, C.G., 2015, Digital database of channel cross-section surveys, Mount St. Helens, Washington (ver. 1.1, April 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 951, 9 p. and supplemental data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds951.","productDescription":"Report: v, 9 p.; Metadata; ReadMe; Spatial Data; Version History","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058438","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306477,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/ds951.zip","text":"Digital cross-section data","size":"9.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Data include geospatial and tabular files (_.shp, _.lyr, _.xls, _.jpg) as well as an ArcGIS Published Map file (_.pmf)"},{"id":306475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/1_readme.txt","text":"README","size":"4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"README file"},{"id":306474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/ds951v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 951 Version 1.1"},{"id":353588,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/versionHist.txt","description":"Version History"},{"id":306476,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/fgdc_metadata.txt","text":"FGDC Metadata","size":"14 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FGDC compliant metadata file for the ESRI shapefiles"},{"id":306473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0951/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 46.069419674968536\n ],\n [\n -121.91390991210938,\n 46.144637225509136\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 46.1893382140708\n ],\n [\n -121.90841674804686,\n 46.2397021362749\n ],\n [\n -121.95785522460936,\n 46.28432584258847\n ],\n [\n -122.05123901367186,\n 46.32891323009468\n ],\n [\n -122.08831787109375,\n 46.391464001559086\n ],\n [\n -122.14187622070311,\n 46.39904104733026\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 46.45394316729876\n ],\n [\n -122.26821899414061,\n 46.45772748219606\n ],\n [\n -122.35610961914062,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 46.49650154751426\n ],\n [\n -122.44537353515625,\n 46.524855311033434\n ],\n [\n -122.50991821289062,\n 46.53619267489863\n ],\n [\n -122.53463745117186,\n 46.52013071095869\n ],\n [\n -122.56484985351561,\n 46.497446911273606\n ],\n [\n -122.59780883789061,\n 46.494610770689384\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 46.48704700597017\n ],\n [\n -122.71865844726561,\n 46.47191632087041\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 46.428392162921234\n ],\n [\n -122.89581298828125,\n 46.41892578708076\n ],\n [\n -123.0084228515625,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -123.05511474609375,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -123.0743408203125,\n 46.322274857040235\n ],\n [\n -123.04962158203124,\n 46.27673288302042\n ],\n [\n -122.96722412109374,\n 46.22735299655779\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 46.231153027822046\n ],\n [\n -122.76397705078124,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -122.55249023437501,\n 46.115133713265415\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 46.117037642576875\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 46.08085173686787\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 46.069419674968536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally released August 6, 2015; Version 1.1: April 18, 2018","contact":"Contact CVO
Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Ste 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
Recent advances in fluorometry have led to increased use of rhodamine WT as a tracer in streams and rivers. In light of this increased use, a review of the dye's behavior in freshwater systems is presented. Studies in the groundwater literature indicate that rhodamine WT is transported nonconservatively, with sorption removing substantial amounts of tracer mass. Column studies document a two-step breakthrough curve in which two structural isomers are chromatographically separated. Although the potential for nonconservative transport is acknowledged in the surface water literature, many studies assume that sorptive losses will not affect the characterization of physical transport processes. A literature review and modeling analysis indicates that this assumption is valid for quantification of physical properties that are based on the bulk of the tracer mass (traveltime), and invalid for the characterization of processes represented by the tracer tail (transient storage attributable to hyporheic exchange). Rhodamine WT should be considered nonconservative in the hyporheic zone due to nonconservative behavior demonstrated for similar conditions in groundwater. As such, rhodamine WT should not be used as a quantitative tracer in hyporheic zone investigations, including the study of long flow paths and the development of models describing hyporheic zone processes. Rhodamine WT may be used to qualitatively characterize storage in large systems, where there are few practical alternatives. Qualitative investigations should rely on early portions of the tracer profile, making use of the temporal resolution afforded by in situ fluorometry, while discarding later parts of the tracer profile that are adversely affected by sorption.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017201","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., 2015, On the use of rhodamine WT for the characterization of stream hydrodynamics and transient storage: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 8, p. 6125-6142, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017201.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"6125","endPage":"6142","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064798","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560faacce4b0ba4884c5eec7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017201","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017201","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Runkel Robert L.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"8/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155939,"text":"ofr20151135 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Bolinas, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T21:21:57.757128","indexId":"ofr20151135","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1135","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Bolinas, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific Coast of Marin County about 10 kilometers north of the Golden Gate. The town of Bolinas, named after a local indigenous tribe, is the largest population center along this section of coast, with a population of approximately 1,600 people. Bolinas is situated at the end of a southeast-trending terrain on the west side of the San Andreas Fault that also protects a natural harbor. The harbor lies in Bolinas Lagoon, which is separated from Bolinas Bay by a spit. The coastal lands within the Offshore of Bolinas map area lie entirely within the Point Reyes National Seashore, which limits development and allows existing ranching and farming to continue.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area lies offshore of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges, which lie east of, and are roughly parallel to, the San Andreas Fault Zone. The western margin of North America is the only continental margin in the world delineated largely by transform faults such as the San Andreas Fault. The coastal geomorphology is controlled by late Pleistocene to Holocene slip along the fault. Bolinas Bay and Lagoon have formed where a regional depression along the fault zone intersects the coast. A northward bend in the San Andreas Fault to the north, combined with right-lateral movement, has caused regional extension and the formation of a sediment basin on the continental shelf in, and southeast of, Bolinas Bay.
\nWith the exception of the area adjacent to Bolinas Bay, the coast in the map area consists of high coastal bluffs and vertical sea cliffs. The uplifted headland upon which the town of Bolinas is situated is part of a larger uplifted area that includes exposed bedrock offshore. Uplift in this map area has resulted in relatively shallow depths within California’s State Waters (0 to 40 m) and, thus, little accommodation space for sediment accumulation. Sediment is found in the extensional basin southeast of Bolinas, as well as on the shelf offshore of uplifted coastal areas, where, within California’s State Waters, depths can exceed 40 m. Wave energy keeps the uplifted bedrock areas clear of sediment, and rippled sediment in the outer shelf indicates some mobility.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the Offshore of Bolinas map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from ephemeral streams and local coastal erosion. Beyond California’s State Waters, canyons that incise the slope have been disconnected from coastal streams by rising sea level, which has risen about 125 m since the lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the map area, no major submarine canyons extend up past the shelf break and into the nearshore to receive littoral drift. The coastline in the map area is characterized as high risk because of its steep cliffs and large-scale landsliding. The sand spit that separates Bolinas Lagoon from Bolinas Bay is highly developed, and its homes are at risk during storms, especially those from the south.
\nThe benthic species observed in the Offshore of Bolinas map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone named either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 425 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off central California has seen a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Bolinas map area, which lies within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from, in the nearshore, sandy seafloor in the southeast and significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities in the northwest to, in deeper water, rocky-reef communities. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock in the northeast supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of greenling and rockfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151135","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Manson, M.W., Sliter, R.W., Endris, C.A., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., Kvitek, R.G., Phillips, E.L., Bruns, T.R., and Chin, J.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Bolinas, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1135, pamphlet 36 p., 10 sheets, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151135.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 46 inches x 36 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052392","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399008,"rank":21,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_102261.htm"},{"id":306377,"rank":19,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1041","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California, by Janet T. Watt and others."},{"id":306376,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1068","description":"Open-File Report 2015–1068","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Francisco, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306375,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1260","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pacifica, California, by Brian D. Edwards and others."},{"id":306371,"rank":12,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBolinas/data_catalog_OffshoreBolinas.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Bolinas, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306366,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":306364,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":306363,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306362,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306361,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306369,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bolinas Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Bolinas to Pescadero) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Ray W. Sliter, Janet T. Watt, Eleyne L. Phillips, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306367,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":306368,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Terry R. Bruns, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306365,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306378,"rank":20,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306372,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Metadata"},{"id":306370,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, H. Gary Greene, Michael W. Manson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Charles A. Endris, and Janet T. Watt"},{"id":306374,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306373,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1135 Pamphlet"},{"id":306415,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Bolinas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-015-2380-4","usgsCitation":"Myrick, C.A., and Stapanian, M.A., 2015, Ecology, culture, and management of Burbot: an introduction: Hydrobiologia, v. 757, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2380-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066241","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2380-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"757","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a5e4b033ef52106a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myrick, Christopher A.","contributorId":78559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myrick","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155172,"text":"70155172 - 2015 - Distribution of near-surface permafrost in Alaska: estimates of present and future conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T09:59:27","indexId":"70155172","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of near-surface permafrost in Alaska: estimates of present and future conditions","docAbstract":"High-latitude regions are experiencing rapid and extensive changes in ecosystem composition and function as the result of increases in average air temperature. Increasing air temperatures have led to widespread thawing and degradation of permafrost, which in turn has affected ecosystems, socioeconomics, and the carbon cycle of high latitudes. Here we overcome complex interactions among surface and subsurface conditions to map nearsurface permafrost through decision and regression tree approaches that statistically and spatially extend field observations using remotely sensed imagery, climatic data, and thematic maps of a wide range of surface and subsurface biophysical characteristics. The data fusion approach generated medium-resolution (30-m pixels) maps of near-surface (within 1 m) permafrost, active-layer thickness, and associated uncertainty estimates throughout mainland Alaska. Our calibrated models (overall test accuracy of ~85%) were used to quantify changes in permafrost distribution under varying future climate scenarios assuming no other changes in biophysical factors. Models indicate that near-surface permafrost underlies 38% of mainland Alaska and that near-surface permafrost will disappear on 16 to 24% of the landscape by the end of the 21st Century. Simulations suggest that near-surface permafrost degradation is more probable in central regions of Alaska than more northerly regions. Taken together, these results have obvious implications for potential remobilization of frozen soil carbon pools under warmer temperatures. Additionally, warmer and drier conditions may increase fire activity and severity, which may exacerbate rates of permafrost thaw and carbon remobilization relative to climate alone. The mapping of permafrost distribution across Alaska is important for land-use planning, environmental assessments, and a wide-array of geophysical studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019","usgsCitation":"Pastick, N.J., Jorgenson, M., Wylie, B.K., Nield, S.J., Johnson, K.D., and Finley, A., 2015, Distribution of near-surface permafrost in Alaska: estimates of present and future conditions: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 168, p. 301-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066157","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 69.7485511291223\n ],\n [\n -142.9541015625,\n 70.1403642720717\n ],\n [\n -156.6650390625,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -162.2900390625,\n 70.42207856801004\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -167.5634765625,\n 68.25311055665718\n ],\n [\n -168.662109375,\n 65.58572002329473\n ],\n [\n -166.3330078125,\n 60.65164736580915\n ],\n [\n -162.24609375,\n 58.309488840677645\n ],\n [\n -158.642578125,\n 57.89149735271031\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 54.80068486732233\n ],\n [\n -164.70703125,\n 53.80065082633023\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 57.040729838360875\n ],\n [\n -154.0283203125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -151.1279296875,\n 57.7041472343419\n ],\n [\n -150.46875,\n 59.28833169203345\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 60.08676274626006\n ],\n [\n -141.7236328125,\n 59.55659188568175\n ],\n [\n -137.5927734375,\n 58.0546319113729\n ],\n [\n -132.2314453125,\n 53.72271667491848\n ],\n [\n -129.0234375,\n 55.60317816902704\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -137.3291015625,\n 59.24341475839977\n ],\n [\n -138.8671875,\n 60.392147922518845\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 60.43554230669233\n ],\n [\n -140.9326171875,\n 69.7485511291223\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a5e4b033ef52106a63","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.019","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Pastick Neal J., Jorgenson M. Torre, Wylie Bruce K., Nield Shawn J., Johnson Kristofer D., Finley Andrew O.","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"10/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pastick, Neal J. 0000-0002-8169-3018 njpastick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-3018","contributorId":4785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastick","given":"Neal","email":"njpastick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":34848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nield, Shawn J.","contributorId":145680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nield","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16195,"text":"Natural Resource Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kristofer D.","contributorId":81027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kristofer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155226,"text":"70155226 - 2015 - Changing migratory patterns in the Jackson elk herd","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:51:50","indexId":"70155226","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing migratory patterns in the Jackson elk herd","docAbstract":"Migratory behavior in ungulates has declined globally and understanding the causative factors (environmental change vs. human mediated) is needed to formulate effective management strategies. In the Jackson elk herd of northwest Wyoming, demographic differences between summer elk (Cervus elaphus) population segments have led to changes in migratory patterns over a 35-year time period. The proportion of short-distance migrants (SDM) has increased and the proportion of long-distance migrants (LDM) has concurrently declined. The probability of winter-captured elk on the National Elk Refuge being LDM decreased from 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97–1.00) to 0.59 (95% CI = 0.47–0.70) from 1978 to 2012. We tested 4 hypotheses that could contribute toward the decline in the LDM segment: behavioral switching from LDM to SDM, differential survival, harvest availability, and calf recruitment. Switching rates from LDM to SDM were very low (0.2% each elk-year). Survival rates were similar between LDM and SDM, although harvest availability was relatively low for SDM that tended to use areas close to human development during the hunting season. Average summer calf/cow ratios of LDM declined from 42 to 23 calves per 100 cows from 1978–1984 to 2006–2012. Further, during 2006–2012, LDM summer calf/cow ratios were less than half of SDM (23 vs. 47 calves per 100 cows). Our data suggest recruitment is the driving factor behind the declining proportion of LDM in this region. Effectiveness of altering harvest management strategies to conserve the LDM portion of the Jackson elk herd may be limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.917","usgsCitation":"Cole, E., Foley, A.M., Warren, J.M., Smith, B.L., Dewey, S., Brimeyer, D.G., Fairbanks, W.S., Sawyer, H., and Cross, P.C., 2015, Changing migratory patterns in the Jackson elk herd: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 6, p. 877-886, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.917.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"886","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059812","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.65820178455667\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 42.65820178455667\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.65820178455667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a0e4b033ef52106a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Eric K. 0000-0002-2229-5853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5853","contributorId":145755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[{"id":16228,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Aaron M. afoley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Aaron","email":"afoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":16297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Bruce L.","contributorId":145756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16228,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dewey, Sarah","contributorId":145757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dewey","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":16229,"text":"National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, PO Drawer 170, Moose, WY 83012 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brimeyer, Douglas G.","contributorId":20637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brimeyer","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fairbanks, W. Sue","contributorId":145758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[{"id":16230,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, 339 Science Hall II, Ames, Iowa 50011","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70155200,"text":"70155200 - 2015 - Effects of land use on greenhouse gas fluxes and soil properties of wetland catchments in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T10:49:35","indexId":"70155200","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of land use on greenhouse gas fluxes and soil properties of wetland catchments in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America","docAbstract":"Wetland restoration has been suggested as policy goal with multiple environmental benefits including enhancement of atmospheric carbon sequestration. However, there are concerns that increased methane (CH4) emissions associated with restoration may outweigh potential benefits. A comprehensive, 4-year study of 119 wetland catchments was conducted in the Prairie Pothole Region of the north-central U.S. to assess the effects of land use on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and soil properties.
\nResults showed that the effects of land use on GHG fluxes and abiotic soil properties differed with respect to catchment zone (upland, wetland), wetland classification, geographic location, and year. Mean CH4 fluxes from the uplands were predictably low (< 0.02 g CH4 m− 2 day− 1), while wetland zone CH4 fluxes were much greater (< 0.001–3.9 g CH4 m− 2 day− 1). Mean cumulative seasonal CH4 fluxes ranged from roughly 0–650 g CH4 m− 2, with an overall mean of approximately 160 g CH4 m− 2. These maximum cumulative CH4 fluxes were nearly 3 times as high as previously reported in North America. The overall magnitude and variability of N2O fluxes from this study (< 0.0001–0.0023 g N2O m− 2 day− 1) were comparable to previously reported values.
\nResults suggest that soil organic carbon is lost when relatively undisturbed catchments are converted for agriculture, and that when non-drained cropland catchments are restored, CH4 fluxes generally are not different than the pre-restoration baseline. Conversely, when drained cropland catchments are restored, CH4 fluxes are noticeably higher. Consequently, it is important to consider the type of wetland restoration (drained, non-drained) when assessing restoration benefits. Results also suggest that elevated N2O fluxes from cropland catchments likely would be reduced through restoration. The overall variability demonstrated by this study was consistent with findings of other wetland investigations and underscores the difficulty in quantifying the GHG balance of wetland systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science of Total Environment","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.148","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., Finocchiaro, R.G., and Gleason, R.A., 2015, Effects of land use on greenhouse gas fluxes and soil properties of wetland catchments in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America: Science of the Total Environment, v. 533, p. 391-409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.148.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"409","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065314","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 48.879167148960214\n ],\n [\n -98.28369140625,\n 48.879167148960214\n ],\n [\n -98.28369140625,\n 47.5913464767971\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 47.5913464767971\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 46.90524554642923\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 46.90524554642923\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 45.36758436884978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 42.94033923363183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"533","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a7e4b033ef52106a67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian A. 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finocchiaro, Raymond G. rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":3673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finocchiaro","given":"Raymond","email":"rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155181,"text":"70155181 - 2015 - Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T10:06:00","indexId":"70155181","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa","docAbstract":"Contamination of drinking water by nitrate is a growing problem in many agricultural areas of the country. Ingested nitrate can lead to the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds, potent carcinogens. We developed a predictive model for nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa. Using 34,084 measurements of nitrate in private wells, we trained and tested random forest models to predict log nitrate levels by systematically assessing the predictive performance of 179 variables in 36 thematic groups (well depth, distance to sinkholes, location, land use, soil characteristics, nitrogen inputs, meteorology, and other factors). The final model contained 66 variables in 17 groups. Some of the most important variables were well depth, slope length within 1 km of the well, year of sample, and distance to nearest animal feeding operation. The correlation between observed and estimated nitrate concentrations was excellent in the training set (r-square = 0.77) and was acceptable in the testing set (r-square = 0.38). The random forest model had substantially better predictive performance than a traditional linear regression model or a regression tree. Our model will be used to investigate the association between nitrate levels in drinking water and cancer risk in the Iowa participants of the Agricultural Health Study cohort.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.080","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, D.C., Nolan, B.T., Flory, A.R., DellaValle, C.T., and Ward, M.H., 2015, Modeling groundwater nitrate concentrations in private wells in Iowa: Science of the Total Environment, v. 536, p. 481-488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.080.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"488","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061382","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6397646","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"536","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a8e4b033ef52106a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, David C.","contributorId":146297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flory, Abigail R.","contributorId":80151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flory","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DellaValle, Curt T.","contributorId":146298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DellaValle","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, Mary H.","contributorId":92550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155222,"text":"70155222 - 2015 - Estimating the phenology of elk brucellosis transmission with hierarchical models of cause-specific and baseline hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:48:52","indexId":"70155222","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the phenology of elk brucellosis transmission with hierarchical models of cause-specific and baseline hazards","docAbstract":"Understanding the seasonal timing of disease transmission can lead to more effective control strategies, but the seasonality of transmission is often unknown for pathogens transmitted directly. We inserted vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) in 575 elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) from 2006 to 2014 to assess when reproductive failures (i.e., abortions or still births) occur, which is the primary transmission route of Brucella abortus, the causative agent of brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Using a survival analysis framework, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that simultaneously estimated the total baseline hazard of a reproductive event as well as its 2 mutually exclusive parts (abortions or live births). Approximately, 16% (95% CI = 0.10, 0.23) of the pregnant seropositive elk had reproductive failures, whereas 2% (95% CI = 0.01, 0.04) of the seronegative elk had probable abortions. Reproductive failures could have occurred as early as 13 February and as late as 10 July, peaking from March through May. Model results suggest that less than 5% of likely abortions occurred after 6 June each year and abortions were approximately 5 times more likely in March, April, or May compared to February or June. In western Wyoming, supplemental feeding of elk begins in December and ends during the peak of elk abortions and brucellosis transmission (i.e., Mar and Apr). Years with more snow may enhance elk-to-elk transmission on supplemental feeding areas because elk are artificially aggregated for the majority of the transmission season. Elk-to-cattle transmission will depend on the transmission period relative to the end of the supplemental feeding season, elk seroprevalence, population size, and the amount of commingling. Our statistical approach allowed us to estimate the probability density function of different event types over time, which may be applicable to other cause-specific survival analyses. It is often challenging to assess the cause of death, or in this case whether the reproductive event was an abortion or live birth. Accounting for uncertainty in the event type is an important future addition to our methodological approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.883","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Maichak, E., Rogerson, J., Irvine, K.M., Jones, J.D., Heisey, D.M., Edwards, W.H., and Scurlock, B.M., 2015, Estimating the phenology of elk brucellosis transmission with hierarchical models of cause-specific and baseline hazards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 5, p. 739-748, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.883.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"748","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059380","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.39506551565123\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 42.39506551565123\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 42.39506551565123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a7e4b033ef52106a69","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.883","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.883","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Cross Paul C., Maichak Eric J., Rogerson Jared D., Irvine Kathryn M., Jones Jennifer D., Heisey Dennis M., Edwards William H., Scurlock Brandon M.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"4/20/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maichak, Eric","contributorId":36826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maichak","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogerson, Jared D.","contributorId":106401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogerson","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Jennifer D.","contributorId":145754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16227,"text":"Institute on Ecosystems,Montana State University MT, 59715 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heisey, Dennis M. dheisey@usgs.gov","contributorId":2455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisey","given":"Dennis","email":"dheisey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, William H.","contributorId":9144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon M.","contributorId":93788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155221,"text":"70155221 - 2015 - Fine-scale movements of rural free-ranging dogs in conservation areas in the temperate rainforest of the coastal range of southern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T09:24:18","indexId":"70155221","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2653,"text":"Mammalian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale movements of rural free-ranging dogs in conservation areas in the temperate rainforest of the coastal range of southern Chile","docAbstract":"Domestic dogs can play a variety of important roles for farmers. However, when in proximity to conservation areas, the presence of rural free-ranging dogs can be problematic due to the potential for predation of, competition with, or transmission of infectious disease to local threatened fauna. We used a frequent location radio tracking technology to study rural free-ranging dog movements and habitat use into sensitive conservation habitats. To achieve a better understanding of foray behaviors in dogs we monitored dogs (n = 14) in rural households located in an isolated area between the Valdivian Coastal Reserve and the Alerce Costero National Park in southern Chile. Dogs were mostly located near households (<200 m) but exhibited a diurnal pattern of directed excursions (forays) away from their home locations. Dogs spent, on average, 5.3% of their time in forays with average per dog foray distances from the house ranging 0.5–1.9 km (maximum distance detected 4.3 km). Foraying behavior was positively associated with pasture habitat compared to forest habitat including protected lands. Foraying dogs rarely used forest habitat and, when entered, trails and/or roads were selected for movement. Our study provides important information about how dogs interact in a fine-scale with wildlife habitat, and, in particular, protected lands, providing insight into how dog behavior might drive wildlife interactions, and, in turn, how an understanding of dog behavior can be used to manage these interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.001","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M., Pelican, K., Cross, P.C., Eguren, A., and Singer, R.S., 2015, Fine-scale movements of rural free-ranging dogs in conservation areas in the temperate rainforest of the coastal range of southern Chile: Mammalian Biology, v. 80, no. 4, p. 290-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.03.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"297","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055697","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Alerce Costero National Park; Valdivian Coastal Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.57955932617188,\n -39.94659500773898\n ],\n [\n -73.48342895507812,\n -40.00447583427404\n ],\n [\n -73.40103149414062,\n -40.07071544306934\n ],\n [\n -73.35845947265625,\n -40.09698316727956\n ],\n [\n -73.32138061523438,\n -40.1211405215982\n ],\n [\n -73.4051513671875,\n -40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -73.49990844726561,\n -40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -73.60565185546875,\n -40.07912221750035\n ],\n [\n -73.7017822265625,\n -40.00237193587647\n ],\n [\n -73.6798095703125,\n -39.982381667715686\n ],\n [\n -73.67431640625,\n -39.965543219966044\n ],\n [\n -73.64410400390625,\n -39.953964380766394\n ],\n [\n -73.57955932617188,\n -39.94659500773898\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c325a7e4b033ef52106a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Maximiliano","contributorId":145751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Maximiliano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16225,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pelican, Katherine","contributorId":145752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelican","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16225,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eguren, Antonieta","contributorId":145753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eguren","given":"Antonieta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16226,"text":"Center for Latin American Studies & Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singer, Randall S.","contributorId":106742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146539,"text":"70146539 - 2015 - Stratigraphy and structural development of the southwest Isla Tiburón marine basin: Implications for latest Miocene tectonic opening and flooding of the northern Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:07:27","indexId":"70146539","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and structural development of the southwest Isla Tiburón marine basin: Implications for latest Miocene tectonic opening and flooding of the northern Gulf of California","docAbstract":"Accurate information on the timing of earliest marine incursion into the Gulf of California (northwestern México) is critical for paleogeographic models and for understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of strain accommodation across the obliquely divergent Pacific-North America plate boundary. Marine strata exposed on southwest Isla Tiburón (SWIT) have been cited as evidence for a middle Miocene marine incursion into the Gulf of California at least 7 m.y. prior to plate boundary localization ca. 6 Ma. A middle Miocene interpretation for SWIT marine deposits has played a large role in subsequent interpretations of regional tectonics and rift evolution, the ages of marine basins containing similar fossil assemblages along ~1300 km of the plate boundary, and the timing of marine incursion into the Gulf of California. We report new detailed geologic mapping and geochronologic data from the SWIT basin, an elongate sedimentary basin associated with deformation along the dextral-oblique La Cruz fault. We integrate these results with previously published biostratigraphic and geochronologic data to bracket the age of marine deposits in the SWIT basin and show that they have a total maximum thickness of ~300 m. The 6.44 ± 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) tuff of Hast Pitzcal is an ash-flow tuff stratigraphically below the oldest marine strata, and the 6.01 ± 0.20 Ma (U/Pb) tuff of Oyster Amphitheater, also an ash-flow tuff, is interbedded with marine conglomerate near the base of the marine section. A dike-fed rhyodacite lava flow that caps all marine strata yields ages of 3.51 ± 0.05 Ma (Ar/Ar) and 4.13 ± 0.09 Ma (U/Pb) from the base of the flow, consistent with previously reported ages of 4.16 ± 1.81 Ma (K-Ar) from the flow top and (K-Ar) 3.7 ± 0.9 Ma from the feeder dike. Our new results confirm a latest Miocene to early Pliocene age for the SWIT marine basin, consistent with previously documented latest Miocene to early Pliocene (ca. 6.2-4.3 Ma) planktonic and benthic foraminifera from this section. Results from biostratigraphy and geochronology thus constrain earliest marine deposition on SWIT to ca. 6.2 ± 0.2 Ma, coincident with a regional-scale latest Miocene marine incursion into the northern proto-Gulf of California. This regional marine incursion flooded the northernmost, >500-km-long portion of the Gulf of California shear zone, a narrow belt of localized strike-slip faulting, clockwise block rotation, and subsiding pull-apart basins. Oblique Pacific-North America relative plate motion gradually localized in the >1000-km-long Gulf of California shear zone ca. 9-6 Ma, subsequently permitting the punctuated south to north flooding of the incipient Gulf of California seaway.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01153.1","usgsCitation":"Bennett, S.E., Oskin, M., Dorsey, R., Iriondo, A., and Kunk, M.J., 2015, Stratigraphy and structural development of the southwest Isla Tiburón marine basin: Implications for latest Miocene tectonic opening and flooding of the northern Gulf of California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, p. 977-1007, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01153.1.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1007","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064931","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01153.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.51025390625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 32.30570601389429\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 23.0999442125314\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 21.881889807629282\n ],\n [\n -115.51025390625,\n 31.653381399664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15833e4b0dacf699eb981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, Scott E.K. 0000-0002-9772-4122 sekbennett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-4122","contributorId":5340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Scott","email":"sekbennett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oskin, Michael","contributorId":140301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156056,"text":"70156056 - 2015 - Evaluation of autonomous recording units for detecting 3 species of secretive marsh birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:29:28","indexId":"70156056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-05T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of autonomous recording units for detecting 3 species of secretive marsh birds","docAbstract":"Population status and habitat use of yellow rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Nelson's sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni), and Le Conte's sparrows (A. leconteii) are poorly known, so standardized surveys of these species are needed to inform conservation planning and management. A protocol for monitoring secretive marsh birds exists; however, these species regularly call at night and may be missed during early morning surveys. We tested the effectiveness of autonomous recording units (hereafter, recording units) to survey these species by analyzing recorded vocalizations using bioacoustics software. We deployed 22 recording units at 54 sites in northern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, USA, and conducted traditional broadcast surveys during May–June, 2010 and 2011. We compared detection probabilities between recording units and standard monitoring protocols using robust-design occupancy models. On average, recording units detected 0.59 (SE = 0.11) fewer Le Conte's sparrows, 0.76 (SE = 0.15) fewer Nelson's sparrows, and 1.01 (SE = 0.14) fewer yellow rails per survey than were detected using the standard protocol. Detection probabilities using the standard protocol averaged 0.95 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.86–0.98), 0.93 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.78–0.98), and 0.89 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.56–0.98), but averaged 0.71 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.56–0.83), 0.61 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.42–0.78), and 0.51 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.19–0.82) using recording units. Reduced detection by recording units was likely due to the ability of human listeners to identify birds calling at greater distances. Recording units may be effective for surveying nocturnal secretive marsh birds if investigators correct for differential detectability. Reduced detectability may be outweighed by the increased spatial and temporal coverage feasible with recording units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","doi":"10.1002/wsb.569","usgsCitation":"Sidie-Slettehahl, A.M., Jensen, K.C., Johnson, R.R., Arnold, T.W., Austin, J.E., and Stafford, J.D., 2015, Evaluation of autonomous recording units for detecting 3 species of secretive marsh birds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 3, p. 626-634, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.569.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057612","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec8da3502f5b4f5ea0904afdd3afae75","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -93.482666015625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -93.482666015625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eed3e4b0bc0bec09ed1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidie-Slettehahl, Anna M.","contributorId":146412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sidie-Slettehahl","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Rex R.","contributorId":69446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":36058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70147550,"text":"sir20155060 - 2015 - A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T09:01:40","indexId":"sir20155060","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5060","title":"A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011-12","docAbstract":"Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, is a historically rural area that in recent years has experienced an increase in population and in the construction of new housing units, most of which are not connected to a centralized wastewater treatment system. Increasing water use has raised concerns about the effect of development on the available groundwater resources in the area. During 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services, used a water-budget approach to quantify the amount of potential groundwater recharge occurring from the domestic sewage (effluent) dosed to the sewage disposal field at two locations—sites A and B—in eastern Bernalillo County, N. Mex. The amount of effluent that is potentially available for groundwater recharge was determined as the mean daily volume of effluent dosed to the disposal field in excess of the mean daily volume of effluent loss from evapotranspiration from the disposal field.
\nDuring this study, the disposal fields at sites A and B received a measured volume of effluent from two-person domestic residences equipped with an onsite low-pressure dosing system. A combined evapotranspiration measurement and modeling technique was used to estimate the amount of evapotranspirative loss from the disposal field and from the surrounding terrain. A portable hemispherical flux chamber was used to measure evapotranspiration at fixed locations on the disposal fields and on the surrounding terrain at sites A and B. Data from hemispherical flux chamber measurements were used to calibrate a Penman-Monteith modeled evapotranspiration rate on the disposal field and on the surrounding terrain at site A from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, and from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012, and at site B from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011. Micrometeorological and soil data from instrumentation on the disposal fields and on the surrounding terrain at sites A and B were used as input data into the Penman-Monteith equation. The mean potential recharge from disposal field effluent during 2011–12 at sites A and B was 63 percent of the volume of effluent dosed to the disposal field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services","usgsCitation":"Crilley, D.M., and Collison, J.W., 2015, A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5060, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155060.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 32 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-035366","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/sir20155060_appendixes.xlsx","text":"Appendixes","size":"18.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5060 Appendixes"},{"id":306380,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/sir20155060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5060"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 34.854382885097905\n ],\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 35.22094130403182\n ],\n [\n -106.13616943359375,\n 35.22094130403182\n ],\n [\n -106.13616943359375,\n 34.854382885097905\n ],\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 34.854382885097905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd NE, Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109
http://nm.water.usgs.gov/
Depths to selected Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphic units in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado are presented here for 1,563 wells. This file is updated from the Piceance Basin Oil Shale Database with data for additional new drill holes. Also included in this report are elevations for the base of the Long Point Bed of the Eocene Green River Formation for 347 surface locations obtained by determining locations and elevations from published 7 ½-minute quadrangle maps for the Piceance Basin listed in the “Geologic Maps Used to Generate Long Point Control Points” section.
\nEach entry for the base of the Long Point Bed was obtained at a location where the mapped Long Point Bed intersects a contour line on the published maps. Precision of each elevation is therefore dependent on the precision of the maps and the placement of the mapped contact by the authors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151036","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Dietrich, J.D., and Mercier, T.J., 2015: Updated tops file for Cretaceous and lower Tertiary units, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1036, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151036.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Excel Files","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051648","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1036/ofr20151036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1036"},{"id":306407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1036/ofr20151036_supplemental1.xls","text":"Colorado Boreholes and Tops Fieldname Descriptions","size":"40.5 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Colorado Boreholes and Tops Fieldname Descriptions"},{"id":306408,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1036/ofr20151036_supplemental2.xlsx","text":"Latests Tops Piceance","size":"4.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Latests Tops Piceance"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.929443359375,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -108.929443359375,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -108.929443359375,\n 38.436379603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The processes of landscape change are complex, exhibiting spatial variability as well as linear, cyclical, and reversible characteristics. To better understand the various processes that cause transformation, a data aggregation, validation, and attribution approach was developed and applied to an analysis of the Southeastern Coastal Plains (SECP). The approach integrates information from available national land-use, natural disturbance, and land-cover data to efficiently assess spatially-specific changes and causes. Between 2001 and 2006, the processes of change affected 7.8 % of the SECP but varied across small-scale ecoregions. Processes were placed into a simple conceptual framework to explicitly identify the type and direction of change based on three general characteristics: replacement, recurrence, and recovery. Replacement processes, whereby a land use or cover is supplanted by a new land use, including urbanization and agricultural expansion, accounted for approximately 15 % of the extent of change. Recurrent processes that contribute to cyclical changes in land cover, including forest harvest/replanting and fire, accounted for 83 %. Most forest cover changes were recurrent, while the extents of recurrent silviculture and forest replacement processes such as urbanization far exceeded forest recovery processes. The total extent of landscape recovery, from prior land use to natural or semi-natural vegetation cover, accounted for less than 3 % of change. In a region of complex change, increases in transitory grassland and shrubland covers were caused by large-scale intensive plantation silviculture and small-scale activities including mining reclamation. Explicit identification of the process types and dynamics presented here may improve the understanding of land-cover change and landscape trajectory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0574-1","usgsCitation":"Drummond, M.A., Stier, M.P., Auch, R.F., Taylor, J.L., Griffith, G.E., Hester, D.J., Riegle, J.L., Soulard, C.E., and McBeth, J.L., 2015, Assessing landscape change and processes of recurrence, replacement, and recovery in the Southeastern Coastal Plains, USA: Environmental Management, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1252-1271, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0574-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1252","endPage":"1271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060145","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0574-1","text":"Publisher Index 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J. 0000-0003-0249-7164 dhester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-7164","contributorId":2447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"D.","email":"dhester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Riegle, Jodi L. 0000-0001-8640-8952 jlriegle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-8952","contributorId":1789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riegle","given":"Jodi","email":"jlriegle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McBeth, Jamie L. 0000-0002-7688-7985 jlmcbeth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-7985","contributorId":1254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBeth","given":"Jamie","email":"jlmcbeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156034,"text":"70156034 - 2015 - Mixing effects on nitrogen and oxygen concentrations and the relationship to mean residence time in a hyporheic zone of a riffle-pool sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-04T13:56:42","indexId":"70156034","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing effects on nitrogen and oxygen concentrations and the relationship to mean residence time in a hyporheic zone of a riffle-pool sequence","docAbstract":"Flow paths and residence times in the hyporheic zone are known to influence biogeochemical processes such as nitrification and denitrification. The exchange across the sediment-water interface may involve mixing of surface water and groundwater through complex hyporheic flow paths that contribute to highly variable biogeochemically active zones. Despite the recognition of these patterns in the literature, conceptualization and analysis of flow paths and nitrogen transformations beneath riffle-pool sequences often neglect to consider bed form driven exchange along the entire reach. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) were monitored in the hyporheic zone beneath a riffle-pool sequence on a losing section of the Truckee River, NV. Spatially-varying hyporheic exchange and the occurrence of multi-scale hyporheic mixing cells are shown to influence concentrations of DO and NO3- and the mean residence time (MRT) of riffle and pool areas. Distinct patterns observed in piezometers are shown to be influenced by the first large flow event following a steady 8 month period of low flow conditions. Increases in surface water discharge resulted in reversed hydraulic gradients and production of nitrate through nitrification at small vertical spatial scales (0.10 to 0.25 m) beneath the sediment-water interface. In areas with high downward flow rates and low MRT, denitrification may be limited. The use of a longitudinal two-dimensional flow model helped identify important mechanisms such as multi-scale hyporheic mixing cells and spatially varying MRT, an important driver for nitrogen transformation in the riverbed. Our observations of DO and NO3- concentrations and model simulations highlight the role of multi-scale hyporheic mixing cells on MRT and nitrogen transformations in the hyporheic zone of riffle-pool sequences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR016593","usgsCitation":"Naranjo, R.C., Niswonger, R., and Clinton Davis, 2015, Mixing effects on nitrogen and oxygen concentrations and the relationship to mean residence time in a hyporheic zone of a riffle-pool sequence: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 9, p. 7202-7217, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016593.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"7202","endPage":"7217","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060513","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016593","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf112be4b01487cbfc77bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. rniswon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clinton Davis","contributorId":146410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clinton Davis","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178791,"text":"70178791 - 2015 - Vulnerabilities and opportunities at the nexus of electricity, water and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T17:51:11","indexId":"70178791","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerabilities and opportunities at the nexus of electricity, water and climate","docAbstract":"The articles in this special issue examine the critical nexus of electricity, water, and climate, emphasizing connections among resources; the prospect of increasing vulnerabilities of water resources and electricity generation in a changing climate; and the opportunities for research to inform integrated energy and water policy and management measures aimed at reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. Here, we characterize several major themes emerging from this research and highlight some of the uptake of this work in both scientific and public spheres. Underpinning much of this research is the recognition that water resources are expected to undergo substantial changes based on the global warming that results primarily from fossil energy-based carbon emissions. At the same time, the production of electricity from fossil fuels, nuclear power, and some renewable technologies (biomass, geothermal and concentrating solar power) can be highly water-intensive. Energy choices now and in the near future will have a major impact not just on the global climate, but also on water supplies and the resilience of energy systems that currently depend heavily on them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics and IOP Pub","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/080201","usgsCitation":"Frumhoff, P., Burkett, V., Jackson, R.B., Newmark, R., Overpeck, J., and Webber, M., 2015, Vulnerabilities and opportunities at the nexus of electricity, water and climate: Environmental Research Letters, v. 10, no. 8, 080201; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/080201.","productDescription":"080201; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-066174","costCenters":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/080201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":331664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df4e4b06d80b7b093b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frumhoff, Peter","contributorId":177258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frumhoff","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Robert B.","contributorId":177259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newmark, Robin","contributorId":177284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newmark","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Overpeck, Jonathan","contributorId":148970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overpeck","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webber, Michael","contributorId":177285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webber","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":655197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159944,"text":"70159944 - 2015 - Selection of vegetation types and density of bison in an arid ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:18:13","indexId":"70159944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection of vegetation types and density of bison in an arid ecosystem","docAbstract":"Understanding species habitat selection and factors that drive selection are key components for conservation. We report the first resource selection functions (RSFs) for bison inhabiting an arid ecosystem and use them with density estimates of bison to estimate the number of bison that could be supported if the bison range were expanded to federal lands in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. We derived RSFs for vegetation types using locations of plains bison collected weekly over 3 years from 2005 to 2007. Bison selected for wet or mesic grassland habitats in all seasons. Wetland selection by bison was predicted to be 18 times greater than that of rabbitbrush vegetation, the reference category, and selection of meadows was predicted to be 11 times greater than that of the rabbitbrush type. Willow-dominated plant communities were strongly avoided. Cottonwood communities were also avoided, with the exception of some moderate levels of selection in fall. The willow and cottonwood communities have an understory with low biomass of herbaceous species and low productivity in this arid system. Based on the RSFs we predicted that in the San Luis Valley of Colorado up to 2,379 bison could be supported in similar habitats under Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) jurisdiction, and up to 759 bison could be supported on adjacent National Park Service (NPS) land. This modeling framework provides a conservation tool for the restoration of bison to their historical habitats, and has utility for application to other terrestrial species where assumptions are met.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.940","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K.A., Zeigenfuss, L., Nielsen, S.E., and Pague, C., 2015, Selection of vegetation types and density of bison in an arid ecosystem: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 7, p. 1117-1128, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.940.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1117","endPage":"1128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053381","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.655517578125,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -105.49621582031249,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -105.567626953125,\n 37.67295135774715\n ],\n [\n -105.60882568359375,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -105.611572265625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -105.8587646484375,\n 37.48139702942734\n ],\n [\n -105.86151123046875,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -106.1553955078125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -106.33941650390625,\n 37.612055711412815\n ],\n [\n -106.32843017578125,\n 37.96801944035648\n ],\n [\n -106.2542724609375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -106.2322998046875,\n 38.182068998322094\n ],\n [\n -106.0784912109375,\n 38.153997218446115\n ],\n [\n -105.96038818359375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 38.36965556758702\n ],\n [\n -106.05926513671875,\n 38.41486245064945\n ],\n [\n -105.75164794921875,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -105.6610107421875,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -105.655517578125,\n 37.94203148678865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c759e4b06a3ea36c67c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Scott E.","contributorId":65190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pague, Chris","contributorId":150245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pague","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155926,"text":"ofr20151150 - 2015 - Literature review of giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) biology and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-04T08:42:36","indexId":"ofr20151150","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-03T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1150","title":"Literature review of giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) biology and conservation","docAbstract":"This report reviews the available literature on giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to compile existing information on this species and identify knowledge gaps that, if addressed, would help to inform conservation efforts for giant gartersnakes. Giant gartersnakes comprise a species of semi-aquatic snake precinctive to wetlands in the Central Valley of California. The diversion of surface water and conversion of wetlands to agricultural and other land uses resulted in the loss of more than 90 percent of natural giant gartersnake habitats. Because of this habitat loss, giant gartersnakes are now listed by the United States and California Endangered Species Acts as Threatened. Most extant populations occur in the rice-growing regions of the Sacramento Valley, which comprises the northern portion of the giant gartersnake’s former range. The huge demand for water in California for agriculture, industry, recreation, and other human consumption, combined with periodic severe drought, places remaining giant gartersnake habitats at increased risk of degradation and loss. This literature review summarizes the available information on giant gartersnake distribution, habitat relations, behavior, demography, and other aspects of its biology relevant to conservation. This information is then compiled into a graphical conceptual model that indicates the importance of different aspects of giant gartersnake biology for maintaining positive population growth, and identifies those areas for which important information relevant for conservation is lacking. Directing research efforts toward these aspects of giant gartersnake ecology will likely result in improvements to conserving this unique species while meeting the high demands for water in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B.J., Wylie, G.D., and Casazza, M.L., 2015, Literature review of giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) biology and conservation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1150, 38 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151150.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066657","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306301,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1150/ofr20151150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1150"},{"id":306300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1150/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
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