Drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. It is usually carried out using drought indices/indicators that are continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. This chapter presents a few examples of how remote sensing and hydrologic modeling techniques are being used to generate a suite of drought monitoring indicators at dekadal (10-day), monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales for several selected regions around the world. Satellite-based rainfall estimates are being used to produce drought indicators such as standardized precipitation index, dryness indicators, and start of season analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is being used to monitor vegetation condition. Several satellite data products are combined using agrohydrologic models to produce multiple short- and long-term indicators of droughts. All the data sets are being produced and updated in near-real time to provide information about the onset, progression, extent, and intensity of drought conditions. The data and products produced are available for download from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) data portal at http://earlywarning.usgs.gov. The availability of timely information and products support the decision-making processes in drought-related hazard assessment, monitoring, and management with the FEWS NET. The drought-hazard monitoring approach perfected by the U.S. Geological Survey for FEWS NET through the integration of satellite data and hydrologic modeling can form the basis for similar decision support systems. Such systems can operationally produce reliable and useful regional information that is relevant for local, district-level decision making.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-394846-5.00009-6","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Velpuri, N.M., Bohms, S., Budde, M., Young, C., Rowland, J., and Verdin, J., 2015, Drought monitoring and assessment: Remote sensing and modeling approaches for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, p. 233-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394846-5.00009-6.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"262","ipdsId":"IP-055782","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":166813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budde, Michael 0000-0002-9098-2751 mbudde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-2751","contributorId":166756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budde","given":"Michael","email":"mbudde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":191382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":145830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187156,"text":"70187156 - 2015 - A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:26:38","indexId":"70187156","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions","docAbstract":"Groundwater–surface-water (GW-SW) interactions in streams are difficult to quantify because of heterogeneity in hydraulic and reactive processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3rd-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface–subsurface exchange patterns in the upper ⅔ and lower ⅓ of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting ∼40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/679738","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., Ward, A.S., Hatch, C.E., Wlostowski, A.N., Singha, K., Gooseff, M.N., Haggerty, R., Harvey, J., Cirpka, O., and Brock, J.T., 2015, A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 139-160, https://doi.org/10.1086/679738.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-056028","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Shaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66452627825884\n ],\n [\n -77.90873050689697,\n 40.66452627825884\n ],\n [\n -77.90873050689697,\n 40.66735832184183\n ],\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66735832184183\n ],\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66452627825884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo","contributorId":191362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Pinzon","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Adam S","contributorId":191363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Christine E","contributorId":191364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":191367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":191368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cirpka, Olaf A","contributorId":191369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cirpka","given":"Olaf A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brock, James T","contributorId":191370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brock","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70188061,"text":"70188061 - 2015 - Projecting the spatiotemporal carbon dynamics of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem from 2006 to 2050","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T13:20:45","indexId":"70188061","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projecting the spatiotemporal carbon dynamics of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem from 2006 to 2050","docAbstract":"Background
Climate change and the concurrent change in wildfire events and land use comprehensively affect carbon dynamics in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The purpose of this study was to project the spatial and temporal aspects of carbon storage in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) under these changes from 2006 to 2050. We selected three emission scenarios and produced simulations with the CENTURY model using three General Circulation Models (GCMs) for each scenario. We also incorporated projected land use change and fire occurrence into the carbon accounting.
Results
The three GCMs showed increases in maximum and minimum temperature, but precipitation projections varied among GCMs. Total ecosystem carbon increased steadily from 7,942 gC/m2 in 2006 to 10,234 gC/m2 in 2050 with an annual rate increase of 53 gC/m2/year. About 56.6% and 27% of the increasing rate was attributed to total live carbon and total soil carbon, respectively. Net Primary Production (NPP) increased slightly from 260 gC/m2/year in 2006 to 310 gC/m2/year in 2050 with an annual rate increase of 1.22 gC/m2/year. Forest clear-cutting and fires resulted in direct carbon removal; however, the rate was low at 2.44 gC/m2/year during 2006–2050. The area of clear-cutting and wildfires in the GYE would account for 10.87% of total forested area during 2006–2050, but the predictive simulations demonstrated different spatial distributions in national forests and national parks.
Conclusions
The GYE is a carbon sink during 2006–2050. The capability of vegetation is almost double that of soil in terms of sequestering extra carbon. Clear-cutting and wildfires in GYE will affect 10.87% of total forested area, but direct carbon removal from clear-cutting and fires is 109.6 gC/m2, which accounts for only 1.2% of the mean ecosystem carbon level of 9,056 gC/m2, and thus is not significant.
The Global Land Survey (GLS) 2000 data were generated from Geocover™ 2000 data with the aim of producing a global data set of accuracy better than 25 m Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). An assessment and validation of accuracy of GLS 2000 data set, and its co-registration with Geocover™ 2000 data set is presented here. Since the availability of global data sets that have higher nominal accuracy than the GLS 2000 is a concern, the data sets were assessed in three tiers. In the first tier, the data were compared with the Geocover™ 2000 data. This comparison provided a means of localizing regions of higher differences. In the second tier, the GLS 2000 data were compared with systematically corrected Landsat-7 scenes that were obtained in a time period when the spacecraft pointing information was extremely accurate. These comparisons localize regions where the data are consistently off, which may indicate regions of higher errors. The third tier consisted of comparing the GLS 2000 data against higher accuracy reference data. The reference data were the Digital Ortho Quads over the United States, orthorectified SPOT data over Australia, and high accuracy check points obtained using triangulation bundle adjustment of Landsat-7 images over selected sites around the world. The study reveals that the geometric errors in Geocover™ 2000 data have been rectified in GLS 2000 data, and that the accuracy of GLS 2000 data can be expected to be better than 25 m RMSE for most of its constituent scenes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.81.2.131","usgsCitation":"Rengarajan, R., Sampath, A., Storey, J.C., and Choate, M., 2015, Validation of geometric accuracy of Global Land Survey (GLS) 2000 data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 2, p. 131-141, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.2.131.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-055114","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472419,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.81.2.131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bee4b092b266f10d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110 rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":192376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","email":"rrengarajan@contractor.usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":696344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampath, Aparajithan 0000-0002-6922-4913 asampath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-4913","contributorId":3622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampath","given":"Aparajithan","email":"asampath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":696343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232 storey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":5333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"storey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choate, Mike 0000-0002-8101-4994 choate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":4618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Mike","email":"choate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187265,"text":"70187265 - 2015 - Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:35:47","indexId":"70187265","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","docAbstract":"American Woodcocks (Scolopax minor) are a high priority species of conservation need across most of their breeding range due to long-term population declines. Survival of juveniles may be key to understanding these population declines, but there have been few direct estimates of juvenile woodcock survival rates, and no recent assessment of the possible effect of radio-tagging on juvenile survival. In 2011 and 2012, we radio-tagged 73 juvenile American Woodcocks in west-central Minnesota and compared survival rates of radio-tagged (N = 58) and non-radio-tagged (N = 82) juveniles during the period from hatching to fledging. We compared survival rates of juveniles with known fates and used logistic-exposure models to assess the potential impact of radio-transmitters on survival. We evaluated variables related to juvenile survival including age, hatch date, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and year to assess the possible effects of radio-transmitters. The best-supported model of survival rate of juvenile American Woodcocks included the interaction of age and year and a negative effect of precipitation (β = −0.76, 85% CI: −1.08 to −0.43), but did not include a negative effect of transmitters. Our results suggest that radio-transmitters did not impact survival of juvenile American Woodcocks and that transmitters are a reliable tool for studying survival of juvenile American Woodcocks, and perhaps other precocial shorebirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1656/058.012.0107","usgsCitation":"Daly, K.O., Andersen, D., Brininger, W.L., and Cooper, T.R., 2015, Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 345-351, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.012.0107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"351","ipdsId":"IP-066725","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, Kyle O.","contributorId":191466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daly","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":693123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brininger, Wayne L.","contributorId":191467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brininger","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Thomas R.","contributorId":191468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187703,"text":"70187703 - 2015 - Having it both ways? Land use change in a U.S. midwestern agricultural ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T14:17:14","indexId":"70187703","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3191,"text":"Professional Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Having it both ways? Land use change in a U.S. midwestern agricultural ecoregion","docAbstract":"Urbanization has been directly linked to decreases in area of agricultural lands and, as such, has been considered a threat to food security. Although the area of land used to produce food has diminished, often overlooked have been changes in agricultural output. The Eastern Corn Belt Plains (ECBP) is an important agricultural region in the U.S. Midwest. It has both gained a significant amount of urban land, primarily from the conversion of agricultural land between 1973 and 2000, and at the same time continued to produce ever-increasing quantities of agricultural products. By 2002, more corn, soybeans, and hogs were produced on a smaller agricultural land base than in 1974. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, ECBP ecoregion society appeared to have “had it both ways”: more urbanization along with increased agricultural output.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2014.921015","usgsCitation":"Auch, R.F., and Laingen, C.R., 2015, Having it both ways? Land use change in a U.S. midwestern agricultural ecoregion: Professional Geographer, v. 67, no. 1, p. 84-97, https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2014.921015.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-045833","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 41.82045509614034\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 41.82045509614034\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe37e4b0a7fdb43c8bf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044 auch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"auch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laingen, Chris R.","contributorId":191626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laingen","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70188389,"text":"70188389 - 2015 - Thin‐ or thick‐skinned faulting in the Yakima fold and thrust belt (WA)? Constraints from kinematic modeling of the saddle mountains anticline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:03:37","indexId":"70188389","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thin‐ or thick‐skinned faulting in the Yakima fold and thrust belt (WA)? Constraints from kinematic modeling of the saddle mountains anticline","docAbstract":"The Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB) deforms the Columbia River Basalt Group flows of Washington State. The YFTB fault geometries and slip rates are crucial parameters for seismic‐hazard assessments of nearby dams and nuclear facilities, yet there are competing models for the subsurface fault geometry involving shallowly rooted versus deeply rooted fault systems. The YFTB is also thought to be analogous to the evenly spaced wrinkle ridges found on other terrestrial planets. Using seismic reflection data, borehole logs, and surface geologic data, we tested two proposed kinematic end‐member thick‐ and thin‐skinned fault models beneath the Saddle Mountains anticline of the YFTB. Observed subsurface geometry can be produced by 600–800 m of heave along a single listric‐reverse fault or ∼3.5 km of slip along two superposed low‐angle thrust faults. Both models require decollement slip between 7 and 9 km depth, resulting in greater fault areas than sometimes assumed in hazard assessments. Both models require initial slip much earlier than previously thought and may provide insight into the subsurface geometry of analogous comparisons to wrinkle ridges observed on other planets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140207","usgsCitation":"Casale, G., and Pratt, T.L., 2015, Thin‐ or thick‐skinned faulting in the Yakima fold and thrust belt (WA)? Constraints from kinematic modeling of the saddle mountains anticline: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 2A, p. 745-752, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"752","ipdsId":"IP-051433","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima fold and thrust belt","volume":"105","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b2e4b0764e6c5e88af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casale, Gabriele 0000-0003-1371-753X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-753X","contributorId":192726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casale","given":"Gabriele","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27675,"text":"Appalachian State University, Boone, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188388,"text":"70188388 - 2015 - Paleoseismologic evidence for large-magnitude (Mw 7.5-8.0) earthquakes on the Ventura blind thrust fault: Implications for multifault ruptures in the Transverse Ranges of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T15:15:14","indexId":"70188388","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismologic evidence for large-magnitude (Mw 7.5-8.0) earthquakes on the Ventura blind thrust fault: Implications for multifault ruptures in the Transverse Ranges of southern California","docAbstract":"Detailed analysis of continuously cored boreholes and cone penetrometer tests (CPTs), high-resolution seismic-reflection data, and luminescence and 14C dates from Holocene strata folded above the tip of the Ventura blind thrust fault constrain the ages and displacements of the two (or more) most recent earthquakes. These two earthquakes, which are identified by a prominent surface fold scarp and a stratigraphic sequence that thickens across an older buried fold scarp, occurred before the 235-yr-long historic era and after 805 ± 75 yr ago (most recent folding event[s]) and between 4065 and 4665 yr ago (previous folding event[s]). Minimum uplift in these two scarp-forming events was ∼6 m for the most recent earthquake(s) and ∼5.2 m for the previous event(s). Large uplifts such as these typically occur in large-magnitude earthquakes in the range of Mw7.5–8.0. Any such events along the Ventura fault would likely involve rupture of other Transverse Ranges faults to the east and west and/or rupture downward onto the deep, low-angle décollements that underlie these faults. The proximity of this large reverse-fault system to major population centers, including the greater Los Angeles region, and the potential for tsunami generation during ruptures extending offshore along the western parts of the system highlight the importance of understanding the complex behavior of these faults for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01123.1","usgsCitation":"McAuliffe, L.J., Dolan, J.F., Rhodes, E.J., Hubbard, J., Shaw, J.H., and Pratt, T.L., 2015, Paleoseismologic evidence for large-magnitude (Mw 7.5-8.0) earthquakes on the Ventura blind thrust fault: Implications for multifault ruptures in the Transverse Ranges of southern California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1629-1650, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01123.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1650","ipdsId":"IP-064190","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01123.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ventura blind thrust fault","volume":"11","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b3e4b0764e6c5e88b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuliffe, Lee J.","contributorId":192724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuliffe","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolan, James F.","contributorId":175461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhodes, Edward J. 0000-0002-0361-8637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-8637","contributorId":192722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":28159,"text":"University of Sheffield","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, Judith","contributorId":192725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13619,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaw, John H.","contributorId":187766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13619,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186747,"text":"70186747 - 2015 - Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T12:14:43","indexId":"70186747","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific","docAbstract":"At what phenotypic level do closely related subspecies that live in different environments differ with respect to food detection, ingestion and processing? This question motivated an experimental study on rock sandpipers (Calidris ptilocnemis). The species' nonbreeding range spans 20 deg of latitude, the extremes of which are inhabited by two subspecies: C. p. ptilocnemis that winters primarily in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska (61°N) and C. p. tschuktschorum that overlaps slightly with C. p. ptilocnemis but whose range extends much farther south (∼40°N). In view of the strongly contrasting energetic demands of their distinct nonbreeding distributions, we conducted experiments to assess the behavioral, physiological and sensory aspects of foraging and we used the bivalve Macoma balthica for all trials. C. p. ptilocnemis consumed a wider range of prey sizes, had higher maximum rates of energy intake, processed shell waste at higher maximum rates and handled prey more quickly. Notably, however, the two subspecies did not differ in their abilities to find buried prey. The subspecies were similar in size and had equally sized gizzards, but the more northern ptilocnemis individuals were 10–14% heavier than their same-sex tschuktschorum counterparts. The higher body mass in ptilocnemis probably resulted from hypertrophy of digestive organs (e.g. intestine, liver) related to digestion and nutrient assimilation. Given the previously established equality of the metabolic capacities of the two subspecies, we propose that the high-latitude nonbreeding range of ptilocnemis rock sandpipers is primarily facilitated by digestive (i.e. physiological) aspects of their foraging ecology rather than behavioral or sensory aspects.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.108894","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., Gill, R., Dekinga, A., van Gils, J.A., and Piersma, T., 2015, Ways to be different: Foraging adaptations that facilitate higher intake rates in a northerly wintering shorebird compared with a low-latitude conspecific: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, no. 8, p. 1188-1197, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.108894.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1197","ipdsId":"IP-071868","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.108894","text":"External Repository"},{"id":438729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PY1ULV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Allometrics of Baltic Tellin (Macoma balthica) bivalves from Cook Inlet, AK, and Baie de Somme, France, 2010-2011"},{"id":339491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a544e4b09da6799d63ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Gils, Jan A.","contributorId":141170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Gils","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188386,"text":"70188386 - 2015 - Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:28:11","indexId":"70188386","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State","docAbstract":"Near-surface thrust fault splays and antithetic backthrusts at the tips of major thrust fault systems can distribute slip across multiple shallow fault strands, complicating earthquake hazard analyses based on studies of surface faulting. The shallow expression of the fault strands forming the Seattle fault zone of Washington State shows the structural relationships and interactions between such fault strands. Paleoseismic studies document an ∼7000 yr history of earthquakes on multiple faults within the Seattle fault zone, with some backthrusts inferred to rupture in small (M ∼5.5–6.0) earthquakes at times other than during earthquakes on the main thrust faults. We interpret seismic-reflection profiles to show three main thrust faults, one of which is a blind thrust fault directly beneath downtown Seattle, and four small backthrusts within the Seattle fault zone. We then model fault slip, constrained by shallow deformation, to show that the Seattle fault forms a fault propagation fold rather than the alternatively proposed roof thrust system. Fault slip modeling shows that back-thrust ruptures driven by moderate (M ∼6.5–6.7) earthquakes on the main thrust faults are consistent with the paleoseismic data. The results indicate that paleoseismic data from the back-thrust ruptures reveal the times of moderate earthquakes on the main fault system, rather than indicating smaller (M ∼5.5–6.0) earthquakes involving only the backthrusts. Estimates of cumulative shortening during known Seattle fault zone earthquakes support the inference that the Seattle fault has been the major seismic hazard in the northern Cascadia forearc in the late Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01179.1","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., Troost, K., Odum, J., and Stephenson, W.J., 2015, Kinematics of shallow backthrusts in the Seattle fault zone, Washington State: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1948-1974, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01179.1.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1974","ipdsId":"IP-066951","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01179.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle ","otherGeospatial":"Seattle Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -121.61865234375,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 46.604167162931844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b3e4b0764e6c5e88bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troost, K.G.","contributorId":192716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troost","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187777,"text":"70187777 - 2015 - Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T14:27:37","indexId":"70187777","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The lower part of the Garden Valley Formation yields two distinct conodont faunas. One of late Asselian age dominated by Mesogondolella and Streptognathodus and one of Artinskian age dominated by Sweetognathus with Mesogondolella. The Asselian fauna contains the same species as those found in the type area of the Asselian in the southern Urals including Mesogondolella dentiseparata, described for the first time outside of the Urals. Apparatuses for Sweetognathus whitei, Diplognathodus stevensi, and Idioprioniodus sp. are described. The Garden Valley Formation represents a marine pro-delta basin and platform, and marine and shore fan delta complex deposition. The fan-delta complex was most likely deposited from late Artinskian to late Wordian. The Garden Valley Formation records tremendous swings in depositional setting from shallow-water to basin to shore.","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., Gallegos, D.M., Chernykh, V.V., and Snyder, W.S., 2015, Early Permian conodont fauna and stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada: Micropaleontology, v. 61, p. 369-387.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-071645","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341457,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-320/article-1955"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Eureka County","otherGeospatial":"Garden Valley 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V.","contributorId":150733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chernykh","given":"Valery","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":18081,"text":"Rusian Academy of Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Walter S.","contributorId":150735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18083,"text":"Boise State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185777,"text":"70185777 - 2015 - On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T09:45:24","indexId":"70185777","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques","docAbstract":"The high temperature conversion (HTC) technique using an elemental analyzer with a glassy carbon tube and filling (temperature conversion/elemental analysis, TC/EA) is a widely used method for hydrogen isotopic analysis of water and many solid and liquid organic samples with analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method may produce inaccurate δ2H results, with values deviating by more than 20 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1‰) from the true value for some materials. We show that a single-oven, chromium-filled elemental analyzer coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability for hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic substances (Cr-EA method). Hot chromium maximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively scavenging all reactive elements except hydrogen. In contrast, under TC/EA conditions, heteroelements like nitrogen or chlorine (and other halogens) can form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) and this can cause isotopic fractionation. The Cr-EA technique thus expands the analytical possibilities for on-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples significantly. This method yielded reproducibility values (1-sigma) for δ2H measurements on water and caffeine samples of better than 1.0 and 0.5 mUr, respectively. To overcome handling problems with water as the principal calibration anchor for hydrogen isotopic measurements, we have employed an effective and simple strategy using reference waters or other liquids sealed in silver-tube segments. These crimped silver tubes can be employed in both the Cr-EA and TC/EA techniques. They simplify considerably the normalization of hydrogen-isotope measurement data to the VSMOW-SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water-Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, and their use improves accuracy of the data by eliminating evaporative loss and associated isotopic fractionation while handling water as a bulk sample. The calibration of organic samples, commonly having high δ2H values, will benefit from the availability of suitably 2H-enriched reference waters, extending the VSMOW-SLAP scale above zero.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085","usgsCitation":"Gehre, M., Renpenning, J., Gilevska, T., Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Meijer, H.A., Brand, W.A., and Schimmelmann, A., 2015, On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques: Analytical Chemistry, v. 87, no. 10, p. 5198-5205, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00085.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5198","endPage":"5205","ipdsId":"IP-063767","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/dd96a5e9-9828-4660-a829-e3c35aba7496","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d6e4b02ff32c685679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renpenning, Julian","contributorId":189953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renpenning","given":"Julian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilevska, Tetyana","contributorId":189992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilevska","given":"Tetyana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A.J.","contributorId":187804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schimmelmann, Arndt","contributorId":140051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"Arndt","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187042,"text":"70187042 - 2015 - The origin of Mauna Loa's Nīnole Hills: Evidence of rift zone reorganization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T15:59:37","indexId":"70187042","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of Mauna Loa's Nīnole Hills: Evidence of rift zone reorganization","docAbstract":"In order to identify the origin of Mauna Loa volcano's Nīnole Hills, Bouguer gravity was used to delineate density contrasts within the edifice. Our survey identified two residual anomalies beneath the Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) and the Nīnole Hills. The Nīnole Hills anomaly is elongated, striking northeast, and in inversions both anomalies merge at approximately −7 km above sea level. The positive anomaly, modeled as a rock volume of ~1200 km3 beneath the Nīnole Hills, is associated with old eruptive vents. Based on the geologic and geophysical data, we propose that the gravity anomaly under the Nīnole Hills records an early SWRZ orientation, now abandoned due to geologically rapid rift-zone reorganization. Catastrophic submarine landslides from Mauna Loa's western flank are the most likely cause for the concurrent abandonment of the Nīnole Hills section of the SWRZ. Rift zone reorganization induced by mass wasting is likely more common than currently recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL065863","usgsCitation":"Zurek, J., Williams-Jones, G., Trusdell, F., and Martin, S., 2015, The origin of Mauna Loa's Nīnole Hills: Evidence of rift zone reorganization: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 20, p. 8358-8366, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065863.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8358","endPage":"8366","ipdsId":"IP-066614","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065863","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa, Nīnole Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.1871337890625,\n 18.851711132087274\n ],\n [\n -154.75067138671875,\n 18.851711132087274\n ],\n [\n -154.75067138671875,\n 19.84939395842279\n ],\n [\n -156.1871337890625,\n 19.84939395842279\n ],\n [\n -156.1871337890625,\n 18.851711132087274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zurek, Jeffrey","contributorId":191169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zurek","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams-Jones, Glyn","contributorId":147765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams-Jones","given":"Glyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16928,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Simon","contributorId":191170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Simon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187041,"text":"70187041 - 2015 - Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T15:54:33","indexId":"70187041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"Faulting and fluid transport in the subsurface are highly coupled processes, which may manifest seismically as earthquake swarms. A swarm in February 2014 beneath densely monitored Mammoth Mountain, California, provides an opportunity to witness these interactions in high resolution. Toward this goal, we employ massive waveform-correlation-based event detection and relative relocation, which quadruples the swarm catalog to more than 6000 earthquakes and produces high-precision locations even for very small events. The swarm's main seismic zone forms a distributed fracture mesh, with individual faults activated in short earthquake bursts. The largest event of the sequence, M 3.1, apparently acted as a fault valve and was followed by a distinct wave of earthquakes propagating ~1 km westward from the updip edge of rupture, 1–2 h later. Late in the swarm, multiple small, shallower subsidiary faults activated with pronounced hypocenter migration, suggesting that a broader fluid pressure pulse propagated through the subsurface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064325","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Taira, T., Prejean, S., Hill, D.P., and Dreger, D.S., 2015, Fluid-faulting interactions: Fracture-mesh and fault-valve behavior in the February 2014 Mammoth Mountain, California, earthquake swarm: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 14, p. 5803-5812, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064325.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5803","endPage":"5812","ipdsId":"IP-065501","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064325","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.66\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 37.66\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 37.59\n ],\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.59\n ],\n [\n -119.09,\n 37.66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taira, Taka’aki","contributorId":191168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taira","given":"Taka’aki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie 0000-0003-0510-1989 sprejean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":172404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":55600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187477,"text":"70187477 - 2015 - Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T10:07:04","indexId":"70187477","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection","docAbstract":"The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c. 2 million km2. Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In 2010 we gathered information on current and past (1990, the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards and five sympatric large mammals across 14,000 km2 of the Kyrgyz Alay. We interviewed 95 key informants from local communities. Across 49 400-km2 grid cells we obtained 1,606 and 962 records of species occurrence (site use) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The data were analysed using the multi-season site occupancy framework to incorporate uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past was recorded in > 70% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two sampling periods 39% of sites showed a high probability of local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos (84% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii (47% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people. Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by lynx Lynx lynx in 41% of the sites. Although wildlife has declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes appear to retain high conservation value.
Weak seismic vibrations - tectonic tremor - can be used to delineate some plate boundary faults. Tremor on the deep San Andreas Fault, located at the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates, is thought to be a passive indicator of slow fault slip. San Andreas Fault tremor migrates at up to 30 m s-1, but the processes regulating tremor migration are unclear. Here I use a 12-year catalogue of more than 850,000 low-frequency earthquakes to systematically analyse the high-speed migration of tremor along the San Andreas Fault. I find that tremor migrates most effectively through regions of greatest tremor production and does not propagate through regions with gaps in tremor production. I interpret the rapid tremor migration as a self-regulating cascade of seismic ruptures along the fault, which implies that tremor may be an active, rather than passive participant in the slip propagation. I also identify an isolated group of tremor sources that are offset eastwards beneath the San Andreas Fault, possibly indicative of the interface between the Monterey Microplate, a hypothesized remnant of the subducted Farallon Plate, and the North American Plate. These observations illustrate a possible link between the central San Andreas Fault and tremor-producing subduction zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2335","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., 2015, San Andreas tremor cascades define deep fault zone complexity: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, no. 2, p. 145-252, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2335.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"252","ipdsId":"IP-057784","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -119.8,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -121.1,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -121.1,\n 36.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187038,"text":"70187038 - 2015 - Using SO2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, May 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T16:34:41","indexId":"70187038","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using SO2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, May 2010","docAbstract":"SO2 camera measurements at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, in May of 2010 captured two occurrences of lava lake rise and fall within the Halema'um'au Crater summit vent. During high lava stands we observed diminished SO2 emission rates and decreased seismic tremor. Similar events at Kīlauea have been described as the result of sporadic degassing following gas accumulation beneath a mostly impermeable lava lake surface. Incorporation of SO2 camera data into a multi-parameter dataset gives credence to the likelihood of shallow gas accumulation as the cause of these high stand events, with accumulated gas release upon lake-level drop compensating for the gas deficit reached during accumulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.005","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, P., Werner, C.A., Waite, G.P., Carn, S.A., Brewer, I.D., Elias, T., Sutton, A., and Kern, C., 2015, Using SO2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, May 2010: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 300, p. 70-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-056694","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.32041549682617,\n 19.344998502547103\n ],\n [\n -155.25501251220703,\n 19.344998502547103\n ],\n [\n -155.25501251220703,\n 19.4303341116379\n ],\n [\n -155.32041549682617,\n 19.4303341116379\n ],\n [\n -155.32041549682617,\n 19.344998502547103\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"300","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bae4b0b7ea54521c2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Patricia A","contributorId":191164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Patricia A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waite, Gregory P.","contributorId":146613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carn, Simon A","contributorId":191165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carn","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Ian D","contributorId":191166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutton, Andrew ajsutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":156244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"Andrew","email":"ajsutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188036,"text":"70188036 - 2015 - Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-28T16:22:27","indexId":"70188036","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite","docAbstract":"Accurate information about three-dimensional canopy structure and wildland fuel across the landscape is necessary for fire behaviour modelling system predictions. Remotely sensed data are invaluable for assessing these canopy characteristics over large areas; lidar data, in particular, are uniquely suited for quantifying three-dimensional canopy structure. Although lidar data are increasingly available, they have rarely been applied to wildland fuels mapping efforts, mostly due to two issues. First, the Landscape Fire and Resource Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) program, which has become the default source of large-scale fire behaviour modelling inputs for the US, does not currently incorporate lidar data into the vegetation and fuel mapping process because spatially continuous lidar data are not available at the national scale. Second, while lidar data are available for many land management units across the US, these data are underutilized for fire behaviour applications. This is partly due to a lack of local personnel trained to process and analyse lidar data. This investigation addresses these issues by developing the Creating Hybrid Structure from LANDFIRE/lidar Combinations (CHISLIC) tool. CHISLIC allows individuals to automatically generate a suite of vegetation structure and wildland fuel parameters from lidar data and infuse them into existing LANDFIRE data sets. CHISLIC will become available for wider distribution to the public through a partnership with the U.S. Forest Service’s Wildland Fire Assessment System (WFAS) and may be incorporated into the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) with additional design and testing. WFAS and WFDSS are the primary systems used to support tactical and strategic wildland fire management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Frances","doi":"10.1080/2150704X.2015.1029086","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B., Nelson, K., Seielstad, C., Stoker, J.M., Jolly, W.M., and Parsons, R., 2015, Automated integration of lidar into the LANDFIRE product suite: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 6, no. 3, p. 247-256, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2015.1029086.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"256","ipdsId":"IP-057258","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bee4b092b266f10d5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Birgit 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":192353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seielstad, Carl","contributorId":192354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seielstad","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jolly, W. Matt","contributorId":192355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolly","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsons, Russell","contributorId":192356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsons","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187035,"text":"70187035 - 2015 - An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T16:07:56","indexId":"70187035","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado","docAbstract":"Among large ignimbrites, the Bonanza Tuff and its source caldera in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field display diverse depositional and structural features that provide special insights concerning eruptive processes and caldera development. In contrast to the nested loci for successive ignimbrite eruptions at many large multicyclic calderas elsewhere, Bonanza caldera is an areally isolated structure that formed in response to a single ignimbrite eruption. The adjacent Marshall caldera, the nonresurgent lava-filled source for the 33.9-Ma Thorn Ranch Tuff, is the immediate precursor for Bonanza, but projected structural boundaries of two calderas are largely or entirely separate even though the western topographic rim of Bonanza impinges on the older caldera. Bonanza, source of a compositionally complex regional ignimbrite sheet erupted at 33.12 ± 0.03 Ma, is a much larger caldera system than previously recognized. It is a subequant structure ∼20 km in diameter that subsided at least 3.5 km during explosive eruption of ∼1000 km3 of magma, then resurgently domed its floor a similar distance vertically. Among its features: (1) varied exposure levels of an intact caldera due to rugged present-day topography—from Paleozoic and Precambrian basement rocks that are intruded by resurgent plutons, upward through precaldera volcanic floor, to a single thickly ponded intracaldera ignimbrite (Bonanza Tuff), interleaved landslide breccia, and overlying postcollapse lavas; (2) large compositional gradients in the Bonanza ignimbrite (silicic andesite to rhyolite ignimbrite; 60%–76% SiO2); (3) multiple alternations of mafic and silicic zones within a single ignimbrite, rather than simple upward gradation to more mafic compositions; (4) compositional contrasts between outflow sectors of the ignimbrite (mainly crystal-poor rhyolite to east, crystal-rich dacite to west); (5) similarly large compositional diversity among postcollapse caldera-fill lavas and resurgent intrusions; (6) brief time span for the entire caldera cycle (33.12 to ca. 33.03 Ma); (7) an exceptionally steep-sided resurgent dome, with dips of 40°–50° on west and 70°–80° on northeast flanks. Some near-original caldera morphology has been erosionally exhumed and remains defined by present-day landforms (western topographic rim, resurgent core, and ring-fault valley), while tilting and deep erosion provide three-dimensional exposures of intracaldera fill, floor, and resurgent structures. The absence of Plinian-fall deposits beneath proximal ignimbrites at Bonanza and other calderas in the region is interpreted as evidence for early initiation of pyroclastic flows, rather than lack of a high eruption column. Although the absence of a Plinian deposit beneath some ignimbrites elsewhere has been interpreted to indicate that abrupt rapid foundering of the magma-body roof initiated the eruption, initial caldera collapse began at Bonanza only after several hundred kilometers of rhyolitic tuff had erupted, as indicated by the minor volume of this composition in the basal intracaldera ignimbrite. Caldera-filling ignimbrite has been largely stripped from the southern and eastern flank of the Bonanza dome, exposing large areas of caldera-floor as a structurally coherent domed plate, bounded by ring faults with locations that are geometrically closely constrained even though largely concealed beneath valley alluvium. The structurally coherent floor at Bonanza contrasts with fault-disrupted floors at some well-exposed multicyclic calderas where successive ignimbrite eruptions caused recurrent subsidence. Floor rocks at Bonanza are intensely brecciated within ∼100 m inboard of ring faults, probably due to compression and crushing of the subsiding floor in proximity to steep inward-dipping faults. Upper levels of the floor are locally penetrated by dike-like crack fills of intracaldera ignimbrite, interpreted as dilatant fracture fills rather than ignimbrite vents. The resurgence geometry at Bonanza has implications for intracaldera-ignimbrite volume; this parameter may have been overestimated at some young calderas elsewhere, with bearing on outflow-intracaldera ratios and times of initial caldera collapse. Such features at Bonanza provide insights for interpreting calderas universally, with respect to processes of caldera collapse and resurgence, inception of subsidence in relation to progression of the ignimbrite eruption, complications with characterizing structural versus topographic margins of calderas, contrasts between intra- versus extracaldera ignimbrite, and limitations in assessing volumes of large caldera-forming eruptions. Bonanza provides a rare site where intact caldera margins and floor are exhumed and exposed, providing valuable perspectives for understanding younger similar calderas in some of the world’s most active and dangerous silicic provinces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01184.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Zimmerer, M.J., and McIntosh, W.C., 2015, An ignimbrite caldera from the bottom up: Exhumed floor and fill of the resurgent Bonanza caldera, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1902-1947, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01184.1.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"1902","endPage":"1947","ipdsId":"IP-062954","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01184.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bbe4b0b7ea54521c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerer, Matthew J.","contributorId":191162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntosh, William C.","contributorId":191163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188039,"text":"70188039 - 2015 - Assessing the vegetation condition impacts of the 2011 drought across the U.S. southern Great Plains using the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T16:05:47","indexId":"70188039","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5202,"text":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology","onlineIssn":"1558-8432","printIssn":"1558-8424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the vegetation condition impacts of the 2011 drought across the U.S. southern Great Plains using the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI)","docAbstract":"The vegetation drought response index (VegDRI), which combines traditional climate- and satellite-based approaches for assessing vegetation conditions, offers new insights into assessing the impacts of drought from local to regional scales. In 2011, the U.S. southern Great Plains, which includes Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico, was plagued by moderate to extreme drought that was intensified by an extended period of record-breaking heat. The 2011 drought presented an ideal case study to evaluate the performance of VegDRI in characterizing developing drought conditions. Assessment of the spatiotemporal drought patterns represented in the VegDRI maps showed that the severity and patterns of the drought across the region corresponded well to the record warm temperatures and much-below-normal precipitation reported by the National Climatic Data Center and the sectoral drought impacts documented by the Drought Impact Reporter (DIR). VegDRI values and maps also showed the evolution of the drought signal before the Las Conchas Fire (the largest fire in New Mexico’s history). Reports in the DIR indicated that the 2011 drought had major adverse impacts on most rangeland and pastures in Texas and Oklahoma, resulting in total direct losses of more than $12 billion associated with crop, livestock, and timber production. These severe impacts on vegetation were depicted by the VegDRI at subcounty, state, and regional levels. This study indicates that the VegDRI maps can be used with traditional drought indicators and other in situ measures to help producers and government officials with various management decisions, such as justifying disaster assistance, assessing fire risk, and identifying locations to move livestock for grazing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0048.1","usgsCitation":"Tadesse, T., Wardlow, B.D., Brown, J.F., Svoboda, M., Hayes, M., Fuchs, B., and Gutzmer, D., 2015, Assessing the vegetation condition impacts of the 2011 drought across the U.S. southern Great Plains using the vegetation drought response index (VegDRI): Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, v. 54, p. 153-169, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0048.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"169","ipdsId":"IP-057569","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bee4b092b266f10d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D. 0000-0002-4767-581X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-581X","contributorId":191403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svoboda, Mark","contributorId":192357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svoboda","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayes, Michael","contributorId":192358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuchs, Brian","contributorId":192359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuchs","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gutzmer, Denise","contributorId":192360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutzmer","given":"Denise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70191822,"text":"70191822 - 2015 - Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T10:34:40","indexId":"70191822","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America","docAbstract":"Invasive transformer species change the character, condition, form, or nature of ecosystems and deserve considerable attention from conservation scientists. We applied the transformer species concept to the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in western North America, where the pathogen was introduced around 1900. Y. pestis transforms grassland ecosystems by severely depleting the abundance of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and thereby causing declines in native species abundance and diversity, including threatened and endangered species; altering food web connections; altering the import and export of nutrients; causing a loss of ecosystem resilience to encroaching invasive plants; and modifying prairie dog burrows. Y. pestis poses an important challenge to conservation biologists because it causes trophic-level perturbations that affect the stability of ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding of the effects of Y. pestis on ecosystems is rudimentary, highlighting an acute need for continued research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12498","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2015, Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America: Conservation Biology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1086-1093, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12498.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1086","endPage":"1093","ipdsId":"IP-064632","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683de4b05fe04cd4d249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191726,"text":"70191726 - 2015 - Field trip guidebook for the post-meeting field trip: The Central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T13:21:31","indexId":"70191726","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field trip guidebook for the post-meeting field trip: The Central Appalachians","docAbstract":"The lower Paleozoic rocks to be examined on this trip through the central Appalachians represent an extreme range of depositional environments. The lithofacies we will examine range from pelagic radiolarian chert and interbedded mudstone that originated on the deep floor of the Iapetus Ocean, through mud cracked supratidal dolomitic laminites that formed during episodes of emergence of the long-lived Laurentian carbonate platform, to meandering fluvial conglomerate and interstratified overbank mudstone packages deposited in the latest stages of infilling of the Taconic foredeep. In many ways this field trip is about contrasts. The Upper Cambrian (Furongian) and Lower Ordovician deposits of the Sauk megasequence record deposition controlled primarily by eustatic sea level sea level fluctuations that influenced deposition along the passive, southern (Appalachian) margin of the paleocontinent of Laurentia. The only tectonic influence apparent in these passive margin deposits is the expected thickening of the carbonate stack toward the platform margin as compared to the thinner (and typically shallower) facies that formed farther in toward the paleoshoreline. Carbonates overwhelmingly dominate the passive margin succession. Clastic influx was minimal and consisted largely of eastward transport of clean cratonic sands across the platform from the adjacent inner detrital belt to the west during higher order (2nd and 3rd order) regressions.
In contrast, Middle and Upper Ordovician deposits of the Tippecanoe megasequence record the strong influence of tectonics, specifically Iapetus closure. The first signal of this tectonic transformation was the arrival of arc-related ash beds that abound in the active margin carbonates. Subsequent intensification of Taconic orogenesis resulted in the foundering of the carbonate platform under the onslaught of fine siliciclastics arriving from offshore tectonic sources to the east, creating a deep marine flysch basin where graptolitic shale and sandstone turbidites accumulated. The foreland basin thus created would fill with progressively coarser and more shallow/proximal clastic facies through the Upper Ordovician, culminating in deposition of fluvial redbeds that cap the Taconic clastic wedge. Arguably the most controversial rocks within the Tippecanoe Sequence in this area are unusual, Lower Ordovician deep marine facies that are associated with the much younger flysch of the Martinsburg Formation in the Great Valley of eastern Pennsylvania. Long considered the erosional remnants of a Taconic-style thrust sheet, and referred to as the Hamburg Klippe, these deep marine deposits have recently been reinterpreted as olistostromal deposits that were introduced by gravity sliding into the flysch basin contemporaneous with Martinsburg deposition.
Besides their constituent lithofacies, rocks of the Sauk and Tippecanoe megasequences also present a stark contrast in faunas. Cambrian and Lower Ordovician faunas predate the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), a global event that saw unprecedented diversification within many major invertebrate groups (mollusks, corals, and bryozoans to name a few) that previously were only minor components of the marine fauna. Unfortunately, the much higher diversity of Middle and Upper Ordovician faunas wrought by the GOBE is somewhat muted in this region by the stresses introduced by conversion of the Appalachian shelf into a flysch basin. Another noteworthy difference between the Cambrian and Ordovician biota related to the paleogeographic setting of the rocks to be examined on this trip derives from their evolution in the shallow marine environments of Laurentia. Several shelf-wide extinctions decimated the shallow marine faunas of the Laurentian shelf through the late Cambrian producing stage-level biostratigraphic units known as biomeres. The biomere phenomenon is discussed in this guidebook and a few stops to examine Cambrian faunas and one biomere boundary extinction are included to provide contrast with stage boundary extinctions that occurred later, in the Ordovician, that lack the defining attributes of the biomere boundary extinctions. Again, it’s all about contrast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropress","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.F., Loch, J.D., Ganis, G., Repetski, J.E., Mitchell, C.E., Blackmer, G.C., Brezinski, D.K., Goldman, D., Orndorff, R.C., and Sell, B.K., 2015, Field trip guidebook for the post-meeting field trip: The Central Appalachians: Stratigraphy, v. 12, no. 3-4, p. 297-413.","productDescription":"117 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-068793","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346787,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/stratigraphy/issue-317/article-1939"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Central Appalachians","volume":"12","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebefe4b0da30c1bfc6a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, John F.","contributorId":80890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loch, James D.","contributorId":20139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loch","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganis, G. Robert","contributorId":197316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ganis","given":"G. 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II. Group comparisons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T13:26:42","indexId":"70189701","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets. II. Group comparisons","docAbstract":"The main classes of statistical treatments that have been used to determine if two groups of censored environmental data arise from the same distribution are substitution methods, maximum likelihood (MLE) techniques, and nonparametric methods. These treatments along with using all instrument-generated data (IN), even those less than the detection limit, were evaluated by examining 550 data sets in which the true values of the censored data were known, and therefore “true” probabilities could be calculated and used as a yardstick for comparison. It was found that technique “quality” was strongly dependent on the degree of censoring present in the groups. For low degrees of censoring (<25% in each group), the Generalized Wilcoxon (GW) technique and substitution of √2/2 times the detection limit gave overall the best results. For moderate degrees of censoring, MLE worked best, but only if the distribution could be estimated to be normal or log-normal prior to its application; otherwise, GW was a suitable alternative. For higher degrees of censoring (each group >40% censoring), no technique provided reliable estimates of the true probability. Group size did not appear to influence the quality of the result, and no technique appeared to become better or worse than other techniques relative to group size. Finally, IN appeared to do very well relative to the other techniques regardless of censoring or group size.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02385","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., 2015, Evaluation of statistical treatments of left-censored environmental data using coincident uncensored data sets. II. Group comparisons: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 22, p. 13439-13446, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02385.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13439","endPage":"13446","ipdsId":"IP-066901","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c5e4b0ec1a4885dae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189762,"text":"70189762 - 2015 - Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T15:17:57","indexId":"70189762","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]","docAbstract":"The authors regret that the application of the t-plot to determine the presence of micropores in the three sorbents needs the following corrections: (1) Fig. 1a, c, e are N2(g) adsorption and desorption isotherms” (remove “BET”). This correction applies to descriptions in the text as well. (2) Table 2, the column titled “Micropores” is mislabelled, and should be labelled “Film thickness”, which may not equal the pore width. The column titled “Micropore volume” is a correct description for laterite volume 0.0022 cm3 g−1 (t = 0.3–0.5 nm), but the other pore volumes listed cannot be identified as corresponding to micropores. They likely comprise both micropores and mesopores in laterite, while the presence of micropores in activated alumina is not clear. The positive y-intercept for the lowest linear portion of the laterite t-plot curve indicates micropores (Fig. 1f), and the shape of the t-plot curve suggests the presence of both micropores and mesopores. The shape of the activated alumina t-plot curve suggests the presence of micropores and mesopores, but the zero intercept for the lowest linear portion of the curve (Fig. 1b) creates uncertainty regarding the presence of micropores. Also see Storck et al., 1998; Hay et al. 2011 and references therein. (Additional note: analytical instrument Micromeritics® was misspelled as “Micrometrics”).
The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016","usgsCitation":"Craig, L., Stillings, L.L., Decker, D.L., and Thomas, J.M., 2015, Corrigendum to “Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana” [Appl. Geochem. 56 (2015) 50–66]: Applied Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 451-451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"451","ipdsId":"IP-088988","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59770751e4b0ec1a48889f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Laura","contributorId":173675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":27270,"text":"American Rivers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":193548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, David L.","contributorId":193549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":195094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189826,"text":"70189826 - 2015 - Analysis and selection of magnitude relations for the Working Group on Utah Earthquake Probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-27T16:10:12","indexId":"70189826","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Analysis and selection of magnitude relations for the Working Group on Utah Earthquake Probabilities","docAbstract":"Prior to calculating time-independent and -dependent earthquake probabilities for faults in the Wasatch Front region, the Working Group on Utah Earthquake Probabilities (WGUEP) updated a seismic-source model for the region (Wong and others, 2014) and evaluated 19 historical regressions on earthquake magnitude (M). These regressions relate M to fault parameters for historical surface-faulting earthquakes, including linear fault length (e.g., surface-rupture length [SRL] or segment length), average displacement, maximum displacement, rupture area, seismic moment (Mo ), and slip rate. These regressions show that significant epistemic uncertainties complicate the determination of characteristic magnitude for fault sources in the Basin and Range Province (BRP). For example, we found that M estimates (as a function of SRL) span about 0.3–0.4 units (figure 1) owing to differences in the fault parameter used; age, quality, and size of historical earthquake databases; and fault type and region considered.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin and Range Province Seismic Hazards Summit III, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 15-5","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Basin and Range Province Seismic Hazards Summit III","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., Olig, S., and Schwartz, D., 2015, Analysis and selection of magnitude relations for the Working Group on Utah Earthquake Probabilities, in Basin and Range Province Seismic Hazards Summit III, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 15-5, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064153","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344373,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/misc_pubs/mp-15-5/mp-15-5_technical_sessions1-2.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597afba7e4b0a38ca2750b6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olig, Susan","contributorId":195184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olig","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David","contributorId":195185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}