The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 105 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Zane Hills area in the Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29453","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M., Granitto, M., and Azain, J.S., 2015, Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29453.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-064898","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/webpubs/dggs/rdf/text/rdf2015_009.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 67.13582938531948\n ],\n [\n -156.90673828125,\n 66.23145747862573\n ],\n [\n -152.1826171875,\n 66.19600891267761\n ],\n [\n -150.27099609375003,\n 66.19600891267761\n ],\n [\n -150.1171875,\n 67.00742808549913\n ],\n [\n -150.13916015625,\n 67.15289820820026\n ],\n [\n -149.96337890625,\n 67.2720426739952\n ],\n [\n -149.8974609375,\n 67.62595438857817\n ],\n [\n -152.11669921874997,\n 67.61758898023682\n ],\n [\n -153.47900390625,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -155.36865234375,\n 67.61758898023682\n ],\n [\n -156.42333984375,\n 67.65103282074831\n ],\n [\n -156.708984375,\n 67.13582938531948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b3e4b0764e6c5e88c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":53345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Azain, Jaime S. 0000-0002-8256-7494 jsazain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":5963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime","email":"jsazain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185561,"text":"70185561 - 2015 - Modifications to risk-targeted seismic design maps for subduction and near-fault hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T13:23:06","indexId":"70185561","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modifications to risk-targeted seismic design maps for subduction and near-fault hazards","docAbstract":"ASCE 7-10 introduced new seismic design maps that define risk-targeted ground motions such that buildings designed according to these maps will have 1% chance of collapse in 50 years. These maps were developed by iterative risk calculation, wherein a generic building collapse fragility curve is convolved with the U.S. Geological Survey hazard curve until target risk criteria are met. Recent research shows that this current approach may be unconservative at locations where the tectonic environment is much different than that used to develop the generic fragility curve. This study illustrates how risk-targeted ground motions at selected sites would change if generic building fragility curve and hazard assessment were modified to account for seismic risk from subduction earthquakes and near-fault pulses. The paper also explores the difficulties in implementing these changes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th international conference on applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering (ICASP12)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ICASP12: 12th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 12-15, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Civil Engineering Risk and Reliability Association","doi":"10.14288/1.0076228","usgsCitation":"Liel, A.B., Luco, N., Raghunandan, M., and Champion, C., 2015, Modifications to risk-targeted seismic design maps for subduction and near-fault hazards, in Proceedings of the 12th international conference on applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering (ICASP12), Vancouver, Canada, July 12-15, 2015, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0076228.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064652","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58edbb59e4b0eed1ab8c6f56","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Haukaas, Terje","contributorId":190761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haukaas","given":"Terje","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690635,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Liel, Abbie B.","contributorId":184158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liel","given":"Abbie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luco, Nico 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":145730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nico","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raghunandan, Meera","contributorId":184157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raghunandan","given":"Meera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, C.","contributorId":189761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champion","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171513,"text":"70171513 - 2015 - Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T11:35:15","indexId":"70171513","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning","docAbstract":"The catastrophic collapses of Larsen A and B ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have caused their tributary glaciers to accelerate, contributing to sea-level rise and freshening the Antarctic Bottom Water formed nearby. The surface of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), the largest ice shelf on the peninsula, is lowering. This could be caused by unbalanced ocean melting (ice loss) or enhanced firn melting and compaction (englacial air loss). Using a novel method to analyse eight radar surveys, this study derives separate estimates of ice and air thickness changes during a 15-year period. The uncertainties are considerable, but the primary estimate is that the surveyed lowering (0.066 ± 0.017 m yr−1) is caused by both ice loss (0.28 ± 0.18 m yr−1) and firn-air loss (0.037 ± 0.026 m yr−1). The ice loss is much larger than the air loss, but both contribute approximately equally to the lowering because the ice is floating. The ice loss could be explained by high basal melting and/or ice divergence, and the air loss by low surface accumulation or high surface melting and/or compaction. The primary estimate therefore requires that at least two forcings caused the surveyed lowering. Mechanisms are discussed by which LCIS stability could be compromised in the future. The most rapid pathways to collapse are offered by the ungrounding of LCIS from Bawden Ice Rise or ice-front retreat past a \"compressive arch\" in strain rates. Recent evidence suggests that either mechanism could pose an imminent risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","usgsCitation":"Holland, P.R., Brisbourne, A., Corr, H.F., Mcgrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H.A., Paolo, F.S., and Fleming, A., 2015, Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 1005-1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1024","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061744","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b7e4b053f0edd03c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, P. R.","contributorId":169934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brisbourne, A.","contributorId":169935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brisbourne","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corr, H. F. J.","contributorId":68214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corr","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purdon, K.","contributorId":169937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purdon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paden, J.","contributorId":169978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fricker, H. A.","contributorId":169979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fricker","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paolo, F. S.","contributorId":169980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paolo","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fleming, A.H.","contributorId":43529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70191253,"text":"70191253 - 2015 - Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:01:00","indexId":"70191253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","docAbstract":"Trace element and Os isotope data for Lisburne Group metalliferous black shales of Middle Mississippian (early Chesterian) age in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska suggest that metals were sourced chiefly from local seawater (including biogenic detritus) but also from externally derived hydrothermal fluids. These black shales are interbedded with phosphorites and limestones in sequences 3 to 35 m thick; deposition occurred mainly on a carbonate ramp during intermittent upwelling under varying redox conditions, from suboxic to anoxic to sulfidic. Deposition of the black shales at ~335 Ma was broadly contemporaneous with sulfide mineralization in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, which formed in a distal marginal basin.
Relative to the composition of average black shale, the metalliferous black shales (n = 29) display large average enrichment factors (>10) for Zn (10.1), Cd (11.0), and Ag (20.1). Small enrichments (>2–<10) are shown by V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, Pt, U, Se, Y, and all rare earth elements except Ce, Nd, and Sm. A detailed stratigraphic profile over 23 m in the Skimo Creek area (central Brooks Range) indicates that samples from at and near the top of the section, which accumulated during a period of major upwelling and is broadly correlative with the stratigraphic levels of the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, have the highest Zn/TOC (total organic carbon), Cu/TOC, and Tl/TOC ratios for calculated marine fractions (no detrital component) of these three metals.
Average authigenic (detrital-free) contents of Mo, V, U, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ge, Re, Se, As, Sb, Tl, Pd, and Au show enrichment factors of 4.3 × 103 to 1.2 × 106 relative to modern seawater. Such moderate enrichments, which are common in other metalliferous black shales, suggest wholly marine sources (seawater and biogenic material) for these metals, given similar trends for enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments of modern upwelling zones on the Namibian, Peruvian, and Chilean shelves. The largest enrichment factors for Zn and Ag are much higher (1.4 × 107 and 2.9 × 107, respectively), consistent with an appreciable hydrothermal component. Other metals such as Cu, Pb, and Tl that are concentrated in several black shale samples, and are locally abundant in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, may have a partly hydrothermal origin but this cannot be fully established with the available data. Enrichments in Cr (up to 7.8 × 106) are attributed to marine and not hydrothermal processes. The presence in some samples of large enrichments in Eu (up to 6.1 × 107) relative to modern seawater and of small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* up to 1.12) are considered unrelated to hydrothermal activity, instead being linked to early diagenetic processes within sulfidic pore fluids.
Initial Os isotope ratios (187Os/188Os) calculated for a paleontologically based depositional age of 335 Ma reveal moderately unradiogenic values of 0.24 to 0.88 for four samples of metalliferous black shale. A proxy for the ratio of coeval early Chesterian seawater is provided by initial (187Os/188Os)335 Ma ratios of four unaltered black shales of the coeval Kuna Formation that average 1.08, nearly identical to the initial ratio of 1.06 for modern seawater. Evaluation of possible sources of unradiogenic Os in the metalliferous black shales suggests that the most likely source was mafic igneous rocks that were leached by externally derived hydrothermal fluids. This unradiogenic Os is interpreted to have been leached by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids in the Kuna basin, followed by venting of the fluids into overlying seawater.
We propose that metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids that formed Zn-Pb-Ag deposits such as Red Dog or Drenchwater vented into seawater in a marginal basin, were carried by upwelling currents onto the margins of a shallow-water carbonate platform, and were then deposited in organic-rich muds, together with seawater- and biogenically derived components, by syngenetic sedimentary processes. Metal concentration in the black shales was promoted by high biologic productivity, sorption onto organic matter, diffusion across redox boundaries, a low sedimentation rate, and availability of H2S in bottom waters and pore fluids.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Mather, M.E., Gerber, K.M., and Peterson, Z., 2015, Assessing distribution and movement of blue catfish in Kansas reservoirs: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-117-2015, ii, 105 p.","productDescription":"ii, 105 p.","numberOfPages":"198","ipdsId":"IP-065549","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/document/id/2112/rec/1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c97e4b06e28e9cabb12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerber, Kayla M.","contributorId":200178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Zachary","contributorId":201498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Zachary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192019,"text":"70192019 - 2015 - Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:06:24","indexId":"70192019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","title":"Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","docAbstract":"Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5°C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions.
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otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141607,"text":"70141607 - 2015 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T17:07:42","indexId":"70141607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"This book grew out of a topical session on “Central Virginia Earthquakes of 2011: Geology, Geophysics, and Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America” at the 2012 The Geological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina (USA). It also benefitted from related sessions at other meetings. The goal of this volume, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake, and Its Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America, is to bring together as much information as possible on lessons learned from this rare event. Chapters encompass a wide range of geoscience, engineering, and related studies of this earthquake and its effects from the epicentral area in central Virginia to Washington, D.C., and beyond. The intended audience is a broad spectrum of geoscientists, engineers, and decision makers interested in understanding earthquakes and seismic hazards in eastern North America and other intraplate settings. Chapters by Berti et al. (21), Chapman (2), Costain (8), Davenport et al. (15), Green et al. (9), Heller and Carter (10), Horton et al. (14), Hughes et al. (19), Powars et al. (23), Pratt et al. (16), Roeloffs et al. (7), Shah et al. (17), Stephenson et al. (3), Walsh et al. (18), and Wells et al. (12) are expansions of presentations at the 2012 GSA meeting. The volume also contains chapters from recent studies that were not presented at the GSA meeting, including those by Bobyarchick (22), Burton et al. (20), Dreiling and Mooney (5), Li et al. (11), McNamara et al. (4), Pollitz and Mooney (6), and Shahidi et al. (13). Following an overview and synthesis by the volume editors (1), chapters are arranged under the topical headings “Seismology and Regional Effects,” “Earthquake Damage, Geotechnical, and Engineering Investigations,” “Aftershocks, Geophysical Imaging, and Modeling,” “Geologic Investigations—Epicentral Area,” and “Geologic Investigations— Central Virginia Seismic Zone and Nearby Faults.”
We thank the authors for their contributions and the many scientists and engineers who contributed time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts to substantially improve the quality of the volume. These reviewers include Gail Atkinson, Christopher Bailey, Richard Berquist, Kimberly Blisniuk, Paul Bodin, Aaron Bradshaw, Clive Collins, Ariel Conn, Randy Cox, Haitham Dawood, James Dewey, John Ebel, David Fenster, Alexander Gates, Kathleen Haller, Gregory Hancock, Robert Hatcher, William Henika, Paul Hsieh, Steven Jaumé, Jeffrey Kimball, Charles Langston, Jongwon Lee, Andrea Llenos, John McBride, Scott Olson, Michael Oskin, Brent Owens, Gilles Peltzer, Mark Quigley, Dhananjay Ravat, David Saftner, Arthur Snoke, Jamison Steidl, Kevin Stewart, Alice Stieve, Danielle Sumy, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Roy Van Arsdale, Mason Walters, Chiyuen Wang, Yang Wang, Richard Whittecar, Lorraine Wolf, Clint Wood, Liam Wotherspoon, and some anonymous reviewers.
Switchgrass is being evaluated as a potential feedstock source for cellulosic biofuels and is being cultivated in several regions of the United States. The recent availability of switchgrass land cover maps derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layer for the conterminous United States provides an opportunity to assess the environmental conditions of switchgrass over large areas and across different geographic locations. The main goal of this study is to develop a data-driven multiple regression switchgrass productivity model and identify the optimal climate and environment conditions for the highly productive switchgrass in the Great Plains (GP). Environmental and climate variables used in the study include elevation, soil organic carbon, available water capacity, climate, and seasonal weather. Satellite-derived growing season averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) was used as a proxy for switchgrass productivity. Multiple regression analyses indicate that there are strong correlations between site environmental variables and switchgrass productivity (r = 0.95). Sufficient precipitation and suitable temperature during the growing season (i.e., not too hot or too cold) are favorable for switchgrass growth. Elevation and soil characteristics (e.g., soil available water capacity) are also an important factor impacting switchgrass productivity. An anticipated switchgrass biomass productivity map for the entire GP based on site environmental and climate conditions and switchgrass productivity model was generated. Highly productive switchgrass areas are mainly located in the eastern part of the GP. Results from this study can help land managers and biofuel plant investors better understand the general environmental and climate conditions influencing switchgrass growth and make optimal land use decisions regarding switchgrass development in the GP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.013","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Wylie, B.K., and Howard, D., 2015, Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables: Ecological Indicators, v. 48, p. 472-476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.013.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046430","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 25.918526162075153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54faddb9e4b02419550db6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Daniel M. 0000-0002-7563-7538 dhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":4431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Daniel M.","email":"dhoward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156599,"text":"ofr20131280O - 2015 - Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 83)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156599,"text":"ofr20131280O - 2015 - Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 83)","indexId":"ofr20131280O","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 83)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:14:52.388109","indexId":"ofr20131280O","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"O","title":"Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 83)","docAbstract":"High-grade hematitic iron ores (or HIF, containing 60–65 percent Fe) have been mined in Mauritania from Superior-type iron deposits since 1952. Depletion of the high grade ores in recent years has resulted in a number of new projects focused on lower grade magnetite ores in Algoma-type banded iron formation (or BIF, containing approximately 35 percent Fe). Large deposits of oolitic-type iron ores are also present in Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks in Mauritania. According to recent U.S. Geological Survey figures, Mauritania is the fifteenth largest iron producer in the World and currently has about 1.1 billion tonnes of crude iron ore reserves (USGS, 2012).
\nThe main hosts for Algoma-type iron ore are BIF in: (1) the Mesoarchean rocks of the Tiris Complex and (2) Amsaga Complex, (3) the Mesoarchean Lebzenia Group in the greenstone belts of the Tasiast-Tijirit terrane, and (4) the Saouda Group of the Inchiri district. Neoarchean Algoma-type BIF is present in the (5) Eizzene and Oumachouema Groups of the Inchiri district, (6) the Ijibbitene Group of the Ijibbitene massif, and (7) the Guenieba and Gadel Groups of the Gorgol Noir Complex in the southern Mauritanides. Superior-type iron ores are restricted to the allochthonous Paleoproterozoic sequences of the Kediat Ijil and Guelb El Mhaoudat, which overlie the Tiris Complex. Paleoproterozoic BIF are present in the Sfariat belt, which hosts at least three known occurrences, and at Guelb Zednes, all of which are interpreted as fragments of Superior-type iron formation that have been either imbricated with or allochthonously deposited on the Mesoarchean-Paleoproterozoic suture zone during the Birimian orogeny.
\nPhanerozoic oolitic ironstones are hosted in the upper Silurian and lower Devonian rocks of the Gara Bouya Ali Group and the Zemmour Group in the Tindouf Basin in northern Mauritania and in the end Ordovician Tichit Group, the Silurian Oued Chig Group, and the lower Devonian Tenemouj Group in the Taoudeni Basin near Tidjikja. These rock groups define 11 permissive tracts for Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits in Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280O","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., Finn, C.A., Anderson, E.D., Joud, M., Taleb, M.A., and Horton, J.D., 2015, Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 83): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, xi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280O.","productDescription":"xi, 96 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052713","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280O.PNG"},{"id":319132,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_83-Sed_Fe-chapter_O.pdf","text":"Chapter O","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b31e4b0f59b85ddc2e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":1733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joud, M. Y.","contributorId":146959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joud","given":"M. Y.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taleb, M. A.","contributorId":146960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taleb","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156597,"text":"ofr20131280K - 2015 - Mineral potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 75)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156597,"text":"ofr20131280K - 2015 - Mineral potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 75)","indexId":"ofr20131280K","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Mineral potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 75)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:32:05.765553","indexId":"ofr20131280K","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"K","title":"Mineral potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 75)","docAbstract":"The presence of Neoproterozoic through Cambrian, continental, siliciclastic sedimentary rocks interbedded with dolomitic carbonates, shales, and glacial tillites similar to the Katanga Supergroup host rocks of the Central African Copperbelt and other sediment-hosted copper-bearing Proterozoic sequences worldwide, is first order criteria for consideration of the Neoproterozoic units of the Taoudeni Basin in Mauritania as prospective for sediment-hosted copper deposits. Review of the National Mineral Occurrences Database (Marsh and Anderson, 2015) and previous literature suggest that only a handful of small sediment-hosted copper occurrences have been found to date in Mauritania and that the resource potential for this deposit type is low. In the northern Taoudeni Basin, the most important occurrence is at Taradent. This occurrence consists of three mineralized horizons in the lower Neoproterozoic Char Group in three outcrop areas separated by alluvium over a strike length of 12 kilometers (km). The most extensively mineralized horizon consists of malachite and disseminated copper sulfides, and is concentrated at the base of a dolomitic interval, consistent with a reduced faciestype sediment-hosted copper deposit model. Additional and poorly described copper occurrences in the Taoudeni Basin margin sedimentary rocks in northeastern Mauritania, such as Chegga Guettatira and Sidi Bara, may be sediment-hosted copper occurrences and extend the potential throughout this portion of the Basin.
\nAdditional potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits is indicated in reports by the British Geological Survey (BGS; Gunn and others, 2004) and BRGM (Salpeteur, 2005) in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian sedimentary rocks (Teniagouri Group) of the central and southern Taoudeni Basin at a number of occurrences in the vicinity of Fouges, Weringuel, and Gig Zig. These occurrences exhibit characteristics consistent with a reduced-facies-type sediment-hosted copper deposit model and based on correlation of similar host rocks extend the potential throughout the entire Taoudeni Basin margin. Very poorly described copper occurrences in the northeastern and southeastern part of the Basin at Kreb en Naga, Kreb en Naga SW, Berbere, Dhar Nema, Dhar Nema 2, Saile, and Nejam-Medroume all are described as occurring in sedimentary rocks and are hosted by or are in close proximity to voluminous outcrops of Jurassic microgabbros (also referred to as dolerite or diabase). Uncertainty exists as to whether they are sediment-hosted copper occurrences. They are likely more closely analogous to copper occurrences associated with mafic igneous activity.
\nThe determination of whether reported copper occurrences and associated sedimentary rocks at Kreb en Naga and Kreb en Naga SW in the northeastern Taoudeni Basin and the Dhar Nema occurrences in the southeastern Taoudeni are permissive of sediment-hosted copper mineralization was inconclusive due to the absence of copper showings. While sedimentary host rocks at these locations must be broadly considered permissive, the absence of other favorable geologic features in these areas indicates that the potential for mineral deposits of this type is low. The widespread presence of mafic sills and dikes of Jurassic age throughout these areas and descriptions of associated minor copper mineralization suggests that many of the copper occurrences in these areas are not of the sediment-hosted copper type.
\nHighly speculative potential exists in the Coastal Basin for Revett-type copper deposits in unexposed Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstones that may contain structural traps with gas accumulations. Eocene continental red bed sandstones of the Gorgol Formation, where overlain by the shallow marine sedimentary rocks of the Rinndiao Formation, represent an additional low potential rock sequence within the southeastern portion of the Coastal Basin that is permissive of sediment-hosted copper deposits.
\nField examinations of outcrop areas in the vicinity of many of the known occurrences were performed in late 2007 to provide additional criteria for evaluating the potential for this type of mineralization in Mauritania. In general, the geographic coordinates of occurrences are imprecise and many of the occurrences could not be located. Examination of outcrops of the Char Group in the Taradent area confirms the permissive nature of these rocks for reduced-facies-type sediment-hosted copper deposits. Inspection of weak copper mineralization hosted by black shales at several occurrences in the Gadel-Maylime area confirms that these occurrences are also of the reduced-faciestype and that the black and green shales of the Bouly and Ould Yenje Formations are permissive. Reported copper analyses up to 0.75 percent copper at Taradent and a single analysis of mineralized shale in the Gadel-Maylime area containing 0.55 percent copper indicate that low grade ore material exists at these locations. However indications that such copper grades are continuous over significant intervals and present in large tonnages are lacking.
\nAlthough mineral occurrence data and descriptive geological information are adequate to delineate areas favorable for sediment-hosted copper deposits, this review indicates that potential for this type of deposit in Mauritania is low.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280K","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Giles, S.A., 2015, Mineral potential for sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 75): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, ix, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280K.","productDescription":"ix, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051518","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319126,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_75-Sed_Cu-chapter_K.pdf","text":"Chapter K"},{"id":319127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280K.PNG"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b5ce4b0f59b85ddc450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156598,"text":"ofr20131280L - 2015 - Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 77)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156598,"text":"ofr20131280L - 2015 - Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 77)","indexId":"ofr20131280L","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 77)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:24:35.116451","indexId":"ofr20131280L","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"L","title":"Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 77)","docAbstract":"Potential for base- and precious-metal-bearing volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (VMS) exists in Mauritania in the greenstone belts of the southwestern Rgueïbat Shield and in the allochthonous portions of the central and southern Mauritanides. Additional potential exists for VMS deposits within the Tiris Complex of the central Rgueïbat Shield. Volcanosedimentary successions of Paleoproterozoic rocks of the northeastern portion of the Rgueïbat Shield are also permissive for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. These types of mineral occurrences are common features of marine volcanosedimentary successions worldwide and can be of almost any age, although Proterozoic examples are less abundant.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280L","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Giles, S.A., 2015, Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 77): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280L.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052710","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280L.PNG"},{"id":319151,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_77-VMS-chapter_L.pdf","text":"Chapter L","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f26cd0e4b0f59b85deccec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156554,"text":"70156554 - 2015 - Evaluation of vector coastline features extracted from 'structure from motion'-derived elevation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T11:15:00","indexId":"70156554","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of vector coastline features extracted from 'structure from motion'-derived elevation data","docAbstract":"For extensive and remote coastlines, the absence of high-quality elevation models—for example, those produced with lidar—leaves some coastal populations lacking one of the essential elements for mapping shoreline positions or flood extents. Here, we compare seven different elevation products in a lowlying area in western Alaska to establish their appropriateness for coastal mapping applications that require the delineation of elevation-based vectors. We further investigate the effective use of a Structure from Motion (SfM)-derived surface model (vertical RMSE<20 cm) by generating a tidal datum-based shoreline and an inundation extent map for a 2011 flood event. Our results suggest that SfM-derived elevation products can yield elevation-based vector features that have horizontal positional uncertainties comparable to those derived from other techniques. We also provide a rule-of-thumb equation to aid in the selection of minimum elevation model specifications based on terrain slope, vertical uncertainties, and desired horizontal accuracy.
Deployment of temporary seismic stations after the 2011 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake produced a well-recorded aftershock sequence. The majority of aftershocks are in a tabular cluster that delineates the previously unknown Quail fault zone. Quail fault zone aftershocks range from ~3 to 8 km in depth and are in a 1-km-thick zone striking ~036° and dipping ~50°SE, consistent with a 028°, 50°SE main-shock nodal plane having mostly reverse slip. This cluster extends ~10 km along strike. The Quail fault zone projects to the surface in gneiss of the Ordovician Chopawamsic Formation just southeast of the Ordovician–Silurian Ellisville Granodiorite pluton tail. The following three clusters of shallow (<3 km) aftershocks illuminate other faults. (1) An elongate cluster of early aftershocks, ~10 km east of the Quail fault zone, extends 8 km from Fredericks Hall, strikes ~035°–039°, and appears to be roughly vertical. The Fredericks Hall fault may be a strand or splay of the older Lakeside fault zone, which to the south spans a width of several kilometers. (2) A cluster of later aftershocks ~3 km northeast of Cuckoo delineates a fault near the eastern contact of the Ordovician Quantico Formation. (3) An elongate cluster of late aftershocks ~1 km northwest of the Quail fault zone aftershock cluster delineates the northwest fault (described herein), which is temporally distinct, dips more steeply, and has a more northeastward strike. Some aftershock-illuminated faults coincide with preexisting units or structures evident from radiometric anomalies, suggesting tectonic inheritance or reactivation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(14)","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Shah, A.K., McNamara, D.E., Snyder, S.L., and Carter, A.M., 2015, Aftershocks illuminate the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake causative fault zone and nearby active faults: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 509, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(14).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053749","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e71738e4b02d776a66a00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. whorton@usgs.gov","contributorId":139352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Aina M","contributorId":139347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Aina","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70189458,"text":"70189458 - 2015 - Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T10:20:39","indexId":"70189458","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models","docAbstract":"A key component of the Mid-Atlantic Baseline Studies project was tracking the individual movements of focal marine bird species (Red-throated Loon [Gavia stellata], Northern Gannet [Morus bassanus], and Surf Scoter [Melanitta perspicillata]) through the use of satellite telemetry. This element of the project was a collaborative effort with the Department of Energy (DOE), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Sea Duck Joint Venture (SDJV), among other organizations. Satellite telemetry is an effective and informative tool for understanding individual animal movement patterns, allowing researchers to mark an individual once, and thereafter follow the movements of the animal in space and time. Aggregating telemetry data from multiple individuals can provide information about the spatial use and temporal movements of populations.
Tracking data is three dimensional, with the first two dimensions, X and Y, ordered along the third dimension, time. GIS software has many capabilities to store, analyze and visualize the location information, but little or no support for visualizing the temporal data, and tools for processing temporal data are lacking. We explored several ways of analyzing the movement patterns using the spatiotemporal data provided by satellite tags. Here, we present the results of one promising method: time-variant kernel density analysis (Keating and Cherry, 2009). The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate new methods in spatial analysis to visualize and interpret tracking data for a large number of individual birds across time in the mid-Atlantic study area and beyond. In this chapter, we placed greater emphasis on analytical methods than on the behavior and ecology of the animals tracked. For more detailed examinations of the ecology and wintering habitat use of the focal species in the midAtlantic, see Chapters 20-22.
","language":"English","publisher":"Biodiversity Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, A., Adams, E.M., Anderson, C., Berlin, A., Bowman, T.D., Connelly, E., Gilliland, S., Gray, C., Lepage, C., Meattey, D., Montevecchi, W., Osenkowski, J., Savoy, L., Stenhouse, I., and Williams, K., 2015, Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-085758","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.briloon.org/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82ee4b0d1f9f060a1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew","contributorId":194560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Evan M.","contributorId":139994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Carl","contributorId":194561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berlin, Alicia 0000-0002-5275-3077 aberlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":168416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connelly, Emily","contributorId":194562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connelly","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilliland, Scott","contributorId":194563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilliland","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Carrie E.","contributorId":127669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lepage, Christine","contributorId":194564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepage","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meattey, Dustin","contributorId":194565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meattey","given":"Dustin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Montevecchi, William","contributorId":171895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":26965,"text":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Osenkowski, Jason","contributorId":194566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenkowski","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Savoy, Lucas","contributorId":171896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savoy","given":"Lucas","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stenhouse, Iain","contributorId":194567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenhouse","given":"Iain","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Williams, Kathryn","contributorId":194568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70156594,"text":"ofr20131280J - 2015 - Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 73)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156594,"text":"ofr20131280J - 2015 - Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 73)","indexId":"ofr20131280J","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 73)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) 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Permissive tracts for undiscovered MVT Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the Proterozoic carbonate units are supported by the occurrences of MVT mineral and alteration assemblages, presence of evaporites, proximity to major orogenic events that have produced MVT ores elsewhere, red bed sequences and basal aquifers that may have been potential brine migration pathways for large MVT hydrothermal systems.
\nPermissive tracts for SEDEX (sedimentary exhalative) deposits coincide with those for MVT deposits. However, the geodynamic setting of the Taoudeni Basin is unlike that of SEDEX ores elsewhere on Earth, and therefore the potential for this class of deposits must be rather low. SEDEX deposits occur along tectonically active, shale dominated passive margins or in intracontinental rift basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280J","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Mauk, J.L., 2015, Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted lead-zinc-silver deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 73): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, vi, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280J.","productDescription":"vi, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052709","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319114,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_73-Sediment_Hosted_Pb_Zn_Ag-chapter_J.pdf","text":"Chapter J","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":319115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280J.PNG"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b66e4b0f59b85ddc4be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188439,"text":"70188439 - 2015 - Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T12:02:09","indexId":"70188439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5369,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"title":"Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","docAbstract":"The Salisbury embayment is a broad tectonic downwarp that is filled by generally seaward-thickening, wedge-shaped deposits of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain. Our two-day field trip will take us to the western side of this embayment from the Fall Zone in Washington, D.C., to some of the bluffs along Aquia Creek and the Potomac River in Virginia, and then to the Calvert Cliffs on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. We will see fluvial-deltaic Cretaceous deposits of the Potomac Formation. We will then focus on Cenozoic marine deposits. Transgressive and highstand deposits are stacked upon each other with unconformities separating them; rarely are regressive or lowstand deposits preserved. The Paleocene and Eocene shallow shelf deposits consist of glauconitic, silty sands that contain varying amounts of marine shells. The Miocene shallow shelf deposits consist of diatomaceous silts and silty and shelly sands. The lithology, thickness, dip, preservation, and distribution of the succession of coastal plain sediments that were deposited in our field-trip area are, to a great extent, structurally controlled. Surficial and subsurface mapping using numerous continuous cores, auger holes, water-well data, and seismic surveys has documented some folds and numerous high-angle reverse and normal faults that offset Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. Many of these structures are rooted in early Mesozoic and/or Paleozoic NE-trending regional tectonic fault systems that underlie the Atlantic Coastal Plain. On Day 1, we will focus on two fault systems (stops 1–2; Stafford fault system and the Skinkers Neck–Brandywine fault system and their constituent fault zones and faults). We will then see (stops 3–5) a few of the remaining exposures of largely unlithified marine Paleocene and Eocene strata along the Virginia side of the Potomac River including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum boundary clay. These exposures are capped by fluvial-estuarine Pleistocene terrace deposits. On Day 2, we will see (stops 6–9) the classic Miocene section along the ~25 miles (~40 km) of Calvert Cliffs in Maryland, including a possible fault and structural warping. Cores from nearby test holes will also be shown to supplement outcrops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.0040(07)","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., Edwards, L.E., Kidwell, S.M., and Schindler, J.S., 2015, Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region: GSA Field Guides, v. 40, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.0040(07).","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-066988","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593d0539e4b0764e6c61b65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidwell, Susan M.","contributorId":18003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33013,"text":"Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191861,"text":"70191861 - 2015 - Ordovician of Germany Valley, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T13:10:27","indexId":"70191861","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician of Germany Valley, West Virginia","docAbstract":"This trip will consist of stops at five locations (Fig. 1) that provide a detailed look at the strata in a major part of the Ordovician section in Germany Valley,\nPendleton County, West Virginia. At these stops, we will highlight a varied sequence of\ncarbonate and siliciclastic strata that accumulated during the Middle to Late Ordovician, and\nwhich record changes in depositional environments associated with Taconic tectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Micropress","usgsCitation":"Haynes, J.T., Goggin, K.E., Orndorff, R.C., and Goggin, L.R., 2015, Ordovician of Germany Valley, West Virginia: Stratigraphy, v. 12, no. 3-4, p. 1-45.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"45","ipdsId":"IP-070856","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346859,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/stratigraphy/issue-317/article-1930"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Pendleton County","otherGeospatial":"Germany Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.53208923339844,\n 38.63725461835644\n ],\n [\n -79.32746887207031,\n 38.63725461835644\n ],\n [\n -79.32746887207031,\n 38.858958910448536\n ],\n [\n -79.53208923339844,\n 38.858958910448536\n ],\n [\n -79.53208923339844,\n 38.63725461835644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebefe4b0da30c1bfc6a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":197407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goggin, Keith E.","contributorId":147155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goggin","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16797,"text":"Weatherford Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goggin, Lisa R.","contributorId":197408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goggin","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189246,"text":"70189246 - 2015 - Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-06T13:09:05","indexId":"70189246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah)","docAbstract":"Metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in the North American Cordillera reflect the effects of lithospheric extension and contribute to crustal adjustments both during and after a protracted subduction history along the Pacific plate margin. While the Miocene-to-recent history of most MCCs in the Great Basin, including the Raft River-Albion-Grouse Creek MCC, is well documented, early Cenozoic tectonic fabrics are commonly severely overprinted. We present stable isotope, geochronological (40Ar/39Ar), and microstructural data from the Raft River detachment shear zone. Hydrogen isotope ratios of syntectonic white mica (δ2Hms) from mylonitic quartzite within the shear zone are very low (−90‰ to −154‰, Vienna SMOW) and result from multiphase synkinematic interaction with surface-derived fluids. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals Eocene (re)crystallization of white mica with δ2Hms ≥ −154‰ in quartzite mylonite of the western segment of the detachment system. These δ2Hms values are distinctively lower than in localities farther east (δ2Hms ≥ −125‰), where 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data indicate Miocene (18–15 Ma) extensional shearing and mylonitic fabric formation. These data indicate that very low δ2H surface-derived fluids penetrated the brittle-ductile transition as early as the mid-Eocene during a first phase of exhumation along a detachment rooted to the east. In the eastern part of the core complex, prominent top-to-the-east ductile shearing, mid-Miocene 40Ar/39Ar ages, and higher δ2H values of recrystallized white mica, indicate Miocene structural and isotopic overprinting of Eocene fabrics.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014TC003766","usgsCitation":"Methner, K., Mulch, A., Teyssier, C., Wells, M.L., Cosca, M.A., Gottardi, R., Gebelin, A., and Chamberlain, C.P., 2015, Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah): Tectonics, v. 34, no. 4, p. 680-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003766.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"693","ipdsId":"IP-062317","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Raft River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c41e4b0d1f9f057e358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Methner, Katharina","contributorId":194316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Methner","given":"Katharina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulch, Andreas","contributorId":194317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teyssier, Christian","contributorId":193450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teyssier","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Michael L.","contributorId":194318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottardi, Raphael 0000-0002-6774-1343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-1343","contributorId":194320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottardi","given":"Raphael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gebelin, Aude","contributorId":194321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebelin","given":"Aude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. Page","contributorId":194322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Page","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70168372,"text":"ofr20131280N - 2015 - Uranium in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 81)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70168372,"text":"ofr20131280N - 2015 - Uranium in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 81)","indexId":"ofr20131280N","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","title":"Uranium in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 81)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T16:47:58.516665","indexId":"ofr20131280N","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"N","title":"Uranium in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 81)","docAbstract":"Mauritania has 80 known uranium mineral occurrences and is the current focus of active exploration for uranium by a number of private companies. Seventeen occurrences have had resource estimates published and can be considered as mineral deposits. Fourteen of these are calcrete-type deposits with a total resource of 138.3 million tonnes at an average grade of 331 ppm U3O8. The three bedrock-hosted deposits are granite hosted vein/shear zone type deposits with a total resource of 46.5 million tonnes at a grade of 248 ppm U3O8.
\nAll of the deposits and the majority of the other uranium occurrences are found in the Paleoproterozoic Rgueïbat Shield in areas underlain by the Cortege de Yetti, the Complexe de Tmeïmichatt Ghallamane and the Complexe d'Adam Esseder. This area is also visible in the PRISM airborne radiometric data as an extensive >4 ppm equivalent uranium anomaly.
\nUranium occurrences are also reported in the Tasiast-Tijirit Terrane of the Archean Rgueïbat Shield, the Mauritanide Belt, and the Coastal Basin. Geologic environments permissive for eight types of uranium deposits are recognized in Mauritania. These deposit types include: calcrete, granite-hosted vein/shear, alkaline intrusive, unconformity-associated, quartz pebble conglomerate, phosphate, sandstone, and red bed-type uranium deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280N","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Fernette, G., 2015, Uranium in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 81): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280N.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052712","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319072,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_81-Uranium-chapter_N.pdf","text":"Chapter N","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":319073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280N.PNG"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b7de4b0f59b85ddc575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernette, Gregory gfernette@usgs.gov","contributorId":149751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernette","given":"Gregory","email":"gfernette@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168371,"text":"ofr20131280M - 2015 - Iron oxide copper-gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 79)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70168371,"text":"ofr20131280M - 2015 - Iron oxide copper-gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 79)","indexId":"ofr20131280M","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Iron oxide copper-gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 79)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T16:48:28.709494","indexId":"ofr20131280M","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"M","title":"Iron oxide copper-gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 79)","docAbstract":"Mauritania hosts one significant copper-gold deposit, Guelb Moghrein and several occurrences, which have been categorized as iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits but which are atypical in some important respects. Nonetheless, Guelb Moghrein is an economically significant mineral deposit and an attractive exploration target. The deposit is of Archean age and is hosted by a distinctive metacarbonate rock which is part of a greenstone-banded iron formation (BIF) package within a thrust stack in the northern part of the Mauritanide Belt. The surrounding area hosts a number of similar copper-gold occurrences. Based on the characteristics of the Guelb Moghrein deposit and its geologic environment, five tracts which are considered permissive for IOCG type mineralization similar to Guelb Moghrein have been delineated.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280M","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Fernette, G., 2015, Iron oxide copper-gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 79): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280M.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052711","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280M.PNG"},{"id":319074,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_79-IOCG-chapter_M.pdf","text":"Chapter M","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b5ce4b0f59b85ddc446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernette, Gregory gfernette@usgs.gov","contributorId":149751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernette","given":"Gregory","email":"gfernette@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159547,"text":"ofr20131280B1 - 2015 - Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159547,"text":"ofr20131280B1 - 2015 - Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","indexId":"ofr20131280B1","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"B1","title":"Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T16:32:28.153188","indexId":"ofr20131280B1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"B1","title":"Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
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Models were developed with and without exclusion of rare taxa at a site. BRT models are robust, requiring few assumptions compared with traditional modeling techniques such as multiple linear regression. The BRT models were constructed to provide baseline support to stressor delineation by identifying natural physiographic and human land use gradients affecting stream biological condition statewide and for eight ecological regions within the state, as part of the development of numerical biological objectives for California’s wadeable streams. Regions were defined on the basis of ecological, hydrologic, and jurisdictional factors and roughly corresponded with ecoregions. Physiographic and land use variables were derived from geographic information system coverages. The model for the entire state (n = 1,386) identified a composite measure of anthropogenic disturbance (the sum of urban, agricultural, and unmanaged roadside vegetation land cover) within the local watershed as the most important variable, explaining 56 % of the variance in O/E values. Models for individual regions explained between 51 and 84 % of the variance in O/E values. Measures of human disturbance were important in the three coastal regions. In the South Coast and Coastal Chaparral, local watershed measures of urbanization were the most important variables related to biological condition, while in the North Coast the composite measure of human disturbance at the watershed scale was most important. In the two mountain regions, natural gradients were most important, including slope, precipitation, and temperature. The remaining three regions had relatively small sample sizes (n ≤ 75 sites) and had models that gave mixed results. Understanding the spatial scale at which land use and land cover affect taxonomic completeness is imperative for sound management. Our results suggest that invertebrate taxonomic completeness is affected by human disturbance at the statewide and regional levels, with some differences among regions in the importance of natural gradients and types of human disturbance. The construction and application of models similar to the ones presented here could be useful in the planning and prioritization of actions for protection and conservation of biodiversity in California streams.
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The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3rd-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface–subsurface exchange patterns in the upper ⅔ and lower ⅓ of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting ∼40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/679738","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., Ward, A.S., Hatch, C.E., Wlostowski, A.N., Singha, K., Gooseff, M.N., Haggerty, R., Harvey, J., Cirpka, O., and Brock, J.T., 2015, A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 139-160, https://doi.org/10.1086/679738.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-056028","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Shaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66452627825884\n ],\n [\n -77.90873050689697,\n 40.66452627825884\n ],\n [\n -77.90873050689697,\n 40.66735832184183\n ],\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66735832184183\n ],\n [\n -77.9136872291565,\n 40.66452627825884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo","contributorId":191362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Pinzon","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Adam S","contributorId":191363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Christine E","contributorId":191364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":191367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":191368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cirpka, Olaf A","contributorId":191369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cirpka","given":"Olaf A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brock, James T","contributorId":191370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brock","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70180072,"text":"70180072 - 2015 - Relationships among seismic velocity, metamorphism, and seismic and aseismic fault slip in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:51:46","indexId":"70180072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among seismic velocity, metamorphism, and seismic and aseismic fault slip in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field region","docAbstract":"The Salton Sea Geothermal Field is one of the most geothermally and seismically active areas in California and presents an opportunity to study the effect of high-temperature metamorphism on the properties of seismogenic faults. The area includes numerous active tectonic faults that have recently been imaged with active source seismic reflection and refraction. We utilize the active source surveys, along with the abundant microseismicity data from a dense borehole seismic network, to image the 3-D variations in seismic velocity in the upper 5 km of the crust. There are strong velocity variations, up to ~30%, that correlate spatially with the distribution of shallow heat flow patterns. The combination of hydrothermal circulation and high-temperature contact metamorphism has significantly altered the shallow sandstone sedimentary layers within the geothermal field to denser, more feldspathic, rock with higher P wave velocity, as is seen in the numerous exploration wells within the field. This alteration appears to have a first-order effect on the frictional stability of shallow faults. In 2005, a large earthquake swarm and deformation event occurred. Analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and earthquake relocations indicates that the shallow aseismic fault creep that occurred in 2005 was localized on the Kalin fault system that lies just outside the region of high-temperature metamorphism. In contrast, the earthquake swarm, which includes all of the M > 4 earthquakes to have occurred within the Salton Sea Geothermal Field in the last 15 years, ruptured the Main Central Fault (MCF) system that is localized in the heart of the geothermal anomaly. The background microseismicity induced by the geothermal operations is also concentrated in the high-temperature regions in the vicinity of operational wells. However, while this microseismicity occurs over a few kilometer scale region, much of it is clustered in earthquake swarms that last from hours to a few days and are localized near the MCF system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011579","usgsCitation":"McGuire, J.J., Lohman, R.B., Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., and Goldman, M.R., 2015, Relationships among seismic velocity, metamorphism, and seismic and aseismic fault slip in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field region: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 4, p. 2600-2615, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011579.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2600","endPage":"2615","ipdsId":"IP-058451","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011579","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dbe4b05ccb964baad7","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014jb011579","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011579","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"McGuire Jeffrey J., Lohman Rowena B., Catchings Rufus D., Rymer Michael J., Goldman Mark R.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"4/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166 jmcguire@whoi.edu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":177447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmcguire@whoi.edu","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohman, Rowena B.","contributorId":178631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lohman","given":"Rowena","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}