A progressive classification of a marsh and forest system using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), color infrared (CIR) photograph, and ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data improved classification accuracy when compared to classification using solely TM reflective band data. The classification resulted in a detailed identification of differences within a nearly monotypic black needlerush marsh. Accuracy percentages of these classes were surprisingly high given the complexities of classification. The detailed classification resulted in a more accurate portrayal of the marsh transgressive sequence than was obtainable with TM data alone. Individual sensor contribution to the improved classification was compared to that using only the six reflective TM bands. Individually, the green reflective CIR and SAR data identified broad categories of water, marsh, and forest. In combination with TM, SAR and the green CIR band each improved overall accuracy by about 3% and 15% respectively. The SAR data improved the TM classification accuracy mostly in the marsh classes. The green CIR data also improved the marsh classification accuracy and accuracies in some water classes. The final combination of all sensor data improved almost all class accuracies from 2% to 70% with an overall improvement of about 20% over TM data alone. Not only was the identification of vegetation types improved, but the spatial detail of the classification approached 10 m in some areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1009911224982","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., Nelson, G.A., and Sapkota, S., 1998, Classifying coastal resources by integrating optical and radar imagery and color infrared photography: Mangroves and Salt Marshes, v. 2, no. 2, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009911224982.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612734e4b06e28e9c25cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":2883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Gene A.","contributorId":201461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.
Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187662,"text":"70187662 - 1998 - Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:32","indexId":"70187662","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","docAbstract":"The center of the Okmok caldera in Alaska subsided 140 cm as a result of its February– April 1997 eruption, according to satellite data from ERS-1 and ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. The inferred deflationary source was located 2.7 km beneath the approximate center of the caldera using a point source deflation model. Researchers believe this source is a magma chamber about 5 km from the eruptive source vent. During the 3 years before the eruption, the center of the caldera uplifted by about 23 cm, which researchers believe was a pre-emptive inflation of the magma chamber. Scientists say such measurements demonstrate that radar interferometry is a promising spaceborne technique for monitoring remote volcanoes. Frequent, routine acquisition of images with SAR interferometry could make near realtime monitoring at such volcanoes the rule, aiding in eruption forecasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98EO00348","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., and Freymueller, J., 1998, Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 79, no. 39, p. 461-468, https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeff","contributorId":82190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187661,"text":"70187661 - 1998 - North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T18:23:13.527549","indexId":"70187661","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set","docAbstract":"The North American Landscape Characterization (NALC) project is a component of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Landsat Pathfinder program. Pathfinder projects are focused on the investigation of global change utilizing current remote sensing technologies. The NALC project is a cooperative effort between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and NASA to make Landsat data available to the widest possible user community for scientific research and general public interest. The NALC project is principally funded by the EPA Office of Research and Development and the USGS's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC).
The objectives of the NALC project are to produce standardized remote sensing data sets, develop standardized analysis methods, and derive standardized land cover change products for a large portion of the North American continent (the conterminous United States and Mexico) (Lunetta and Sturdevant, 1993). The standard product is the NALC “triplicate”;, consisting of co‐registered Landsat multispectral scanner data for the years 1973, 1986, and 1991 (plus or minus one year), plus co‐registered 3 arcsecond digital terrain elevation data. Processing began with the 1986 scene, which was precision corrected (with full terrain correction) to a 60 meter Universal Transverse Mercator base. Automated cross‐correlation procedures were used to co‐register the 1970's and 1990's data to the 1980's base, and independent verifications of registration quality were performed on all triplicate components. The pertinent metadata were compiled in a relational database, which includes WRS2 path/rows, scene ID's, image dates, solar azimuth and elevation, verification RMSE's, and the number of verification control points. NALC triplicate data sets are being used for a number of applications, including the analysis of urbanization patterns, dynamics of climatic fluctuations, deforestation studies, and vegetation classification and mapping. These data are being distributed through the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Information Management System (IMS) at a cost of $15(U.S.) for each triplicate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049809354651","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., and Dwyer, J.L., 1998, North American landscape characterization project: The production of a continental scale three-decade Landsat data set: Geocarto International, v. 13, no. 3, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049809354651.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020061,"text":"70020061 - 1998 - Well log evaluation of gas hydrate saturations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70020061","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Well log evaluation of gas hydrate saturations","docAbstract":"The amount of gas sequestered in gas hydrates is probably enormous, but estimates are highly speculative due to the lack of previous quantitative studies. Gas volumes that may be attributed to a gas hydrate accumulation within a given geologic setting are dependent on a number of reservoir parameters; one of which, gas-hydrate saturation, can be assessed with data obtained from downhole well logging devices. The primary objective of this study was to develop quantitative well-log evaluation techniques which will permit the calculation of gas-hydrate saturations in gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary units. The \"standard\" and \"quick look\" Archie relations (resistivity log data) yielded accurate gas-hydrate and free-gas saturations within all of the gas hydrate accumulations assessed in the field verification phase of the study. Compressional wave acoustic log data have been used along with the Timur, modified Wood, and the Lee weighted average acoustic equations to calculate accurate gas-hydrate saturations in all of the gas hydrate accumulations assessed in this study. The well log derived gas-hydrate saturations calculated in the field verification phase of this study, which range from as low as 2% to as high as 97%, confirm that gas hydrates represent a potentially important source of natural gas.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts)","conferenceTitle":"39th Annual Logging Symposium","conferenceDate":"26 May 1998 through 29 May 1998","conferenceLocation":"Keystone, CO","language":"English","issn":"00811718","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1998, Well log evaluation of gas hydrate saturations, in Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts), Keystone, CO, 26 May 1998 through 29 May 1998.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfd6e4b08c986b32eb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046249,"text":"70046249 - 1998 - Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T09:49:48","indexId":"70046249","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee.","docAbstract":"This dataset represents aquifer diffusivity based on the streamflow-recession index areas from Bingham (1986).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046249","usgsCitation":"Greene, D., and Wolfe, W., 1998, Superfund GIS - Aquifer Diffusivity in Tennessee., Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046249.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273149,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/diffus.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.311203,34.97607803 ], [ -90.311203,36.67723846 ], [ -81.64650726,36.67723846 ], [ -81.64650726,34.97607803 ], [ -90.311203,34.97607803 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c6fe4b08a3322c2c343","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, D.C.","contributorId":83394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020517,"text":"70020517 - 1998 - Waveform inversion of very long period impulsive signals associated with magmatic injection beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:03:05.675911","indexId":"70020517","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waveform inversion of very long period impulsive signals associated with magmatic injection beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We use data from broadband seismometers deployed around the summit of Kilauea Volcano to quantify the mechanism associated with a transient in the flow of magma feeding the east rift eruption of the volcano. The transient is marked by rapid inflation of the Kilauea summit peaking at 22 μrad 4.5 hours after the event onset, followed by slow deflation over a period of 3 days. Superimposed on the summit inflation is a series of sawtooth displacement pulses, each characterized by a sudden drop in amplitude lasting 5–10 s followed by an exponential recovery lasting 1–3 min. The sawtooth waveforms display almost identical shapes, suggesting a process involving the repeated activation of a fixed source. The particle motion associated with each sawtooth is almost linear, and its major swing shows compressional motion at all stations. Analyses of semblance and particle motion are consistent with a point source located 1 km beneath the northeast edge of the Halemaumau pit crater. To estimate the source mechanism, we apply a moment tensor inversion to the waveform data, assuming a point source embedded in a homogeneous half-space with compressional and shear wave velocities representative of the average medium properties at shallow depth under Kilauea. Synthetic waveforms are constructed by a superposition of impulse responses for six moment tensor components and three single force components. The origin times of individual impulses are distributed along the time axis at appropriately small, equal intervals, and their amplitudes are determined by least squares. In this inversion, the source time functions of the six tensor and three force components are determined simultaneously. We confirm the accuracy of the inversion method through a series of numerical tests. The results from the inversion show that the waveform data are well explained by a pulsating transport mechanism operating on a subhorizontal crack linking the summit reservoir to the east rift of Kilauea. The crack acts like a buffer in which a batch of fluid (magma and/or gas) accumulates over a period of 1–3 min before being rapidly injected into a larger reservoir (possibly the east rift) over a timescale of 5–10 s. The seismic moment and volume change associated with a typical batch of fluid are approximately 1014 N m and 3000 m3, respectively. Our results also point to the existence of a single force component with amplitude of 109 N, which may be explained as the drag force generated by the flow of viscous magma through a narrow constriction in the flow path. The total volume of magma associated with the 4.5-hour-long activation of the pulsating source is roughly 500,000 m3 in good agreement with the integrated volume flow rate of magma estimated near the eruptive site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01122","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ohminato, T., Chouet, B., Dawson, P., and Kedar, S., 1998, Waveform inversion of very long period impulsive signals associated with magmatic injection beneath Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 10, p. 23839-23862, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01122.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"23839","endPage":"23862","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488098,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb01122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf9fe4b08c986b32e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohminato, T.","contributorId":53021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohminato","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kedar, S.","contributorId":64931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kedar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046038,"text":"70046038 - 1998 - Superfund GIS - Physiographic Provinces, Aquifer Outcrops and Recharge Rates in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-21T11:33:52","indexId":"70046038","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Superfund GIS - Physiographic Provinces, Aquifer Outcrops and Recharge Rates in Tennessee","docAbstract":"This dataset is a coverage of the physiographic provinces, aquifer outcrops and recharge rates for Tennessee. Each polygon is attributed with its associated\nphysiographic region name (Miller, 1974), aquifer type and composition (Connell and Barron, 1993, p. 2), and aquifer recharge rates (Hoos, 1990 p. 19)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046038","usgsCitation":"Greene, D., and Wolfe, W., 1998, Superfund GIS - Physiographic Provinces, Aquifer Outcrops and Recharge Rates in Tennessee, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046038.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272524,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/aquiphys.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31071472,34.98269653 ], [ -90.31071472,36.67922211 ], [ -81.64540863,36.67922211 ], [ -81.64540863,34.98269653 ], [ -90.31071472,34.98269653 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"519c9764e4b0ce6c26df81af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, D.J.","contributorId":108008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020797,"text":"70020797 - 1998 - New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:12:59","indexId":"70020797","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL","docAbstract":"In April and May 1996, a geophysical study of the Cascadia continental margin off Oregon and Washington was conducted aboard the German R/V Sonne. This cooperative experiment by GEOMAR and the USGS acquired wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data, using ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) and hydrophones (OBH), and multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data. The main goal of this experiment was to investigate the internal structure and associated earthquake hazard of the Cascadia subduction zone and to image the downgoing plate. Coincident MCS and wide-angle profiles along two tracks are presented here. The plate boundary has been imaged precisely beneath the wide accretionary wedge close to shore at c13km depth. Thus, the downgoing plate dips more shallowly than previously assumed. The dip of the plate changes from 2?? to 4?? at the eastern boundary of the wedge on the northern profile, whereas approximately 3km of sediment is entering the subduction zone. On the southern profile, where the incoming sedimentary section is about 2.2km thick, the plate dips about 0.5?? to 1.5?? near the deformation front and increases to 3.5?? further landwards. On both profiles, the deformation of the accretionary wedge has produced six ridges on the seafloor, three of which represent active faulting, as indicated by growth folding. The ridges are bordered by landward verging faults which reach as deep as the top of the oceanic basement. Thus, the entire incoming sediment package is being accreted. At least two phases of accretion are evident, and the rocks of the older accretionary phase(s) forms the backstop for the younger phase, which started around 1.5 Ma ago. This documents that the 30 to 50km wide frontal part of the accretionary wedge, which is characterized by landward vergent thrusts, is a Pleistocene feature which was formed in response to the high input of sediment building the fans during glacial periods. Velocities increase quite rapidly within the wedge, both landward and downward. At the toe of the deformation front, velocities are higher than 4.0 km/s, indicating extensive dewatering of deep, oceanic sediment. Further landward, considerable velocity variation is found, which indicates major breaks throughout the accretionary history.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00091-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Flueh, E., Fisher, M.A., Bialas, J., Childs, J., Klaeschen, D., Kukowski, N., Parsons, T., Scholl, D., ten Brink, U., Trehu, A., and Vidal, N., 1998, New seismic images of the cascadia subduction zone from cruise SO 108-ORWELL: Tectonophysics, v. 293, no. 1-2, p. 69-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00091-2.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"69","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia subduction zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -129,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -129,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"293","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6610e4b0c8380cd72cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flueh, E.R.","contributorId":65627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flueh","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bialas, J.","contributorId":19315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaeschen, D.","contributorId":88895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaeschen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kukowski, Nina","contributorId":94056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukowski","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vidal, N.","contributorId":43514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70020764,"text":"70020764 - 1998 - Tectonic controls on magmatism in the Geysers-Clear Lake region: Evidence from new geophysical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T13:23:32.750458","indexId":"70020764","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic controls on magmatism in the Geysers-Clear Lake region: Evidence from new geophysical models","docAbstract":"In order to study magmatism and geothermal systems in The Geysers–Clear Lake region, we developed a detailed three-dimensional tomographic velocity model based on local earthquakes. This high-resolution model resolves the velocity structure of the crust in the region to depths of approximately 12 km. The most significant velocity contrasts in The Geysers–Clear Lake region occur in the steam production area, where high velocities are associated with a Quaternary granitic pluton, and in the Mount Hannah region, where low velocities occur in a 5-km-thick section of Mesozoic argillites. In addition, a more regional tomographic model was developed using traveltimes from earthquakes covering most of northern California. This regional model sampled the whole crust, but at a lower resolution than the local model. The regional model outlines low velocities at depths of 8–12 km in The Geysers–Clear Lake area, which extend eastward to the Coast Range thrust. These low velocities are inferred to be related to unmetamorphosed Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. In addition, the regional velocity model indicates high velocities in the lower crust beneath the Clear Lake volcanic field, which we interpret to be associated with mafic underplating. No large silicic magma chamber is noted in either the local or regional tomographic models. A three-dimensional gravity model also has been developed in the area of the tomographic imaging. Our gravity model demonstrates that all density contrasts can be accounted for in the upper 5–7 km of the crust. Two-dimensional magnetotelluric models of data from a regional, east-west profile indicate high resistivities associated with the granitic pluton in The Geysers production area and low resistivities in the low-velocity section of Mesozoic argillites near Mount Hannah. No indication of midcrustal magma bodies is present in the magnetotelluric data. On the basis of heat flow and geologic evidence, Holocene intrusive activity is thought to have occurred near the Northwest Geysers, Mount Hannah, Sulphur Bank Mine, and perhaps other areas. The geophysical data provide no conclusive evidence for such activity, but the detailed velocity model is suggestive of intrusive activity near Mount Hannah similar to that in the “felsite” of The Geysers production area. The geophysical models, seismicity patterns, distribution of volcanic vents, heat flow, and other data indicate that small, young intrusive bodies that were injected along a northeast trend from The Geysers to Clear Lake probably control the thermal regime.
We compared strip transect and radio-tracking methods of determining foraging range of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). The mean distance birds were observed from their colony determined by radio-tracking was significantly greater than the mean value calculated from strip transects. We determined that this difference was due to two sources of bias: (1) as distance from the colony increased, the area of available habitat also increased resulting in decreasing bird densities (bird spreading). Consequently, the probability of detecting birds during transect surveys also would decrease as distance from the colony increased, and (2) the maximum distance birds were observed from the colony during radio-tracking exceeded the extent of the strip transect survey. We compared the observed number of birds seen on the strip transect survey to the predictions of a model of the decreasing probability of detection due to bird spreading. Strip transect data were significantly different from modeled data; however, the field data were consistently equal to or below the model predictions, indicating a general conformity to the concept of declining detection at increasing distance. We conclude that radio-tracking data gave a more representative indication of foraging distances than did strip transect sampling. Previous studies of seabirds that have used strip transect sampling without accounting for bird spreading or the effects of study-area limitations probably underestimated foraging range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369753","usgsCitation":"Ostrand, W.D., Drew, G., Suryan, R., and McDonald, L., 1998, Evaluation of radio-tracking and strip transect methods for determining foraging ranges of Black-Legged Kittiwakes: The Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 709-718, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369753","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb4e4b0c8380cd52c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostrand, William D.","contributorId":90898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrand","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, L.L.","contributorId":19906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046661,"text":"70046661 - 1998 - County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:02:24","indexId":"70046661","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992","docAbstract":"This data set contains county estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal wastes produced annually for the years 1982, 1987, and 1992. The estimates are based on animal populations for those years from the 1992 Census of Agriculture (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1995) and methods for estimating the nutrient content of manure from the Soil Conservation Service (1992). The data set includes several components.. 1. Spatial component - generalized county boundaries in ARC/INFO format/1/, including nine INFO lookup tables containing animal counts and nutrient estimates keyed to the county polygons using county code. (The county lines were not used in the nutrient computations and are provided for displaying the data as a courtesy to the user.) The data is organized by 5-digit state/county FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) code. Another INFO table lists the county\nnames that correspond to the FIPS codes. 2. Tabular component - Nine tab-delimited ASCII lookup tables of animal counts and nutrient estimates organized by 5-digit state/county FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) code. Another table lists the county names that correspond to the FIPS codes. The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046661","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., Hitt, K., and Alexander, R., 1998, County-based estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus content of animal manure in the United States for 1982, 1987, and 1992 (1.0.0), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046661.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273946,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/manure.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.84205584,23.25412107 ], [ -127.84205584,48.18721528 ], [ -65.38582641,48.18721528 ], [ -65.38582641,23.25412107 ], [ -127.84205584,23.25412107 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"1.0.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c18162e4b0dd0e00d921a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, Larry lpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":98611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Larry","email":"lpuckett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Kerie","contributorId":13205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard","contributorId":91003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185511,"text":"70185511 - 1998 - Satellite telemetry: A new tool for wildlife research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T13:59:35.120075","indexId":"70185511","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"172","title":"Satellite telemetry: A new tool for wildlife research and management","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game have cooperated since 1984 to develop and evaluate satellite telemetry as a means of overcoming the high costs and logistical problems of conventional VHF (very high frequency) radiotelemetry systems. Detailed locational and behavioral data on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), and other large mammals in Alaska have been obtained using the Argos Data Collection and Location System (DCLS). The Argos system, a cooperative project of the Centre National d'Études Spatiales of France, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is designed to acquire environmental data on a routine basis from anywhere on earth. Transmitters weighing 1.6-2.0 kg and functioning approximately 12-18 months operated on a frequency of 401.650 MHz. Signals from the transmitters were received by Argos DCLS instruments aboard two Tiros-N weather satellites in sun-synchronous, nearpolar orbits. Data from the satellites were received at tracking stations, transferred to processing centers in Maryland and France, and made available to users via computer tape, printouts, or telephone links.
During 1985 and 1986, more than 25,000 locations and an additional 28,000 sets of sensor data (transmitter temperature and short-term and long-term indices of animal activity) were acquired for caribou and polar bears. Locations were calculated from the Doppler shift in the transmitted signal as the satellite approached and then moved away from the transmitter. The mean locational error for transmitters at known locations (n - 1,265) was 829 m; 90% of the calculated locations were within 1,700 m of the true location. Caribou transmitters provided a mean of 3.1 (+5.0. SD) locations per day during 6h of daily operation, and polar bear transmitters provided 1.7 (+6.9SD) locations during 12h of operation every third day. During the first 6 months of operation, the UHF (ultra-high frequency) signal failed on three of 32 caribou transmitters and 10 of 36 polar bear transmitters.
A geographic information system (GIS) incorporating other databases (e.g., land cover, elevation, slope, aspect, hydrology, ice distribution) was used to analyze and display detailed locational and behavioral data collected via satellite. Examples of GIS applications to research projects using satellite telemetry and examples of detailed movement patterns of caribou and polar bears are presented. This report includes documentation for computer software packages for processing Argos data and presents developments, as of March 1987, in transmitter design, data retrieval using a local user terminal, computer software, and sensor development and calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S.G., Pank, L.F., Douglas, D.C., Curby, C.H., Garner, G.W., Amstrup, S.C., and Regelin, W.L., 1998, Satellite telemetry: A new tool for wildlife research and management: Resource Publication 172, 54 p.","productDescription":"54 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":382535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/DownloadFile/105285","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3be4b0236b68f98eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, Steven G.","contributorId":176135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fancy","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pank, Larry F.","contributorId":82767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pank","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curby, Catherine H.","contributorId":189722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curby","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Regelin, Wayne L.","contributorId":111763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regelin","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021321,"text":"70021321 - 1998 - Production of bromoform and dibromomethane by Giant Kelp: Factors affecting release and comparison to anthropogenic bromine sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021321","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production of bromoform and dibromomethane by Giant Kelp: Factors affecting release and comparison to anthropogenic bromine sources","docAbstract":"Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant Kelp), a dominant macroalgal species in southern California, produced 171 ng per g fresh wt (gfwt) per day of CHBr3 and 48 ng gfwt-1 d-1 of CH2Br2 during laboratory incubations of whole blades. Comparable rates were measured during in situ incubations of intact fronds. Release of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 by M. pyrifera was affected by light and algal photosynthetic activity, suggesting that environmental factors influencing kelp physiology can affect halomethane release to the atmosphere. Data from H2O2 additions suggest that brominated methane production during darkness is limited by bromide oxidant supply. A bromine budget constructed for a region of southern California indicated that bromine emitted from the use of CH3Br as a fumigant (1 x 108 g Br yr-1) dominates macroalgal sources (3 x 106 g Br yr-1). Global projections, however, suggest that combined emissions of marine algae (including microalgae) contribute substantial amounts of bromine to the global cycle, perhaps on the same order of magnitude as anthropogenic sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, K., North, W., and Lidstrom, M., 1998, Production of bromoform and dibromomethane by Giant Kelp: Factors affecting release and comparison to anthropogenic bromine sources: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 42, no. 8, p. 1725-1734.","startPage":"1725","endPage":"1734","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ddfe4b0c8380cd7eea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, W.J.","contributorId":93340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046227,"text":"70046227 - 1998 - Structure contours of base of upper Arapahoe aquifer in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T13:23:35","indexId":"70046227","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Structure contours of base of upper Arapahoe aquifer in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of structure contours on the base of the upper member of the Arapahoe aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey developed this data set as part of a project described in the report,\"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046227","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Structure contours of base of upper Arapahoe aquifer in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046227.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273097,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_arapbase_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.22675297,39.83151222 ], [ -105.22675297,39.91838553 ], [ -105.1413434,39.91838553 ], [ -105.1413434,39.83151222 ], [ -105.22675297,39.83151222 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae9e4b07c214e64bd29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046229,"text":"70046229 - 1998 - Geohydrologic unit boundaries along the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T13:35:13","indexId":"70046229","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geohydrologic unit boundaries along the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of geohydrologic unit boundaries shown in the report \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046229","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Geohydrologic unit boundaries along the Colorado Front Range, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046229.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273102,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_geo_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Front Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae5e4b07c214e64bcf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020079,"text":"70020079 - 1998 - Modeling tidal hydrodynamics of San Diego Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:50:09","indexId":"70020079","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling tidal hydrodynamics of San Diego Bay, California","docAbstract":"In 1983, current data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration using mechanical current meters. During 1992 through 1996, acoustic Doppler current profilers as well as mechanical current meters and tide gauges were used. These measurements not only document tides and tidal currents in San Diego Bay, but also provide independent data sets for model calibration and verification. A high resolution (100-m grid), depth-averaged, numerical hydrodynamic model has been implemented for San Diego Bay to describe essential tidal hydrodynamic processes in the bay. The model is calibrated using the 1983 data set and verified using the more recent 1992-1996 data. Discrepancies between model predictions and field data in beth model calibration and verification are on the order of the magnitude of uncertainties in the field data. The calibrated and verified numerical model has been used to quantify residence time and dilution and flushing of contaminant effluent into San Diego Bay. Furthermore, the numerical model has become an important research tool in ongoing hydrodynamic and water quality studies and in guiding future field data collection programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04159.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Wang, P., Cheng, R.T., Richter, K., Gross, E., Sutton, D., and Gartner, J.W., 1998, Modeling tidal hydrodynamics of San Diego Bay, California: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1123-1140, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04159.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1123","endPage":"1140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Diego Bay","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c54e4b0c8380cd6fbea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, K.","contributorId":72146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, E.S.","contributorId":62353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, D.","contributorId":70133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046123,"text":"70046123 - 1998 - Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T10:46:16","indexId":"70046123","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of structure contours of the base of the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer and the base of the Arapahoe aquifer along the Front Range of Colorado. The U.S. Geological Survey developed this data set as part of a project described in the report, \"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046123","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Structure contours of base of Laramie-Fox Hills and Arapahoe aquifers, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046123.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272867,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_lfhbase_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25684011,39.89907671 ], [ -105.25684011,40.88766665 ], [ -104.59372543,40.88766665 ], [ -104.59372543,39.89907671 ], [ -105.25684011,39.89907671 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1eee4b0605bc571f005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046122,"text":"70046122 - 1998 - Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T10:37:21","indexId":"70046122","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\"","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of points and lines representing symbolization of geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers. The symbols were developed as part of the report in \"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046122","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Point and line geologic structure information in \"Structure, outcrop, and subcrop of the geologic structure information for the Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers.\", Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046122.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272863,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_geosymb_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,40.88668006 ], [ -104.58906173,39.28197938 ], [ -105.25683629,39.28197938 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1ede4b0605bc571eff7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016509,"text":"1016509 - 1998 - Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1016509","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","docAbstract":"Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of trees is important for the accurate visual display of unmapped stands. The proposed process for generating the spatial pattern is a nonsimple sequential inhibition process, with the inhibition zone proportionate to the scaled maximum crown width of an open-grown tree of the same species and same diameter at breast height as the subject tree. The results of this coordinate generation procedure are compared with mapped stem data from nine natural stands of Douglas-fir at two ages by the use of a transformed Ripley's K(d) function. The results of this comparison indicate that the proposed method, based on complete tree lists, successfully replicated the spatial patterns of the trees in all nine stands at both ages and over the range of distances examined. On the basis of these findings and the procedure's ability to model effects through time, the nonsimple sequential inhibition process has been chosen to generate tree coordinates in the VIZ4ST computer program for displaying forest stand structure in naturally regenerated young Douglas-fir stands. For. Sci.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanus, M., Hann, D., and Marshall, D., 1998, Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements: Forest Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 125-133.","productDescription":"p. 125-133","startPage":"125","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanus, M.L.","contributorId":13193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanus","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hann, D.W.","contributorId":106451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hann","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, D.D.","contributorId":43719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185265,"text":"70185265 - 1998 - Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T11:27:46","indexId":"70185265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","docAbstract":"The performance of parametric models used to describe soil water retention (SWR) properties and predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) as a function of volumetric water content (θ) is examined using SWR and K(θ) data for coarse sand and gravel sediments. Six 70 cm long, 10 cm diameter cores of glacial outwash were instrumented at eight depths with porous cup ten-siometers and time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil water pressure head (h) and θ, respectively, for seven unsaturated and one saturated steady-state flow conditions. Forty-two θ(h) and K(θ) relationships were measured from the infiltration tests on the cores. Of the four SWR models compared in the analysis, the van Genuchten (1980) equation with parameters m and n restricted according to the Mualem (m = 1 - 1/n) criterion is best suited to describe the θ(h) relationships. The accuracy of two models that predict K(θ) using parameter values derived from the SWR models was also evaluated. The model developed by van Genuchten (1980) based on the theoretical expression of Mualem (1976) predicted K(θ) more accurately than the van Genuchten (1980) model based on the theory of Burdine (1953). A sensitivity analysis shows that more accurate predictions of K(θ) are achieved using SWR model parameters derived with residual water content (θr) specified according to independent measurements of θ at values of h where θ/h ∼ 0 rather than model-fit θr values. The accuracy of the model K(θ) function improves markedly when at least one value of unsaturated K is used to scale the K(θ) function predicted using the saturated K. The results of this investigation indicate that the hydraulic properties of coarse-grained sediments can be accurately described using the parametric models. In addition, data collection efforts should focus on measuring at least one value of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and as complete a set of SWR data as possible, particularly in the dry range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x","usgsCitation":"Mace, A., Rudolph, D.L., and Kachanoski, R.G., 1998, Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 3, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mace, Andy","contributorId":189473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mace","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudolph, David L.","contributorId":189474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kachanoski, R. Gary","contributorId":189475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kachanoski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020463,"text":"70020463 - 1998 - Caribou distribution during the post-calving period in relation to infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:38:13","indexId":"70020463","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caribou distribution during the post-calving period in relation to infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska","docAbstract":"There is concern that caribou (Rangifer tarandus) may avoid roads and facilities (i.e., infrastructure) in the Prudhoe Bay oil field (PBOF) in northern Alaska, and that this avoidance can have negative effects on the animals. We quantified the relationship between caribou distribution and PBOF infrastructure during the post-calving period (mid-June to mid-August) with aerial surveys from 1990 to 1995. We conducted four to eight surveys per year with complete coverage of the PBOF. We identified active oil field infrastructure and used a geographic information system (GIS) to construct ten 1 km wide concentric intervals surrounding the infrastructure. We tested whether caribou distribution is related to distance from infrastructure with a chi-squared habitat utilization-availability analysis and log-linear regression. We considered bulls, calves, and total caribou of all sex/age classes separately. The habitat utilization-availability analysis indicated there was no consistent trend of attraction to or avoidance of infrastructure. Caribou frequently were more abundant than expected in the intervals close to infrastructure, and this trend was more pronounced for bulls and for total caribou of all sex/age classes than for calves. Log-linear regression (with Poisson error structure) of numbers of caribou and distance from infrastructure were also done, with and without combining data into the 1 km distance intervals. The analysis without intervals revealed no relationship between caribou distribution and distance from oil field infrastructure, or between caribou distribution and Julian date, year, or distance from the Beaufort Sea coast. The log-linear regression with caribou combined into distance intervals showed the density of bulls and total caribou of all sex/age classes declined with distance from infrastructure. Our results indicate that during the post-calving period: 1) caribou distribution is largely unrelated to distance from infrastructure; 2) caribou regularly use habitats in the PBOF; 3) caribou often occur close to infrastructure; and 4) caribou do not appear to avoid oil field infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Calgary, AB","doi":"10.14430/arctic1050","issn":"00040843","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Noel, L.E., McDonald, T.L., and Ballard, W.B., 1998, Caribou distribution during the post-calving period in relation to infrastructure in the Prudhoe Bay oil field, Alaska: Arctic, v. 51, no. 2, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1050.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay Oil Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 69.93406993820341\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 69.93406993820341\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 70.63448406630856\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 70.63448406630856\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 69.93406993820341\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f37ce4b0c8380cd4b837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noel, Lynn E.","contributorId":179096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noel","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Warren B.","contributorId":172887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}