We tested the hypothesis that the efficiency with which fish retain polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners from their food strongly depends on Kow and degree of chlorination of the congener. We used diet information, determinations of concentrations of individual PCB congeners in both coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiencies with which Lake Michigan coho salmon retain various PCB congeners from their food. The retention efficiency for the tetrachloro congeners averaged 38%, whereas retention efficiencies for higher chlorinated congeners ranged from 43 to 56%. Not including tetrachloro congeners, we found neither decreasing nor increasing trends in the efficiencies with which the coho salmon retained the PCB congeners from their food with either increasing Kow or increasing degree of chlorination of the PCB congeners. We concluded that (a) for PCB congeners with 5−8 chlorine atoms/molecule, Kow and degree of chlorination had little influence on the efficiency with which coho salmon retained the various PCB congeners in their food, and (b) the efficiency with which coho salmon retained tetrachloro PCB congeners in their food appeared to be slightly lower than that for higher chlorinated PCB congeners.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es9903882","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., Schmidt, L., Chernyak, S., Elliott, R., Desorcie, T., Quintal, R., Begnoche, L., and Hesselberg, R., 1999, Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 21, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9903882.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9903882"}],"volume":"33","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc15ee4b08c986b32a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, L.J.","contributorId":89858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, R.F.","contributorId":82482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, R.T.","contributorId":93653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, L.J.","contributorId":103025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hesselberg, R.J.","contributorId":72339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022105,"text":"70022105 - 1999 - Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T14:57:07","indexId":"70022105","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Practical Scheffé‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","title":"Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","docAbstract":"Simultaneous Scheffé‐type credibility intervals (the Bayesian version of confidence intervals) for variables of a groundwater flow model calibrated using a Bayesian maximum a posteriori procedure were derived by Cooley [1993b]. It was assumed that variances reflecting the expected differences between observed and model‐computed quantities used to calibrate the model are known, whereas they would often be unknown for an actual model. In this study the variances are regarded as unknown, and variance variability from observation to observation is approximated by grouping the data so that each group is characterized by a uniform variance. The credibility intervals are calculated from the posterior distribution, which was developed by considering each group variance to be a random variable about which nothing is known a priori, then eliminating it by integration. Numerical experiments using two test problems illustrate some characteristics of the credibility intervals. Nonlinearity of the statistical model greatly affected some of the credibility intervals, indicating that credibility intervals computed using the standard linear model approximation may often be inadequate to characterize uncertainty for actual field problems. The parameter characterizing the probability level for the credibility intervals was, however, accurately computed using a linear model approximation, as compared with values calculated using second‐order and fully nonlinear formulations. This allows the credibility intervals to be computed very efficiently.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02819","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1999, Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02819.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80a7e4b0c8380cd7b118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021703,"text":"70021703 - 1999 - Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021703","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship","docAbstract":"Plots of solute concentration against discharge have been used to relate stream hydrochemical variations to processes of flow generation, using data collected at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, during the Episodic Response Project of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results suggest that a two-component system of shallow and deep saturated subsurface flow, in which the two components respond simultaneously during hydrologic events, may be applicable to the study basins. Using a large natural sea-salt sodium input as a tracer for precipitation, it is argued that an additional distinction can be made between pre-event and event water travelling along the shallow subsurface flow path. Pre-event water is thought to be displaced by infiltrating event water, which becomes dominant on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Where, as appears to be the case for sulfate, a solute equilibrates rapidly within the soil, the pre-event-event water distinction is unimportant. However, for some solutes there are clear and consistent compositional differences between water from the two sources, evident as a hysteresis loop in concentration-discharge plots. Nitrate and acidity, in particular, appear to be elevated in event water following percolation through the organic horizon. Consequently, the most acidic, high nitrate conditions during an episode generally occur after peak discharge. A simple conceptual model of episode runoff generation is presented on the basis of these results.Plots of solute concentration against discharge have been used to relate stream hydrochemical variations to processes of flow generation, using data collected at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, during the Episodic Response Project of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results suggest that a two-component system of shallow and deep saturated subsurface flow, in which the two components respond simultaneously during hydrologic events, may be applicable to the study basins. Using a large natural sea-salt sodium input as a tracer for precipitation, it is argued that an additional distinction can be made between pre-event and event water travelling along the shallow subsurface flow path. Pre-event water is thought to be displaced by infiltrating event water, which becomes dominant on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Where, as appears to be the case for sulfate, a solute equilibrates rapidly within the soil, the pre-event - event water distinction is unimportant. However, for some solutes there are clear and consistent compositional differences between water from the two sources, evident as a hysteresis loop in concentration-discharge plots. Nitrate and acidity, in particular, appear to be elevated in event water following percolation through the organic horizon. Consequently, the most acidic, high nitrate conditions during an episode generally occur after peak discharge. A simple conceptual model of episode runoff generation is presented on the basis of these results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Evans, C., Davies, T., and Murdoch, P., 1999, Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 4, p. 563-575, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N.","startPage":"563","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"id":229439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f913e4b0c8380cd4d409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, C.","contributorId":33449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, T.D.","contributorId":86513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021596,"text":"70021596 - 1999 - Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:57:24.679431","indexId":"70021596","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"The July 10, 1996, Happy Isles rockfall in Yosemite National Park, California, released 23,000 to 38,000 m3 of granite in four separate events. The impacts of the first two events which involved a 550-m free fall, generated seismic waves and atmospheric pressure waves (air blasts). We focus on the dynamic behavior of the second air blast that downed over 1000 trees, destroyed a bridge, demolished a snack bar, and caused one fatality and several injuries. Calculated velocities for the air blast from a two-phase, finite difference model are compared to velocities estimated from tree damage. From tornadic studies of tree damage, the air blast is estimated to have traveled <108–120 m/s within 50 m from the impact and decreased to <10–20 m/s within 500 m from the impact. The numerical model simulates the two-dimensional propagation of an air blast through a dusty atmosphere with initial conditions defined by the impact velocity and pressure. The impact velocity (105–107 m/s) is estimated from the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program that simulates rockfall trajectories. The impact pressure (0.5 MPa) is constrained by the kinetic energy of the impact (1010–1012 J) estimated from the seismic energy generated by the impact. Results from the air blast simulations indicate that the second Happy Isles air blast (weak shock wave) traveled with an initial velocity above the local sound speed. The size and location of the first impact are thought to have injected <50 wt% dust into the atmosphere. This amount of dust lowered the local atmospheric sound speed to ∼220 m/s. The discrepancy between calculated velocity data and field estimated velocity data (∼220 m/s versus ∼110 m/s) is attributed to energy dissipated by the downing of trees and additional entrainment of debris into the atmosphere not included in the calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900189","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Savage, W.Z., and Wieczorek, G.F., 1999, Air blasts generated by rockfall impacts: Analysis of the 1996 Happy Isles event in Yosemite National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B10, p. 23189-23198, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900189.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"23189","endPage":"23198","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e917e4b0c8380cd480b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021524,"text":"70021524 - 1999 - Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70021524","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach","docAbstract":"Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the North-eastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The pre-episode ANC is used to index the antecedent condition, and the stream flow increase reflects how much the relative contributions of sources of waters change during the episode. As much as 92% of the total variation in the minimum ANC in individual catchments can be explained (with levels of explanation >70% for nine of the 13 streams) by a multiple linear regression model that includes pre-episode ANC and change in discharge as independent variable. The predictive scheme is demonstrated to be regionally robust, with the regional variance explained ranging from 77 to 83%. The scheme is not successful for each ERP stream, and reasons are suggested for the individual failures. The potential for applying the predictive scheme to other watersheds is demonstrated by testing the model with data from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the South-eastern United States, where the variance explained by the model was 74%. The model can also be utilized to assess 'chemically new' and 'chemically old' water sources during acidification episodes.Observations from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Episodic Response Project (ERP) in the Northeastern United States are used to develop an empirical/mechanistic scheme for prediction of the minimum values of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) during episodes. An acidification episode is defined as a hydrological event during which ANC decreases. The pre-episode ANC is used to index the antecedent condition, and the stream flow increase reflects how much the relative contributions of sources of waters change during the episode. As much as 92% of the total variation in the minimum ANC in individual catchments can be explained (with levels of explanation >70% for nine of the 13 streams) by a multiple linear regression model that includes pre-episode ANC and change in discharge as independent variables. The predictive scheme is demonstrated to be regionally robust, with the regional variance explained ranging from 77 to 83%. The scheme is not successful for each ERP stream, and reasons are suggested for the individual failures. The potential for applying the predictive scheme to other watersheds is demonstrated by testing the model with data from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the South-eastern United States, where the variance explained by the model was 74%. The model can also be utilized to assess `chemically new' and `chemically old' water sources during acidification episodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Davies, T., Tranter, M., Wigington, P., Eshleman, K., Peters, N., Van Sickle, J., DeWalle, D.R., and Murdoch, P., 1999, Prediction of episodic acidification in North-eastern USA: An empirical/mechanistic approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1181-1195, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9.","startPage":"1181","endPage":"1195","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990615)13:8<1181::AID-HYP767>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"id":229100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81ede4b0c8380cd7b7e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, T.D.","contributorId":86513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tranter, M.","contributorId":22525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wigington, P.J. Jr.","contributorId":96433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigington","given":"P.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eshleman, K.N.","contributorId":12632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Sickle, J.","contributorId":79252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWalle, David R.","contributorId":23291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022015,"text":"70022015 - 1999 - Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T07:10:11","indexId":"70022015","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater","docAbstract":"The atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shallow groundwater was evaluated over an area in southern New Jersey. Chloroform, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and carbon disulfide (not a VOC) were detected frequently at low‐level concentrations in a network of 78 shallow wells in the surficial Kirkwood‐Cohansey aquifer system. The atmosphere was sampled for these compounds and only MTBE concentrations were high enough to potentially explain frequent detection in shallow groundwater. A mathematical model of reactive transport through the unsaturated zone is presented to explain how variations in unsaturated properties across the study area could explain differences in MTBE concentrations in shallow groundwater given the atmosphere as the source. Even when concentrations of VOCs in groundwater are low compared to regulatory concentration limits, it is critical to know the source. If the VOCs originate from a point source((), concentrations in groundwater could potentially increase over time to levels of concern as groundwater plumes evolve, whereas if the atmosphere is the source, then groundwater concentrations would be expected to remain at low‐level concentrations not exceeding those in equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations. This is the first analysis of VOC occurrence in shallow groundwater involving colocated atmosphere data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900030","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., Stackelberg, P.E., and Baker, R.J., 1999, Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cdde4b0c8380cd52d15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":731441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021475,"text":"70021475 - 1999 - The types of data needed for assessing the environmental and human health impacts of coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021475","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The types of data needed for assessing the environmental and human health impacts of coal","docAbstract":"Coal is one of the most important sources of energy. Its worldwide use will continue to expand during the next several decades, particularly in rapidly developing countries such as China and India. Unfortunately, coal use may bring with it environmental and human health costs. Many of the environmental and health problems attributed to coal combustion are due to mobilization of potentially toxic elements. Some of these problems could be minimized or even avoided if comprehensive databases containing appropriate coal quality information were available to decision makers so that informed decisions could be made regarding coal use. Among the coal quality parameters that should be included in these databases are: C, H, N, O, pyritic sulfur, organic sulfur, major, minor, and trace element concentrations, modes of occurrence of environmentally sensitive elements, cleanability, mineralogy, organic chemistry, petrography, and leachability.Coal is one of the most important sources of energy. Its worldwide use will continue to expand during the next several decades, particularly in rapidly developing countries such as China and India. Unfortunately, coal use may bring with it environmental and human health costs. Many of the environmental and health problems attributed to coal combustion are due to mobilization of potentially toxic elements. Some of these problems could be minimized or even avoided if comprehensive databases containing appropriate coal quality information were available to decision makers so that informed decisions could be made regarding coal use. Among the coal quality parameters that should be included in these databases are: C, H, N, O, pyritic sulfur, organic sulfur, major, minor, and trace element concentrations, modes of occurrence of environmentally sensitive elements, cleanability, mineralogy, organic chemistry, petrography, and leachability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00061-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., and Gross, P., 1999, The types of data needed for assessing the environmental and human health impacts of coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 91-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00061-5.","startPage":"91","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00061-5"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb145e4b08c986b32529f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, P.M.K.","contributorId":99725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"P.M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021521,"text":"70021521 - 1999 - The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:13:39","indexId":"70021521","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida","docAbstract":"Using identical observed meteorology for lateral boundary conditions, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System was integrated for July-August 1973 for south Florida. Three experiments were performed-one using the observed 1973 landscape, another the 1993 landscape, and the third the 1900 landscape, when the region was close to its natural state. Over the 2-month period, there was a 9% decrease in rainfall averaged over south Florida with the 1973 landscape and an 11% decrease with the 1993 landscape, as compared with the model results when the 1900 landscape is used. The limited available observations of trends in summer rainfall over this region are consistent with these trends.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00270644","usgsCitation":"Pielke, R., Walko, R.L., Steyaert, L.T., Vidale, P., Liston, G., Lyons, W., and Chase, T., 1999, The influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in south Florida: Monthly Weather Review, v. 127, no. 7, p. 1663-1672, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1663","endPage":"1672","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1663:tioalc>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad0fe4b08c986b323954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walko, R. L.","contributorId":25521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walko","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steyaert, L. T.","contributorId":71303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidale, P.L.","contributorId":35690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liston, G.E.","contributorId":70553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, W.A.","contributorId":83691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chase, T.N.","contributorId":7860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020984,"text":"70020984 - 1999 - Estimates of runoff using water-balance and atmospheric general circulation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70020984","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimates of runoff using water-balance and atmospheric general circulation models","docAbstract":"The effects of potential climate change on mean annual runoff in the conterminous United States (U.S.) are examined using a simple water-balance model and output from two atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs). The two GCMs are from the Canadian Centre for Climate Prediction and Analysis (CCC) and the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HAD). In general, the CCC GCM climate results in decreases in runoff for the conterminous U.S., and the HAD GCM climate produces increases in runoff. These estimated changes in runoff primarily are the result of estimated changes in precipitation. The changes in mean annual runoff, however, mostly are smaller than the decade-to-decade variability in GCM-based mean annual runoff and errors in GCM-based runoff. The differences in simulated runoff between the two GCMs, together with decade-to-decade variability and errors in GCM-based runoff, cause the estimates of changes in runoff to be uncertain and unreliable.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 1999, Estimates of runoff using water-balance and atmospheric general circulation models, in Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1341-1350.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1350","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aede4b0c8380cd524bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021979,"text":"70021979 - 1999 - Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T16:49:28.913951","indexId":"70021979","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","docAbstract":"Much of the modern upper (proximal) Monterey fan is a channel–levee complex, the Upper Turbidite Sequence (UTS), that was deeply eroded after the channel breached a volcanic ridge to reach a deeper base level. Ages of sediment samples collected with the ALVIN submersible from the deepest outcrop within the channel–levee system, 390 m below the adjacent western levee crest, indicate that the UTS deposits accumulated at ≥1 m ka−1 during the last 500 ka. Neogene and Early Pleistocene sediment accumulation on the fan prior to the UTS was much slower (<0.03 m ka−1), and underlying turbidite systems(?) had substantially different morphologic expression(s).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003670050066","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., 1999, Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 18, no. 3, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050066.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a450de4b0c8380cd66fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021210,"text":"70021210 - 1999 - Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021210","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","docAbstract":"The abundance and orientation of trawl marks was quantified over an extensive portion (>2700 km2) of the Eureka, California, outer shelf and slope, an important commercial bottom trawling ground for such high-value species as rockfish, sole, and sablefish. Fishing logbook data indicate that the entire reporting area was trawled about one and a half times on an average annual basis and that some areas were trawled over three times annually. High-resolution sidescan-sonar images of the study area revealed deep gouges on the seafloor, caused by heavy steel trawl doors that act to weigh down and spread open the bottom trawls. These trawl marks are commonly oriented parallel to bathymetric contours and many could be traced for several kilometers. Trawl marks showed a quadratic relationship in relation to water depth, with the greatest number of trawl marks observed at ~400 m. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of trawl marks observed on the sidescan images and the number of annual trawl hours logged within reporting areas. This finding indicates that acoustic remote sensing is a promising independent approach to evaluate fishing effort on a scale consistent with commercial fishing activities. Bottom trawling gear is known to modify seafloor habitats by altering benthic habitat complexity and by removing or damaging infauna and sessile organisms. Identifying the extent of trawling in these areas may help determine the effects of this type of fishing gear on the benthos and develop indices of habitat disturbance caused by fishing activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Boehlert, G., Field, M., Mason, J., Gardner, J., and Dartnell, P., 1999, Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California: Fishery Bulletin, v. 97, no. 4, p. 786-801.","startPage":"786","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f07e4b08c986b318cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehlert, G.W.","contributorId":68483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlert","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, J.E.","contributorId":49136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021657,"text":"70021657 - 1999 - Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T14:01:24","indexId":"70021657","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan","docAbstract":"Geodetic survey measurements are used to estimate the coseismic slip distribution in the 1944 Tonankai (Mw=8.1) and 1946 Nankaido (Mw=8.3) earthquakes and to assess quantitatively the degree to which this slip is resolved on the plate boundary megathrust. Data used include 798 angle changes from triangulation surveys, 328 leveling section differences, and 5 coseismic tidal gage offsets. Many of the nominally coseismic triangulation data span ∼50 years, nearly half the earthquake cycle, and correction for interseismic deformation using post-1950 observations is applied. Microseismicity is used to define the configuration of the plate boundary interface and approximate it with a continuous, multisegment fault model. Because the onshore geodetic data have very limited resolving power for offshore fault segments, offshore coseismic slip was constrained by Satctke's [1993] estimation based on tsunami data. The majority of the coseismic slip occurs between 15 and 25 km depth. Although resolution declines toward the trench axis, it is sufficiently good to define two distinct high-slip regions, one off southeastern Shikoku Island (11 m maximum) and the other offshore of Kii Peninsula (3 m maximum). The slip magnitude off southeastern Shikoku, coupled with the plate convergence rate, would imply an recurrence interval of about 270 years, much-longer than the average repeat time of ∼120 years for historical great earthquakes on the Nankai Trough. However, the maximum coseismic slip is sensitive to the assumed fault geometry, and slippage on trough-parallel splay faults could significantly decrease the maximum slip to about 6 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02644","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sagiya, T., and Thatcher, W., 1999, Coseismic slip resolution along a plate boundary megathrust: the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B1, p. 1111-1129, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02644.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1129","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02644","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278549,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JB02644"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5de4b0c8380cd4e24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sagiya, Takeshi","contributorId":35895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagiya","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne","contributorId":35325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021659,"text":"70021659 - 1999 - A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:14:28","indexId":"70021659","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","docAbstract":"A comprehensive reference system for the Earth's river basins is proposed as a support to fiver basin management, global change research, and the pursuit of sustainable development. A natural system for delineation and codification of basins is presented which is based upon topographic control and the topology of the fiver network. These characteristics make the system well suited for implementation and use with digital elevation models (DEMs) and geographic information systems. A demonstration of these traits is made with the 30-arcsecond GTOPO30 DEM for North America. The system has additional appeal owing to its economy of digits and the topological information that they carry. This is illustrated through presentation of comparisons with USGS hydrologic unit codes and demonstration of the use of code numbers to reveal dependence or independence of water use activities within a basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K., and Verdin, J., 1999, A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins: Journal of Hydrology, v. 218, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e600e4b0c8380cd470c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, K.L.","contributorId":66438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022078,"text":"70022078 - 1999 - Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T15:22:25.69788","indexId":"70022078","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms","docAbstract":"We present a waveform inversion method that uses recordings of small events as Green's functions to map the rupture growth of moderate earthquakes. The method fits P and S waveforms from many stations simultaneously in an iterative procedure to estimate the subevent rupture time and amplitude relative to the Green's function event. We invert the accelerograms written by two moderate Parkfield earthquakes using smaller events as Green's functions. The first earthquake (M = 4.6) occurred on November 14, 1993, at a depth of 11 km under Middle Mountain, in the assumed preparation zone for the next Parkfield main shock. The second earthquake (M = 4.7) occurred on December 20, 1994, some 6 km to the southeast, at a depth of 9 km on a section of the San Andreas fault with no previous microseismicity and little inferred coseismic slip in the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. The inversion results are strikingly different for the two events. The average stress release in the 1993 event was 50 bars, distributed over a geometrically complex area of 0.9 km2. The average stress release in the 1994 event was only 6 bars, distributed over a roughly elliptical area of 20 km2. The ruptures of both events appear to grow spasmodically into relatively complex shapes: the inversion only constrains the ruptures to grow more slowly than the S wave velocity but does not use smoothness constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02412","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hellweg, M., and Boatwright, J., 1999, Mapping the rupture process of moderate earthquakes by inverting accelerograms: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B4, p. 7319-7328, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02412.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7319","endPage":"7328","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02412","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5086e4b0c8380cd6b748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellweg, M.","contributorId":11344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021518,"text":"70021518 - 1999 - Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021518","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau","docAbstract":"Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 x 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.Spoil created by surface mining can accumulate large quantities of ground-water, which can create geotechnical or regulatory problems, as well as flood active mine pits. A current study at a large (4.1 km2), thick, (up to 90 m) spoil body in eastern Kentucky reveals important factors that control the storage and movement of water. Ground-water recharge occurs along the periphery of the spoil body where surface-water drainage is blocked, as well as from infiltration along the spoil-bedrock contact, recharge from adjacent bedrock, and to a minor extent, through macropores at the spoil's surface. Based on an average saturated thickness of 6.4 m for all spoil wells, and assuming an estimated porosity of 20%, approximately 5.2 ?? 106 m3 of water is stored within the existing 4.1 km2 of reclaimed spoil. A conceptual model of ground-water flow, based on data from monitoring wells, dye-tracing data, discharge from springs and ponds, hydraulic gradients, chemical data, field reconnaissance, and aerial photographs indicate that three distinct but interconnected saturated zones have been established: one in the spoil's interior, and others in the valley fills that surround the main spoil body at lower elevations. Ground-water movement is sluggish in the spoil's interior, but moves quickly through the valley fills. The conceptual model shows that a prediction of ground-water occurrence, movement, and quality can be made for active or abandoned spoil areas if all or some of the following data are available: structural contour of the base of the lowest coal seam being mined, pre-mining topography, documentation of mining methods employed throughout the mine, overburden characteristics, and aerial photographs of mine progression.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Wunsch, D., Dinger, J., and Graham, C., 1999, Predicting ground-water movement in large mine spoil areas in the Appalachian Plateau: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 73-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9.","startPage":"73","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00012-9"},{"id":229580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b6e4b0c8380cd7b6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wunsch, D.R.","contributorId":71340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunsch","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, C.D.R.","contributorId":85736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"C.D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021283,"text":"70021283 - 1999 - Debris-flow deposition: Effects of pore-fluid pressure and friction concentrated at flow margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T01:06:02.271578","indexId":"70021283","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris-flow deposition: Effects of pore-fluid pressure and friction concentrated at flow margins","docAbstract":"Measurements of pore-fluid pressure and total bed-normal stress at the base of several ∼10 m3 experimental debris flows provide new insight into the process of debris-flow deposition. Pore-fluid pressures nearly sufficient to cause liquefaction were developed and maintained during flow mobilization and acceleration, persisted in debris-flow interiors during flow deceleration and deposition, and dissipated significantly only during postdepositional sediment consolidation. In contrast, leading edges of debris flows exhibited little or no positive pore-fluid pressure. Deposition therefore resulted from grain-contact friction and bed friction concentrated at flow margins. This finding contradicts models that invoke widespread decay of excess pore-fluid pressure, uniform viscoplastic yield strength, or pervasive grain-collision stresses to explain debris-flow deposition. Furthermore, the finding demonstrates that deposit thickness cannot be used to infer the strength of flowing debris.
Infection by tracheal worms often results in respiratory distress due to their location in the trachea or bronchi and their obstruction of the air passage. Infections by these parasitic nematodes or roundworms in waterbirds, primarily ducks, geese, and swans, are usually due to Cyathostoma bronchialis and infection of land birds are usually due to Syngamus trachea. However, both genera infect a variety of species, including both land and waterbirds. Infections with S. trachea have been more extensively studied than infections with Cyathostoma sp. because of its previous importance as a disease-causing parasite of poultry in many parts of the world. Changes in husbandry practices to modern intensive methods for poultry production have essentially eliminated S. trachea as an agent of disease in chickens, but it is an occasional cause of disease in turkeys raised on range.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., 1999, Tracheal worms: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15536,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=241","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":39719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021955,"text":"70021955 - 1999 - Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:26:29","indexId":"70021955","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","docAbstract":"Correlation and correlation‐based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the “goodness‐of‐fit” of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation‐based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness‐of‐fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation‐based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation‐based measures should not be used to assess the goodness‐of‐fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900018","usgsCitation":"Legates, D.R., and McCabe, G.J., 1999, Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. Jr.","contributorId":124577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185977,"text":"70185977 - 1999 - Stream restoration at Denali National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:00:28","indexId":"70185977","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Stream restoration at Denali National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"Placer mining for gold has severely disturbed many riparian ecosystems in northern regions. We are conducting a long-term project to test methods to promote restoration of a placer-mined watershed in Denali National Park and Preserve. The project included hydrological restoration of the unstable and excessively confined stream with heavy equipment. We stabilized the floodplain with bioengineering techniques, including alder and willow brush bars anchored laterally to the channel and willow cuttings along the channel. A moderate flood near the end of construction showed that the brush bars provided substantial protection, but some bank erosion and changes in slope and sinuosity occurred. Subsequent refinements included greater sinuosity and channel depth, pool/riffie construction with stone weirs, and buried alder and willow brush projecting from the bank. The reconstructed stream and floodplain have remained stable for five years, but have not been re-tested by a another large flood. The willow/alder riparian plant community is naturally revegetating on the new floodplains, but vigorous willows which sprouted from branches in brush bars and banks still provide the erosion protection.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop No. 13; Information series no. 89","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"High Altitude Revegetation Workshop no. 13","conferenceDate":"4-6 March, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Resources Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R.V., and Karle, K.F., 1999, Stream restoration at Denali National Park and Preserve, in Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop No. 13; Information series no. 89, Fort Collins, CO, 4-6 March, 1998, p. 174-187.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"187","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cwi.colostate.edu/publications.asp","linkHelpText":"This publication is findable using the Search function"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196070,"text":"70196070 - 1999 - Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:47:49","indexId":"70196070","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjökull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","title":"Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","docAbstract":"Two ascending European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Resources Satellites (ERS)-1/-2 tandem-mode, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) pairs are used to calculate the surface elevation of Hofsjokull, an ice cap in central Iceland. The motion component of the interferometric phase is calculated using the 30 arc-second resolution USGS GTOPO30 global digital elevation product and one of the ERS tandem pairs. The topography is then derived by subtracting the motion component from the other tandem pair. In order to assess the accuracy of the resultant digital elevation model (DEM), a geodetic airborne laser-altimetry swath is compared with the elevations derived from the interferometry. The DEM is also compared with elevations derived from a digitized topographic map of the ice cap from the University of Iceland Science Institute. Results show that low temporal correlation is a significant problem for the application of interferometry to small, low-elevation ice caps, even over a one-day repeat interval, and especially at the higher elevations. Results also show that an uncompensated error in the phase, ramping from northwest to southeast, present after tying the DEM to ground-control points, has resulted in a systematic error across the DEM.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference","conferenceDate":"June 2-4, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Fredericton, NB","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Snow Conference","isbn":"0-920081-21-5","usgsCitation":"Barton, J.S., Hall, D.K., Sigurdsson, O., Williams, R., Smith, L., and Garvin, J.B., 1999, Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry, in Proceedings of the fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference, Fredericton, NB, June 2-4, 1999, p. 5-12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000031720"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Hofsjökull Ice Cap","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff12ece4b0da30c1bfd335","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taylor, Susan","contributorId":118167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, Janet","contributorId":124522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Jonathan S.","contributorId":62151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigurdsson, Oddur","contributorId":38666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Oddur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Laurence C.","contributorId":169004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Laurence C.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garvin, James B.","contributorId":22112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014601,"text":"1014601 - 1999 - Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T12:44:58","indexId":"1014601","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales","docAbstract":"Where the potential natural vegetation is continuous forest (e.g., eastern US), a region can be divided into smaller units (e.g., counties, watersheds), and a graph of the proportion of forest in the largest patch versus the proportion in anthropogenic cover can be used as an index of forest fragmentation. If forests are not fragmented beyond that converted to anthropogenic cover, there would be only one patch in the unit and its proportional size would equal 1 minus the percentage of anthropogenic cover. For a set of 130 watersheds in the mid-Atlantic region, there was a transition in forest fragmentation between 15 and 20% anthropogenic cover. The potential for mitigating fragmentation by connecting two or more disjunct forest patches was low when percent anthropogenic cover was low, highest at moderate proportions of anthropogenic cover, and again low as the proportion of anthropogenic cover increased toward 100%. This fragmentation index could be used to prioritize locations for restoration by targeting watersheds where there would be the greatest increase in the size of the largest forest patch.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008026129712","collaboration":"99-046/SAL","usgsCitation":"Wickham, J.D., Jones, K.B., Riitters, K.H., Wade, T., and O’Neill, R.V., 1999, Transitions in forest fragmentation: implications for restoration opportunities at regional scales: Landscape Ecology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 137-145, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008026129712.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626d7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickham, James D.","contributorId":72278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":320701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, K. Bruce","contributorId":66105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riitters, Kurt H. 0000-0003-3901-4453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-4453","contributorId":139788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riitters","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":320702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wade, Timothy G.","contributorId":48845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Timothy G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neill, Robert V.","contributorId":138509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":320705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174789,"text":"70174789 - 1999 - Riparian restoration using physical manipulation and natural seedfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T13:00:37","indexId":"70174789","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Riparian restoration using physical manipulation and natural seedfall","docAbstract":"In many arid landscapes, riparian sites are the only places wet enough to support trees. The vertical structure of trees and shrubs is critical to many riparian habitat and aesthetic values (Brinson et al. 1981). Thus, woody vegetation is often an important objective and success measure for riparian restoration. Effective restoration planning depends on some underlying model of how the ecosystem functions– what variables determine its condition, how it became degraded, and how it will respond to alternative management actions. Vegetation within a riparian system is dependent on site conditions and the processes that determine those conditions.
\n