The loss of biodiversity is threatening ecosystem productivity and services worldwide, spurring efforts to quantify its effects on the functioning of natural ecosystems. Previous research has focused on the positive role of biodiversity on resource acquisition (i.e., niche complementarity), but a lack of study on resource utilization efficiency, a link between resource and productivity, has rendered it difficult to quantify the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. Here we demonstrate that biodiversity loss reduces plant productivity, other things held constant, through theory, empirical evidence, and simulations under gradually relaxed assumptions. We developed a theoretical model named niche–efficiency to integrate niche complementarity and a heretofore-ignored mechanism of diminishing marginal productivity in quantifying the effects of biodiversity loss on plant productivity. Based on niche–efficiency, we created a relative productivity metric and a productivity impact index (PII) to assist in biological conservation and resource management. Relative productivity provides a standardized measure of the influence of biodiversity on individual productivity, and PII is a functionally based taxonomic index to assess individual species’ inherent value in maintaining current ecosystem productivity. Empirical evidence from the Alaska boreal forest suggests that every 1% reduction in overall plant diversity could render an average of 0.23% decline in individual tree productivity. Out of the 283 plant species of the region, we found that large woody plants generally have greater PII values than other species. This theoretical model would facilitate the integration of biological conservation in the international campaign against several pressing global issues involving energy use, climate change, and poverty.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1409853112","usgsCitation":"Liang, J., Zhou, M., Tobin, P.C., McGuire, A.D., and Reich, P., 2015, Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 112, no. 18, p. 5738-5743, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5738","endPage":"5743","ipdsId":"IP-049472","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c4e4b0dc0b45b4540f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Jingjing","contributorId":189197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Jingjing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, Mo","contributorId":189200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Mo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tobin, Patrick C.","contributorId":200172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobin","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reich, Peter B.","contributorId":75835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188871,"text":"70188871 - 2015 - Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:57:20","indexId":"70188871","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism","docAbstract":"The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous part of the Brookian sequence of northern Alaska consists of syntectonic deposits shed from the north-directed, early Brookian orogenic belt. We employ sandstone petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb age analysis, and zircon fission-track double-dating methods to investigate these deposits in a succession of thin regional thrust sheets in the western Brooks Range and in the adjacent Colville foreland basin to determine sediment provenance, sedimentary dispersal patterns, and to reconstruct the evolution of the Brookian orogen. The oldest and structurally highest deposits are allochthonous Upper Jurassic volcanic arc–derived sandstones that rest on accreted ophiolitic and/or subduction assemblage mafic igneous rocks. These strata contain a nearly unimodal Late Jurassic zircon population and are interpreted to be a fragment of a forearc basin that was emplaced onto the Brooks Range during arc-continent collision. Synorogenic deposits found at structurally lower levels contain decreasing amounts of ophiolite and arc debris, Jurassic zircons, and increasing amounts of continentally derived sedimentary detritus accompanied by broadly distributed late Paleozoic and Triassic (359–200 Ma), early Paleozoic (542–359 Ma), and Paleoproterozoic (2000–1750 Ma) zircon populations. The zircon populations display fission-track evidence of cooling during the Brookian event and evidence of an earlier episode of cooling in the late Paleozoic and Triassic. Surprisingly, there is little evidence for erosion of the continental basement of Arctic Alaska, its Paleozoic sedimentary cover, or its hinterland metamorphic rocks in early foreland basin strata at any structural and/or stratigraphic level in the western Brooks Range. Detritus from exhumation of these sources did not arrive in the foreland basin until the middle or late Albian in the central part of the Colville Basin.
These observations indicate that two primary provenance areas provided detritus to the early Brookian foreland basin of the western Brooks Range: (1) local sources in the oceanic Angayucham terrane, which forms the upper plate of the orogen, and (2) a sedimentary source region outside of northern Alaska. Pre-Jurassic zircons and continental grain types suggest the latter detritus was derived from a thick succession of Triassic turbidites in the Russian Far East that were originally shed from source areas in the Uralian-Taimyr orogen and deposited in the South Anyui Ocean, interpreted here as an early Mesozoic remnant basin. Structural thickening and northward emplacement onto the continental margin of Chukotka during the Brookian structural event are proposed to have led to development of a highland source area located in eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch region. The abundance of detritus from this source area in most of the samples argues that the Colville Basin and ancestral foreland basins were supplied by longitudinal sediment dispersal systems that extended eastward along the Brooks Range orogen and were tectonically recycled into the active foredeep as the thrust front propagated toward the foreland. Movement of clastic sedimentary material from eastern Chukotka, Wrangel Island, and Herald Arch into Brookian foreland basins in northern Alaska confirms the interpretations of previous workers that the Brookian deformational belt extends into the Russian Far East and demonstrates that the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate was a unified geologic entity by the Early Cretaceous.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01043.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., O’Sullivan, P.B., Potter, C.J., and Donelick, R.A., 2015, Provenance and detrital zircon geochronologic evolution of lower Brookian foreland basin deposits of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for early Brookian tectonism: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 1, p. 93-122, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01043.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-051392","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01043.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","volume":"11","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eabe4b062508e3c7a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":127538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":193544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donelick, Raymond A.","contributorId":193545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donelick","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70181796,"text":"70181796 - 2015 - Analyzing high resolution topography for advancing the understanding of mass and energy transfer through landscapes: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T12:40:48","indexId":"70181796","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing high resolution topography for advancing the understanding of mass and energy transfer through landscapes: A review","docAbstract":"The study of mass and energy transfer across landscapes has recently evolved to comprehensive considerations acknowledging the role of biota and humans as geomorphic agents, as well as the importance of small-scale landscape features. A contributing and supporting factor to this evolution is the emergence over the last two decades of technologies able to acquire high resolution topography (HRT) (meter and sub-meter resolution) data. Landscape features can now be captured at an appropriately fine spatial resolution at which surface processes operate; this has revolutionized the way we study Earth-surface processes. The wealth of information contained in HRT also presents considerable challenges. For example, selection of the most appropriate type of HRT data for a given application is not trivial. No definitive approach exists for identifying and filtering erroneous or unwanted data, yet inappropriate filtering can create artifacts or eliminate/distort critical features. Estimates of errors and uncertainty are often poorly defined and typically fail to represent the spatial heterogeneity of the dataset, which may introduce bias or error for many analyses. For ease of use, gridded products are typically preferred rather than the more information-rich point cloud representations. Thus many users take advantage of only a fraction of the available data, which has furthermore been subjected to a series of operations often not known or investigated by the user. Lastly, standard HRT analysis work-flows are yet to be established for many popular HRT operations, which has contributed to the limited use of point cloud data.
In this review, we identify key research questions relevant to the Earth-surface processes community within the theme of mass and energy transfer across landscapes and offer guidance on how to identify the most appropriate topographic data type for the analysis of interest. We describe the operations commonly performed from raw data to raster products and we identify key considerations and suggest appropriate work-flows for each, pointing to useful resources and available tools. Future research directions should stimulate further development of tools that take advantage of the wealth of information contained in the HRT data and address the present and upcoming research needs such as the ability to filter out unwanted data, compute spatially variable estimates of uncertainty and perform multi-scale analyses. While we focus primarily on HRT applications for mass and energy transfer, we envision this review to be relevant beyond the Earth-surface processes community for a much broader range of applications involving the analysis of HRT.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012","usgsCitation":"Passaiacquaa, P., Belmont, P., Staley, D.M., Simley, J., Arrowsmith, J.R., Bode, C.A., Crosby, C., DeLong, S., Glenn, N., Kelly, S., Lague, D., Sangireddy, H., Schaffrath, K., Tarboton, D., Wasklewicz, T., and Wheaton, J., 2015, Analyzing high resolution topography for advancing the understanding of mass and energy transfer through landscapes: A review: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 148, p. 174-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-065200","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-01164979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42534e4b0c825128ad432","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.05.012","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Passalacqua Paola, Belmont Patrick, Staley Dennis M., Simley Jeffrey D., Arrowsmith J Ramon, Bode Collin A., Crosby Christopher, DeLong Stephen B., Glenn Nancy F., Kelly Sara A., Lague Dimitri, Sangireddy Harish, Schaffrath Keelin, Tarboton David G., Wasklewicz Thad, Wheaton Joseph M.","journalName":"Earth-Science Reviews","publicationDate":"9/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passaiacquaa, Paola","contributorId":181552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Passaiacquaa","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belmont, Patrick","contributorId":181553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belmont","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simley, Jeffery","contributorId":181554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simley","given":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J. Ramon","contributorId":101185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ramon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bode, Collin A.","contributorId":181568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bode","given":"Collin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Crosby, Christopher","contributorId":181556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crosby","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen","contributorId":181557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy","contributorId":181558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kelly, Sara","contributorId":181559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lague, Dimitri","contributorId":181560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lague","given":"Dimitri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sangireddy, Harish","contributorId":181561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangireddy","given":"Harish","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin","contributorId":181562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tarboton, David","contributorId":152467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarboton","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wasklewicz, Thad","contributorId":181563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wasklewicz","given":"Thad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wheaton, Joseph","contributorId":181564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheaton","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70181797,"text":"70181797 - 2015 - Management applications of discontinuity theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T12:33:22","indexId":"70181797","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management applications of discontinuity theory","docAbstract":"Previously regarded as the passive drains of watersheds, over the past 50 years, rivers have progressively been recognized as being actively connected with off-channel environments. These connections prolong physical storage and enhance reactive processing to alter water chemistry and downstream transport of materials and energy. Here we propose river corridor science as a concept that integrates downstream transport with lateral and vertical exchange across interfaces. Thus, the river corridor, rather than the wetted river channel itself, is an increasingly common unit of study. Main channel exchange with recirculating marginal waters, hyporheic exchange, bank storage, and overbank flow onto floodplains are all included under a broad continuum of interactions known as “hydrologic exchange flows.” Hydrologists, geomorphologists, geochemists, and aquatic and terrestrial ecologists are cooperating in studies that reveal the dynamic interactions among hydrologic exchange flows and consequences for water quality improvement, modulation of river metabolism, habitat provision for vegetation, fish, and wildlife, and other valued ecosystem services. The need for better integration of science and management is keenly felt, from testing effectiveness of stream restoration and riparian buffers all the way to reevaluating the definition of the waters of the United States to clarify the regulatory authority under the Clean Water Act. A major challenge for scientists is linking the small-scale physical drivers with their larger-scale fluvial and geomorphic context and ecological consequences. Although the fine scales of field and laboratory studies are best suited to identifying the fundamental physical and biological processes, that understanding must be successfully linked to cumulative effects at watershed to regional and continental scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017617","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Gooseff, M., 2015, River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 9, p. 6893-6922, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017617.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"6893","endPage":"6922","ipdsId":"IP-066971","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc2e4b01ccd54f8b523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael","contributorId":181942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182228,"text":"70182228 - 2015 - Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:28:52.992248","indexId":"70182228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","docAbstract":"Increasing nitrogen concentrations in the world’s major rivers have led to over-fertilization of sensitive downstream waters. Flow through channel bed and bank sediments acts to remove riverine nitrogen through microbe-mediated denitrification reactions. However, little is understood about where in the channel network this biophysical process is most efficient, why certain channels are more effective nitrogen reactors, and how management practices can enhance the removal of nitrogen in regions where water circulates through sediment and mixes with groundwater - hyporheic zones. Here we present numerical simulations of hyporheic flow and denitrification throughout the Mississippi River network using a hydrogeomorphic model. We find that vertical exchange with sediments beneath the riverbed in hyporheic zones, driven by submerged bedforms, has denitrification potential that far exceeds lateral hyporheic exchange with sediments alongside river channels, driven by river bars and meandering banks. We propose that geomorphic differences along river corridors can explain why denitrification efficiency varies between basins in the Mississippi River network. Our findings suggest that promoting the development of permeable bedforms at the streambed - and thus vertical hyporheic exchange - would be more effective at enhancing river denitrification in large river basins than promoting lateral exchange through induced channel meandering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NGEO2567","usgsCitation":"Gomez-Velez, J., Harvey, J.W., Cardenas, M.B., and Kiel, B., 2015, Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 941-945, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2567.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"945","ipdsId":"IP-066691","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Network","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -104.30419921875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -109.18212890625,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 48.79239019646406\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 40.094882122321145\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 37.96152331396614\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -87.275390625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 46.042735653846506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","contributorId":5362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus D.","email":"jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cardenas, M. Bayani","contributorId":181932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardenas","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiel, Brian","contributorId":181933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiel","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192579,"text":"70192579 - 2015 - Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:30:09","indexId":"70192579","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach","docAbstract":"Net ecosystem production (NEP) and the overall organic carbon budget for the estuaries along the East Coast of the United States are estimated. We focus on the open estuarine waters, excluding the fringing wetlands. We developed empirical models relating NEP to loading ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total organic carbon, and carbon burial in the sediment to estuarine water residence time and total nitrogen input across the landward boundary. Output from a data-constrained water quality model was used to estimate inputs of total nitrogen and organic carbon to the estuaries across the landward boundary, including fluvial and tidal-wetland sources. Organic carbon export from the estuaries to the continental shelf was computed by difference, assuming steady state. Uncertainties in the budget were estimated by allowing uncertainties in the supporting model relations. Collectively, U.S. East Coast estuaries are net heterotrophic, with the area-integrated NEP of −1.5 (−2.8, −1.0) Tg C yr−1 (best estimate and 95% confidence interval) and area-normalized NEP of −3.2 (−6.1, −2.3) mol C m−2 yr−1. East Coast estuaries serve as a source of organic carbon to the shelf, exporting 3.4 (2.0, 4.3) Tg C yr−1 or 7.6 (4.4, 9.5) mol C m−2 yr−1. Organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources for the region are estimated at 5.4 (4.6, 6.5) Tg C yr−1 or 12 (10, 14) mol C m−2 yr−1 and carbon burial in the open estuarine waters at 0.50 (0.33, 0.78) Tg C yr−1 or 1.1 (0.73, 1.7) mol C m−2 yr−1. Our results highlight the importance of estuarine systems in the overall coastal budget of organic carbon, suggesting that in the aggregate, U.S. East Coast estuaries assimilate (via respiration and burial) ~40% of organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal-wetland sources and allow ~60% to be exported to the shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013GB004736","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, M., Najjar, R., Kemp, W.M., Alexander, R.B., Boyer, E.W., Cai, W., Griffith, P.C., Kroeger, K.D., McCallister, S.L., and Smith, R.A., 2015, Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 29, no. 1, p. 96-111, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004736.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-051697","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.9287109375,\n 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Najjar, Raymond G.","contributorId":198520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Najjar","given":"Raymond G.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemp, W. Michael","contributorId":198521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":35269,"text":"Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, Maryland, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cai, Wei-Jun","contributorId":176402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Wei-Jun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27264,"text":"University of Delaware, Newark, DE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffith, Peter C.","contributorId":198522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":35257,"text":"Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Office, Sigma Space/NASA GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kroeger, Kevin D. 0000-0002-4272-2349 kkroeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2349","contributorId":1603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"Kevin","email":"kkroeger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":41100,"text":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCallister, S. Leigh","contributorId":198523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCallister","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leigh","affiliations":[{"id":12991,"text":"Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192615,"text":"70192615 - 2015 - Bayesian models: A statistical primer for ecologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T13:26:40","indexId":"70192615","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Bayesian models: A statistical primer for ecologists","docAbstract":"Bayesian modeling has become an indispensable tool for ecological research because it is uniquely suited to deal with complexity in a statistically coherent way. This textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the latest Bayesian methods—in language ecologists can understand. Unlike other books on the subject, this one emphasizes the principles behind the computations, giving ecologists a big-picture understanding of how to implement this powerful statistical approach.
Bayesian Models is an essential primer for non-statisticians. It begins with a definition of probability and develops a step-by-step sequence of connected ideas, including basic distribution theory, network diagrams, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and inference from single and multiple models. This unique book places less emphasis on computer coding, favoring instead a concise presentation of the mathematical statistics needed to understand how and why Bayesian analysis works. It also explains how to write out properly formulated hierarchical Bayesian models and use them in computing, research papers, and proposals.
This primer enables ecologists to understand the statistical principles behind Bayesian modeling and apply them to research, teaching, policy, and management.
The global proliferation of dams within the last half century has prompted ecologists to understand the effects of regulated rivers on large-river fishes. Currently, much of the effort to mitigate the influence of dams on large-river fishes has been focused on downriver effects, and little attention has been given to upriver effects. Through a combination of field observations and laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that abiotic conditions upriver of the dam are the mechanism for the lack of recruitment in Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), an iconic large-river endangered species. Here we show for the first time that anoxic upriver habitat in reservoirs (i.e., the transition zone between the river and reservoir) is responsible for the lack of recruitment in Pallid Sturgeon. The anoxic condition in the transition zone is a function of reduced river velocities and the concentration of fine particulate organic material with high microbial respiration. As predicted, the river upstream of the transition zone was oxic at all sampling locations. Our results indicate that transition zones are an ecological sink for Pallid Sturgeon. We argue that ecologists, engineers, and policy makers need to broaden the regulated-river paradigm to consider upriver and downriver effects of dams equally to comprehensively mitigate altered ecosystems for the benefit of large-river fishes, especially for the Pallid Sturgeon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2014.987236","usgsCitation":"Guy, C.S., Treanor, H.B., Kappenman, K.M., Scholl, E.A., Ilgen, J.E., and Webb, M.A., 2015, Broadening the regulated-river management paradigm: A case study of the forgotten dead zone hindering Pallid Sturgeon recovery: Fisheries, v. 40, no. 1, p. 6-14, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.987236.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-052432","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.987236","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d4e4b09af898c8616e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treanor, Hilary B.","contributorId":200249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treanor","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappenman, Kevin M.","contributorId":198076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappenman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholl, Eric A.","contributorId":200250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholl","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ilgen, Jason E.","contributorId":200251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilgen","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webb, Molly A. H.","contributorId":152118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A. H.","affiliations":[{"id":18870,"text":"Bozeman Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman, Montana 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192333,"text":"70192333 - 2015 - Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T15:51:29","indexId":"70192333","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5555,"text":"GRC Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","docAbstract":"The proposed Fallon FORGE site lies within and adjacent to the Naval Air Station Fallon (NASF) directly southeast of the town of Fallon, Nevada, within the large basin of the Carson Sink in west-central Nevada. The site is located on two parcels that include land owned by the NASF and leased and owned by Ormat Nevada, Inc. The Carson Sink in the vicinity of the Fallon site is covered by Quaternary deposits, including alluvial fan, eolian, and lacustrine sediments. Four wells penetrate the entire Neogene section and bottom in Mesozoic basement. Late Miocene to Quaternary basin-fill sediments are 0.5 to >1 km thick and overlie Oligocene-Miocene volcanic and lesser sedimentary rocks. The volcanic section is 0.5 to 1.0 km thick and dominated by Miocene mafic lavas. The Neogene section rests nonconformably on heterogeneous Mesozoic basement, which consists of Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks intruded by Cretaceous granitic plutons. The structural framework is dominated by a gently west-tilted half graben cut by moderately to steeply dipping N- to NNEstriking normal faults that dip both east and west. Quaternary faults have not been observed within the proposed FORGE site.
Fallon was selected for a potential FORGE site due to its extensional tectonic setting, abundance of available data, existing infrastructure, and documented temperatures, permeability, and lithologic composition of potential reservoirs that fall within the ranges specified by DOE for FORGE. Since the early 1970s, more than 45 wells have been drilled for geothermal exploration within the area. Four exploration wells within the FORGE site are available for use in the project. Several additional wells are available for monitoring outside the central FORGE site within the NASF and Ormat lease area, including numerous temperature gradient holes. There is an existing, ten-station micro-seismic earthquake (MEQ) array that has been collecting data since 2001; the MEQ array can be expanded to encompass the entire Fallon project. The well data indicate that a sizeable area (~4.5 km2 ) has adequate temperatures in crystalline basement but lacks sufficient permeability within the proposed FORGE site. There are two possible, competent target formations in Mesozoic basement for stimulation in the FORGE project area: 1) Jurassic felsic metavolcanic rocks/and or metaquartzite; and 2) Cretaceous granitic intrusions. These units make up at least 3 km3 in the project area and have target temperatures of ~175-215o C. The abundant well data and detailed geophysical surveys (e.g., gravity, MT, and seismic reflection) provide significant subsurface control for the site and will permit development of a detailed 3D model. The documented temperatures, low permeability, and basement lithologies, as well as abundant available data facilitate development of a site dedicated to testing and improving new EGS technologies and techniques, thus making Fallon an ideal candidate for FORGE.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J., Blankenship, D., Hinz, N., Sabin, A., Nordquist, J., Hickman, S.H., Glen, J.M., Kennedy, M., Siler, D., Robinson-Tait, A., Williams, C.F., Drakos, P., and Calvin, W.M., 2015, Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development: GRC Transactions, v. 39, p. 293-302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-066155","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1032163"}],"volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dce4b00f54eb1d820c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, Douglas","contributorId":198213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinz, Nicholas H.","contributorId":184260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Nicholas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sabin, Andrew","contributorId":197141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabin","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordquist, Josh","contributorId":198214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordquist","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kennedy, Mack","contributorId":198215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Mack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siler, Drew","contributorId":193559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siler","given":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Robinson-Tait, Ann","contributorId":198216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson-Tait","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Drakos, Peter","contributorId":201634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakos","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M. 0000-0002-6097-9586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-9586","contributorId":189159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192434,"text":"70192434 - 2015 - Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T11:46:55","indexId":"70192434","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement","docAbstract":"The Connecticut River is treasured by all for its majesty and significance in supporting life along its winding 410-mile passage through urban and rural communities in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Working with our partners, we are inspired to protect and enhance the natural and cultural richness throughout the watershed, especially on lands and waters entrusted to our agency as the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
Together with our partners, we design, support, and implement strategic conservation actions across the watershed, and communicate conservation needs and successes through extensive outreach and education programs. On refuge lands, we offer visitor programs and activities that promote an appreciation of the Connecticut River watershed as an intact, interconnected, and healthy ecosystem. Visitors respond to this greater awareness by becoming active stewards of the watershed’s natural and cultural resources. Our actions exemplify the Service’s vital role in conserving the Connecticut River watershed and the refuge’s important contribution to the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Donovan, E., Gascoigne, W., and Cullinane Thomas, C., 2015, Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement, 648 p.","productDescription":"648 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056149","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347382,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_5/NWRS/North_Zone/Silvio_O_Conte_Complex/Silvio_O_Conte/11w_Entire_Document(7078KB).pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dce4b00f54eb1d8208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":726566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Elizabeth edonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Elizabeth","email":"edonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gascoigne, William gascoignew@usgs.gov","contributorId":4462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gascoigne","given":"William","email":"gascoignew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192551,"text":"70192551 - 2015 - Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:47:06","indexId":"70192551","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3909,"text":"Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","title":"Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","docAbstract":"As a surrogate species for Strategic Habitat Conservation, the mottled duck (Anas fulgivula) is an indicator species to coastal marsh health and function. Currently, biologists have a relatively poor understanding of regional mottled duck movements. We outfitted adult female mottled ducks with solar satellite transmitters during summer 2009–2011. Movement patterns were measured among years and phenology, in relation to available habitat at the landscape level, and in association to potential disturbance. Movement distances were measured in ArcGIS and then evaluated using analysis of variance for independent variables of year, month, biological time period, and season. Average weekly distances traveled by mottled ducks were relatively short (<5,000m) compared to other waterfowl. Movement occurrence and distance were linked to biological season with longest distances documented during the molt period. Movements also differed among years, with drought conditions associated with longer movement distances. Magnitude of movements may be an indicator of habitat quality for mottled ducks in the Texas Chenier Plain Region. By focusing on providing large freshwater pools and fresh/intermediate marsh during the molt period, managers could positively impact mottled ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":" Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Moon, J.A., Haukos, D.A., and Conway, W.C., 2015, Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region: Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 2, p. 255-267.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","ipdsId":"IP-057825","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/journal/?id=116"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chenier Plain Region","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb8ce4b09af898c8ccf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Jena A.","contributorId":171483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Jena","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Warren C.","contributorId":51550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173565,"text":"70173565 - 2015 - Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders Somateria spectabilis and their attendant females","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-13T15:13:22","indexId":"70173565","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders Somateria spectabilis and their attendant females","docAbstract":"Post-fledging dispersal and site fidelity are poorly understood, particularly for sea ducks that spend the majority of their annual cycle at sea. This is the first description of movements and their timing for first-year (juvenile) and second-year (subadult) King Eiders Somateria spectabilis in relation to their attendant females. We fitted satellite transmitters that operated for 2 years to 63 hatch-year birds and 17 attendant females at breeding areas in northern Alaska in 2006–2009. Our goals were to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of pre-breeding individuals and adult females that had been successful breeders. We also examined fidelity to wing moulting and wintering areas as well as natal philopatry. Juveniles did not appear to follow attendant adults, although they did winter in the same three general wintering areas, suggesting that genetic inheritance and social factors may have roles in the initial migration from the breeding area. Additionally, juveniles were more variable in the timing and duration of migration, moved longer distances during the winter, and were less faithful to moulting and wintering areas than adults, indicating that individual exploration and acquired navigational memory played a role in subsequent migrations. Most (75%) subadult females returned to natal areas, probably prospecting for future nesting sites, whereas subadult males were widely dispersed at sea. Timing and duration of moult migration and wing moult of adult females that were presumed to be successful breeders differed from those of unsuccessful breeders due to the extended time that the former spent on the breeding grounds. Temporal and spatial segregation of post-fledging King Eiders from adults has direct management implications in terms of resource development and population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12217","usgsCitation":"Bentzen, R., and Powell, A.N., 2015, Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders Somateria spectabilis and their attendant females: Ibis, v. 157, no. 1, p. 133-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037664","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575fd92ce4b04f417c2baa0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentzen, Rebecca L.","contributorId":62070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentzen","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171569,"text":"70171569 - 2015 - Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T10:12:41","indexId":"70171569","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body","docAbstract":"Meteoritic zircons are rare, but some are documented to occur in asteroidal meteorites, including those of the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) achondrite clan (Rubin, A. [1997]. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 32, 231–247). The HEDs are widely considered to originate from the Asteroid 4 Vesta. Vesta and the other large main belt asteroids record an early bombardment history. To explore this record, we describe sub-micrometer distributions of trace elements (U, Th) and 235,238U–207,206Pb ages from four zircons (>7–40 μm ∅) separated from bulk samples of the brecciated eucrite Millbillillie. Ultra-high resolution (∼100 nm) ion microprobe depth profiles reveal different zircon age domains correlative to mineral chemistry and to possible impact scenarios. Our new U–Pb zircon geochronology shows that Vesta’s crust solidified within a few million years of Solar System formation (4561 ± 13 Ma), in good agreement with previous work (e.g. Carlson, R.W., Lugmair, G.W. [2000]. Timescales of planetesimal formation and differentiation based on extinct and extant radioisotopes. In: Canup, R., Righter, K. (Eds.), Origin of the Earth and Moon. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 25–44). Younger zircon age domains (ca. 4530 Ma) also record crustal processes, but these are interpreted to be exogenous because they are well after the effective extinction of 26Al (t1/2 = 0.72 Myr). An origin via impact-resetting was evaluated with a suite of analytical impact models. Output shows that if a single impactor was responsible for the ca. 4530 Ma zircon ages, it had to have been ⩾10 km in diameter and at high enough velocity (>5 km s−1) to account for the thermal field required to re-set U–Pb ages. Such an impact would have penetrated at least 10 km into Vesta’s crust. Later events at ca. 4200 Ma are documented in HED apatite 235,238U–207,206Pb ages (Zhou, Q. et al. [2011]. Early basaltic volcanism and Late Heavy Bombardment on Vesta: U–Pb ages of small zircons and phosphates in eucrites. Lunar Planet. Sci. 42. Abstract #2575) and 40–39Ar age spectra (Bogard, D.D. [2011]. Chem. Erde 71, 207–226). Yet younger ages, including those coincident with the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB; ca. 3900 Ma), are absent from Millbillillie zircon. This is attributable to primordial changes to the velocity distributions of impactors in the asteroid belt, and differences in mineral closure temperatures (Tc zircon ≫ apatite).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.025","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M., Mojzsis, S., Bottke, W., and Abramov, O., 2015, Micrometer-scale U–Pb age domains in eucrite zircons, impact re-setting, and the thermal history of the HED parent body: Icarus, v. 245, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042684","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57569eb4e4b023b96ec28473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, M.D.","contributorId":170051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mojzsis, S.J.","contributorId":170052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mojzsis","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bottke, W.F.","contributorId":170053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bottke","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[{"id":25663,"text":"Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colo.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abramov, Oleg oabramov@usgs.gov","contributorId":604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramov","given":"Oleg","email":"oabramov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173578,"text":"70173578 - 2015 - Status of the Topeka shiner in west-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T14:39:14","indexId":"70173578","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Topeka shiner in west-central Iowa","docAbstract":"The Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is a federally endangered fish species that is estimated to occupy only 20% of its historic range. In Iowa Topeka shiners have been in decline for decades. Our goal was to determine the present distribution of Topeka shiners in the west-central portion of their range in Iowa and to characterize the extent of its decline. We compared the current distribution to distributions generated from earlier collections. We found Topeka shiners in six of 22 watersheds where they occurred historically. Status of Topeka shiners was judged to be stable in 27% of the watersheds, at risk in 45% of the watersheds, and possibly extirpated in 27% of the watersheds. None were classified as increasing. Based on comparison of the historical distribution with more recent ones, Topeka shiners in west-central Iowa showed a 27% decline a decade ago and currently exhibits a 73% decline in their distribution. The collective evidence from four of five other states in the species’ range reveals similar declines. This study provides further information on the local distribution and extent of decline for this federally endangered species with a greatly reduced and fragmented overall distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bioone","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-174.2.350","usgsCitation":"Pierce, C., Bakevich, B.D., and Quist, M., 2015, Status of the Topeka shiner in west-central Iowa: American Midland Naturalist, v. 174, no. 2, p. 350-358, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-174.2.350.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060742","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/194","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"174","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9336e4b04f417c275187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakevich, Bryan D.","contributorId":171671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakevich","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. mquist@usgs.gov","contributorId":166707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189458,"text":"70189458 - 2015 - Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T10:20:39","indexId":"70189458","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models","docAbstract":"A key component of the Mid-Atlantic Baseline Studies project was tracking the individual movements of focal marine bird species (Red-throated Loon [Gavia stellata], Northern Gannet [Morus bassanus], and Surf Scoter [Melanitta perspicillata]) through the use of satellite telemetry. This element of the project was a collaborative effort with the Department of Energy (DOE), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Sea Duck Joint Venture (SDJV), among other organizations. Satellite telemetry is an effective and informative tool for understanding individual animal movement patterns, allowing researchers to mark an individual once, and thereafter follow the movements of the animal in space and time. Aggregating telemetry data from multiple individuals can provide information about the spatial use and temporal movements of populations.
Tracking data is three dimensional, with the first two dimensions, X and Y, ordered along the third dimension, time. GIS software has many capabilities to store, analyze and visualize the location information, but little or no support for visualizing the temporal data, and tools for processing temporal data are lacking. We explored several ways of analyzing the movement patterns using the spatiotemporal data provided by satellite tags. Here, we present the results of one promising method: time-variant kernel density analysis (Keating and Cherry, 2009). The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate new methods in spatial analysis to visualize and interpret tracking data for a large number of individual birds across time in the mid-Atlantic study area and beyond. In this chapter, we placed greater emphasis on analytical methods than on the behavior and ecology of the animals tracked. For more detailed examinations of the ecology and wintering habitat use of the focal species in the midAtlantic, see Chapters 20-22.
","language":"English","publisher":"Biodiversity Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, A., Adams, E.M., Anderson, C., Berlin, A., Bowman, T.D., Connelly, E., Gilliland, S., Gray, C., Lepage, C., Meattey, D., Montevecchi, W., Osenkowski, J., Savoy, L., Stenhouse, I., and Williams, K., 2015, Incorporating temporal variation in seabird telemetry data: time variant kernel density models, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-085758","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.briloon.org/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82ee4b0d1f9f060a1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew","contributorId":194560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Evan M.","contributorId":139994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Carl","contributorId":194561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berlin, Alicia 0000-0002-5275-3077 aberlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":168416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Connelly, Emily","contributorId":194562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connelly","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilliland, Scott","contributorId":194563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilliland","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Carrie E.","contributorId":127669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lepage, Christine","contributorId":194564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepage","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meattey, Dustin","contributorId":194565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meattey","given":"Dustin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Montevecchi, William","contributorId":171895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":26965,"text":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Osenkowski, Jason","contributorId":194566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenkowski","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Savoy, Lucas","contributorId":171896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savoy","given":"Lucas","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stenhouse, Iain","contributorId":194567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenhouse","given":"Iain","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Williams, Kathryn","contributorId":194568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70141607,"text":"70141607 - 2015 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T17:07:42","indexId":"70141607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"This book grew out of a topical session on “Central Virginia Earthquakes of 2011: Geology, Geophysics, and Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America” at the 2012 The Geological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina (USA). It also benefitted from related sessions at other meetings. The goal of this volume, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake, and Its Significance for Seismic Hazards in Eastern North America, is to bring together as much information as possible on lessons learned from this rare event. Chapters encompass a wide range of geoscience, engineering, and related studies of this earthquake and its effects from the epicentral area in central Virginia to Washington, D.C., and beyond. The intended audience is a broad spectrum of geoscientists, engineers, and decision makers interested in understanding earthquakes and seismic hazards in eastern North America and other intraplate settings. Chapters by Berti et al. (21), Chapman (2), Costain (8), Davenport et al. (15), Green et al. (9), Heller and Carter (10), Horton et al. (14), Hughes et al. (19), Powars et al. (23), Pratt et al. (16), Roeloffs et al. (7), Shah et al. (17), Stephenson et al. (3), Walsh et al. (18), and Wells et al. (12) are expansions of presentations at the 2012 GSA meeting. The volume also contains chapters from recent studies that were not presented at the GSA meeting, including those by Bobyarchick (22), Burton et al. (20), Dreiling and Mooney (5), Li et al. (11), McNamara et al. (4), Pollitz and Mooney (6), and Shahidi et al. (13). Following an overview and synthesis by the volume editors (1), chapters are arranged under the topical headings “Seismology and Regional Effects,” “Earthquake Damage, Geotechnical, and Engineering Investigations,” “Aftershocks, Geophysical Imaging, and Modeling,” “Geologic Investigations—Epicentral Area,” and “Geologic Investigations— Central Virginia Seismic Zone and Nearby Faults.”
We thank the authors for their contributions and the many scientists and engineers who contributed time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts to substantially improve the quality of the volume. These reviewers include Gail Atkinson, Christopher Bailey, Richard Berquist, Kimberly Blisniuk, Paul Bodin, Aaron Bradshaw, Clive Collins, Ariel Conn, Randy Cox, Haitham Dawood, James Dewey, John Ebel, David Fenster, Alexander Gates, Kathleen Haller, Gregory Hancock, Robert Hatcher, William Henika, Paul Hsieh, Steven Jaumé, Jeffrey Kimball, Charles Langston, Jongwon Lee, Andrea Llenos, John McBride, Scott Olson, Michael Oskin, Brent Owens, Gilles Peltzer, Mark Quigley, Dhananjay Ravat, David Saftner, Arthur Snoke, Jamison Steidl, Kevin Stewart, Alice Stieve, Danielle Sumy, Ertugrul Taciroglu, Roy Van Arsdale, Mason Walters, Chiyuen Wang, Yang Wang, Richard Whittecar, Lorraine Wolf, Clint Wood, Liam Wotherspoon, and some anonymous reviewers.
Deployment of temporary seismic stations after the 2011 Mineral, Virginia (USA), earthquake produced a well-recorded aftershock sequence. The majority of aftershocks are in a tabular cluster that delineates the previously unknown Quail fault zone. Quail fault zone aftershocks range from ~3 to 8 km in depth and are in a 1-km-thick zone striking ~036° and dipping ~50°SE, consistent with a 028°, 50°SE main-shock nodal plane having mostly reverse slip. This cluster extends ~10 km along strike. The Quail fault zone projects to the surface in gneiss of the Ordovician Chopawamsic Formation just southeast of the Ordovician–Silurian Ellisville Granodiorite pluton tail. The following three clusters of shallow (<3 km) aftershocks illuminate other faults. (1) An elongate cluster of early aftershocks, ~10 km east of the Quail fault zone, extends 8 km from Fredericks Hall, strikes ~035°–039°, and appears to be roughly vertical. The Fredericks Hall fault may be a strand or splay of the older Lakeside fault zone, which to the south spans a width of several kilometers. (2) A cluster of later aftershocks ~3 km northeast of Cuckoo delineates a fault near the eastern contact of the Ordovician Quantico Formation. (3) An elongate cluster of late aftershocks ~1 km northwest of the Quail fault zone aftershock cluster delineates the northwest fault (described herein), which is temporally distinct, dips more steeply, and has a more northeastward strike. Some aftershock-illuminated faults coincide with preexisting units or structures evident from radiometric anomalies, suggesting tectonic inheritance or reactivation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(14)","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Shah, A.K., McNamara, D.E., Snyder, S.L., and Carter, A.M., 2015, Aftershocks illuminate the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake causative fault zone and nearby active faults: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 509, p. 253-271, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(14).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053749","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -78.46435546875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e71738e4b02d776a66a00f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. whorton@usgs.gov","contributorId":139352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Aina M","contributorId":139347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Aina","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158940,"text":"70158940 - 2015 - Acidic deposition along the Appalachian Trail corridor and its effects on acid-sensitive terrestrial and aquatic resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T11:00:52","indexId":"70158940","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Acidic deposition along the Appalachian Trail corridor and its effects on acid-sensitive terrestrial and aquatic resources","docAbstract":"The Appalachian National Scenic Trail (AT), a unit of the National Park Service (NPS), spans nearly 2,200 miles from Georgia to Maine, encompassing a diverse range of ecosystems. Acidic deposition (acid rain) threatens the AT’s natural resources. Acid rain is a result of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds produced from fossil fuel combustion, motor vehicles, and agricultural practices. The AT is particularly vulnerable to S and N because it passes along ridgetops that receive higher levels of acid rain than lower valley terrain, and these ridges are often underlain by bedrock with minimal ability to buffer acidic inputs. Further, there are numerous S and N emission sources across the region. In the environment, acidic deposition can lower the pH of streams and soils which can ultimately affect fish, invertebrates, and vegetation that inhabit these areas. To address this concern, the MegaTransect Deposition Effects Study evaluated the condition and sensitivity of the AT corridor with respect to acidic deposition, and defined air pollution thresholds (critical and target loads) and recovery rates. Findings indicate that additional S emission\nreductions are needed to restore the AT.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"U.S. National Park Service; USGS","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Sullivan, T.J., Burns, D.A., Bailey, S.W., Cosby, B.J., Dovciak, M., Ewing, H., McDonnell, T.C., Minocha, R., Riemann, R., Quant, J., Rice, K.C., Siemion, J., and Weathers, K.C., 2015, Acidic deposition along the Appalachian Trail corridor and its effects on acid-sensitive terrestrial and aquatic resources, Report: xxvii., 241 p.; Summaries; GIS Data.","productDescription":"Report: xxvii., 241 p.; Summaries; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"349","ipdsId":"IP-059674","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science 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glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science 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A.","contributorId":15307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Holly A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McDonnell, Todd C.","contributorId":127622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7087,"text":"Scientist, E&S Environmental Chemistry Inc, Corvallis OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Minocha, Rakesh","contributorId":149122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minocha","given":"Rakesh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17650,"text":"Plant Biochemist, U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Riemann, Rachel","contributorId":149124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riemann","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17652,"text":"USDA Forest Service, NRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Quant, Juliana","contributorId":149123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quant","given":"Juliana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17651,"text":"Scientist, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Siemion, Jason 0000-0001-5635-6469 jsiemion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-6469","contributorId":127562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen C.","contributorId":58731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70156491,"text":"70156491 - 2015 - How are your berries? Perspectives of Alaska’s environmental managers on trends in wild berry abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:02:36","indexId":"70156491","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5013,"text":"International Journal of Circumpolar Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How are your berries? Perspectives of Alaska’s environmental managers on trends in wild berry abundance","docAbstract":"Background: Wild berries are a valued traditional food in Alaska. Phytochemicals in wild berries may contribute to the prevention of vascular disease, cancer and cognitive decline, making berry consumption important to community health in rural areas. Little was known regarding which species of berries were important to Alaskan communities, the number of species typically picked in communities and whether recent environmental change has affected berry abundance or quality.
Objective: To identify species of wild berries that were consumed by people in different ecological regions of Alaska and to determine if perceived berry abundance was changing for some species or in some regions.
Design: We asked tribal environmental managers throughout Alaska for their views on which among 12 types of wild berries were important to their communities and whether berry harvests over the past decade were different than in previous years. We received responses from 96 individuals in 73 communities.
Results: Berries that were considered very important to communities differed among ecological regions of Alaska. Low-bush blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum and V. caespitosum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) and salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) were most frequently identified as very important berries for communities in the boreal, polar and maritime ecoregions, respectively. For 7 of the 12 berries on the survey, a majority of respondents indicated that in the past decade abundance had either declined or become more variable.
Conclusions: Our study is an example of how environmental managers and participants in local observer networks can report on the status of wild resources in rural Alaska. Their observations suggest that there have been changes in the productivity of some wild berries in the past decade, resulting in greater uncertainty among communities regarding the security of berry harvests. Monitoring and experimental studies are needed to determine how environmental change may affect berry abundance.
Metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in the North American Cordillera reflect the effects of lithospheric extension and contribute to crustal adjustments both during and after a protracted subduction history along the Pacific plate margin. While the Miocene-to-recent history of most MCCs in the Great Basin, including the Raft River-Albion-Grouse Creek MCC, is well documented, early Cenozoic tectonic fabrics are commonly severely overprinted. We present stable isotope, geochronological (40Ar/39Ar), and microstructural data from the Raft River detachment shear zone. Hydrogen isotope ratios of syntectonic white mica (δ2Hms) from mylonitic quartzite within the shear zone are very low (−90‰ to −154‰, Vienna SMOW) and result from multiphase synkinematic interaction with surface-derived fluids. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals Eocene (re)crystallization of white mica with δ2Hms ≥ −154‰ in quartzite mylonite of the western segment of the detachment system. These δ2Hms values are distinctively lower than in localities farther east (δ2Hms ≥ −125‰), where 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data indicate Miocene (18–15 Ma) extensional shearing and mylonitic fabric formation. These data indicate that very low δ2H surface-derived fluids penetrated the brittle-ductile transition as early as the mid-Eocene during a first phase of exhumation along a detachment rooted to the east. In the eastern part of the core complex, prominent top-to-the-east ductile shearing, mid-Miocene 40Ar/39Ar ages, and higher δ2H values of recrystallized white mica, indicate Miocene structural and isotopic overprinting of Eocene fabrics.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014TC003766","usgsCitation":"Methner, K., Mulch, A., Teyssier, C., Wells, M.L., Cosca, M.A., Gottardi, R., Gebelin, A., and Chamberlain, C.P., 2015, Eocene and Miocene extension, meteoric fluid infiltration, and core complex formation in the Great Basin (Raft River Mountains, Utah): Tectonics, v. 34, no. 4, p. 680-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003766.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"693","ipdsId":"IP-062317","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Raft River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 41.850127648557326\n ],\n [\n -113.25,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 41.850127648557326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c41e4b0d1f9f057e358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Methner, Katharina","contributorId":194316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Methner","given":"Katharina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulch, Andreas","contributorId":194317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teyssier, Christian","contributorId":193450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teyssier","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Michael L.","contributorId":194318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gottardi, Raphael 0000-0002-6774-1343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-1343","contributorId":194320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottardi","given":"Raphael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7155,"text":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gebelin, Aude","contributorId":194321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebelin","given":"Aude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. Page","contributorId":194322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Page","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70142503,"text":"70142503 - 2015 - Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:08:49","indexId":"70142503","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables","docAbstract":"Switchgrass is being evaluated as a potential feedstock source for cellulosic biofuels and is being cultivated in several regions of the United States. The recent availability of switchgrass land cover maps derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layer for the conterminous United States provides an opportunity to assess the environmental conditions of switchgrass over large areas and across different geographic locations. The main goal of this study is to develop a data-driven multiple regression switchgrass productivity model and identify the optimal climate and environment conditions for the highly productive switchgrass in the Great Plains (GP). Environmental and climate variables used in the study include elevation, soil organic carbon, available water capacity, climate, and seasonal weather. Satellite-derived growing season averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) was used as a proxy for switchgrass productivity. Multiple regression analyses indicate that there are strong correlations between site environmental variables and switchgrass productivity (r = 0.95). Sufficient precipitation and suitable temperature during the growing season (i.e., not too hot or too cold) are favorable for switchgrass growth. Elevation and soil characteristics (e.g., soil available water capacity) are also an important factor impacting switchgrass productivity. An anticipated switchgrass biomass productivity map for the entire GP based on site environmental and climate conditions and switchgrass productivity model was generated. Highly productive switchgrass areas are mainly located in the eastern part of the GP. Results from this study can help land managers and biofuel plant investors better understand the general environmental and climate conditions influencing switchgrass growth and make optimal land use decisions regarding switchgrass development in the GP.
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0000-0001-5256-9539 mvinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9539","contributorId":3800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"Mark","email":"mvinson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorman, Owen T. 0000-0003-0451-110X otgorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-110X","contributorId":2888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"Owen","email":"otgorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Daniel 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188439,"text":"70188439 - 2015 - Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T12:02:09","indexId":"70188439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5369,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"title":"Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region","docAbstract":"The Salisbury embayment is a broad tectonic downwarp that is filled by generally seaward-thickening, wedge-shaped deposits of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain. Our two-day field trip will take us to the western side of this embayment from the Fall Zone in Washington, D.C., to some of the bluffs along Aquia Creek and the Potomac River in Virginia, and then to the Calvert Cliffs on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. We will see fluvial-deltaic Cretaceous deposits of the Potomac Formation. We will then focus on Cenozoic marine deposits. Transgressive and highstand deposits are stacked upon each other with unconformities separating them; rarely are regressive or lowstand deposits preserved. The Paleocene and Eocene shallow shelf deposits consist of glauconitic, silty sands that contain varying amounts of marine shells. The Miocene shallow shelf deposits consist of diatomaceous silts and silty and shelly sands. The lithology, thickness, dip, preservation, and distribution of the succession of coastal plain sediments that were deposited in our field-trip area are, to a great extent, structurally controlled. Surficial and subsurface mapping using numerous continuous cores, auger holes, water-well data, and seismic surveys has documented some folds and numerous high-angle reverse and normal faults that offset Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. Many of these structures are rooted in early Mesozoic and/or Paleozoic NE-trending regional tectonic fault systems that underlie the Atlantic Coastal Plain. On Day 1, we will focus on two fault systems (stops 1–2; Stafford fault system and the Skinkers Neck–Brandywine fault system and their constituent fault zones and faults). We will then see (stops 3–5) a few of the remaining exposures of largely unlithified marine Paleocene and Eocene strata along the Virginia side of the Potomac River including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum boundary clay. These exposures are capped by fluvial-estuarine Pleistocene terrace deposits. On Day 2, we will see (stops 6–9) the classic Miocene section along the ~25 miles (~40 km) of Calvert Cliffs in Maryland, including a possible fault and structural warping. Cores from nearby test holes will also be shown to supplement outcrops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.0040(07)","usgsCitation":"Powars, D.S., Edwards, L.E., Kidwell, S.M., and Schindler, J.S., 2015, Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the Chesapeake Bay region: GSA Field Guides, v. 40, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.0040(07).","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-066988","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593d0539e4b0764e6c61b65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidwell, Susan M.","contributorId":18003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33013,"text":"Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158944,"text":"70158944 - 2015 - National Park Service vegetation inventory program: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T16:38:25","indexId":"70158944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/GLKN/NRR—2015/1002","title":"National Park Service vegetation inventory program: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MISS) vegetation mapping project is an initiative of the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Inventory Program (VIP) to classify and map vegetation types of MISS. (Note: “MISS” is also referred to as “park” throughout this report.) The goals of the project are to adequately describe and map vegetation types of the park and to provide the NPS Natural Resource Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program, resource managers, and biological researchers with useful baseline vegetation information.
The MISS vegetation mapping project was officially started in spring 2012, with a scoping meeting wherein partners discussed project objectives, goals, and methods. Major collaborators at this meeting included staff from the NPS MISS, the NPS Great Lakes Network (GLKN), NatureServe, and the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) was also in attendance. Common to all NPS VIP projects, the three main components of the MISS vegetation mapping project are as follows: (1) vegetation classification, (2) vegetation mapping, and (3) map accuracy assessment (AA). In this report, each of these fundamental components is discussed in detail.
With the completion of the MISS vegetation mapping project, all nine park units within the NPS GLKN have received vegetation classification and mapping products from the NPS and USGS vegetation programs. Voyageurs National Park and Isle Royale National Park were completed during 1996–2001 (as program pilot projects) and another six park units were completed during 2004–11, including the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Grand Portage National Monument, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hop, K.D., Drake, J., Strassman, A.C., Hoy, E.E., Jakusz, J., Menard, S., and Dieck, J., 2015, National Park Service vegetation inventory program: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, Minnesota: Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR—2015/1002, xvii, 74 p.","productDescription":"xvii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"342","ipdsId":"IP-064946","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309754,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2223564"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d442e4b0f2e20545e423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hop, Kevin D. 0000-0002-9928-4773 khop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-4773","contributorId":1438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hop","given":"Kevin","email":"khop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Jim","contributorId":35403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strassman, Andrew C. 0000-0002-9792-7181 astrassman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9792-7181","contributorId":4575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strassman","given":"Andrew","email":"astrassman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoy, Erin E. 0000-0002-2853-3242 ehoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-3242","contributorId":4523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Erin","email":"ehoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jakusz, Joseph jjakusz@usgs.gov","contributorId":149760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakusz","given":"Joseph","email":"jjakusz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Menard, Shannon","contributorId":167864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menard","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17658,"text":"NatureServe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dieck, Jennifer 0000-0002-4388-4534 jdieck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-4534","contributorId":149647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieck","given":"Jennifer","email":"jdieck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}