Data acquired at the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, drilled in the Milne Point area of the Alaska North Slope in February, 2007, indicates two zones of high gas hydrate saturation within the Eocene Sagavanirktok Formation. Gas hydrate is observed in two separate sand reservoirs (the D and C units), in the stratigraphically highest portions of those sands, and is not detected in non-sand lithologies. In the younger D unit, gas hydrate appears to fill much of the available reservoir space at the top of the unit. The degree of vertical fill with the D unit is closely related to the unit reservoir quality. A thick, low-permeability clay-dominated unit serves as an upper seal, whereas a subtle transition to more clay-rich, and interbedded sand, silt, and clay units is associated with the base of gas hydrate occurrence. In the underlying C unit, the reservoir is similarly capped by a clay-dominated section, with gas hydrate filling the relatively lower-quality sands at the top of the unit leaving an underlying thick section of high-reservoir quality sands devoid of gas hydrate. Evaluation of well log, core, and seismic data indicate that the gas hydrate occurs within complex combination stratigraphic/structural traps. Structural trapping is provided by a four-way fold closure augmented by a large western bounding fault. Lithologic variation is also a likely strong control on lateral extent of the reservoirs, particularly in the D unit accumulation, where gas hydrate appears to extend beyond the limits of the structural closure. Porous and permeable zones within the C unit sand are only partially charged due most likely to limited structural trapping in the reservoir lithofacies during the period of primary charging. The occurrence of the gas hydrate within the sands in the upper portions of both the C and D units and along the crest of the fold is consistent with an interpretation that these deposits are converted free gas accumulations formed prior to the imposition of gas hydrate stability conditions.
","largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Rose, K., Collett, T.S., Lee, M.W., Winters, W.J., Lewis, K.A., and Agena, W.F., 2011, Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 589-607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475172,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4387","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The Mount Elbert well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ],\n [\n -159.169921875,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.11048478105927\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 72.58082870324515\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1943e4b0c8380cd55922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70040253,"text":"70040253 - 2011 - Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve. Final Report, October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T13:39:16","indexId":"70040253","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve. Final Report, October 2011","docAbstract":"Managers at Alaska?s Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA) sponsored this research to assess and monitor visitor-created informal trails (ITs). DENA is located in south-central Alaska and managed as a six million acre wilderness park. This program of research was guided by the following objectives: (1) Investigate alternative methods for monitoring the spatial distribution, aggregate lineal extent, and tread conditions of informal (visitor-created) trails within the park. (2) In consultation with park staff, develop, pilot test, and refine cost-effective and scientifically defensible trail monitoring procedures that are fully integrated with the park?s Geographic Information System. (3) Prepare a technical report that compiles and presents research results and their management implications. This report presents the protocol development and field testing process, illustrates the types of data produced by their application, and provides guidance for their application and use. The protocols described provide managers with an efficient means to document and monitor IT conditions in settings ranging from pristine to intensively visited.","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources & Environment","publisherLocation":"Blacksburg, VA","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., and Wimpey, J.F., 2011, Informal trail monitoring protocols: Denali National Park and Preserve. Final Report, October 2011, iv, 92 p.","productDescription":"iv, 92 p.","ipdsId":"IP-032953","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7fe4b06d80b7af6ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy F.","contributorId":83769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036903,"text":"70036903 - 2011 - In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:30:54.671568","indexId":"70036903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data and proposed a viable method for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area of northern Alaska. To validate the predictions of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a long-term production testing program, a well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in February, 2007. Numerous well log data and cores were acquired to estimate in-situ gas hydrate saturations and reservoir properties.
Gas hydrate saturations were estimated from various well logs such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), P- and S-wave velocity, and electrical resistivity logs along with pore-water salinity. Gas hydrate saturations from the NMR log agree well with those estimated from P- and S-wave velocity data. Because of the low salinity of the connate water and the low formation temperature, the resistivity of connate water is comparable to that of shale. Therefore, the effect of clay should be accounted for to accurately estimate gas hydrate saturations from the resistivity data. Two highly gas hydrate-saturated intervals are identified – an upper ∼43 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 54% and a lower ∼53 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 50%; both zones reach a maximum of about 75% saturation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2011, In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ],\n [\n -159.169921875,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.11048478105927\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 72.58082870324515\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39c2e4b0c8380cd61a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036644,"text":"70036644 - 2011 - Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T14:49:35.829627","indexId":"70036644","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"The Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) is the most widespread cormorant in the North Pacific, but little is known about its foraging and diving behavior. However, knowledge of seabirds' foraging behavior is important to understanding their function in the marine environment. In 2006, using GPS dataloggers, we studied the foraging behavior of 14 male Pelagic Cormorants rearing chicks on Middleton Island, Alaska. For foraging, the birds had high fidelity to a small area 8 km north of the colony. Within that area, the cormorants' diving activity was of two distinct kinds—near-surface dives (1–6 m) and benthic dives (28–33 m). Individuals were consistent in the depths of their dives, either mostly shallow or mostly deep. Few showed no depth preference. Dive duration, time at maximum depth, and pauses at the water surface between consecutive dives were shorter for shallow dives than for deep dives. The cormorants made dives of both types throughout the day, but the frequency of deep dives increased toward evening. Maximum foraging range was 9 km; maximum total distance traveled per trip was 43.4 km. Trip durations ranged from 0.3 to 7.7 hr. Maximum depth of a dive was 42.2 m, and duration of dives ranged from 4 to 120 sec. We found that Pelagic Cormorants at Middleton Island were faithful to one particular foraging area and individuals dived in distinct patterns. Distinct, specialized foraging behavior may be advantageous in reducing intra- and interspecific competition but may also render the species vulnerable to changing environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090158","usgsCitation":"Kotzerka, J., Hatch, S.A., and Garthe, S., 2011, Evidence for foraging -site fidelity and individual foraging behavior of pelagic cormorants rearing chicks in the Gulf of Alaska: Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 80-88, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090158.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.93408203125,\n 56.353077613860826\n ],\n [\n -136.77978515625,\n 58.274843152138224\n ],\n [\n -139.37255859375,\n 59.478568831926395\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -143.37158203125,\n 60.07580342475969\n ],\n [\n -144.25048828125,\n 60.02095215374802\n ],\n [\n -146.27197265625,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -147.45849609375,\n 61.03701223240187\n ],\n [\n -148.16162109375,\n 60.337823495982015\n ],\n [\n -149.677734375,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -152.02880859375,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -153.6767578125,\n 56.74067435475299\n ],\n [\n -134.93408203125,\n 56.353077613860826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d40e4b0c8380cd52ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotzerka, J.","contributorId":13070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotzerka","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garthe, S.","contributorId":98571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garthe","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032673,"text":"70032673 - 2011 - Egg size matching by an intraspecific brood parasite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T16:25:32","indexId":"70032673","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Egg size matching by an intraspecific brood parasite","docAbstract":"Avian brood parasitism provides an ideal system with which to understand animal recognition and its affect on fitness. This phenomenon of laying eggs in the nests of other individuals has classically been framed from the perspective of interspecific brood parasitism and host recognition of parasitic eggs. Few examples exist of strategies adopted by intraspecific brood parasites to maximize success of parasitic eggs. Intraspecific brood parasitism within precocial birds can be a risky strategy in that hatch synchrony is essential to reproductive success. Given that egg size is positively correlated with incubation time, parasitic birds would benefit by recognizing and selecting hosts with a similar egg size. Intraspecific brood parasitism is an alternative reproductive strategy in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans), a colonial nesting goose with precocial young. Based on a randomization test, parasitic eggs in this study differed less in size from eggs in their host's nests than did random eggs placed in random nests. Parasitic eggs were remarkably similar in size to hosts’ eggs, differing by <2% of volume on average from host eggs, whereas randomly paired eggs in random nests differed by nearly 8%. The precision with which parasitic brant match the egg size of hosts in our study supports our hypothesis that brant match egg size of hosts, thereby maximizing hatching success of their parasitic eggs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arr035","issn":"10452249","usgsCitation":"Lemons, P.R., and Sedinger, J.S., 2011, Egg size matching by an intraspecific brood parasite: Behavioral Ecology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 696-700, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr035.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr035"},{"id":241732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a086fe4b0c8380cd51b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":11014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033836,"text":"70033836 - 2011 - Stopover habitats of spring migrating surf scoters in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:39:17","indexId":"70033836","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stopover habitats of spring migrating surf scoters in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"Habitat conditions and nutrient reserve levels during spring migration have been suggested as important factors affecting population declines in waterfowl, emphasizing the need to identify key sites used during spring and understand habitat features and resource availability at stopover sites. We used satellite telemetry to identify stopover sites used by surf scoters migrating through southeast Alaska during spring. We then contrasted habitat features of these sites to those of random sites to determine habitat attributes corresponding to use by migrating scoters. We identified 14 stopover sites based on use by satellite tagged surf scoters from several wintering sites. We identified Lynn Canal as a particularly important stopover site for surf scoters originating throughout the Pacific winter range; approximately half of tagged coastally migrating surf scoters used this site, many for extended periods. Stopover sites were farther from the mainland coast and closer to herring spawn sites than random sites, whereas physical shoreline habitat attributes were generally poor predictors of site use. The geography and resource availability within southeast Alaska provides unique and potentially critical stopover habitat for spring migrating surf scoters. Our work identifies specific sites and habitat resources that deserve conservation and management consideration. Aggregations of birds are vulnerable to human activity impacts such as contaminant spills and resource management decisions. This information is of value to agencies and organizations responsible for emergency response planning, herring fisheries management, and bird and ecosystem conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.5","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Lok, E.K., Esler, D., Takekawa, J.Y., De La Cruz, S., Sean, B.W., Nysewander, D., Evenson, J., and Ward, D.H., 2011, Stopover habitats of spring migrating surf scoters in southeast Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 92-100, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.5"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9865e4b08c986b31bff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lok, Erica K.","contributorId":47183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lok","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De La Cruz, S.W.","contributorId":82544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sean, Boyd W.","contributorId":19791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sean","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nysewander, D.R.","contributorId":90946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evenson, J.R.","contributorId":105927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70033873,"text":"70033873 - 2011 - Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:26:01","indexId":"70033873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","docAbstract":"Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large‐mesh gill‐net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size‐selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock‐specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length‐adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.558776","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Evenson, D., McLain, T., and Flannery, B.G., 2011, Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc021e4b08c986b329f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, D.F.","contributorId":104356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLain, T.H.","contributorId":15899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannery, Blair G.","contributorId":95675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034009,"text":"70034009 - 2011 - Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-14T13:30:40","indexId":"70034009","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent declines in black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are likely the result of low recruitment. In geese, recruitment is strongly affected by habitat conditions experienced by broods because gosling growth rates are indicative of forage conditions during brood rearing and strongly influence future survival and productivity. In 2006–2008, we studied gosling growth at 3 of the 4 major colonies on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Estimates of age‐adjusted gosling mass at the 2 southern colonies (approx. 30% of the world population of breeding black brant) was low (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 346.7 ± 42.5 g to 627.1 ± 15.9 g) in comparison to a third colony (gosling mass at 30.5 days ranged 640.0 ± 8.3 g to 821.6 ± 13.6 g) and to most previous estimates of age‐adjusted mass of brant goslings. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that poor gosling growth is negatively influencing the brant population. There are 2 non‐mutually exclusive explanations for the apparent growth rates we observed. First, the population decline may have been caused by density‐independent factors and habitat capacity has declined along with the population as a consequence of the unique foraging feedback between brant and their grazing habitats. Alternatively, a reduction in habitat capacity, as a result of changes to the grazing system, may have negatively influenced gosling growth, which is contributing to the overall long‐term population decline. We found support for both explanations. For colonies over habitat capacity we recommend management to enhance foraging habitat, whereas for colonies below habitat capacity we recommend management to increase nesting productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.24","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T., Flint, P.L., Sedinger, J., Nicolai, C., and Schamber, J., 2011, Intercolony variation in growth of black brant goslings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 101-108, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.24"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf0e4b0c8380cd63182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nicolai, C.A.","contributorId":17420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034088,"text":"70034088 - 2011 - Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T17:56:48.139145","indexId":"70034088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences","docAbstract":"Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis young‐of‐year (YOY) growth was used as a proxy to examine the long‐term response of a high‐latitude fish population to changing climate from 1978 to 2004. YOY growth increased over time (r2 = 0·29) and was correlated with monthly averages of the Arctic oscillation index, air temperature, east wind speed, sea‐ice concentration and river discharge with and without time lags. Overall, the most prevalent correlates to YOY growth were sea‐ice concentration lagged 1 year (significant correlations in 7 months; r2 = 0·14–0·31) and Mackenzie River discharge lagged 2 years (significant correlations in 8 months; r2 = 0·13–0·50). The results suggest that decreased sea‐ice concentrations and increased river discharge fuel primary production and that life cycles of prey species linking increased primary production to fish growth are responsible for the time lag. Oceanographic studies also suggest that sea ice concentration and fluvial inputs from the Mackenzie River are key factors influencing productivity in the Beaufort Sea. Future research should assess the possible mechanism relating sea ice concentration and river discharge to productivity at upper trophic levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Zimmerman, C.E., and Moulton, L., 2011, Long-term increases in young-of-the-year growth of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis and environmental influences: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 39-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02832.x"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mackenzie River, Beaufort Sea and the collection location in Nuiqsut, Alaska, along the Colville River.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.9375,\n 55.87531083569679\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 55.87531083569679\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 55.87531083569679\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4997e4b0c8380cd6873f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moulton, L.L.","contributorId":8907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034325,"text":"70034325 - 2011 - The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén Volcano, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T10:02:25","indexId":"70034325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén Volcano, Chile","docAbstract":"Rhyolite is the most viscous of liquid magmas, so it was surprising that on 2 May 2008 at Chaitén Volcano, located in Chile’s southern Andean volcanic zone, rhyolitic magma migrated from more than 5 km depth in less than 4 hours and erupted explosively with only two days of detected precursory seismic activity. The last major rhyolite eruption before that at Chaitén was the largest volcanic eruption in the twentieth century, at Novarupta volcano, Alaska, in 1912. Because of the historically rare and explosive nature of rhyolite eruptions and because of the surprisingly short warning before the eruption of the Chaitén volcano, any information about the workings of the magmatic system at Chaitén, and rhyolitic systems in general, is important from both the scientific and hazard perspectives. Here we present surface deformation data related to the Chaitén eruption based on radar interferometry observations from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) DAICHI (ALOS) satellite. The data on this explosive rhyolite eruption indicate that the rapid ascent of rhyolite occurred through dyking and that melt segregation and magma storage were controlled by existing faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature10541","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wicks, C., De La, L.J., Lara, L., and Lowenstern, J., 2011, The role of dyking and fault control in the rapid onset of eruption at Chaitén Volcano, Chile: Nature, v. 478, no. 7369, p. 374-377, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10541.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10541"},{"id":244687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Chait�n Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.661085,-42.847669 ], [ -72.661085,-42.827666 ], [ -72.641077,-42.827666 ], [ -72.641077,-42.847669 ], [ -72.661085,-42.847669 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"478","issue":"7369","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf68e4b08c986b324784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De La, Llera J. C. J. C.","contributorId":30482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La","given":"Llera","suffix":"J. C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lara, L.E.","contributorId":70216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lara","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, J.","contributorId":38746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034326,"text":"70034326 - 2011 - Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:13:21","indexId":"70034326","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen","docAbstract":"Identifying links between nutritional condition of individuals and population trajectories greatly enhances our understanding of the ecology, conservation, and management of wildlife. For northern ungulates, the potential impacts of a changing climate to populations are predicted to be nutritionally mediated through an increase in the severity and variance in winter conditions. Foraging conditions and the availability of body protein as a store for reproduction in late winter may constrain productivity in northern ungulates, yet the link between characteristics of wintering habitats and protein status has not been established for a wild ungulate. We used a non‐invasive proxy of protein status derived from isotopes of N in excreta to evaluate the influence of winter habitats on the protein status of muskoxen in three populations in Alaska (2005–2008). Multiple regression and an information‐theoretic approach were used to compare models that evaluated the influence of population, year, and characteristics of foraging sites (components of diet and physiography) on protein status for groups of muskoxen. The observed variance in protein status among groups of muskoxen across populations and years was partially explained (45%) by local foraging conditions that affected forage availability. Protein status improved for groups of muskoxen as the amount of graminoids in the diet increased (−0.430 ± 0.31, β± 95% CI) and elevation of foraging sites decreased (0.824 ± 0.67). Resources available for reproduction in muskoxen are highly dependent upon demographic, environmental, and physiographic constraints that affect forage availability in winter. Due to their very sedentary nature in winter, muskoxen are highly susceptible to localized foraging conditions; therefore, the spatial variance in resource availability may exert a strong effect on productivity. Consequently, there is a clear need to account for climate–topography effects in winter at multiple scales when predicting the potential impacts of climatic shifts on population trajectories of muskoxen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x","usgsCitation":"Gustine, D.D., Barboza, P.S., Lawler, J.P., Arthur, S.M., Shults, B.S., Persons, K., and Adams, L., 2011, Characteristics of foraging sites and protein status in wintering muskoxen: insights from isotopes of nitrogen: Oikos, v. 120, no. 10, p. 1546-1556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19215.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f498e4b0c8380cd4bde6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arthur, Stephen M.","contributorId":189438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Persons, Kate","contributorId":203273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Persons","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034416,"text":"70034416 - 2011 - Evaluating gull diets: A comparison of conventional methods and stable isotope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T11:33:06","indexId":"70034416","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating gull diets: A comparison of conventional methods and stable isotope analysis","docAbstract":"Samples such as regurgitated pellets and food remains have traditionally been used in studies of bird diets, but these can produce biased estimates depending on the digestibility of different foods. Stable isotope analysis has been developed as a method for assessing bird diets that is not biased by digestibility. These two methods may provide complementary or conflicting information on diets of birds, but are rarely compared directly. We analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of feathers of Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) chicks from eight breeding colonies in northern Alaska, and used a Bayesian mixing model to generate a probability distribution for the contribution of each food group to diets. We compared these model results with probability distributions from conventional diet samples (pellets and food remains) from the same colonies and time periods. Relative to the stable isotope estimates, conventional analysis often overestimated the contributions of birds and small mammals to gull diets and often underestimated the contributions of fish and zooplankton. Both methods gave similar estimates for the contributions of scavenged caribou, miscellaneous marine foods, and garbage to diets. Pellets and food remains therefore may be useful for assessing the importance of garbage relative to certain other foods in diets of gulls and similar birds, but are clearly inappropriate for estimating the potential impact of gulls on birds, small mammals, or fish. However, conventional samples provide more species-level information than stable isotope analysis, so a combined approach would be most useful for diet analysis and assessing a predator's impact on particular prey groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00333.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Weiser, E., and Powell, A.N., 2011, Evaluating gull diets: A comparison of conventional methods and stable isotope analysis: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 82, no. 3, p. 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00333.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-021219","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216772,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00333.x"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be5e4b0c8380cd5291e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiser, Emily L.","contributorId":171678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiser","given":"Emily L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. 0000-0002-9783-134X abby_powell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-134X","contributorId":171426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034468,"text":"70034468 - 2011 - How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T21:09:12.203437","indexId":"70034468","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","docAbstract":"Aim To demonstrate how the interrelations of individual movements form large‐scale population‐level movement patterns and how these patterns are associated with the underlying landscape dynamics by comparing ungulate movements across species.
Locations Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada, temperate forests in Massachusetts, Patagonian Steppes in Argentina, Eastern Steppes in Mongolia.
Methods We used relocation data from four ungulate species (barren‐ground caribou, Mongolian gazelle, guanaco and moose) to examine individual movements and the interrelation of movements among individuals. We applied and developed a suite of spatial metrics that measure variation in movement among individuals as population dispersion, movement coordination and realized mobility. Taken together, these metrics allowed us to quantify and distinguish among different large‐scale population‐level movement patterns such as migration, range residency and nomadism. We then related the population‐level movement patterns to the underlying landscape vegetation dynamics via long‐term remote sensing measurements of the temporal variability, spatial variability and unpredictability of vegetation productivity.
Results Moose, which remained in sedentary home ranges, and guanacos, which were partially migratory, exhibited relatively short annual movements associated with landscapes having very little broad‐scale variability in vegetation. Caribou and gazelle performed extreme long‐distance movements that were associated with broad‐scale variability in vegetation productivity during the peak of the growing season. Caribou exhibited regular seasonal migration in which individuals were clustered for most of the year and exhibited coordinated movements. In contrast, gazelle were nomadic, as individuals were independently distributed and moved in an uncoordinated manner that relates to the comparatively unpredictable (yet broad‐scale) vegetation dynamics of their landscape.
Main conclusions We show how broad‐scale landscape unpredictability may lead to nomadism, an understudied type of long‐distance movement. In contrast to classical migration where landscapes may vary at broad scales but in a predictable manner, long‐distance movements of nomadic individuals are uncoordinated and independent from other such individuals. Landscapes with little broad‐scale variability in vegetation productivity feature smaller‐scale movements and allow for range residency. Nomadism requires distinct integrative conservation strategies that facilitate long‐distance movements across the entire landscape and are not limited to certain migration corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Mueller, T., Olson, K., Dressler, G., Leimgruber, P., Fuller, T., Nicolson, C., Novaro, A., Bolgeri, M., Wattles, D.W., DeStefano, S., Calabrese, J., and Fagan, W., 2011, How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 20, no. 5, p. 683-694, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"694","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324ce4b0c8380cd5e6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, T.","contributorId":59271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, K.A.","contributorId":26543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dressler, G.","contributorId":78965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dressler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leimgruber, P.","contributorId":16676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leimgruber","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nicolson, C.","contributorId":31603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Novaro, A.J.","contributorId":31230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novaro","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bolgeri, M.J.","contributorId":34357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolgeri","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wattles, David W.","contributorId":25012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calabrese, J.M.","contributorId":84594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calabrese","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fagan, W.F.","contributorId":105829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70034536,"text":"70034536 - 2011 - The role of sample preparation in interpretation of trace element concentration variability in moss bioindication studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T20:19:41.824494","indexId":"70034536","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1530,"text":"Environmental Chemistry Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of sample preparation in interpretation of trace element concentration variability in moss bioindication studies","docAbstract":"Trace element concentrations in plant bioindicators are often determined to assess the quality of the environment. Instrumental methods used for trace element determination require digestion of samples. There are different methods of sample preparation for trace element analysis, and the selection of the best method should be fitted for the purpose of a study. Our hypothesis is that the method of sample preparation is important for interpretation of the results. Here we compare the results of 36 element determinations performed by ICP-MS on ashed and on acid-digested (HNO3, H2O2) samples of two moss species (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected in Alaska and in south-central Poland. We found that dry ashing of the moss samples prior to analysis resulted in considerably lower detection limits of all the elements examined. We also show that this sample preparation technique facilitated the determination of interregional and interspecies differences in the chemistry of trace elements. Compared to the Polish mosses, the Alaskan mosses displayed more positive correlations of the major rock-forming elements with ash content, reflecting those elements’ geogenic origin. Of the two moss species, P. schreberi from both Alaska and Poland was also highlighted by a larger number of positive element pair correlations. The cluster analysis suggests that the more uniform element distribution pattern of the Polish mosses primarily reflects regional air pollution sources. Our study has shown that the method of sample preparation is an important factor in statistical interpretation of the results of trace element determinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2","issn":"16103653","usgsCitation":"Migaszewski, Z., Lamothe, P.J., Crock, J., Galuszka, A., and Dolegowska, S., 2011, The role of sample preparation in interpretation of trace element concentration variability in moss bioindication studies: Environmental Chemistry Letters, v. 9, no. 3, p. 323-329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"329","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0282-2"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf94e4b08c986b3248d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Migaszewski, Z.M.","contributorId":88907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Migaszewski","given":"Z.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galuszka, A.","contributorId":16622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dolegowska, S.","contributorId":7509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolegowska","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034539,"text":"70034539 - 2011 - Behavioral and physiological responses to male handicap in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T15:06:57.490171","indexId":"70034539","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral and physiological responses to male handicap in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes","docAbstract":"Parental investment entails a trade-off between the benefits of effort in current offspring and the costs to future reproduction. Long-lived species are predicted to be reluctant to increase parental effort to avoid affecting their survival. We tested this hypothesis in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla by clipping flight feathers of experimental males at the beginning of the chick-rearing period. We analyzed the consequences of this handicap on feeding and attendance behavior, body condition, integument coloration, and circulating levels of corticosterone and prolactin in handicapped males and their mates in comparison to unmanipulated controls. Chicks in both groups were compared in terms of aggressive behavior, growth, and mortality. Handicapped males lost more mass, had less bright integuments, and attended the nest less often than controls. Nevertheless, they fed their chicks at the same rate and had similar corticosterone and prolactin levels. Compared with control females, females mated with handicapped males showed a lower provisioning rate and higher nest attendance in the first days after manipulation. Their lower feeding rate probably triggered the increased sibling aggression and mortality observed in experimental broods. Our findings suggest that experimental females adaptively adjusted their effort to their mate's perceived quality or that their provisioning was constrained by their higher nest attendance. Overall, our results suggest that kittiwake males can decrease their condition for the sake of their chicks, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that kittiwakes should be reluctant to increase parental effort to avoid affecting their survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arr149","usgsCitation":"Leclaire, S., Bourret, V., Wagner, R., Hatch, S.A., Helfenstein, F., Chastel, O., and Danchin, E., 2011, Behavioral and physiological responses to male handicap in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes: Behavioral Ecology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1156-1165, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr149.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1156","endPage":"1165","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr149","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.3993453979492,\n 59.39721924965303\n ],\n [\n -146.26647949218747,\n 59.39721924965303\n ],\n [\n -146.26647949218747,\n 59.47333762375535\n ],\n [\n -146.3993453979492,\n 59.47333762375535\n ],\n [\n -146.3993453979492,\n 59.39721924965303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a4e4b0c8380cd4a81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leclaire, S.","contributorId":39591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclaire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourret, V.","contributorId":62046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourret","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, R.H.","contributorId":69276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helfenstein, F.","contributorId":63922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chastel, O.","contributorId":37561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chastel","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034842,"text":"70034842 - 2011 - Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude ecosystems under contemporary climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T15:11:32","indexId":"70034842","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude ecosystems under contemporary climate change","docAbstract":"Land ownership in Alaska includes a mosaic of federally managed units. Within its agency’s context, each unit has its own management strategy, authority, and resources of conservation concern, many of which are migratory animals. Though some units are geographically isolated, many are nevertheless linked by paths of abiotic and biotic flows, such as rivers, air masses, flyways, and terrestrial and aquatic migration routes. Furthermore, individual land units exist within the context of a larger landscape pattern of shifting conditions, requiring managers to understand at larger spatial scales the status and trends in the synchrony and spatial concurrence of species and associated suitable habitats. Results of these changes will determine the ability of Alaska lands to continue to: provide habitat for local and migratory species; absorb species whose ranges are shifting northward; and experience mitigation or exacerbation of climate change through positive and negative atmospheric feedbacks. We discuss the geographic and statutory contexts that influence development of ecological monitoring; argue for the inclusion of significant amounts of broad-scale monitoring; discuss the importance of defining clear programmatic and monitoring objectives; and draw from lessons learned from existing long-term, broad-scale monitoring programs to apply to the specific contexts relevant to high-latitude protected areas such as those in Alaska. Such areas are distinguished by their: marked seasonality; relatively large magnitudes of contemporary change in climatic parameters; and relative inaccessibility due to broad spatial extent, very low (or zero) road density, and steep and glaciated areas. For ecological monitoring to effectively support management decisions in high-latitude areas such as Alaska, a monitoring program ideally would be structured to address the actual spatial and temporal scales of relevant processes, rather than the artificial boundaries of individual land-management units. Heuristic models provide a means by which to integrate understanding of ecosystem structure, composition, and function, in the midst of numerous ecosystem drivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.022","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Beever, E.A., and Woodward, A., 2011, Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude ecosystems under contemporary climate change: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 5, p. 1258-1269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.022.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1258","endPage":"1269","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216023,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -174.28710937499997,\n 51.34433866059924\n ],\n [\n -174.28710937499997,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -129.638671875,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -129.638671875,\n 51.34433866059924\n ],\n [\n -174.28710937499997,\n 51.34433866059924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff3fe4b0c8380cd4f0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":2934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035088,"text":"70035088 - 2011 - Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: hydrologic and meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable iron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:30:12","indexId":"70035088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: hydrologic and meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable iron","docAbstract":"Iron is an essential micronutrient that limits primary productivity in much of the ocean, including the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). However, the processes that transport iron to the ocean surface are poorly quantified. We combine satellite and meteorological data to provide the first description of widespread dust transport from coastal Alaska into the GoA. Dust is frequently transported from glacially-derived sediment at the mouths of several rivers, the most prominent of which is the Copper River. These dust events occur most frequently in autumn, when coastal river levels are low and riverbed sediments are exposed. The dust plumes are transported several hundred kilometers beyond the continental shelf into iron-limited waters. We estimate the mass of dust transported from the Copper River valley during one 2006 dust event to be between 25–80 ktons. Based on conservative estimates, this equates to a soluble iron loading of 30–200 tons. We suggest the soluble Fe flux from dust originating in glaciofluvial sediment deposits from the entire GoA coastline is two to three times larger, and is comparable to the annual Fe flux to GoA surface waters from eddies of coastal origin. Given that glaciers are retreating in the coastal GoA region and in other locations, it is important to examine whether fluxes of dust are increasing from glacierized landscapes to the ocean, and to assess the impact of associated Fe on marine ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010GL046573","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Schroth, A., Gasso, S., Moy, C., Levy, R., and Gatica, M., 2011, Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: hydrologic and meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable iron: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 6, L06602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046573.","productDescription":"L06602","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487246,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl046573","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046573"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.5,47.0 ], [ -170.5,61.7 ], [ -123.6,61.7 ], [ -123.6,47.0 ], [ -170.5,47.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2901e4b0c8380cd5a5dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":449237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasso, S.","contributorId":28447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasso","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moy, C.M.","contributorId":81328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moy","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Levy, R.C.","contributorId":11435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gatica, M.","contributorId":24191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatica","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035679,"text":"70035679 - 2011 - A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T19:28:33.410291","indexId":"70035679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?","docAbstract":"Making a detour can be advantageous to a migrating bird if fuel-deposition rates at stopover sites along the detour are considerably higher than at stopover sites along a more direct route. One example of an extensive migratory detour is that of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (Calidris acuminata), of which large numbers of juveniles are found during fall migration in western Alaska. These birds take a detour of 1500–3400 km from the most direct route between their natal range in northeastern Siberia and nonbreeding areas in Australia. We studied the autumnal fueling rates and fuel loads of 357 Sharp-tailed Sandpipers captured in western Alaska. In early September the birds increased in mass at a rate of only 0.5% of lean body mass day-1. Later in September, the rate of mass increase was about 6% of lean body mass day-1, among the highest values found among similar-sized shorebirds around the world. Some individuals more than doubled their body mass because of fuel deposition, allowing nonstop flight of between 7100 and 9800 km, presumably including a trans-oceanic flight to the southern hemisphere. Our observations indicated that predator attacks were rare in our study area, adding another potential benefit of the detour. We conclude that the most likely reason for the Alaskan detour is that it allows juvenile Sharp-tailed Sandpipers to put on large fuel stores at exceptionally high rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090171","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Lindstrom, A., Gill, R., Jamieson, S., McCaffery, B., Wennerberg, L., Wikelski, M., and Klaassen, M., 2011, A puzzling migratory detour : Are fueling conditions in Alaska driving the movement of juvenile sharp -tailed sandpipers ?: Condor, v. 113, no. 1, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475151,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090171"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 64.20637724320852\n ],\n [\n -166.11328125,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -166.728515625,\n 61.81466389468391\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -164.443359375,\n 59.44507509904714\n ],\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 59.22093407615045\n ],\n [\n -161.103515625,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -159.345703125,\n 62.471723714758724\n ],\n [\n -158.81835937499997,\n 63.66576033778838\n ],\n [\n -160.224609375,\n 64.4348920430406\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 64.20637724320852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e522e4b0c8380cd46b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindstrom, A.","contributorId":60880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamieson, S.E.","contributorId":21006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamieson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaffery, B.","contributorId":44758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wennerberg, Liv","contributorId":63360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Liv","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wikelski, M.","contributorId":95188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klaassen, M.","contributorId":96921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaassen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035949,"text":"70035949 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:55.472534","indexId":"70035949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","docAbstract":"In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594 m (1950 ft), approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606 m (1987 ft) to 760 m (2494 ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914 m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536 m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870 m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6 cm (3 in) diameter core through 154 m (504 ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Rose, K., Boswell, R., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.34375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ],\n [\n -140.537109375,\n 71.44117085172385\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 71.44117085172385\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 67.7427590666639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036007,"text":"70036007 - 2011 - Gas production from a cold, stratigraphically-bounded gas hydrate deposit at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Implications of uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T21:18:16.850368","indexId":"70036007","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas production from a cold, stratigraphically-bounded gas hydrate deposit at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Implications of uncertainties","docAbstract":"As part of an effort to identify suitable targets for a planned long-term field test, we investigate by means of numerical simulation the gas production potential from unit D, a stratigraphically bounded (Class 3) permafrost-associated hydrate occurrence penetrated in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on North Slope, Alaska. This shallow, low-pressure deposit has high porosities (ϕ = 0.4), high intrinsic permeabilities (k = 10−12 m2) and high hydrate saturations (SH = 0.65). It has a low temperature (T = 2.3–2.6 °C) because of its proximity to the overlying permafrost. The simulation results indicate that vertical wells operating at a constant bottomhole pressure would produce at very low rates for a very long period. Horizontal wells increase gas production by almost two orders of magnitude, but production remains low. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the initial deposit temperature is by the far the most important factor determining production performance (and the most effective criterion for target selection) because it controls the sensible heat available to fuel dissociation. Thus, a 1 °C increase in temperature is sufficient to increase the production rate by a factor of almost 8. Production also increases with a decreasing hydrate saturation (because of a larger effective permeability for a given k), and is favored (to a lesser extent) by anisotropy.
A significant number of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms, some of which are accompanied by ground deformation and/or volcanic gas emissions, do not culminate in an eruption. These swarms are often thought to represent stalled intrusions of magma into the mid- or shallow-level crust. Real-time assessment of the likelihood that a VT swarm will culminate in an eruption is one of the key challenges of volcano monitoring, and retrospective analysis of non-eruptive swarms provides an important framework for future assessments. Here we explore models for a non-eruptive VT earthquake swarm located beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May 1996–June 1997 through calculation and inversion of fault-plane solutions for swarm and background periods, and through Coulomb stress modeling of faulting types and hypocenter locations observed during the swarm. Through a comparison of models of deep and shallow intrusions to swarm observations, we aim to test the hypothesis that the 1996–97 swarm represented a shallow intrusion, or “failed” eruption. Observations of the 1996–97 swarm are found to be consistent with several scenarios including both shallow and deep intrusion, most likely involving a relatively small volume of intruded magma and/or a low degree of magma pressurization corresponding to a relatively low likelihood of eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., and Power, J.A., 2011, Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iliamna Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5367e4b0c8380cd6ca6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036211,"text":"70036211 - 2011 - Distribution, population status and trends of Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Lower Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T10:49:31","indexId":"70036211","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distribution, population status and trends of Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Lower Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay, Alaska","title":"Distribution, population status and trends of Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Lower Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Lower Cook Inlet (LCI) in south-central Alaska is unusual among the breeding areas of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris because of human impacts on the marine and terrestrial environments and because of the lack of tidewater glaciers. In LCI the Kittlitz's Murrelet co-exists with the more abundant Marbled Murrelet, which complicates abundance estimates because of the difficulty of species identification. We compared survey data for an area with overlapping coverage in LCI (Core area) in 1993 (June) and from 1996 to 1999 (July-early August). Within this LCI Core area, the surveys in 1996-1999 estimated ~1600 Kittlitz's Murrelets and ~17 000 Marbled Murrelets, including prorated unidentified murrelets. The Kittlitz's Murrelet population declined between 1993 and 1999 at 26% per annum (84% overall). Simultaneously, Marbled Murrelets declined by 12% per annum (56% overall), though the decline was not statistically significant. Declines were estimated conservatively because the 1993 survey was conducted in June, when both murrelet species are less abundant on the water. We also surveyed Kachemak Bay, a large embayment of LCI, during mid-summer (July) of 2005-2007 and estimated a population of 2047 Kittlitz's Murrelets (SD 1120, n = 3 years) residing primarily in the inner bay. Marbled Murrelets numbered 11 040 (SD 1306) and were found throughout the bay. On one transect set in inner Kachemak Bay, Kittlitz's Murrelet density in late summer (1-16 August) declined 7.5% per annum between 1988 and 2007 (n = 6 years), and Marbled Murrelet density increased 4.9% per annum. On two other transect sets in the inner bay, however, neither murrelet species showed a change in density between 1996 and 2007. Inner Kachemak Bay is a persistent hotspot for Kittlitz's Murrelet and may attract murrelets from LCI and beyond. We recommend monitoring murrelet populations in Kachemak Bay, although Kittlitz's Murrelets likely move between the main body of Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay, and a complete LCI survey is needed to gauge regional population trends.","language":"English","issn":"10183337","usgsCitation":"Kuletz, K.J., Speckman, S., Piatt, J.F., and Labunski, E., 2011, Distribution, population status and trends of Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Lower Cook Inlet and Kachemak Bay, Alaska: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 39, no. 1, p. 85-95.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0322e4b0c8380cd50365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labunski, E.A.","contributorId":97750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labunski","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036212,"text":"70036212 - 2011 - Genetic differentiation of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:01:16","indexId":"70036212","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic differentiation of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Information about the distribution of genetic variation within and among local populations of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is needed for effective conservation of this rare and declining species. We compared variation in a 429 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region and 11 microsatellite loci among 53 Kittlitz's Murrelets from three sites in the western Aleutian Islands (Attu Island) and Gulf of Alaska (Glacier Bay and Kachemak Bay). We found that birds in these two regions differ genetically in three assessments: (1) global and pairwise indices of genetic differentiation were significantly greater than zero, (2) mitochondrial haplotypes differed by a minimum of nine substitutions, and (3) molecular assignments indicated little gene flow between regions. The data suggest that birds in these regions have been genetically isolated for an extended period. We conclude that Kittlitz's Murrelets from Attu Island and from the Gulf of Alaska represent separate evolutionarily significant units, and should be treated as such for conservation. Genetic data for Kittlitz's Murrelets from the remainder of the breeding range are urgently needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","issn":"10183337","usgsCitation":"Birt, T., Mackinnon, D., Piatt, J.F., and Friesen, V.L., 2011, Genetic differentiation of the Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 39, no. 1, p. 45-51.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=912"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a156fe4b0c8380cd54df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birt, T.P.","contributorId":82411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birt","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackinnon, D.","contributorId":63254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackinnon","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036266,"text":"70036266 - 2011 - Regional shoreline change and coastal erosion hazards in Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T17:46:06.179722","indexId":"70036266","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional shoreline change and coastal erosion hazards in Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Historical shoreline positions along the mainland Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska were digitized and analyzed to determine the long-term rate of change. Average shoreline change rates and ranges from 1947 to the mid-2000s were determined every 50 meters between Barrow and Demarcation Point, at the U.S.-Canadian border. Results show that shoreline change rates are highly variable along the coast, with an average regional shoreline change rate of-2.0 m/yr and localized rates of up to -19 m/yr. The highest erosion rates were observed at headlands, points, and associated with breached thermokarst lakes. Areas of accretion were limited, and generally associated with spit extension and minor beach accretion. In general, erosion rates increase from east to west, with overall higher rates east of Harrison Bay.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference","conferenceDate":"June 25-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41185(417)24","isbn":"9780784411858","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Harden, E.L., Richmond, B.M., and Erikson, L.H., 2011, Regional shoreline change and coastal erosion hazards in Arctic Alaska, in Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2011 - Proceedings of the 2011 Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference, Anchorage, AK, June 25-29, 2011, p. 258-272, https://doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)24.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)24"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 69.09993967425089\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.09993967425089\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 71.96538769913127\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 71.96538769913127\n ],\n [\n -160.75195312499997,\n 69.09993967425089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a578e4b0e8fec6cdbe16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, E. Lynne","contributorId":54639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}