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In general, the SSY decreases along the course of a river as sediments are trapped in alluvial plains and other sinks. However, this relation between SSY and basin area can actually be an increasing one when there is a predominance of channel erosion relative to hillslope erosion. The US Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study of suspended sediment in the Iowa River basin (IRB), Iowa, and the Yazoo River basin (YRB), Mississippi, from 2006 through 2008. Within each river basin, the SSY from four largely agricultural watersheds of various sizes (2.3 to 35,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;[0.9 to 13,513 mi</span><sup>2</sup><span>]) was investigated. In the smallest watersheds, YRB sites had greater SSY compared to IRB sites due to higher rain erosivity, more erodible soils, more overland flow, and fluvial geomorphological differences. Watersheds in the YRB showed a steady decrease in SSY with increasing drainage basin area, whereas in the IRB, the maximum SSY occurred at the 30 to 500 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;(11.6 to 193 mi</span><sup>2</sup><span>) scale. Subsurface tile drainage and limits to channel downcutting restrict the upstream migration of sediment sources in the IRB. Nevertheless, by comparing the SSY-basin size scaling relationships with estimated rates of field erosion under conservation and conventional tillage treatments reported in previous literature, we show evidence that the SSY-basin size relationship in both the IRB and YRB remain impacted by historical erosion rates that occurred prior to conservation efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","doi":"10.2489/jswc.71.3.267","usgsCitation":"Merten, G., Welch, H.L., and Tomer, M., 2016, Effects of hydrology, watershed size, and agricultural practices on sediment yields in two river basins in Iowa and Mississippi: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 71, no. 3, p. 267-278, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.71.3.267.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066515","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science 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,{"id":70173560,"text":"70173560 - 2016 - INVASIVESNET towards an International Association for Open Knowledge on Invasive Alien Species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:26:01","indexId":"70173560","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-07T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"INVASIVESNET towards an International Association for Open Knowledge on Invasive Alien Species","docAbstract":"<p>In a world where invasive alien species (IAS) are recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity, leading scientists from five continents have come together to propose the concept of developing an international association for open knowledge and open data on IAS&mdash;termed &ldquo;INVASIVESNET&rdquo;. This new association will facilitate greater understanding and improved management of invasive alien species (IAS) and biological invasions globally, by developing a sustainable network of networks for effective knowledge exchange. In addition to their inclusion in the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, the increasing ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts associated with IAS have driven the development of multiple legal instruments and policies. This increases the need for greater co-ordination, co-operation, and information exchange among scientists, management, the community of practice and the public.</p>\n<p>INVASIVESNET will be formed by linking new and existing networks of interested stakeholders including international and national expert working groups and initiatives, individual scientists, database managers, thematic open access journals, environmental agencies, practitioners, managers, industry, non-government organisations, citizens and educational bodies. The association will develop technical tools and cyberinfrastructure for the collection, management and dissemination of data and information on IAS; create an effective communication platform for global stakeholders; and promote coordination and collaboration through international meetings, workshops, education, training and outreach.</p>\n<p>To date, the sustainability of many strategic national and international initiatives on IAS have unfortunately been hampered by time-limited grants or funding cycles. Recognising that IAS initiatives need to be globally coordinated and ongoing, we aim to develop a sustainable knowledge sharing association to connect the outputs of IAS research and to inform the consequential management and societal challenges arising from IAS introductions. INVASIVESNET will provide a dynamic and enduring network of networks to ensure the continuity of connections among the IAS community of practice, science and management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2016.7.2.01","usgsCitation":"Lucy, F., Roy, H., Simpson, A., Carlton, J.T., Hanson, J.M., Magellan, K., Campbell, M.L., Costello, M.J., Pagad, S., Hewitt, C.L., McDonald, J., Cassey, P., Thomaz, S.M., Katsanevakis, S., Zenetos, A., Tricarico, E., Boggero, A., Groom, Q.J., Adriaens, T., Vanderhoeven, S., Torchin, M.E., Hufbauer, R., Fuller, P., Carman, M., Conn, D.B., Vitule, J.R., Canning-Clode, J., Galil, B.S., Ojaveer, H., Bailey, S.A., Therriault, T.W., Claudi, R., Gazda, A., Dick, J.T., Caffrey, J., Witt, A., Kenis, M., Lehtiniemi, M., Helmisaari, H., and Panov, V.E., 2016, INVASIVESNET towards an International Association for Open Knowledge on Invasive Alien Species: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 7, 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S.","affiliations":[{"id":26905,"text":"Federal University of Paraná, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Canning-Clode, Joao","contributorId":170603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canning-Clode","given":"Joao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Galil, Bella S","contributorId":171416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galil","given":"Bella","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":26906,"text":"National Institute of Oceanography, Israel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Ojaveer, Henn","contributorId":171417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ojaveer","given":"Henn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26907,"text":"University of Tartu, Estonia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Bailey, Sarah A","contributorId":171418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":26896,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Therriault, Thomas W","contributorId":171419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Therriault","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":26896,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Claudi, Renata","contributorId":171420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claudi","given":"Renata","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26908,"text":"RNT Consulting Inc., Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Gazda, Anna","contributorId":171421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gazda","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26909,"text":"University of Agriculture, Poland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Dick, Jaimie T A","contributorId":171422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dick","given":"Jaimie","email":"","middleInitial":"T A","affiliations":[{"id":26891,"text":"Queens University, Belfast, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Caffrey, Joe","contributorId":171400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caffrey","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26892,"text":"Inland Fisheries Ireland and INVAS, Ireland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Witt, Arne","contributorId":29948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Arne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Kenis, Marc","contributorId":171423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenis","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26910,"text":"CABI, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Lehtiniemi, Maiju","contributorId":171424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehtiniemi","given":"Maiju","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26911,"text":"Finnish Environment Institute, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Helmisaari, Harry","contributorId":171425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmisaari","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26911,"text":"Finnish Environment Institute, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Panov, Vadim E","contributorId":171396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panov","given":"Vadim","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":26889,"text":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70173698,"text":"70173698 - 2016 - Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T11:30:22","indexId":"70173698","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-07T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture","docAbstract":"<p>Estimating the abundance or density of populations is fundamental to the conservation and management of species, and as landscapes become more fragmented, maintaining landscape connectivity has become one of the most important challenges for biodiversity conservation. Yet these two issues have never been formally integrated together in a model that simultaneously models abundance while accounting for connectivity of a landscape. We demonstrate an application of using capture&ndash;recapture to develop a model of animal density using a least-cost path model for individual encounter probability that accounts for non-Euclidean connectivity in a highly structured network. We utilized scat detection dogs (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) as a means of collecting non-invasive genetic samples of American mink (<i>Neovison vison</i>) individuals and used spatial capture&ndash;recapture models (SCR) to gain inferences about mink population density and connectivity. Density of mink was not constant across the landscape, but rather increased with increasing distance from city, town, or village centers, and mink activity was associated with water. The SCR model allowed us to estimate the density and spatial distribution of individuals across a 388&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> area. The model was used to investigate patterns of space usage and to evaluate covariate effects on encounter probabilities, including differences between sexes. This study provides an application of capture&ndash;recapture models based on ecological distance, allowing us to directly estimate landscape connectivity. This approach should be widely applicable to provide simultaneous direct estimates of density, space usage, and landscape connectivity for many species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/15-0315","usgsCitation":"Fuller, A.K., Sutherland, C.S., Royle, A., and Hare, M.P., 2016, Estimating population density and connectivity of American mink using spatial capture-recapture: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1125-1135, https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0315.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060020","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757e21ee4b04f417c24269a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutherland, Christopher S.","contributorId":139375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Matthew P.","contributorId":171454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173702,"text":"70173702 - 2016 - Seeing the forest through the trees: Considering roost-site selection at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T12:52:20","indexId":"70173702","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-07T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the forest through the trees: Considering roost-site selection at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conservation of bat species is one of the most daunting wildlife conservation challenges in North America, requiring detailed knowledge about their ecology to guide conservation efforts. Outside of the hibernating season, bats in temperate forest environments spend their diurnal time in day-roosts. In addition to simple shelter, summer roost availability is as critical as maternity sites and maintaining social group contact. To date, a major focus of bat conservation has concentrated on conserving individual roost sites, with comparatively less focus on the role that broader habitat conditions contribute towards roost-site selection. We evaluated roost-site selection by a northern population of federally-endangered Indiana bats (</span><i>Myotis sodalis</i><span>) at Fort Drum Military Installation in New York, USA at three different spatial scales: landscape, forest stand, and individual tree level. During 2007&ndash;2011, we radiotracked 33 Indiana bats (10 males, 23 females) and located 348 roosting events in 116 unique roost trees. At the landscape scale, bat roost-site selection was positively associated with northern mixed forest, increased slope, and greater distance from human development. At the stand scale, we observed subtle differences in roost site selection based on sex and season, but roost selection was generally positively associated with larger stands with a higher basal area, larger tree diameter, and a greater sugar maple (</span><i>Acer saccharum</i><span>) component. We observed no distinct trends of roosts being near high-quality foraging areas of water and forest edges. At the tree scale, roosts were typically in American elm (</span><i>Ulmus americana</i><span>) or sugar maple of large diameter (&gt;30 cm) of moderate decay with loose bark. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of considering day roost needs simultaneously across multiple spatial scales. Size and decay class of individual roosts are key ecological attributes for the Indiana bat, however, larger-scale stand structural components that are products of past and current land use interacting with environmental aspects such as landform also are important factors influencing roost-tree selection patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0150011","usgsCitation":"Jachowski, D.S., Rota, C., Dobony, C.A., Ford, W.M., and Edwards, J.W., 2016, Seeing the forest through the trees: Considering roost-site selection at multiple spatial scales: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 3, e0150011; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150011.","productDescription":"e0150011; 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064338","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757e220e4b04f417c2426b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rota, Christopher T.","contributorId":92547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rota","given":"Christopher T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobony, Christopher A.","contributorId":171455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobony","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":169828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70171572,"text":"70171572 - 2016 - Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) generation time and proportion of current breeding females by age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T18:53:10","indexId":"70171572","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-06T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) generation time and proportion of current breeding females by age","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information is sparse about aspects of female wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) breeding in the wild, including age of first reproduction, mean age of primiparity, generation time, and proportion of each age that breeds in any given year. We studied these subjects in 86 wolves (113 captures) in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Minnesota (MN), during 1972–2013 where wolves were legally protected for most of the period, and in 159 harvested wolves from throughout MN wolf range during 2012–2014. Breeding status of SNF wolves were assessed via nipple measurements, and wolves from throughout MN wolf range, by placental scars. In the SNF, proportions of currently breeding females (those breeding in the year sampled) ranged from 19% at age 2 to 80% at age 5, and from throughout wolf range, from 33% at age 2 to 100% at age 7. Excluding pups and yearlings, only 33% to 36% of SNF females and 58% of females from throughout MN wolf range bred in any given year. Generation time for SNF wolves was 4.3 years and for MN wolf range, 4.7 years. These findings will be useful in modeling wolf population dynamics and in wolf genetic and dog-domestication studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0156682","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Barber-Meyer, S., and Erb, J., 2016, Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) generation time and proportion of current breeding females by age: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156682.","productDescription":"e0156682; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066490","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156682","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70171555,"text":"70171555 - 2016 - Long-distance translocations to create a second millerbird population and reduce extinction risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T13:36:05","indexId":"70171555","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-03T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-distance translocations to create a second millerbird population and reduce extinction risk","docAbstract":"<p><span>Translocation is a conservation tool used with increasing frequency to create additional populations of threatened species. In addition to following established general guidelines for translocations, detailed planning to account for unique circumstances and intensive post-release monitoring to document outcomes and guide management are essential components of these projects. Recent translocation of the critically endangered Nihoa millerbird (</span><i>Acrocephalus familiaris kingi</i><span>) provides an example of this planning and monitoring. The Nihoa millerbird is a passerine bird endemic to Nihoa Island in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The closely related, ecologically similar Laysan millerbird (</span><i>Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris</i><span>) went extinct on Laysan Island in the early 20th century when the island was denuded by introduced rabbits. To reduce extinction risk, we translocated 50 adult Nihoa millerbirds more than 1000&nbsp;km by sea to Laysan, which has recovered substantially in the past century and has ample habitat and a rich prey-base for millerbirds. Following five years of intensive background research and planning, including development of husbandry techniques, fundraising, and regulatory compliance, translocations occurred in 2011 and 2012. Of 11 females in each cohort, 8 (2011 cohort) and 11 (2012 cohort) produced at least one brood of fledglings during their first year on Laysan. At the conclusion of monitoring in September 2014, 37 of the translocated birds were known to survive, and the population was estimated at 164 birds. The reintroduction of millerbirds to Laysan represents a milestone in the island's ongoing restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.006","usgsCitation":"Freifeld, H., Plentovich, S., Chris Farmer, Kohley, C., Luscomb, P., Work, T.M., Tsukayama, D., George Wallace, MacDonald, M., and Conant, S., 2016, Long-distance translocations to create a second millerbird population and reduce extinction risk: Biological Conservation, v. 199, p. 146-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070052","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"George Wallace","contributorId":170013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George Wallace","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"MacDonald, Mark","contributorId":170014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25651,"text":"University of New Brunswick, Dept of Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Conant, Sheila","contributorId":170015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conant","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25652,"text":"University of Hawaii, Dept of Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70171548,"text":"70171548 - 2016 - Flexible characterization of animal movement pattern using net squared displacement and a latent state model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T11:14:39","indexId":"70171548","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-03T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexible characterization of animal movement pattern using net squared displacement and a latent state model","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Background</h5>\n<p id=\"Par1\" class=\"Para\">Characterizing the movement patterns of animals is an important step in understanding their ecology. Various methods have been developed for classifying animal movement at both coarse (e.g., migratory vs. sedentary behavior) and fine (e.g., resting vs. foraging) scales. A popular approach for classifying movements at coarse resolutions involves fitting time series of net-squared displacement (NSD) to models representing different conceptualizations of coarse movement strategies (i.e., migration, nomadism, sedentarism, etc.). However, the performance of this method in classifying actual (as opposed to simulated) animal movements has been mixed. Here, we develop a more flexible method that uses the same NSD input, but relies on an underlying discrete latent state model. Using simulated data, we first assess how well patterns in the number of transitions between modes of movement and the duration of time spent in a mode classify movement strategies. We then apply our approach to elucidate variability in the movement strategies of eight giant tortoises (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Chelonoidis</i>&nbsp;sp.) using a multi-year (2009&ndash;2014) GPS dataset from three different Galapagos Islands.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Results</h5>\n<p id=\"Par2\" class=\"Para\">With respect to patterns of time spent and the number of transitions between modes, our approach out-performed previous efforts to distinguish among migration, dispersal, and sedentary behavior. We documented marked inter-individual variation in giant tortoise movement strategies, with behaviors indicating migration, dispersal, nomadism and sedentarism, as well as hybrid behaviors such as &ldquo;exploratory residence&rdquo;.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h5 class=\"Heading\">Conclusions</h5>\n<p id=\"Par3\" class=\"Para\">Distilling complex animal movement into discrete modes remains a fundamental challenge in movement ecology, a problem made more complex by the ever-longer duration, ever-finer resolution, and gap-ridden trajectories recorded by GPS devices. By clustering into modes, we derived information on the time spent within one mode and the number of transitions between modes which enabled finer differentiation of movement strategies over previous methods. Ultimately, the techniques developed here address limitations of previous approaches and provide greater insights with respect to characterization of movement strategies across scales by more fully utilizing long-term GPS telemetry datasets.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/s40462-016-0080-y","usgsCitation":"Bastille-Rousseau, G., Potts, J., Yackulic, C.B., Frair, J.L., Ellington, H., and Blake, S., 2016, Flexible characterization of animal movement pattern using net squared displacement and a latent state model: Movement Ecology, v. 4, no. 15, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-016-0080-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068586","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-016-0080-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57529c1ae4b053f0edd0823e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume","contributorId":169986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastille-Rousseau","given":"Guillaume","affiliations":[{"id":25645,"text":"State Uni. of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potts, Jonathan","contributorId":169987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potts","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25646,"text":"Uni. of Sheffield","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frair, Jacqueline L.","contributorId":140184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frair","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13404,"text":"SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellington, Hance","contributorId":169988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellington","given":"Hance","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16985,"text":"Trent University & Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blake, Stephen","contributorId":65339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blake","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12472,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70169023,"text":"70169023 - 2016 - A new panel of SNP markers for the individual identification of North American pumas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:40:19","indexId":"70169023","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-03T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new panel of SNP markers for the individual identification of North American pumas","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstractSection\">\n<p class=\"last\">Pumas&nbsp;<i>Puma concolor</i>&nbsp;are one of the most studied terrestrial carnivores because of their widespread distribution, substantial ecological impacts, and conflicts with humans. Over the past decade, managing pumas has involved extensive efforts including the use of genetic methods. Microsatellites have been the most commonly used genetic markers; however, technical artifacts and little overlap of frequently used loci render large-scale comparison of puma genetic data across studies challenging. Therefore, a panel of genetic markers that can produce consistent genotypes across studies without the need for extensive calibrations is essential for range-wide genetic management of puma populations. Here, we describe the development of PumaPlex, a high-throughput assay to genotype 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms in pumas. We validated PumaPlex in 748 North American pumas&nbsp;<i>Puma concolor&nbsp;couguar,</i>&nbsp;and demonstrated its ability to generate reproducible genotypes and accurately identify individuals. Furthermore, in a test using fecal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, we found that PumaPlex produced significantly more genotypes with fewer errors than 12 microsatellite loci, 8 of which are commonly used. Our results demonstrate that PumaPlex is a valuable tool for the genetic monitoring and management of North American puma populations. Given the analytical simplicity, reproducibility, and high-throughput capability of single nucleotide polymorphisms, PumaPlex provides a standard panel of markers that promotes the comparison of genotypes across studies and independent of the genotyping technology used.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/112014-JFWM-080","usgsCitation":"Fitak, R.R., Naidu, A., Thompson, R.W., and Culver, M., 2016, A new panel of SNP markers for the individual identification of North American pumas: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 13-27, https://doi.org/10.3996/112014-JFWM-080.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061034","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/112014-jfwm-080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57529c19e4b053f0edd08227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitak, Robert R.","contributorId":169991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naidu, Ashwin","contributorId":170000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naidu","given":"Ashwin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Ron W.","contributorId":170001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24784,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, Arizona 85086, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174420,"text":"70174420 - 2016 - Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T12:46:37","indexId":"70174420","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Findings from nearly two decades of research focused on the Columbia River littoral cell (CRLC), a set of rapidly prograding coastal barriers and strand-plains in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, are synthesized to investigate the morphodynamics associated with prograding beaches. Due to a large sediment supply from the Columbia River, the CRLC is the only extensive stretch of shoreline on the U.S. west coast to have advanced significantly seaward during the late Holocene. Since the last Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake in 1700, with associated co-seismic subsidence and tsunami, much of the CRLC has prograded hundreds of meters. However, the rates of progradation, and the processes most responsible for sediment accumulation, vary depending on time scale and the morphological unit in question. Remarkably, the 20th and early 21st century shoreline change rates were more than double the late prehistoric rates that include recovery from the last major CSZ event, most likely due to an increase in sediment supply resulting from inlet jetty construction. In some locations detailed beach morphology monitoring reveals that at interannual- to decadal-scale the upper shoreface aggraded about 2&nbsp;cm/yr, subtidal sandbars migrated offshore and decayed while intertidal bars migrated onshore and welded to the shoreline, the shoreline prograded about 4 m/yr, and 1 to 2 new foredune ridges were generated. A detailed meso-scale sediment budget analysis in one location within the littoral cell shows that approximately 100&nbsp;m</span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>3</sup></span><span class=\"s1\">/m/yr accumulated between &minus;&nbsp;12&nbsp;m (seaward limit of data) and +&nbsp;9&nbsp;m (crest of landward-most foredune). Gradients in alongshore sediment transport, net onshore-directed cross-shore sediment transport within the surf zone, and cross-shore feeding from a shoreface out of equilibrium with forcing conditions are each partially responsible for the significant rates of sediment supplied to the beaches and dunes of the CRLC during the observational period. Direct observations of beach progradation at seasonal- to decadal-scale are put in context of measured or inferred changes over time scales of decades to centuries.</span></p>\n<p class=\"p1\">&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Kaminsky, G., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Cohn, N., 2016, Morphodynamics of prograding beaches: A synthesis of seasonal- to century-scale observations of the Columbia River littoral cell: Marine Geology, v. 376, p. 51-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071226","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              47.212105775622426\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.255615234375,\n              47.212105775622426\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.255615234375,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"376","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd012e4b0589fa1cbdbc3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.012","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Ruggiero Peter, Kaminsky George M., Gelfenbaum Guy, Cohn Nicholas","journalName":"Marine Geology","publicationDate":"6/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminsky, George","contributorId":60262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohn, Nicholas","contributorId":172822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187260,"text":"70187260 - 2016 - Population viability analysis for endangered Roanoke logperch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T11:00:56","indexId":"70187260","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population viability analysis for endangered Roanoke logperch","docAbstract":"<p><span>A common strategy for recovering endangered species is ensuring that populations exceed the minimum viable population size (MVP), a demographic benchmark that theoretically ensures low long-term extinction risk. One method of establishing MVP is population viability analysis, a modeling technique that simulates population trajectories and forecasts extinction risk based on a series of biological, environmental, and management assumptions. Such models also help identify key uncertainties that have a large influence on extinction risk. We used stochastic count-based simulation models to explore extinction risk, MVP, and the possible benefits of alternative management strategies in populations of Roanoke logperch </span><i><i>Percina rex</i></i><span>, an endangered stream fish. Estimates of extinction risk were sensitive to the assumed population growth rate and model type, carrying capacity, and catastrophe regime (frequency and severity of anthropogenic fish kills), whereas demographic augmentation did little to reduce extinction risk. Under density-dependent growth, the estimated MVP for Roanoke logperch ranged from 200 to 4200 individuals, depending on the assumed severity of catastrophes. Thus, depending on the MVP threshold, anywhere from two to all five of the logperch populations we assessed were projected to be viable. Despite this uncertainty, these results help identify populations with the greatest relative extinction risk, as well as management strategies that might reduce this risk the most, such as increasing carrying capacity and reducing fish kills. Better estimates of population growth parameters and catastrophe regimes would facilitate the refinement of MVP and extinction-risk estimates, and they should be a high priority for future research on Roanoke logperch and other imperiled stream-fish species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/032015-JFWM-026","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J.H., Angermeier, P.L., and Anderson, G.B., 2016, Population viability analysis for endangered Roanoke logperch: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 46-64, https://doi.org/10.3996/032015-JFWM-026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-061309","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a4e4b022cee40dc23e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James H.","contributorId":83811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gregory B.","contributorId":65988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179056,"text":"70179056 - 2016 - Development and use of mathematical models and software frameworks for integrated analysis of agricultural systems and associated water use impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-15T15:47:50","indexId":"70179056","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5237,"text":"AIMS Agriculture and Food","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and use of mathematical models and software frameworks for integrated analysis of agricultural systems and associated water use impacts","docAbstract":"<p><span>The development of appropriate water management strategies requires, in part, a methodology for quantifying and evaluating the impact of water policy decisions on regional stakeholders. In this work, we describe the framework we are developing to enhance the body of resources available to policy makers, farmers, and other community members in their e orts to understand, quantify, and assess the often competing objectives water consumers have with respect to usage. The foundation for the framework is the construction of a simulation-based optimization software tool using two existing software packages. In particular, we couple a robust optimization software suite (DAKOTA) with the USGS MF-OWHM water management simulation tool to provide a flexible software environment that will enable the evaluation of one or multiple (possibly competing) user-defined (or stakeholder) objectives. We introduce the individual software components and outline the communication strategy we defined for the coupled development. We present numerical results for case studies related to crop portfolio management with several defined objectives. The objectives are not optimally satisfied for any single user class, demonstrating the capability of the software tool to aid in the evaluation of a variety of competing interests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AIMS Press","doi":"10.3934/agrfood.2016.2.208","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.R., Jenkins, E., Parno, M., Chrispell, J., Colon, A.I., and Hanson, R.T., 2016, Development and use of mathematical models and software frameworks for integrated analysis of agricultural systems and associated water use impacts: AIMS Agriculture and Food, v. 1, no. 2, p. 208-226, https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2016.2.208.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"208","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-072839","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2016.2.208","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5853ba42e4b0e2663625f2c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, K. R.","contributorId":177462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, E.W.","contributorId":177463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parno, M.","contributorId":177464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parno","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chrispell, J.C.","contributorId":177465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chrispell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colon, A. I.","contributorId":177466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colon","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70175601,"text":"70175601 - 2016 - Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:02:59","indexId":"70175601","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ex situ conservation strategies for threatened species often require long-term commitment and financial investment to achieve management objectives. We present a framework that considers the decision to adopt ex situ management for a target species as the end point of several linked decisions. We used a decision tree to intuitively represent the logical sequence of decision making. The first decision is to identify the specific management actions most likely to achieve the fundamental objectives of the recovery plan, with or without the use of ex-situ populations. Once this decision has been made, one decides whether to establish an ex situ population, accounting for the probability of success in the initial phase of the recovery plan, for example, the probability of successful breeding in captivity. Approaching these decisions in the reverse order (attempting to establish an ex situ population before its purpose is clearly defined) can lead to a poor allocation of resources, because it may restrict the range of available decisions in the second stage. We applied our decision framework to the recovery program for the threatened spotted tree frog&nbsp;</span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">(Litoria spenceri)</span><span>&nbsp;of southeastern Australia. Across a range of possible management actions, only those including ex situ management were expected to provide &gt;50% probability of the species&rsquo; persistence, but these actions cost more than use of in situ alternatives only. The expected benefits of ex situ actions were predicted to be offset by additional uncertainty and stochasticity associated with establishing and maintaining ex situ populations. Na&iuml;vely implementing ex situ conservation strategies can lead to inefficient management. Our framework may help managers explicitly evaluate objectives, management options, and the probability of success prior to establishing a captive colony of any given species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12613","usgsCitation":"Canessa, S., Converse, S.J., West, M., Clemann, N., Gillespie, G., McFadden, M., Silla, A.J., Parris, K.M., and McCarthy, M.A., 2016, Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty: Conservation Biology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 599-609, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12613.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"609","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066153","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1119885","text":"External Repository"},{"id":326685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b54e4b03bcb0104bc33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canessa, Stefano","contributorId":149295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canessa","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, Matt","contributorId":173780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemann, Nick","contributorId":173773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clemann","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27292,"text":"Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillespie, Graeme","contributorId":173774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Graeme","affiliations":[{"id":27293,"text":"NT Department of Land Resource Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McFadden, Michael","contributorId":173775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27294,"text":"Taronga Conservation Society Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Silla, Aimee J.","contributorId":173776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silla","given":"Aimee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parris, Kirsten M","contributorId":173777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parris","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCarthy, Michael A","contributorId":173778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70160864,"text":"70160864 - 2016 - Book review: New concepts and discoveries: the Geological Society of Nevada 2015 Symposium Proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-30T11:32:39","indexId":"70160864","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: New concepts and discoveries: the Geological Society of Nevada 2015 Symposium Proceedings","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Nevada Geological Society has a long history of convening meetings and workshops focused on the geology and metallogeny of the western United States relevant to the mineral exploration and mining community across the Great Basin. One outgrowth of the Geological Society of Nevada&rsquo;s 2015 Symposium is a two-volume set, edited by W.M. Pennell and L.J. Garside, entitled&nbsp;</span><i>New Concepts and Discoveries</i><span>. The symposium was held in Sparks, Nevada, May 14&ndash;23, 2015, with more than 1,000 attendees, 59 talks in 10 thematic sessions, 7 field trips, and 10 short courses, all focused on serving the geologic, exploration, and mining community. The attractively produced, hardbound, two-volume set includes a CD-ROM containing all the manuscripts as well as numerous abstracts from presentations arranged by the thematic session in which they were presented. The papers range from detailed case study descriptions of individual deposits to important syntheses covering the geologic evolution and resulting metallogeny of the Great Basin and beyond.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.2.543","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., 2016, Book review: New concepts and discoveries: the Geological Society of Nevada 2015 Symposium Proceedings: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 2, p. 543-546, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.2.543.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070383","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577642aee4b07dd077c873f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170569,"text":"70170569 - 2016 - One thousand years of fires: Integrating proxy and model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T21:13:58.236532","indexId":"70170569","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5093,"text":"Frontiers of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One thousand years of fires: Integrating proxy and model data","docAbstract":"<p>The current fires raging across Indonesia are emitting more carbon than the annual fossil fuel emissions of Germany or Japan, and the fires are still consuming vast tracts of rainforest and peatlands. The National Interagency Fire Center (www.nifc.gov) notes that 2015 is one worst fire years on record in the U.S., where more than 9 million acres burned -- equivalent to the combined size of Massachusetts and New Jersey. The U.S. and Indonesian fires have already displaced tens of thousands of people, and their impacts on ecosystems are still unclear. In the case of Indonesia, the burning peat is destroying much of the existing soil, with unknown implications for the type of vegetation regrowth. Such large fires result from a combination of fire management practices, increasing anthropogenic land use, and a changing climate.</p>\n<p>The expected increase in fire activity in the upcoming decades has led to a surge in research trying to understand their causes, the factors that may have influenced similar times of fire activity in the past, and the implications of such fire activity in the future. Multiple types of complementary data provide information on the impacts of current fires and the extent of past fires. The wide array of data encompasses different spatial and temporal resolutions (Figure 1) and includes fire proxy information such as charcoal and tree ring fire scars, observational records, satellite products, modern emissions data, fire models within global land cover and vegetation models, and sociodemographic data for modeling past human land use and ignition frequency. Any single data type is more powerful when combined with another source of information. Merging model and proxy data enables analyses of how fire activity modifies vegetation distribution, air and water quality, and proximity to cities; these analyses in turn support land management decisions relating to conservation and development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.21425/F5FBG29606","usgsCitation":"Kehrwald, N.M., Aleman, J.C., Coughlan, M., Courtney Mustaphi, C.J., Githumbi, E.N., Magi, B.I., Marlon, J.R., and Power, M.J., 2016, One thousand years of fires: Integrating proxy and model data: Frontiers of Biogeography, v. 8, no. 1, e29606; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG29606.","productDescription":"e29606; 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071529","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg29606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6546e4b07657d1a11e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kehrwald, Natalie M. 0000-0002-9160-2239 nkehrwald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2239","contributorId":168918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehrwald","given":"Natalie","email":"nkehrwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleman, Julie C.","contributorId":168919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aleman","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25389,"text":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coughlan, Michael","contributorId":168920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coughlan","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25390,"text":"Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Courtney Mustaphi, Colin J.","contributorId":168921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtney Mustaphi","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25391,"text":"York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Githumbi, Esther N.","contributorId":168922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Githumbi","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":25391,"text":"York Institute for Tropical Ecosystems, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Magi, Brian I.","contributorId":168923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magi","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":25392,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marlon, Jennifer R.","contributorId":23432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Power, Mitchell J.","contributorId":79032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"Mitchell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70191110,"text":"70191110 - 2016 - Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand-bed stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:12:24","indexId":"70191110","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand-bed stream","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantifying flow of groundwater through streambeds often is difficult due to the complexity of aquifer-scale heterogeneity combined with local-scale hyporheic exchange. We used fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS), seepage meters, and vertical temperature profiling to locate, quantify, and monitor areas of focused groundwater discharge in a geomorphically simple sand-bed stream. This combined approach allowed us to rapidly focus efforts at locations where prodigious amounts of groundwater discharged to the Quashnet River on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, northeastern USA. FO-DTS detected numerous anomalously cold reaches one to several m long that persisted over two summers. Seepage meters positioned upstream, within, and downstream of 7 anomalously cold reaches indicated that rapid groundwater discharge occurred precisely where the bed was cold; median upward seepage was nearly 5 times faster than seepage measured in streambed areas not identified as cold. Vertical temperature profilers deployed next to 8 seepage meters provided diurnal-signal-based seepage estimates that compared remarkably well with seepage-meter values. Regression slope and R</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values both were near 1 for seepage ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 m d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Temperature-based seepage model accuracy was improved with thermal diffusivity determined locally from diurnal signals. Similar calculations provided values for streambed sediment scour and deposition at subdaily resolution. Seepage was strongly heterogeneous even along a sand-bed river that flows over a relatively uniform sand and fine-gravel aquifer. FO-DTS was an efficient method for detecting areas of rapid groundwater discharge, even in a strongly gaining river, that can then be quantified over time with inexpensive streambed thermal methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016WR018808","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Briggs, M.A., Delin, G.N., and Hare, D.K., 2016, Combined use of thermal methods and seepage meters to efficiently locate, quantify, and monitor focused groundwater discharge to a sand-bed stream: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 6, p. 4486-4503, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018808.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4486","endPage":"4503","ipdsId":"IP-074377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr018808","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.5154037475586,\n              41.58810068130451\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.499267578125,\n              41.58810068130451\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.499267578125,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5154037475586,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5154037475586,\n              41.58810068130451\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59cb6732e4b017cf3141c697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hare, Danielle K.","contributorId":76222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168460,"text":"70168460 - 2016 - Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T12:29:34","indexId":"70168460","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explore the connection between US designated wilderness areas and wildlife with the goal of establishing a research agenda for better understanding this complex relationship. Our research agenda has two components. The first, &ldquo;wildlife for wilderness,&rdquo; considers the impact of wildlife on wilderness character. Whereas studies show that wildlife is important in both the perception and actual enhancement of wilderness character, the context and particulars of this relationship have not been evaluated. For instance, is knowing that a rare, native species is present in a wilderness area enough to increase perceptions of naturalness (an important wilderness quality)? Or does the public need to observe the species or its sign (e.g., tracks) for this benefit? The second part of our research agenda, &ldquo;wilderness for wildlife,&rdquo; considers the types of research needed to understand the impact of wilderness areas on wildlife and biodiversity conservation. Several studies show the effect of one area being designated wilderness on one wildlife species. Yet, there has been no research that examines how the networks of wilderness areas in the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) are used by a species or a community of species. Furthermore, we found no studies that focused on how the NWPS affects ecological or trophic interactions among species. We hope that by providing a research agenda, we can spur multiple lines of research on the topic of wildlife and wilderness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","doi":"10.5849/jof.15-070","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M.K., Hahn, B., and Hossack, B.R., 2016, Where the wild things are: A research agenda for studying wildlife-wilderness relationship: Journal of Forestry, v. 114, no. 3, p. 311-319, https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"319","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065898","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/jof.15-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Michael K.","contributorId":102326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, Beth","contributorId":166928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hahn","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24574,"text":"National Park Service—Wilderness Stewardship Division, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 E. Beckwith Ave., Missoula, MT 59801","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188788,"text":"70188788 - 2016 - Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T15:37:06","indexId":"70188788","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stratigraphic, sedimentologic (including CT 3D X-ray tomography scans), foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses show that at least six of seven abrupt peat-to-mud contacts in cores from a tidal marsh at Talbot Creek (South Slough, Coos Bay), record sudden subsidence (relative sea-level rise) during great megathrust earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Data for one contact are insufficient to infer whether or not it records a great earthquake—it may also have formed through local, non-seismic, hydrographic processes. To estimate the amount of subsidence marked by each contact, we expanded a previous regional modern foraminiferal dataset to 174 samples from six Oregon estuaries. Using a transfer function derived from the new dataset, estimates of coseismic subsidence across the six earthquake contacts vary from 0.31&nbsp;m to 0.75&nbsp;m. Comparison of subsidence estimates for three contacts in adjacent cores shows within-site differences of ≤0.10&nbsp;m, about half the ±0.22&nbsp;m error, although some estimates may be minimums due to uncertain ecological preferences for </span><i>Balticammina pseudomacrescens</i><span> in brackish environments and almost monospecific assemblages of </span><i>Miliammina fusca</i><span> on tidal flats. We also account for the influence of taphonomic processes, such as infiltration of mud with mixed foraminiferal assemblages into peat, on subsidence estimates. Comparisons of our subsidence estimates with values for correlative contacts at other Oregon sites suggest that some of our estimates are minimums and that Cascadia's megathrust earthquake ruptures have been heterogeneous over the past 3500 years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017","usgsCitation":"Milker, Y., Nelson, A.R., Horton, B.P., Engelhart, S.E., Bradley, L., and Witter, R., 2016, Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 142, p. 143-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-074549","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1320593","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"142","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594e28b6e4b062508e3abe2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milker, Yvonne","contributorId":193405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milker","given":"Yvonne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":700371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann","contributorId":193406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70171379,"text":"70171379 - 2016 - <i>Yucca brevifolia</i> fruit production, predispersal seed predation, and fruit removal by rodents during two years of contrasting reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T12:22:58","indexId":"70171379","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-30T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Yucca brevifolia</i> fruit production, predispersal seed predation, and fruit removal by rodents during two years of contrasting reproduction","docAbstract":"<div id=\"sec-1\" class=\"subsection\">\n<p id=\"p-1\"><span>PREMISE OF THE STUDY:</span>&nbsp;The distribution of&nbsp;<i>Yucca brevifolia</i>, a keystone species of the Mojave Desert, may contract with climate change, yet reproduction and dispersal are poorly understood. We tracked reproduction, seed predation, and fruit dispersal for two years and discuss whether&nbsp;<i>Y. brevifolia</i>&nbsp;is a masting species.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"sec-2\" class=\"subsection\">\n<p id=\"p-2\"><span>METHODS:</span>&nbsp;Fruit maturation, seed predation (larval yucca moths), and fruit dispersal (rodents) were monitored on a random sample of panicles during 2013 and 2014, which were years of high and low reproduction, respectively. Fates of fruits placed on the ground and in canopies were also tracked. Rodents were live-trapped to assess abundance and species composition.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"sec-3\" class=\"subsection\">\n<p id=\"p-3\"><span>KEY RESULTS:</span>&nbsp;In 2013, 66% of inflorescences produced fruit of which 53% escaped larval predation; 19.5% of seeds were destroyed in infested fruits. Total seed production was estimated to be &gt;100 times greater in 2013 than 2014. One-third of the fruit crop fell to the ground and was removed by rodents over the course of 120 d. After ground fruits became scarce, rodents exploited canopy fruits. Rodent numbers were low in 2013, so fruits remained in canopies for 370 d. In 2014, fruit production was approximately 20% lower. Larvae infested the majority of fruits, and almost twice the number of seeds were damaged. Fruits were exploited by rodents within 65 d.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"sec-4\" class=\"subsection\">\n<p id=\"p-4\"><span>CONCLUSIONS:</span>&nbsp;High fertilization, prolific seed production, and low predispersal predation in 2013 suggests that pollinator attraction and satiation of seed predators influence masting in&nbsp;<i>Y. brevifolia</i>. Abundant, prolonged fruit availability to seed-dispersing rodents likely extends recruitment opportunities during mast years.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1500516","usgsCitation":"Borchert, M.I., and DeFalco, L., 2016, <i>Yucca brevifolia</i> fruit production, predispersal seed predation, and fruit removal by rodents during two years of contrasting reproduction: American Journal of Botany, v. 103, no. 5, p. 830-836, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500516.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"830","endPage":"836","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062955","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500516","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d5631e4b07e28b667f6f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchert, Mark I.","contributorId":169708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchert","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":25573,"text":"San Bernardino National Forest, Fownskin, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley ldefalco@usgs.gov","contributorId":139012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173802,"text":"70173802 - 2016 - Physiological comparisons of plasma and tissue metrics of selected inland and coastal steelhead kelts.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-10T11:25:00","indexId":"70173802","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-28T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological comparisons of plasma and tissue metrics of selected inland and coastal steelhead kelts.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The physiological status of migrating steelhead kelts (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) from the Situk River, Alaska, and two tributaries of the Clearwater River, Idaho, was evaluated to explore potential differences in post-spawning survival related to energy reserves. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for metrics related to nutritional and osmotic status, and samples of white muscle tissue collected from recent mortalities at weirs were analyzed for proximate constituents. Female kelts from the Situk River had significantly higher plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and calcium concentrations, all of which suggested higher lipid and energy stores. Additional support for energy limitation in kelts was provided by evaluating the presence of detectable proteins in the plasma. Most all kelts sampled from the Situk River populations had detectable plasma proteins, in contrast to kelts sampled from the Clearwater River tributary populations where 27&nbsp;% of kelts from one tributary, and 68&nbsp;% of the second tributary were below the limits of detection. We found proximate constituents of kelt mortalities were similar between the Situk and Clearwater River populations, and the lipid fraction of white muscle averaged 0.1 and 0.2&nbsp;%. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that energetic limitations likely affect post-spawn survival in the Clearwater River kelts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-016-0493-x","usgsCitation":"Penney, Z.L., Moffitt, C.M., Jones, B., and Marston, B., 2016, Physiological comparisons of plasma and tissue metrics of selected inland and coastal steelhead kelts.: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 99, no. 5, p. 487-498, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-016-0493-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"498","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056468","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Bryan","contributorId":171717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Bryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marston, Brian","contributorId":171718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marston","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171361,"text":"70171361 - 2016 - Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:33:30","indexId":"70171361","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","docAbstract":"<p>A large nation-wide survey of cyanotoxins (1161 lakes) in the United States (U.S.) was conducted during the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007. Cyanotoxin data were compared with cyanobacteria abundance- and chlorophyll-based World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds and mouse toxicity data to evaluate potential recreational risks. Cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were detected (ELISA) in 4.0, 32, and 7.7% of samples with mean concentrations of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 mg/L, respectively (detections only). Co-occurrence of the three cyanotoxin classes was rare (0.32%) when at least one toxin was detected. Cyanobacteria were present and dominant in 98 and 76% of samples, respectively. Potential anatoxin-, cylindrospermopsin-, microcystin-, and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria occurred in 81, 67, 95, and 79% of samples, respectively. Anatoxin-a and nodularin-R were detected (LC/MS/MS) in 15 and 3.7% samples (n = 27). The WHO moderate and high risk thresholds for microcystins, cyanobacteria abundance, and total chlorophyll were exceeded in 1.1, 27, and 44% of samples, respectively. Complete agreement by all three WHO microcystin metrics occurred in 27% of samples. This suggests that WHO microcystin metrics based on total chlorophyll and cyanobacterial abundance can overestimate microcystin risk when compared to WHO microcystin thresholds. The lack of parity among the WHO thresholds was expected since chlorophyll is common amongst all phytoplankton and not all cyanobacteria produce microcystins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.001","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Graham, J., Elizabeth Hilborn, Lehmann, S., Meyer, M.T., Dietze, J.E., and Griffith, C., 2016, Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007: Harmful Algae, v. 56, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066418","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":150737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elizabeth Hilborn","contributorId":169685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elizabeth Hilborn","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehmann, Sarah","contributorId":169686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dietze, Julie E. 0000-0002-5936-5739 juliec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5739","contributorId":3939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"Julie","email":"juliec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Griffith, Christopher cgriffith@usgs.gov","contributorId":169687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgriffith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70171127,"text":"70171127 - 2016 - Diet and macronutrient optimization in wild ursids: A comparison of grizzly bears with sympatric and allopatric black bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T11:29:58","indexId":"70171127","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet and macronutrient optimization in wild ursids: A comparison of grizzly bears with sympatric and allopatric black bears","docAbstract":"<p><span>When fed ad libitum, ursids can maximize mass gain by selecting mixed diets wherein protein provides 17 &plusmn; 4% of digestible energy, relative to carbohydrates or lipids. In the wild, this ability is likely constrained by seasonal food availability, limits of intake rate as body size increases, and competition. By visiting locations of 37 individuals during 274 bear-days, we documented foods consumed by grizzly (</span><i>Ursus arctos</i><span>) and black bears (</span><i>Ursus americanus</i><span>) in Grand Teton National Park during 2004&ndash;2006. Based on published nutritional data, we estimated foods and macronutrients as percentages of daily energy intake. Using principal components and cluster analyses, we identified 14 daily diet types. Only 4 diets, accounting for 21% of days, provided protein levels within the optimal range. Nine diets (75% of days) led to over-consumption of protein, and 1 diet (3% of days) led to under-consumption. Highest protein levels were associated with animal matter (i.e., insects, vertebrates), which accounted for 46&ndash;47% of daily energy for both species. As predicted: 1) daily diets dominated by high-energy vertebrates were positively associated with grizzly bears and mean percent protein intake was positively associated with body mass; 2) diets dominated by low-protein fruits were positively associated with smaller-bodied black bears; and 3) mean protein was highest during spring, when high-energy plant foods were scarce, however it was also higher than optimal during summer and fall. Contrary to our prediction: 4) allopatric black bears did not exhibit food selection for high-energy foods similar to grizzly bears. Although optimal gain of body mass was typically constrained, bears usually opted for the energetically superior trade-off of consuming high-energy, high-protein foods. Given protein digestion efficiency similar to obligate carnivores, this choice likely supported mass gain, consistent with studies showing monthly increases in percent body fat among bears in this region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0153702","usgsCitation":"Costello, C., Cain, S.L., Pils, S.R., Frattaroli, L., Haroldson, M.A., and van Manen, F.T., 2016, Diet and macronutrient optimization in wild ursids: A comparison of grizzly bears with sympatric and allopatric black bears: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 5, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153702.","productDescription":"e0153702; 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070131","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.79437255859375,\n              43.63706904996992\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.90310668945312,\n              43.65594991256823\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.52520751953125,\n              44.36313311380771\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05529785156249,\n              44.228472525527614\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05117797851562,\n              44.19205137735955\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.79437255859375,\n              43.63706904996992\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57441b9ce4b07e28b660daba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costello, Cecily M.","contributorId":145510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Costello","given":"Cecily M.","affiliations":[{"id":5117,"text":"University of Montana, College of Forestry and Conservation, University Hall, Room 309, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Steven L.","contributorId":145511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cain","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16139,"text":"National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, Moose, Wyoming 83012, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pils, Shannon R","contributorId":167609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pils","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":24778,"text":"US Forest Service, Shoshone National Forest, Wapiti Ranger District, 203A Yellowstone Avenue, Cody, WY 82414,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frattaroli, Leslie","contributorId":169550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frattaroli","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5124,"text":"Grand Teton National Park, P.O. Box 170, Moose, WY 83012","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70171105,"text":"70171105 - 2016 - A possible transoceanic tsunami directed toward the U.S. west coast from the Semidi segment, Alaska convergent margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:47:45","indexId":"70171105","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-20T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A possible transoceanic tsunami directed toward the U.S. west coast from the Semidi segment, Alaska convergent margin","docAbstract":"<p>The Semidi segment of the Alaska convergent margin appears capable of generating a giant tsunami like the one produced along the nearby Unimak segment in 1946. Reprocessed legacy seismic reflection data and a compilation of multibeam bathymetric surveys reveal structures that could generate such a tsunami. A 200 km long ridge or escarpment with crests &gt;1 km high is the surface expression of an active out-of-sequence fault zone, recently referred to as a splay fault. Such faults are potentially tsunamigenic. This type of fault zone separates the relatively rigid rock of the margin framework from the anelastic accreted sediment prism. Seafloor relief of the ridge exceeds that of similar age accretionary prism ridges indicating preferential slip along the splay fault zone. The greater slip may derive from Quaternary subduction of the Patton Murray hot spot ridge that extends 200 km toward the east across the north Pacific. Estimates of tsunami repeat times from paleotsunami studies indicate that the Semidi segment could be near the end of its current inter-seismic cycle. GPS records from Chirikof Island at the shelf edge indicate 90% locking of plate interface faults. An earthquake in the shallow Semidi subduction zone could generate a tsunami that will inundate the US west coast more than the 1946 and 1964 earthquakes because the Semidi continental slope azimuth directs a tsunami southeastward.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015GC006147","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., Miller, J.J., and Dartnell, P., 2016, A possible transoceanic tsunami directed toward the U.S. west coast from the Semidi segment, Alaska convergent margin: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 17, no. 3, p. 645-659, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006147.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"659","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066716","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gc006147","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5740271ae4b07e28b65dcfcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171081,"text":"70171081 - 2016 - Storm-event-transport of urban-use pesticides to streams likely impairs invertebrate assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:55:19","indexId":"70171081","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm-event-transport of urban-use pesticides to streams likely impairs invertebrate assemblages","docAbstract":"<p><span>Insecticide use in urban areas results in the detection of these compounds in streams following stormwater runoff at concentrations likely to cause toxicity for stream invertebrates. In this 2013 study, stormwater runoff and streambed sediments were analyzed for 91 pesticides dissolved in water and 118 pesticides on sediment. Detections included 33 pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, degradates, and a synergist. Patterns in pesticide occurrence reveal transport of dissolved and sediment-bound pesticides, including pyrethroids, from upland areas through stormwater outfalls to receiving streams. Nearly all streams contained at least one insecticide at levels exceeding an aquatic-life benchmark, most often for bifenthrin and (or) fipronil. Multiple U.S. EPA benchmark or criterion exceedances occurred in 40&nbsp;% of urban streams sampled. Bed sediment concentrations of bifenthrin were highly correlated (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>&thinsp;&lt;&thinsp;0.001) with benthic invertebrate assemblages. Non-insects and tolerant invertebrates such as amphipods, flatworms, nematodes, and oligochaetes dominated streams with relatively high concentrations of bifenthrin in bed sediments, whereas insects, sensitive invertebrates, and mayflies were much more abundant at sites with no or low bifenthrin concentrations. The abundance of sensitive invertebrates, % EPT, and select mayfly taxa were strongly negatively correlated with organic-carbon normalized bifenthrin concentrations in streambed sediments. Our findings from western Clackamas County, Oregon (USA), expand upon previous research demonstrating the transport of pesticides from urban landscapes and linking impaired benthic invertebrate assemblages in urban streams with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-016-5215-5","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K.D., Kuivila, K., Hladik, M., Haluska, T., and Cole, M.B., 2016, Storm-event-transport of urban-use pesticides to streams likely impairs invertebrate assemblages: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 188, art345: 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5215-5.","productDescription":"art345: 18 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063257","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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,{"id":70171437,"text":"70171437 - 2016 - Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:09:56","indexId":"70171437","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-19T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating rates of magma supply to the world's volcanoes remains one of the most fundamental aims of volcanology. Yet, supply rates can be difficult to estimate even at well-monitored volcanoes, in part because observations are noisy and are usually considered independently rather than as part of a holistic system. In this work we demonstrate a technique for probabilistically estimating time-variable rates of magma supply to a volcano through probabilistic constraint on storage and eruption rates. This approach utilizes Bayesian joint inversion of diverse datasets using predictions from a multiphysical volcano model, and independent prior information derived from previous geophysical, geochemical, and geological studies. The solution to the inverse problem takes the form of a probability density function which takes into account uncertainties in observations and prior information, and which we sample using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Applying the technique to Kīlauea Volcano, we develop a model which relates magma flow rates with deformation of the volcano's surface, sulfur dioxide emission rates, lava flow field volumes, and composition of the volcano's basaltic magma. This model accounts for effects and processes mostly neglected in previous supply rate estimates at Kīlauea, including magma compressibility, loss of sulfur to the hydrothermal system, and potential magma storage in the volcano's deep rift zones. We jointly invert data and prior information to estimate rates of supply, storage, and eruption during three recent quasi-steady-state periods at the volcano. Results shed new light on the time-variability of magma supply to Kīlauea, which we find to have increased by 35&ndash;100% between 2001 and 2006 (from 0.11&ndash;0.17 to 0.18&ndash;0.28 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr), before subsequently decreasing to 0.08&ndash;0.12 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr by 2012. Changes in supply rate directly impact hazard at the volcano, and were largely responsible for an increase in eruption rate of 60&ndash;150% between 2001 and 2006, and subsequent decline by as much as 60% by 2012. We also demonstrate the occurrence of temporal changes in the proportion of Kīlauea's magma supply that is stored versus erupted, with the supply &ldquo;surge&rdquo; in 2006 associated with increased accumulation of magma at the summit. Finally, we are able to place some constraints on sulfur concentrations in Kīlauea magma and the scrubbing of sulfur by the volcano's hydrothermal system. Multiphysical, Bayesian constraint on magma flow rates may be used to monitor evolving volcanic hazard not just at Kīlauea but at other volcanoes around the world.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029","usgsCitation":"Anderson, K.R., and Poland, M.P., 2016, Bayesian estimation of magma supply, storage, and eruption rates using a multiphysical volcano model: Kīlauea Volcano, 2000–2012: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 447, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071533","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              19.374636239520235\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              19.44652177370614\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21896362304688,\n              19.44652177370614\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.21896362304688,\n              19.374636239520235\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              19.374636239520235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"447","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500734e4b0ee97d51bb3c8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.029","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Anderson Kyle R., Poland Michael P.","journalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","publicationDate":"8/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170997,"text":"70170997 - 2016 - Nitrosation and nitration of fulvic acid, peat and coal with nitric acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T10:47:46","indexId":"70170997","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-17T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrosation and nitration of fulvic acid, peat and coal with nitric acid","docAbstract":"<p>Nitrohumic acids, produced from base extraction of coals and peats oxidized with nitric acid, have received considerable attention as soil ammendments in agriculture. The nitration chemistry however is incompletely understood. Moreover, there is a need to understand the reaction of nitric acid with natural organic matter (NOM) in general, in the context of a variety of environmental and biogeochemical processes. Suwannee River NOM, Suwannee River fulvic acid, and Pahokee Peat fulvic acid were treated with <sup>15</sup>N-labeled nitric acid at concentrations ranging from 15% to 22% and analyzed by liquid and solid state <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectroscopy. Bulk Pahokee peat and Illinois #6 coal were also treated with nitric acid, at 29% and 40% respectively, and analyzed by solid state <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectroscopy. In addition to nitro groups from nitration of aromatic carbon, the <sup>15</sup>N NMR spectra of all five samples exhibited peaks attributable to nitrosation reactions. These include nitrosophenol peaks in the peat fulvic acid and Suwannee River samples, from nitrosation of phenolic rings, and N-nitroso groups in the peat samples, from nitrosation of secondary amides or amines, the latter consistent with the peat samples having the highest naturally abundant nitrogen contents. Peaks attributable to Beckmann and secondary reactions of the initially formed oximes were present in all spectra, including primary amide, secondary amide, lactam, and nitrile nitrogens. The degree of secondary reaction product formation resulting from nitrosation reactions appeared to correlate inversely with the <sup>13</sup>C aromaticities of the samples. The nitrosation reactions are most plausibly effected by nitrous acid formed from the reduction of nitric acid by oxidizable substrates in the NOM and coal samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0154981","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Cox, L.G., 2016, Nitrosation and nitration of fulvic acid, peat and coal with nitric acid: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 5, e0154981: 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154981.","productDescription":"e0154981: 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066627","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573ee3d2e4b04a3a6a24ad3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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