{"pageNumber":"124","pageRowStart":"3075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":70020795,"text":"70020795 - 1998 - Impact of alternative regeneration methods on genetic diversity in coastal Douglas-fir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:25:57","indexId":"70020795","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of alternative regeneration methods on genetic diversity in coastal Douglas-fir","docAbstract":"<p>Genetic implications of natural and artificial regeneration following three regeneration methods (group selection, shelterwood, and clearcut) were investigated in coastal Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> var. <i>menziesii</i> [Mirb.] Franco) using genetic markers (17 allozyme loci). In general, harvesting followed by either natural or artificial regeneration resulted in offspring populations little altered from those in the previous generation. Cutting the smallest trees to form shelterwoods, however, resulted in the removal of rare, presumably deleterious, alleles, such that slightly fewer alleles per locus were observed among residual trees (2.76) and natural regeneration (2.75) than found in uncut (control) stands (2.86). Thus, although the shelterwood regime appears quite compatible with gene conservation, it would be best to leave parent trees of a range of sizes in shelterwoods designated as gene conservation reserves, in order to maximize the number of alleles (regardless of current adaptive value) in naturally regenerated offspring. Seedling stocks used for artificial regeneration in clearcut, shelterwood, and group selection stands (7 total) had significantly greater levels of genetic diversity, on average, than found in natural regeneration. This is probably because the seeds used in artificial seedling stocks came from many wild stands and thus, sampled more diversity than found in single populations. For. Sci. 44(3): 390-396.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Zuo, J., Shimizu, J., and Tappeiner, J., 1998, Impact of alternative regeneration methods on genetic diversity in coastal Douglas-fir: Forest Science, v. 44, no. 3, p. 390-396.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b2e4b0c8380cd61669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.T.","contributorId":67687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zuo, J.","contributorId":98069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimizu, J.Y.","contributorId":48346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimizu","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C.","contributorId":39751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020446,"text":"70020446 - 1998 - Regional and local hydrogeology of calcareous fens in the Minnesota river basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:32:56","indexId":"70020446","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional and local hydrogeology of calcareous fens in the Minnesota river basin, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Six calcareous fens in the Minnesota River Basin, USA are in regional hydrogeologic settings with large discharges of calcareous ground water. These settings juxtapose topographically high areas of ground-water recharge with fens in lower areas of discharge, thus creating steep upward hydraulic gradients at the fens. Coarse glacial deposits with high permeability connect recharge areas to discharge areas and transmit large amounts of ground water to the fens. Calcareous fens in the Minnesota River Basin are associated with two regional landforms, river terraces and glacial moraines. The calcareous drift is the likely source of carbonate for the fens; carbonate bedrock is not required. Five of the calcareous fens form peat aprons over broad areas of diffuse ground-water discharge on river terraces. One of the calcareous fens is a peat dome over an aquifer window, a relatively small area (about 15-m radius) of localized ground-water discharge through a breach in the clayey confining layer of the underlying aquifer. Carbonate content of calcareous fen peat averaged about 27% (calcium carbonate equivalent, dry weight basis) in the surface layer, which commonly overlies a carbonate-depleted zone with a carbonate content of 10% or less. Hydraulic conductivity (K) of calcareous fen peat determined from slug tests ranged from 2.7&times;10</span><sup><span>&minus;7</span></sup><span>&nbsp;to 9.8&times;10</span><sup><span>&minus;5</span></sup><span>&nbsp;m s</span><sup><span>&minus;1</span></sup><span>&nbsp;and had a geometric mean of 3.8&times;10</span><sup><span>&minus;6</span></sup><span>&nbsp;m s</span><sup><span>&minus;1</span></sup><span>. These values likely underestimate the true horizontal hydraulic conductivity (K</span><sub><span>h</span></sub><span>) and overestimate the true vertical hydraulic conductivity (K</span><sub><span>v</span></sub><span>) because of errors in assumptions commonly used in slug-test analyses. Median (over time) hydraulic heads in wells screened below the base of the peat ranged from about 25 to 69 cm above the peat surface. Upward vertical gradients (dimensionless) through the peat ranged from 0.040 to 0.209. Vertical ground-water discharge was calculated by Darey&rsquo;s Law and ranged from 2 to 172 L m</span><sup><span>&minus;2</span></sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup><span>&minus;1</span></sup><span>. Because of bias in estimating K</span><sub><span>v</span></sub><span>, these values likely overestimate the true vertical ground-water discharge and indicate the importance of better field methods to estimate K, especially K</span><sub><span>v</span></sub><span>. Calcareous fens may need water tables sustained near the peat surface by large vertical ground-water discharges to allow carbonate precipitation, which is associated with the rare fen vegetation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03161655","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Almendinger, J., and Leete, J., 1998, Regional and local hydrogeology of calcareous fens in the Minnesota river basin, USA: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 184-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161655.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":93870,"text":"93870 - 1998 - Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:59:46","indexId":"93870","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the <a href=\"http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/index.htm#bibsearch\" target=\"_blank\">Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography</a> on the home page of this resource.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of management practices on grassland birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93870","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Nenneman, M., and Euliss, B., 1998, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Marbled Godwit (Revised 2001), 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93870.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93870.PNG"},{"id":311619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93870/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Revised 2001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nenneman, Melvin P.","contributorId":60572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nenneman","given":"Melvin P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019725,"text":"70019725 - 1998 - Trace element abundances of high-MgO glasses from Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Haleakala volcanoes, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T18:14:40.897507","indexId":"70019725","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element abundances of high-MgO glasses from Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Haleakala volcanoes, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We performed an ion-microprobe study of eleven high-MgO (6.7-14.8 wt%) tholeiite glasses from the Hawaiian volcanoes Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Haleakala. We determined the rare earth (RE), high field strength, and other selected trace element abundances of these glasses, and used the data to establish their relationship to typical Hawaiian shield tholeiite and to infer characteristics of their source. The glasses have trace element abundance characteristics generally similar to those of typical shield tholeiites, e.g. L(light)REE/H(heavy)REE(C1) > 1. The Kilauea and Mauna Loa glasses, however, display trace and major element characteristics that cross geochemical discriminants observed between Kilauea and Mauna Loa shield lavas. The glasses contain a blend of these discriminating chemical characteristics, and are not exactly like the typical shield lavas from either volcano. The production of these hybrid magmas likely requires a complexly zoned source, rather than two unique sources. When corrected for olivine fractionation, the glass data show correlations between CaO concentration and incompatible trace element abundances, indicating that CaO may behave incompatibly during melting of the tholeiite source. Furthermore, the tholeiite source must contain residual garnet and clinopyroxene to account for the variation in trace element abundances of the Kilauea glasses. Inversion modeling indicates that the Kilauea source is flat relative to C1 chondrites, and has a higher bulk distribution coefficient for the HREE than the LREE.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004100050375","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., Clague, D.A., Hauri, E., and Grove, T., 1998, Trace element abundances of high-MgO glasses from Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Haleakala volcanoes, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 131, no. 1, p. 13-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050375.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano, Mauna Loa volcano, Haleakala volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.26815795898438,\n              20.594223204225184\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.03195190429688,\n              20.594223204225184\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.03195190429688,\n              20.78564668820214\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26815795898438,\n              20.78564668820214\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26815795898438,\n              20.594223204225184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.32745361328125,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.15579223632812,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.15579223632812,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.32745361328125,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.32745361328125,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb632e4b08c986b326b06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, T.P.","contributorId":29143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauri, E.H.","contributorId":66009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauri","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020469,"text":"70020469 - 1998 - A king-sized theropod coprolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020469","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A king-sized theropod coprolite","docAbstract":"Fossil faeces (coprolites) provide unique trophic perspectives on ancient ecosystems. Yet, although thousands of coprolites have been discovered, specimens that can be unequivocally attributed to carnivorous dinosaurs are almost unknown. A few fossil faeces have been ascribed to herbivorous dinosaurs, but it is more difficult to identify coprolites produced by theropods because other carnivorous taxa coexisted with dinosaurs and most faeces are taxonomically ambiguous. Thus sizeable (up to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide) phosphatic coprolites from Belgium and India that have been attributed to dinosaurs might have been produced by contemporaneous crocodylians or fish. But there is no ambiguity about the theropod origin of the Cretaceous coprolite we report here. This specimen is more than twice as large as any previously reported carnivore coprolite, and its great size and temporal and geographic context indicate that it was produced by a tyrannosaur, most likely Tyrannosaurus rex. The specimen contains a high proportion (30-50%) of bone fragments, an it rare tangible evidence of theropod diet and digestive processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/31461","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Chin, K., Tokaryk, T., Erickson, G., and Calk, L.C., 1998, A king-sized theropod coprolite: Nature, v. 393, no. 6686, p. 680-682, https://doi.org/10.1038/31461.","startPage":"680","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31461"},{"id":231141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"393","issue":"6686","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42de4b0c8380cd46480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, K.","contributorId":58418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tokaryk, T.T.","contributorId":63986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokaryk","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, G.M.","contributorId":11376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calk, L. C.","contributorId":54261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":81446,"text":"81446 - 1998 - Habitat change in a perched dune system along Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:01:07","indexId":"81446","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Habitat change in a perched dune system along Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Episodes of habitat change, driven by changes in levels of the Great Lakes, must be considered when assessing human effects upon coastal vegetation and rare species.  Paleoecological studies, baseline inventories, and long-term monitoring programs within the Grand Sable Dunes, a perched-dune system along Lake Superior, provide a window on vegetation change at different spatial and temporal scales and also provide an illustrative case study.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, vol. 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Loope, W.L., and McEachern, A.K., 1998, Habitat change in a perched dune system along Lake Superior, chap. <i>of</i> Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, vol. 1, v. 1, p. 227-229.","productDescription":"p. 227-229","startPage":"227","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf77","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504106,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504109,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEachern, A. Kathryn","contributorId":30165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020252,"text":"70020252 - 1998 - Real-time monitoring of bluff stability at Woodway, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70020252","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Real-time monitoring of bluff stability at Woodway, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"On January 15, 1997, a landslide of approximately 100,000-m3 from a coastal bluff swept five cars of a freight train into Puget Sound at Woodway, Washington, USA, 25 km north of downtown Seattle. The landslide resulted from failure of a sequence of dense sands and hard silts of glacial and non-glacial origin, including the Lawton Clay, a hard, jointed clayey silt that rarely fails in natural slopes. Joints controlled ground-water seepage through the silt and break-up of the landslide mass. During September of 1997, the US Geological Survey began measuring rainfall, ground-water pressures, and slope movement at the bluff where the landslide occurred. Data are collected every 15 minutes and updated hourly on the World-Wide-Web. Pore pressures observed from September 1997 to February 1998 generally were low and pressures near the bluff face, in the upper few meters of the hard clayey silt, increased gradually.","largerWorkTitle":"The geotechnics of hard soils - soft rocks. Proceedings of the second international symopsium on hard soils-soft rocks, Naples, October 1998. (Two volumes).","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the second international symposium on hard soils-soft rocks 1998.","conferenceDate":"12 October 2098 through 14 October 2098","conferenceLocation":"Naples","language":"English","publisherLocation":"A.A.Balkema","isbn":"9058090183","usgsCitation":"Baum, R., Harp, E.L., Likos, W., Powers, P.S., and LaHusen, R., 1998, Real-time monitoring of bluff stability at Woodway, Washington, USA, <i>in</i> The geotechnics of hard soils - soft rocks. Proceedings of the second international symopsium on hard soils-soft rocks, Naples, October 1998. (Two volumes)., Naples, 12 October 2098 through 14 October 2098, p. 1057-1065.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1065","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95a9e4b0c8380cd81b6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Evangelista A.Picarelli L.Evangelista A.Picarelli L.","contributorId":128405,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Evangelista A.Picarelli L.Evangelista A.Picarelli L.","id":536463,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Likos, W.J.","contributorId":102338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likos","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powers, P. S.","contributorId":37754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LaHusen, R.G.","contributorId":105742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70194246,"text":"70194246 - 1998 - Amphibians of the Fort Lewis Military Reservation, Washington: Sampling techniques and community patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:19:17","indexId":"70194246","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibians of the Fort Lewis Military Reservation, Washington: Sampling techniques and community patterns","docAbstract":"<p>The 27,000 ha Fort Lewis Military Reservation is situated in the Puget lowlands and contains a wide variety of aquatic habitats offering potential refuge for native amphibians. We surveyed amphibians on Fort Lewis from 1992 through 1995 to examine occupancy patterns relative to wetland characteristics. We documented 9 native amphibians and 1 introduced anuran (Rana catesbeiana) that represent 133 new locality records. We found no Rana pretiosa, but historic records suggest they were present earlier. Bufo boreas was rare. All other species appeared widespread and abundant. Native species richness was highest in temporary wetlands and in wetlands with extensive emergent vegetation. Richness was unrelated to wetland size, distance to nearest neighbor, and the presence of R. catesbeiana or exotic fish. Of four survey techniques used, funnel trapping yielded the most detections, but only visual encounter surveys detected every species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3536812","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., Bury, R.B., and Swarts, S.A., 1998, Amphibians of the Fort Lewis Military Reservation, Washington: Sampling techniques and community patterns: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 79, no. 1, p. 12-18, https://doi.org/10.2307/3536812.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Fort Lewis Military Reservation","volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612735e4b06e28e9c25ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":722824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarts, Scott A.","contributorId":31326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swarts","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162644,"text":"70162644 - 1998 - Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T11:54:26","indexId":"70162644","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper discusses the spatial distribution patterns of the various species of the Unionid mussels as functions of their respective life-cycle characteristics. Computer simulations identify two life-cycle characteristics as major factors governing the abundance of a species, namely the movement range of their fish hosts and the success rate of the parasitic larval glochidia in finding fish hosts. Core mussels species have fish hosts with large movement range to disperse the parasitic larval glochidia to achieve high levels of abundance. Species associated with fish host of limited movement range require high success rate of finding fish host to achieve at least an intermediate level of abundance. Species with low success rate of finding fish hosts coupled with fish hosts having limited movement range exhibit satellite species characteristics, namely rare in numbers and sparse in distributions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00609-X","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., DeAngelis, D., and Koh, H.L., 1998, Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis: Water Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 73-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00609-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cde4b07ca61bfea590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Hooi-Ling","contributorId":16618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Hooi-Ling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koh, Hock Lye","contributorId":119022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"Hock","email":"","middleInitial":"Lye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014831,"text":"1014831 - 1998 - Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-06T16:47:16.053872","indexId":"1014831","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood","docAbstract":"<p><span>Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>&nbsp;parr in New England, U.S.A. streams is rare (˜5%), but age-0 parr maturation was high (74%) by autumn in the Sawmill River following a massive, localized flood. Maturation was low in two other study streams (3, 7%) in the same year as the flood, and in the Sawmill River (6%) and the other rivers (5%) in the subsequent year, suggesting that high maturation rates were related to the flood. The high age-0 maturation rates appear to have been the result of greater growth opportunity following the flood. Masses of fish in October were two-fold greater in the Sawmill River (13·2 g) than in the other rivers (6·5, 6·9 g). Mechanisms contributing to the fast growth may include community reorganization following the flood and water temperature differences among rivers. The flood caused an age-0 year-class failure for brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;and brown trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>&nbsp;and a large reduction (69%) in the number of salmon compared to the other rivers, possibly reducing competition or agonistic interactions among remaining fish. Average water temperatures were slightly warmer in the Sawmill River (17·0° C) than in the other rivers (15·5, 14·9° C). By influencing community structure and growth of remaining fish, it appears that a strong environmental disturbance can also alter the direction and timing of life histories in Atlantic salmon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00245.x","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., and Terrick, T., 1998, Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1243-1252, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00245.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1252","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrick, T.D.","contributorId":24305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrick","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85387,"text":"85387 - 1998 - Amphibians of the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T14:01:00","indexId":"85387","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Amphibians of the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"<p>No cry of alarm has been sounded over the fate of amphibian populations in the northern grasslands of North America, yet huge percentages of prairie wetland habitat have been lost, and the destruction continues. Scarcely 30% of the original mixedgrass prairie remains in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota (See Table 1 in this chapter). If amphibian populations haven’t declined, why haven’t they? Or, have we simply failed to notice? </p><p>Amphibians in the northern grasslands evolved in a boom-or-bust environment: species that were unable to survive droughts lasting for years died out long before humans were around to count them. Species we find today are expert at seizing the rare, wet moment to rebuild their populations in preparation for the next dry season. When numbers can change so rapidly, who can say if a species is rare or common? A lot depends on when you look.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Euliss, N.H., Lannoo, M.J., and Mushet, D.M., 1998, Amphibians of the northern Great Plains, chap. <i>of</i> Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 450-451.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"451","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/sandt/Grasslnd.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686755","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, M. J.","contributorId":44492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504467,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, P.A.","contributorId":48521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504468,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, C. E.","contributorId":114075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504470,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, P.D.","contributorId":113343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lannoo, Michael J.","contributorId":46482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223314,"text":"5223314 - 1997 - The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T20:30:03","indexId":"5223314","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead","docAbstract":"Waterfowl on lateral lakes of the Coeur d'Alene River and on Lake Coeur d'Alene have been poisoned for many years by lead (Pb) from mining and smelting.  In 1992 we undertook a study in the area to determine the importance of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks (Aix sponsa) to Pb.  Digesta were removed from the intestines of wood ducks collected from contaminated and reference areas.  The average Pb concentration in digesta of wood ducks from the contaminated area was 32 ppm dry weight.  The sediment content was estimated to average less than 2% of the dry weight of the wood duck diet.  Lead concentrations in digesta were closely correlated with concentrations of acid-insoluble ash, Al, Ti and Fe in digesta, and these four variables are associated with sediment.  Samples containing low concentrations of these variables also had low concentrations of Pb.  These results suggest that most of the Pb in the digesta came from ingested sediment, rather than from plant material in the diet.  The importance of ingested sediment as a source of lead was unexpected, because wood ducks are surface feeders on aquatic plants and they rarely dabble beneath the surface or feed on the bottom.  However, it appears that sediment ingestion is sometimes the principal route of exposure to environmental contaminants that are not readily taken up by plants and invertebrates, and this route should be considered in risk assessments of waterfowl.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1018670626114","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Audet, D., 1997, The role of sediment ingestion in exposing wood ducks to lead: Ecotoxicology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 181-186, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018670626114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Audet, D.","contributorId":25660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Audet","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223379,"text":"5223379 - 1997 - Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223379","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","docAbstract":"Ecology has long been troubled by the controversy over how populations are regulated. Some ecologists focus on the role of environmental effects, whereas others argue that density-dependent feedback mechanisms are central.  The relative importance of both processes is still hotly debated, but clear examples of both processes acting in the same population are rare.  Keyfactor analysis (regression of population changes on possible causal factors) and time-series analysis are often used to investigate the presence of density dependence, but such approaches may be biased and provide no information on actual demographic rates.  Here we report on both density-dependent and density-independent effects in a murid rodent pest species, the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834), using statistical capture-recapture models.  Both effects occur simultaneously, but we also demonstrate that they do not affect all demographic rates in the same way. We have incorporated the obtained estimates of demographic rates in a population dynamics model  and show that the observed dynamics are affected by stabilizing nonlinear density-dependent components coupled with strong deterministic and stochastic seasonal components.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/38271","collaboration":"5104_Leirs.pdf","usgsCitation":"Leirs, H., Stenseth, N.C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Verhagen, R., and Verheyen, W., 1997, Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent: Nature, v. 389, no. 6647, p. 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1038/38271.","productDescription":"176-180","startPage":"176","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16054,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38271","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"389","issue":"6647","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leirs, H.","contributorId":86078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leirs","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenseth, N. C.","contributorId":7798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenseth","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verhagen, R.","contributorId":14548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verhagen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verheyen, W.","contributorId":101778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223836,"text":"5223836 - 1997 - Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:00:14","indexId":"5223836","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is incest common in gray wolf packs?","docAbstract":"<p>Wolf packs generally consist of a breeding pair and their maturing offspring that help provision and protect pack young. Because the reproductive tenure in wolves is often short, reproductively mature offspring might replace their parents, resulting in sibling or parent-offspring matings. To determine the extent of incestuous pairings, we measured relatedness based on variability in 20 microsatellite loci of mated pairs, parent-offspring pairs, and siblings in two populations of gray wolves. Our 16 sampled mated pairs had values of relatedness not overlapping those of known parent-offspring or sibling dyads, which is consistent with their being unrelated or distantly related. These results suggest that full siblings or a parent and its offspring rarely mate and that incest avoidance is an important constraint on gray wolf behavioral ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.E., Meier, T.J., Geffen, E., Mech, L.D., Burch, J.W., Adams, L., and Wayne, R.K., 1997, Is incest common in gray wolf packs?: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 384-391, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.4.384","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Deborah E. 0000-0002-8317-7762 deborahsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":5670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","email":"deborahsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geffen, Eli","contributorId":82969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geffen","given":"Eli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5223310,"text":"5223310 - 1997 - Estimation of population trajectories from count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:06:22.691721","indexId":"5223310","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of population trajectories from count data","docAbstract":"Monitoring of changes in animal population size is rarely possible through complete censuses; frequently, the only feasible means of monitoring changes in population size is to use counts of animals obtained by skilled observers as indices to abundance.  Analysis of changes in population size can be severely biased if factors related to the acquisition of data are not adequately controlled for.  In particular we identify two types of observer effects: these correspond to baseline differences in observer competence, and to changes through time in the ability of individual observers.  We present a family of models for count data in which the first of these observer effects is treated as a nuisance parameter.  Conditioning on totals of negative binomial counts yields a Dirichlet compound multinomial vector for each observer. Quasi-likelihood is used to estimate parameters related to population trajectory and other parameters of interest; model selection is carried out on the basis of Akaike's information criterion.  An example is presented using data on Wood thrush from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2533952","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1997, Estimation of population trajectories from count data: Biometrics, v. 53, no. 2, p. 488-497, https://doi.org/10.2307/2533952.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25997,"text":"wri974139 - 1997 - Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri974139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4139","title":"Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"Data from more than 850 sites were compiled and analyzed to document the occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region as part of the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Only those data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of regional networks between October 1985 and September 1996 (inclusive) were used in the analyses, and the data were examined to ensure analytical results are not biased toward sites at the same location or sites sampled multiple times during this period. Regional data are available for most of the Mid-Atlantic region but large spatial gaps in available data do exist. Nitrate was detected in nearly three-quarters of the samples for which it was analyzed, commonly at levels that suggest anthropogenic sources. Ten percent of samples contained nitrate at concentrations exceeding the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Pesticide compounds (including atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, simazine, and desethylatrazine, an atrazine degradate) were detected in about half of the samples for which they were analyzed, but rarely at concentrations exceeding established MCL?s. The most commonly detected pesticide compounds were desethylatrazine and atrazine. The occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region is related to land cover and rock type. Likely sources of nitrate and pesticides to ground water include agricultural and urban land-use practices; rock type affects the movement of these compounds into and through the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in the compiled data set are significantly higher in ground water in agricultural areas than in urban or forested areas, but concentrations in areas of row crops are statistically indistinguishable from those in areas of pastures. Detection frequencies of atrazine, desethylatrazine, and simazine are indistinguishable among urban areas, row crops, and pastures. Prometon was most commonly detected in ground water in urban areas. Ground-water samples from forested areas typically contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides. Concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides were significantly higher in samples from carbonate rocks than in those from any other rock type. Most areas of the Mid-Atlantic region that are underlain by carbonate rocks have been developed for agricultural or urban use and the solution channels that are typical of carbonate rocks allow for relatively rapid transport of surficial contaminants throughout the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in unconsolidated aquifers were among the lowest for all rock types, possibly because of denitrification in organic-rich subsoils and shallow sediments. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri974139","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., and Ferrari, M., 1997, Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4139, 8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974139.","productDescription":"8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-97-4139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21608,"text":"ofr97272 - 1997 - The Areal Extent of Continuous Type Gas Accumulations in Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Sandstones of the Appalachian Basin and the Environments Affected by Their Development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr97272","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-272","title":"The Areal Extent of Continuous Type Gas Accumulations in Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Sandstones of the Appalachian Basin and the Environments Affected by Their Development","docAbstract":"In order to best preserve and manage our energy and natural resources we must understand the relationships between these resources and the impacts of their development. To further this understanding the U.S. Geological Survey is studying unconventional continuous-type and, to a lesser extent, conventional oil and gas accumulations and the environmental impacts associated with their development. Continuous-type gas accumulations are generally characterized by low matrix permeabilities, large areal extents, and no distinct water contacts. This basin scale map shows the overall extent of these accumulations and the general land use types that may be impacted by their development.\r\n\r\nThe Appalachian Basin has the longest history of oil and gas exploration and production in the United States. Since Drake's Titusville discovery well was drilled in 1859, oil and gas has been continuously produced in the basin. While there is still a great deal of oil and gas production, new field discoveries are rare and relatively small. For most of the second half of the 20th century the Appalachian basin has been considered a mature petroleum province because most of the large plays have already been discovered and developed.\r\n\r\nOne exception to this trend is the Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Gas play which is being developed in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. This continuous-type gas play has been expanding since the early 1970's (see inset maps). In the 1980's economic incentives such as large increases in wellhead prices further stimulated continuous-type gas resource development.\r\n\r\nContinuous-type gas plays can be large in areal extent and in thickness. 'Sweetspots' (areas of greater prodcution) are hard to predict and generally associated with better than average permeabilities, and enhanced by natural fracture systems. With an overall success rate often approaching 90%, drilling most of the play with closely spaced wells is often the best way to maximize gas recovery.\r\n\r\nSome positive economic characteristics associated with the development of these continuous-type accumulations are high success rates, low drilling and development costs, and low water production, which results in low water disposal costs. Large areas within the Appalachian basin with good potential for this type of gas accumulation remain to be tested. Positive environmental characteristics include, a clean energy source, low water production, and relatively low surface impact.\r\n\r\nSome negative characteristics associated with these continuous -type accumulations are low individual well production rates and small well drainage area. Negative environmental characteristics are primarily related to the dense well spacing used to develop the resource to its full potential. Often negative environmental impacts such as surface disturbance can be greatly reduced. The number of well sites can be decreased by using a single centrally located surface location and associated facilities for several directionally or horizonatally drilled wells. This also minimizes the transportation infrastructure (access roads and pipelines) required to maintain the wells and deliver the gas. Visual impacts can be reduced by selecting well locations visible only over short distances.\r\n\r\nWhile the prospective area is large, potential decreases basin- ward and toward the northeast and southwest. These areas are represented by the lower potential plays 6727, 6730, and 6731.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey landuse and landcover data was derived from USGS 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 scale maps. This information was collected between the mid 1970s to mid 1980s. The land use and land cover data was mapped and coded using the Anderson classification system (Anderson, 1975) which is a hierarchical system of general (level 1) to more specific (level 2) characterization. Level 1 characterization was used for this map; the land use and land cover designations are displayed below in the Explanation.\r\n\r\nT","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr97272","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Wandrey, C., Ryder, R., Nuccio, V.F., and Aggen, K., 1997, The Areal Extent of Continuous Type Gas Accumulations in Lower Silurian Clinton Sands and Medina Group Sandstones of the Appalachian Basin and the Environments Affected by Their Development: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-272, Available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97272.","productDescription":"Available online","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11539,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wandrey, C. J.","contributorId":99578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandrey","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":184888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aggen, Kerry L.","contributorId":106749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggen","given":"Kerry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":32241,"text":"ofr97852 - 1997 - Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31876,"text":"ofr9552 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr9552","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":32241,"text":"ofr97852 - 1997 - Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","indexId":"ofr97852","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T11:50:17","indexId":"ofr97852","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-852","title":"Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Rifle quadrangle extends from the Grand Hogback monocline into the southeastern part of the Piceance basin. In the northeastern part of the map area, the Wasatch Formation is nearly vertical, and over a distance of about 1 km, the dip decreases sharply from about 70-85o to about 15-30o toward the southwest. No evidence of a fault in this zone of sharp change in dip is observed but exposures in the Shire Member of the Wasatch Formation are poor, and few marker horizons that might demonstrate offset are distinct. In the central part of the map area, the Shire Member is essentially flat lying. In the south and southwest part of the map area, the dominant dip is slightly to the north, forming an open syncline that plunges gently to the northwest. Evidence for this fold also exists in the subsurface from drill-hole data. According to Tweto (1975), folding of the early Eocene to Paleocene Wasatch Formation along the Grand Hogback reqired an early Eocene age for the last phase of Laramide compression. We find the attitude of the Wasatch Formation to be nearly horizontal, essentially parallel to the overlying Anvil Points Member of the Eocene Green River Formation; therefore, we have no information that either confirms or disputes that early Eocene was the time of the last Laramide event. Near Rifle Gap in the northeast part of the map area, the Mesaverde Group locally dips about 10o less steeply than the overlying Wasatch Formation, indicating that not only had the formation of the Hogback monocline not begun by the time the Wasatch was deposited at this locality, but the underlying Mesaverde Group was locally tilted slightly toward the present White River uplift. Also the basal part of the Atwell Gulch Member of the Wasatch Formation consists of fine-grained mudstones and siltstones containing sparse sandstone and rare conglomerates, indicating that the source of sediment was not from erosion of the adjacent Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group. The most likely source of andesitic conglomerate clasts abundant in the upper part of the Atwell Gulch Member was Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary andesitic igneous rocks, remnants of which are present southeast of the Piceance Basin (Tweto, 1979). Thinning of the Atwell Gulch and Molina Members to the northwest also suggests a southeastern source of sediments, ruling out a northeastern source related to earlier deformation of the Upper Cretaceous Mesa Verde Group.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97852","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R., and Scott, R.B., 1997, Revised preliminary geologic map of the Rifle Quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-852, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97852.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0852/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109006,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18866"}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfield","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27020,"text":"wri974141 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Pesticides in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1974-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:34:08.136846","indexId":"wri974141","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4141","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Pesticides in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1974-94","docAbstract":"<p>Available data on pesticides in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water from Federal, state, and local agencies are reviewed for part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The analysis focuses on a smaller study area encompassing 19,500 square miles that includes the Upper Mississippi River Basin from Lake Pepin upstream to sampling stations on the Mississippi River near Royalton, Minnesota, and the Minnesota River near Jordan, Minnesota, and the entire drainage basins of the St. Croix, Vermillion, and Cannon Rivers. Assessment is generally restricted to two groups of pesticides the most frequently detected herbicides and organochlorine insecticides although pesticides rarely or never detected are noted.</p>\n<p>Herbicides, including alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, or metolachlor, were detected in every stream sampled except the Kettle River. Streams draining row-crop areas had the most herbicide detections. Atrazine was the most widely detected herbicide, with detections in all streams sampled except the Kettle River. Concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and cyanazine were greatest in July and detectable most of the year at very low (parts-per-trillion) concentrations. The herbicides EPTC and trifluralin were never detected, although they were used in amounts equal to or greater than those detected, reflecting the fact that some herbicides are less persistent than others. A small urban stream draining part of the Lake Harriet Watershed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, contained substantial concentrations of pesticides as well. Eighty-five percent of runoff events sampled in this entirely urbanized watershed had detections of herbicides commonly used for residential purposes, and 43 percent of the events had detections of alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, or metolachlor herbicides used predominantly for agriculture. Pesticide concentrations in urban runoff remained well above detection limits throughout the summer, indicating repeated applications of pesticides.</p>\n<p>Selected organochlorine insecticides, banned since the 1970's, still were detected in recent streambed-sediment samples. Three insecticides, 4,4'-DDT, heptachlor, and lindane, and their metabolites account for almost two-thirds of the organochlorine insecticides detected. Organochlorine insecticides were detected more frequently in streambed sediment than in streamwater. Detections in both phases were most frequent within or downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, indicating that most of these insecticides originated from the Twin Cities metropolitan area.</p>\n<p>The most frequently detected herbicides in ground water were the same as those frequently detected in streams. Most detections were found in the sand and gravel aquifers underlying agricultural areas, including the Anoka Sand Plain and Bonanza Valley. Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine were detected most frequently. Detection frequencies of atrazine were extremely variable among the various agencies, ranging from 0 to 66.7 percent, probably as a result of different sampling purposes, well locations, and detection levels. Atrazine and atrazine metabolites were the only pesticides detected in bedrock aquifers, with detections found mainly in the agriculture-dominated southeastern part of the study area where bedrock commonly outcrops near the surface. Thus, most detections of herbicides in ground water were found in environmental settings where ground water is vulnerable to contamination.</p>\n<p>Atrazine was the only pesticide that equaled or exceeded a maximum contaminant level (of 3.0 micrograms per liter) for drinking water. Two stream samples from a small urban watershed in Minneapolis had atrazine concentrations of 3.6 and 3.8 micrograms per liter, and one ground-water sample had a concentration of 3.0 micrograms per liter. Trace concentrations (less than 0.06 micrograms per liter) of the organochlorine insecticides chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, and heptachlor exceeded chronic freshwater-quality criteria in stream samples from the Mississippi, Minnesota, St. Croix, and Vemillion Rivers in 1981 and 1990.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974141","usgsCitation":"Fallon, J.D., Fong, A.L., and Andrews, W., 1997, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Pesticides in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1974-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4141, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974141.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392983,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48760.htm"},{"id":119799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.08489990234375, 46.22735299655779 ], [ -91.15631103515625, 46.23685258143992 ], [ -91.20574951171874, 46.23495279600417 ], [ -91.24420166015624, 46.200745411283094 ], [ -91.30462646484375, 46.18743678432541 ], [ -91.40625, 46.23495279600417 ], [ -91.46942138671875, 46.2824277013447 ], [ -91.52435302734375, 46.31848113932307 ], [ -91.54632568359375, 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D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, A. L.","contributorId":58309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25814,"text":"wri964289 - 1997 - Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:48:21.917555","indexId":"wri964289","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4289","title":"Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93","docAbstract":"<p>Surface-water and ground-water quality in the East Meadow Brook headwaters area was monitored during 1988-93 to determine the effects of urban stormwater on water quality before, and for 1 year after, the construction of a stormwater-detention basin in 1992. Stormwater samples were collected from the stream during storms. Between storms, water samples were collected from the stream and from a network of monitoring wells in the headwaters area. The detention basin was constructed as part of a pilot project to increase aquifer recharge while decreasing the discharge of contaminated stormwater to coastal waters. </p><p>Bacteria and road salt were the major contaminants detected in stormwater samples, and the concentrations of organic compounds and nutrients in the samples rarely exceeded New York State drinking-water standards. Lead and chromium were detected in only a few of the stormwater samples, and cadmium was not detected in any of the samples. </p><p>Loads of most inorganic constituents in stormwater reflected the season and the magnitude of the storm and were proportional to the total stormwater volume measured at the headwaters area. Stormwater during the nonwinter (non-road-salting) season had a diluting effect on shallow ground water adjacent to the stream. </p><p>Large amounts of sodium and chloride that entered the stream and ground water after road-salt applications to the Westbury drainage area affected the ground-water quality beneath and adjacent to the stream for several months. Concentrations of sodium and chloride in streamwater on March 6, 1989, reached 1,700 mg/L (milligrams per liter) and 2,700 mg/L, respectively, as a result of road salt washed in by stormwater. Median concentrations of sodium and chloride in wells in an area affected by road salt were generally several times higher than concentrations in shallow wells in unaffected suburban areas. Bromide-to-chloride ratios were used to distinguish road salt from atmospherically derived sea salt within the shallow aquifer and indicated that ground water was affected by road salt to a depth of 14 meters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964289","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Scorca, M., Stockar, G.G., Stumm, F., and Ku, H.F., 1997, Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4289, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964289.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54566,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48612.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"East Meadow Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.58934402465819,\n              40.725925340669626\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.57887268066406,\n              40.725925340669626\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.57887268066406,\n              40.7375024965684\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.58934402465819,\n              40.7375024965684\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.58934402465819,\n              40.725925340669626\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scorca, M. P.","contributorId":21997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scorca","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockar, G. G.","contributorId":59482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockar","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ku, H. F.","contributorId":19976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30580,"text":"wri974145 - 1997 - Eutrophication potential of Payette Lake, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T14:51:31","indexId":"wri974145","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4145","title":"Eutrophication potential of Payette Lake, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Payette Lake was studied during water years \n1995-96 to determine the 20.5-square-kilometer \nlake's assimilative capacity for nutrients and, thus, \nits eutrophication potential. The study included \nquantification of hydrologic and nutrient budgets, \ncharacterization of water quality in the limnetic \nand littoral zones, development of an empirical nutrient load/lake response model, and estimation of \nthe limnological effects of a large-scale forest fire \nin the lake's 373-square-kilometer watershed during the autumn of 1994.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Streamflow from the North Fork Payette \nRiver, the lake's primary tributary, delivered about \n73 percent of the lake's inflow over the 2 years. \nOutflow from the lake, measured since 1908, was \n128 and 148 percent of the long-term average in \n1995 and 1996, respectively. The larger volumes \nof outflow reduced the long-term average water-\nresidence time of 2.35 years to 1.84 and 1.42 years \nfor 1995 and 1996, respectively. The lake retained \n54 percent of its 1995-96 influent load of nitrogen \nand 79 percent of its influent load of phosphorus. \nThe North Fork Payette River contributed an average of 69.4 percent of the lake's nitrogen load and \n28.2 percent of its phosphorus load. The 1994 forest fires substantially increased the loads of nitrogen and phosphorus delivered to the lake; however, only nitrogen concentrations were noticeably increased in the lake.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Payette Lake was classified as oligotrophic \non the basis of annual geometric mean concentrations, in micrograms per liter, of total phosphorus \n(4.7), total nitrogen (225), and chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (1.3)\nduring 1995-96. Secchi-disc transparencies ranged \nfrom 2.3 to 8.0 meters, indicative of mesotrophic \nconditions. Median ratios of dissolved inorganic \nnitrogen to dissolved orthophosphorus ranged from \n38 to 254, thereby indicating phosphorus limitation \nof phytoplankton growth. Phytoplankton populations were taxonomically dominated by diatoms; \nblue-green algae were rare. One diatom, <i>Tabellaria \nfenestrata</i>, contributed 52 percent of the biovolume. Within the littoral zone, median periphyton \nproduction, normalized to photosynthetically active \nradiation input, ranged from 0.0007 to 0.02 milligrams of chlorophyll-<i>a</i> per square meter per Einstein, a difference of 28.6 times. Multiple linear regression analysis failed to detect any significant relation between periphyton production and various \nindices of nearshore development. Nine genera of \naquatic macrophytes were identified, including \nEurasian milfoil (<i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> var. <i>spicatum</i>), which is considered a nuisance aquatic \nplant.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Despite its oligotrophy, Payette Lake had \nsubstantial dissolved-oxygen deficits in 1995-96, \nwhich led to 4-month periods of anoxia in the near-bottom waters of its southwest basin. The hypolimnetic dissolved-oxygen deficit was much larger than \nthat predicted by the nutrient load/lake response \nmodel. The southwest basin's propensity for developing anoxia was related to the lengthy water-residence time and incomplete water-column circulation and reaeration during the spring and autumn, \ncoupled with a long-term accumulation of oxygen-\ndemanding organic matter produced within the \nlake or delivered by its watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/wri974145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Division of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1997, Eutrophication potential of Payette Lake, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4145, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974145.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Payette River;Payette Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.141529,44.903939 ], [ -116.141529,45.199354 ], [ -115.911589,45.199354 ], [ -115.911589,44.903939 ], [ -116.141529,44.903939 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29305,"text":"wri974114 - 1997 - Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T16:01:32","indexId":"wri974114","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4114","title":"Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The demand for water from the Warwick aquifer, which underlies the Fort Totten Indian Reservation in northeastern North Dakota, has been increasing during recent years. Therefore, the Spirit Lake Sioux Nation is interested in resolving questions about the quantity and quality of water in the aquifer and in developing a water-management plan for future water use. A study was conducted to evaluate the surface-water and ground-water resources of the Fort Totten Indian Reservation and, in particular, the ground-water resources in the area of the Warwick aquifer. A major component of the study, addressed by this report, was to define the ground-water flow system of the aquifer. </p><p>The Warwick aquifer consists of outwash deposits of the Warwick outwash plain that are as much as 30 feet thick and buried-valley deposits beneath the outwash plain that are as much as 200 feet thick. The aquifer is bounded on the north and west by end-moraine deposits and Devils Lake, on the south by the Sheyenne River Valley, and on the east by outwash deposits and ravines. The aquifer is underlain by Pierre Shale or by glacial till, clay, or silt. Ground-water gradients generally are small and rarely are more than 3 or 4 feet per mile. From 1982 to 1993, withdrawals from the Devils Lake well field averaged 1.5 cubic feet per second, and withdrawals from irrigation wells averaged 1.29 cubic feet per second. The combined discharge from springs may be about 3 cubic feet per second. During the early 1990s, the Warwick aquifer probably was in a steady-state condition with regard to storage change in the aquifer. </p><p>A finite-difference, three-dimensional, ground-water flow model provided a reasonable simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick aquifer. The aquifer was divided vertically into two layers and horizontally into a grid of 83 by 109 cells, each measuring 656 feet (200 meters) per side. The steady-state simulation was conducted using 1992 pumpage rates and October 1992 water levels. The mean absolute difference between simulated and derived water-level altitudes during final calibration of the model was 1.52 feet. The two transient simulations were conducted for 20 time intervals of 1 year each using both the small and large storage estimates, doubled 1992 pumpage from the Devils Lake well field, 1992 irrigation pumpage, and initial water-level altitudes simulated by the October 1992 steady-state simulation. In the simulation using the small storage estimate and doubled pumpage, model cells in the area of the well field went dry after 13 years.</p><p>Assumptions made in the design of the model generally are supported by the digital simulation. Except in the area of Warwick Springs and smaller springs, lateral and basal boundaries of&nbsp;the aquifer are impermeable. The flow system is dominated by recharge and evapotranspiration. Recharge rates obtained during the calibration process were lower in topographically high areas than in topographically low areas. Hydraulic conductivity in the area of the Devils Lake well field was larger than that in the rest of the aquifer. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974114","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., 1997, Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4114, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974114.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6588f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Thomas B.","contributorId":76704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29902,"text":"wri974241 - 1997 - Occurrence of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T13:33:10.673476","indexId":"wri974241","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4241","title":"Occurrence of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from a network of 72 shallow monitoring wells to assess the chemical quality of recently recharged ground water in the surficial Kirkwood- Cohansey aquifer system of southern New Jersey. The wells are randomly distributed among agricultural, urban, and undeveloped areas to provide data representative of chemical conditions of ground water underlying each of these land-use settings. Samples were analyzed for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOC's). Concentrations of nitrate were highest in agricultural areas, where the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as nitrogen was exceeded in 60 percent of the samples. Concentrations of nitrate were intermediate in urban areas, where the 10-mg/L concentration was exceeded in only 1 of 44 samples. All concentrations in samples from undeveloped areas were less than 1.0 mg/L. Pesticides and VOC's were frequently detected; however, concentrations were low and rarely exceeded established or proposed USEPA or N.J. Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) drinking-water regulations. With the exception of the agricultural pesticide dinoseb, established regulations are at least 2.9 times the maximum concentration for pesticides and at least 5 times the maximum concentration for VOC's reported in the samples from the 72-well network. </p><p>Investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are ongoing in southern New Jersey to evaluate the (1) presence and concentration of pesticide-degradation byproducts in shallow ground water; (2) presence and movement of nitrate, pesticides, and VOC's in the atmosphere, streams, unsaturated zone, and aquifers; (3) transport and fate of these compounds as they migrate deeper into the aquifer system; and (4) implications of these findings for the integrity of the regional water supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974241","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Hopple, J.A., and Kauffman, L.J., 1997, Occurrence of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4241, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974241.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4241/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4241/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48848.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.3042,\n              39.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8528,\n              39.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8528,\n              39.8583\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3042,\n              39.8583\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3042,\n              39.45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69237f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopple, Jessica A. 0000-0003-3180-2252 jahopple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"Jessica","email":"jahopple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":202325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29574,"text":"wri964223 - 1997 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T22:17:03.508414","indexId":"wri964223","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4223","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992","docAbstract":"A water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin (10,949 square miles) was conducted during water years 1987-91. This assessment involved interpretation of available data; 4 years of intensive data collection, including monthly sample collection at eight fixed-monitoring stations in the basin; and synoptic studies of selected water-quality constituents at many sites.\r\n\r\nThe number of exceedances of water-quality criteria for chromium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc in water was essentially the same at similar stations between 1978-86 and 1987-90. For water and sediment, a large signature for many trace inorganic constituents was observed from the Chicago metropolitan area, mainly from the Des Plaines River Basin and continuing down the Illinois River. Loads of trace inorganic constituents in water were 2-13 times greater from the Chicago metropolitan area than from rural areas in the upper Illinois River Basin.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of cadmium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc appeared to be relatively enriched in biota in the upper Illinois River Basin compared to other river basins. Biota from some urban sites were enriched with respect to several elements. For example, relatively large concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel were observed in biota from sites in the Chicago River in the metropolitan area and the Calumet River.\r\n\r\nResults of pesticide sampling in 1988 and 1989 identified the pesticides bromacil, diazinon, malathion, prometon, and simazine as urban related and alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and metribuzin as agricultural related.\r\n\r\nPhenol concentrations never exceeded general-use and secondary-contact water-quality standards of 100 and 300 micrograms per liter, respectively. Pentachlorophenol concentrations observed at the Illinois River at Marseilles, Ill., between 1981 and 1992 decreased beginning in 1987.\r\n\r\nA breakdown product of the organochlorine pesticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-DDE was the most commonly detected organic compound in biota in both 1989 and 1990. In the nine fish-fillet samples collected in 1989, exceedances of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) fish tissue concentrations were noted for p,p'-DDE in all nine fillets and for dieldrin in five of the nine fillets.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations in water in the study area generally were larger than concentrations typically found in natural waters. The Des Plaines River Basin contributed approximately 41 percent of the total nitrogen load to the upper Illinois River Basin, whereas the Kankakee River and Iroquois River Basins contributed about 34 and 14 percent of the total load, respectively.\r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations measured during a 1988 synoptic sampling exceeded State water-quality standards at 76 percent of the sampled sites. Bacteria densities greater than water-quality standards were observed at all of the fixed-monitoring stations, but densities greater than water-quality criteria and standards were observed more often at stations in the Des Plaines River Basin.\r\n\r\nResults from the analysis of changes in water quality following changes in wastewater-treatment practices indicated that current monitoring programs, although sufficient for their intended purposes, are not suitable for this type of retrospective assessment in large-scale water-quality assessments. Changes were not indicated in fish-community structure and population following changes in wastewater-treatment practices.\r\n\r\nA strong relation between the quality of the fish community and overall water-quality conditions was observed, although USEPA acute criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life were rarely exceeded. Analyses of fish-community data clearly showed that water quality in the urbanized parts of the study area were degraded relative to those in agricultural areas. Total chromium in streambed sediments and total recoverable sodium in water were highly correlated","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964223","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, A.R., and Blanchard, S.F., 1997, Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4223, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964223.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/uirb/pubs/reports/WRIR_96-4223/body.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48557.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Illinois River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              40.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              40.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              43.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              43.1167\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              40.4667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Arthur R.","contributorId":105709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216723,"text":"70216723 - 1997 - Initiation of debris flows in tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T17:19:20.531856","indexId":"70216723","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T11:14:33","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Initiation of debris flows in tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Debris flows are initiated in tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon when intense rainfall causes failures in colluvium and (or) bedrock. Most debris flows occur in the summer during localized convective thunderstorms with rainfall intensities as high as 40 mm/hr. Rarer and larger debris flows occur during unusually warm frontal storms in winter. Hourly precipitation data suggest that storms that cause debris flows terminate with a period of intense rainfall, a characteristic that complicates the use of daily rainfall records in assessing debris-flow hazard. Recurrence intervals for 1-day rainfall associated with 37 recent debris flows range from &lt;1 to &gt;50 years, with most &lt;10 years. Recurrence intervals for the multi-day rainfall of storms associated with debris flows range from &lt;1 to 158 years, but most were &gt;10 years. The low recurrence intervals of debris-flow producing rainfalls, compared with the 10-50 yr recurrence intervals for most debris flows, underscores the co-dependence of debris-flow initiation on geologic factors, including bedrock type and antecedent soil-moisture conditions. The primary geologic factor influencing debris-flow initiation in Grand Canyon is the exposure of shale units at heights &gt;100 m above the river. Exposed shale bedrock fails readily, either producing debris flows directly or contributing source material to wedges of colluvium that may fail later. Shales also provide silt- and clay-size particles that in part determine the rheological properties of debris flows.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st international conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"Aug 7-9, 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, P.G., Webb, R., and Melis, T., 1997, Initiation of debris flows in tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 1997 1st international conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, San Francisco, CA, Aug 7-9, 1997, p. 12-20.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              35.53222622770337\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45654296875,\n              35.53222622770337\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.45654296875,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              35.53222622770337\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":805988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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