More than 600,000 ha of mine land have been reclaimed in the eastern United States, providing large contiguous tracts of early successional vegetation that can be managed for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). However, habitat quality on reclaimed mine land can be limited by extensive coverage of non-native invasive species, which are commonly planted during reclamation. We used discrete-choice analysis to investigate bobwhite resource selection throughout the year on Peabody Wildlife Management Area, a 3,330-ha reclaimed surface mine in western Kentucky. We used a treatment-control design to study resource selection at 2 spatial scales to identify important aspects of mine land vegetation and whether resource selection differed between areas with habitat management (i.e., burning, disking, herbicide; treatment) and unmanaged units (control). Our objectives were to estimate bobwhite resource selection on reclaimed mine land and to estimate the influence of habitat management practices on resource selection. We used locations from 283 individuals during the breeding season (1 Apr–30 Sep) and 136 coveys during the non-breeding season (1 Oct–Mar 31) from August 2009 to March 2014. Individuals were located closer to shrub cover than would be expected at random throughout the year. During the breeding season, individuals on treatment units used areas with smaller contagion index values (i.e., greater interspersion) compared with individuals on control units. During the non-breeding season, birds selected areas with greater shrub-open edge density compared with random. At the microhabitat scale, individuals selected areas with increased visual obstruction >1 m aboveground. During the breeding season, birds were closer to disked areas (linear and non-linear) than would be expected at random. Individuals selected non-linear disked areas during winter but did not select linear disked areas (firebreaks) because they were planted to winter wheat each fall and lacked cover during the non-breeding season. Individuals also selected areas treated with herbicide to control sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) throughout the year. During the breeding season, bobwhites avoided areas burned during the previous dormant season. Habitat quality of reclaimed mine lands may be limited by a lack of shrub cover and extensive coverage of non-native herbaceous vegetation. Managers aiming to increase bobwhite abundance should focus on increasing interspersion of shrub cover, with no area >100 m from shrub cover. We suggest disking and herbicide application to control invasive species and improve the structure and composition of vegetation for bobwhites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.944","usgsCitation":"Brooke, J.M., Peters, D.C., Unger, A.M., Tanner, E.P., Harper, C.A., Keyser, P.D., Clark, J.D., and Morgan, J.J., 2015, Habitat manipulation influences northern bobwhite resource selection on a reclaimed surface mine: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1264-1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.944.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1276","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-08-01","temporalEnd":"2014-03-31","ipdsId":"IP-065967","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Peabody Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.418212890625,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -87.418212890625,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -86.5997314453125,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -86.5997314453125,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -87.418212890625,\n 37.09462150015557\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd83a4e4b0518e354dc70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooke, Jarred M.","contributorId":146940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooke","given":"Jarred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, David C.","contributorId":146941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unger, Ashley M.","contributorId":146942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unger","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, Evan P.","contributorId":146943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, Craig A.","contributorId":146944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morgan, John J.","contributorId":146946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13409,"text":"Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70156290,"text":"cir1411 - 2015 - Review of the USA National Phenology Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-11T10:30:24","indexId":"cir1411","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-24T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1411","title":"Review of the USA National Phenology Network","docAbstract":"In January 2014, leadership from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Ecosystems Mission Area commissioned a review of the USA National Phenology Network (USA–NPN) Program. The Ecosystems Mission Area has a key stake in the USA–NPN, providing both supervision of its Director and most of the appropriated funds. The products and objectives of the program are relevant to six of the seven USGS Mission Areas as well as to at least four Department of the Interior (DOI) bureaus.
\nA nine-person panel of reviewers, with representatives from the USGS, other Federal agencies, and academia, was convened to provide advice and recommendations to USGS leadership. Specifically, the panel was asked to assess the science utility of having a National Phenology Network; to consider USGS science mission and DOI management needs served by the USA–NPN; and to consider the utility of the USA–NPN to other Federal agency science missions or management needs (including the National Science Foundation [NSF] and university research funded by the NSF and other government agencies).
\nThis report summarizes the panel’s findings and offers five recommendations for USGS leadership:
\n1. Commit to stable USA–NPN funding and increase accountability.
\n2. Establish a Federal Steering Committee, led by the USGS, and a separate Scientific Phenology User Group.
\n3. Emphasize continental-scale phenology data and information.
\n4. Formalize volunteer engagement in phenology data collection.
\n5. Integrate phenology information into USGS science.
\nThe panel generally affirms the value of the USA–NPN program and finds that the program is successfully meeting the needs of its stakeholders, including the USGS. However, the USGS needs to be more engaged in the program, providing leadership and setting priorities for the future. The USA–NPN, in turn, needs to deliver more clearly defined, DOI-relevant, USGS-integrated, data product lines that have the broadest possible spatial and temporal scope to meet user needs across the United States.
\nThe panel recommends that the USA–NPN National Coordinating Office (NCO) establish an implementation plan that addresses all of the panel recommendations, with priorities, timelines, and assumptions to move the program forward successfully.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1411","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Owen, T.W., eds., 2015, Review of the USA National Phenology Network: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1411, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1411.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064225","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1411/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306989,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1411/circ1411.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1411"}],"contact":"Executive Director
USA National Phenology Network
http://www.usanpn.org
With the translocation and release of 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia to Olympic National Park during 2008–2010, the National Park Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife accomplished the first phase of fisher restoration in Washington State. Beginning in 2013, we initiated a new research project to determine the current status of fishers on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula 3–5 years after the releases and evaluate the short-term success of the restoration program. Objectives of the study are to determine the current distribution of fishers and proportion of the recovery area that is currently occupied by fishers, determine several genetic characteristics of the reintroduced population, and determine reproductive success of the founding animals through genetic studies.
During 2014, we continued working with a broad coalition of cooperating agencies, tribes, and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) to collect data on fisher distribution and genetics using noninvasive sampling methods. The primary sampling frame consisted of 157 24-square-kilometer hexagons (hexes) distributed across all major land ownerships within the Olympic Peninsula target survey area. In 2014 we expanded the study by adding 58 more hexes to an expanded study area in response to incidental fisher observations outside of the target area obtained in 2013; 49 hexes were added south and 9 to the east of the target area. During 2014, federal, state, tribal and NGO biologists and volunteers established three baited motion-sensing camera stations, paired with hair snaring devices, in 80 hexes; 69 in the targeted area 11 in the expansion areas. Each paired camera/hair station was left in place for approximately 6 weeks, with three checks on 2-week intervals. We documented fisher presence in 5 of the 80 hexagons, and identified 5 different fishers through a combination of microsatellite DNA analyses and camera detections. All fisher detections were in the target area. These 5 individuals included 2 of the original founding population of 90, 1 of the 2 rescued and rehabilitated kits that were released in 2010, and 1 new recruit to the population (1 individual was not identified). Additionally, we identified more than 40 other species of wildlife at the baited camera stations. We also obtained eight incidental fisher observations through photographs and carcass retrieval.
During 2015, we plan to sample 75 hexagons in the target area and 12 in the expansion area. We plan to sample all unsampled accessible hexes in the target area (26 hexes), and re-sample accessible hexes sampled in 2013 (49 hexes).
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Happe, P.J., Jenkins, K.J., Kay, T.J., Pilgrim, K.L., Schwartz, M.K., Lewis, J.C., and Aubry, K.B., 2015, Evaluation of fisher (Pekania pennanti) restoration in Olympic National Park and the Olympic Recovery Area: 2014 annual progress report: Natural Resource Data Series 2015-804, viii, 32 p.","productDescription":"viii, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-065062","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/upload/OLYM_Fisher_2014ProgressReport_20150608.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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48.378145469762444\n ],\n [\n -124.7113037109375,\n 48.436489955944154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b0e4b0764e6c5e8885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Happe, Patricia J.","contributorId":50983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16133,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kay, Thomas J.","contributorId":141089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kay","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pilgrim, Kristy L.","contributorId":45222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilgrim","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Michael K.","contributorId":102326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":141090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13674,"text":"WDFW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aubry, Keith B.","contributorId":141091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aubry","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70155011,"text":"70155011 - 2015 - The influence of logjams on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) concentrations on the lower Roanoke River, a large sand-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T09:17:18","indexId":"70155011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-18T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of logjams on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) concentrations on the lower Roanoke River, a large sand-bed river","docAbstract":"This study examines the relation between logjams and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the alluvial sand-bed lower Roanoke River. Disparate data sets from previous bank erosion, fisheries, and large wood studies were used to compare the distribution of largemouth bass with logjam frequency. Logjams are related to the frequency of bank mass wasting increasing from near an upstream dam to the middle reach of the study segment and then decreasing as the river approaches sea level. The highest concentration of largemouth bass and logjams was in the middle reach (110 fish per hour and 21 jams per km). Another measure of largemouth bass distribution, fish biomass density (g h1 ), had a similar trend with logjams and was a better predictor of fish distribution versus logjams (R2= 0.6 and 0.8 and p = 0.08 and 0.02 for fish per hour and g h1 versus logjam, respectively). We theorize that the preference for adult bass to congregate near logjams indicates the use of the jams as feeding areas. The results of a principal component analysis indicate that fish biomass concentration is much more related to logjam frequency than channel geometry (width, depth, and bank height), bed grain size, bank erosion, or turbidity. The results of this research support recent studies on in-channel wood and fisheries: Logjams appear to be important for maintaining, or increasing, both largemouth bass numbers and total biomass of fish in large eastern North American rivers. Persistent logjams, important as habitat, exist where relatively undisturbed river reaches allow for bank erosion inputs of wood and available anchoring locations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2779","usgsCitation":"Schenk, E.R., McCargo, J.W., Moulin, B., Hupp, C.R., and Richter, J.M., 2015, The influence of logjams on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) concentrations on the lower Roanoke River, a large sand-bed river: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 6, p. 704-711, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2779.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"711","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056655","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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We construct a 3-D dynamic rupture model of an earthquake on the Pitas Point and Lower Red Mountain faults to model low-frequency ground motion and the resulting tsunami, with a goal of elucidating the seismic and tsunami hazard in this area. Our model results in an average stress drop of 6 MPa, an average fault slip of 7.4 m, and a moment magnitude of 7.7, consistent with regional paleoseismic data. Our corresponding tsunami model uses final seafloor displacement from the rupture model as initial conditions to compute local propagation and inundation, resulting in large peak tsunami amplitudes northward and eastward due to site and path effects. Modeled inundation in the Ventura area is significantly greater than that indicated by state of California's current reference inundation line.
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With these tools, wildlife managers can understand the spatial, temporal (e.g., across time periods, seasons), and demographic patterns in mortality causes from carcass recovery datasets. From datasets of radio-collared and non-collared carcasses, managers can calculate the detection bias by mortality cause in a non-collared carcass dataset compared to a collared carcass dataset. As a first step, we provide a standard procedure to assign mortality causes to carcasses. We provide an example of these methods for radio-collared wolves (n = 208) and non-collared wolves (n = 668) found dead in Wisconsin (1979–2012). We analyzed differences in mortality cause relative to season, age and sex classes, wolf harvest zones, and recovery phase (1979–1995: initial recovery, 1996–2002: early growth, 2003–2012: late growth). Seasonally, illegal kills and natural deaths were proportionally higher in winter (Oct–Mar) than summer (Apr–Sep) for collared wolves, whereas vehicle strikes and legal kills were higher in summer than winter. Spatially, more illegally killed collared wolves occurred in eastern wolf harvest zones where wolves reestablished more slowly and in the central forest region where optimal habitat is isolated by agriculture. Natural mortalities of collared wolves (e.g., disease, intraspecific strife, or starvation) were highest in western wolf harvest zones where wolves established earlier and existed at higher densities. Calculating detection bias in the non-collared dataset revealed that more than half of the non-collared carcasses on the landscape are not found. The lowest detection probabilities for non-collared carcasses (0.113–0.176) occurred in winter for natural, illegal, and unknown mortality causes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.922","usgsCitation":"Stenglein, J.L., Van Deelen, T.R., Wydeven, A.P., Mladenoff, D.J., Wiedenhoft, J.E., Businga, N.K., Langenberg, J.A., Thomas, N.J., and Heisey, D.M., 2015, Mortality patterns and detection bias from carcass data: An example from wolf recovery in Wisconsin: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 7, p. 1173-1184, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.922.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1173","endPage":"1184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056314","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5093","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and analysis of the effects of water-management options in the North Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) has been actively collecting data and studying groundwater resources because of concerns about the future availability of the highly inter-connected surface-water and groundwater resources. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, describes a groundwater-flow model of the North Platte River valley from Bridgeport, Nebraska, extending west to 6 miles into Wyoming. The model was built to improve the understanding of the interaction of surface-water and groundwater resources, and as an optimization tool, the model is able to analyze the effects of water-management options on the simulated stream base flow of the North Platte River. The groundwater system and related sources and sinks of water were simulated using a newton formulation of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model, referred to as MODFLOW–NWT, which provided an improved ability to solve nonlinear unconfined aquifer simulations with wetting and drying of cells. Using previously published aquifer-base-altitude contours in conjunction with newer test-hole and geophysical data, a new base-of-aquifer altitude map was generated because of the strong effect of the aquifer-base topography on groundwater-flow direction and magnitude. The largest inflow to groundwater is recharge originating from water leaking from canals, which is much larger than recharge originating from infiltration of precipitation. The largest component of groundwater discharge from the study area is to the North Platte River and its tributaries, with smaller amounts of discharge to evapotranspiration and groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated with a daily soil-water-balance model. Annual recharge from canal seepage was estimated using available records from the Bureau of Reclamation and then modified with canal-seepage potentials estimated using geophysical data. Groundwater withdrawals were estimated using land-cover data, precipitation data, and published crop water-use data. For fields irrigated with surface water and groundwater, surface-water deliveries were subtracted from the estimated net irrigation requirement, and groundwater withdrawal was assumed to be equal to any demand unmet by surface water.
\nThe groundwater-flow model was calibrated to measured groundwater levels and stream base flows estimated using the base-flow index method. The model was calibrated through automated adjustments using statistical techniques through parameter estimation using the parameter estimation suite of software (PEST). PEST was used to adjust 273 parameters, grouped as hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, spatial multipliers to recharge, temporal multipliers to recharge, and two specific recharge parameters. Base flow of the North Platte River at Bridgeport, Nebraska, streamgage near the eastern, downstream end of the model was one of the primary calibration targets. Simulated base flow reasonably matched estimated base flow for this streamgage during 1950–2008, with an average difference of 15 percent. Overall, 1950–2008 simulated base flow followed the trend of the estimated base flow reasonably well, in cases with generally increasing or decreasing base flow from the start of the simulation to the end. Simulated base flow also matched estimated base flow reasonably well for most of the North Platte River tributaries with estimated base flow. Average simulated groundwater budgets during 1989–2008 were nearly three times larger for irrigation seasons than for non-irrigation seasons.
\nThe calibrated groundwater-flow model was used with the Groundwater-Management Process for the 2005 version of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model, MODFLOW–2005, to provide a tool for the NPNRD to better understand how water-management decisions could affect stream base flows of the North Platte River at Bridgeport, Nebr., streamgage in a future period from 2008 to 2019 under varying climatic conditions. The simulation-optimization model was constructed to analyze the maximum increase in simulated stream base flow that could be obtained with the minimum amount of reductions in groundwater withdrawals for irrigation. A second analysis extended the first to analyze the simulated base-flow benefit of groundwater withdrawals along with application of intentional recharge, that is, water from canals being released into rangeland areas with sandy soils. With optimized groundwater withdrawals and intentional recharge, the maximum simulated stream base flow was 15–23 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) greater than with no management at all, or 10–15 ft3/s larger than with managed groundwater withdrawals only. These results indicate not only the amount that simulated stream base flow can be increased by these management options, but also the locations where the management options provide the most or least benefit to the simulated stream base flow. For the analyses in this report, simulated base flow was best optimized by reductions in groundwater withdrawals north of the North Platte River and in the western half of the area. Intentional recharge sites selected by the optimization had a complex distribution but were more likely to be closer to the North Platte River or its tributaries. Future users of the simulation-optimization model will be able to modify the input files as to type, location, and timing of constraints, decision variables of groundwater withdrawals by zone, and other variables to explore other feasible management scenarios that may yield different increases in simulated future base flow of the North Platte River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Peterson, S.M, Flynn, A.T., Vrabel, Joseph, and Ryter, D.W., 2015, Simulation of groundwater flow and analysis of the effects of water-management options in the North Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5093, 67 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155093.","productDescription":"ix, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055438","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, Nebraska 68512
http://ne.water.usgs.gov/
Hydraulically fractured shales are becoming an increasingly important source of natural gas production in the United States. This process has been known to create up to 420 gallons of produced water (PW) per day, but the volume varies depending on the formation, and the characteristics of individual hydraulic fracture. PW from hydraulic fracturing of shales are comprised of injected fracturing fluids and natural formation waters in proportions that change over time. Across the state of Pennsylvania, shale gas production is booming; therefore, it is important to assess the variability in PW chemistry and microbiology across this geographical span. We quantified the inorganic and organic chemical composition and microbial communities in PW samples from 13 shale gas wells in north central Pennsylvania. Microbial abundance was generally low (66–9400 cells/mL). Non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) was high (7–31 mg/L) relative to typical shallow groundwater, and the presence of organic acid anions (e.g., acetate, formate, and pyruvate) indicated microbial activity. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in four samples (∼1 to 11.7 μg/L): benzene and toluene in the Burket sample, toluene in two Marcellus samples, and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in one Marcellus sample. VOCs can be either naturally occurring or from industrial activity, making the source of VOCs unclear. Despite the addition of biocides during hydraulic fracturing, H2S-producing, fermenting, and methanogenic bacteria were cultured from PW samples. The presence of culturable bacteria was not associated with salinity or location; although organic compound concentrations and time in production were correlated with microbial activity. Interestingly, we found that unlike the inorganic chemistry, PW organic chemistry and microbial viability were highly variable across the 13 wells sampled, which can have important implications for the reuse and handling of these fluids
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011","usgsCitation":"Akob, D.M., Cozzarelli, I.M., Dunlap, D.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lorah, M.M., 2015, Organic and inorganic composition and microbiology of produced waters from Pennsylvania shale gas wells: Applied Geochemistry, v. 60, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061928","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming, 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erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155840,"text":"70155840 - 2015 - Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:49:43","indexId":"70155840","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-11T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone","docAbstract":"Gas emissions at the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) reflect open-system mixing of gas species originating from diverse rock types, magmas, and crustal fluids, all combined in varying proportions at different thermal areas. Gases are not necessarily in chemical equilibrium with the waters through which they vent, especially in acid sulfate terrain where bubbles stream through stagnant acid water. Gases in adjacent thermal areas often can be differentiated by isotopic and gas ratios, and cannot be tied to one another solely by shallow processes such as boiling-induced fractionation of a parent liquid. Instead, they inherit unique gas ratios (e.g., CH4/He) from the dominant rock reservoirs where they originate, some of which underlie the Quaternary volcanic rocks. Steam/gas ratios (essentially H2O/CO2) of Yellowstone fumaroles correlate with Ar/He and N2/CO2, strongly suggesting that H2O/CO2 is controlled by addition of steam boiled from water rich in atmospheric gases. Moreover, H2O/CO2 varies systematically with geographic location, such that boiling is more enhanced in some areas than others. The δ13C and 3He/CO2 of gases reflect a dominant mantle origin for CO2 in Yellowstone gas. The mantle signature is most evident at Mud Volcano, which hosts gases with the lowest H2O/CO2, lowest CH4 concentrations and highest He isotope ratios (~16Ra), consistent with either a young subsurface intrusion or less input of crustal and meteoric gas than any other location at Yellowstone. Across the YPVF, He isotope ratios (3He/4He) inversely vary with He concentrations, and reflect varied amounts of long- stored, radiogenic He added to the magmatic endmember within the crust. Similarly, addition of CH4 from organic-rich sediments is common in the eastern thermal areas at Yellowstone. Overall, Yellowstone gases reflect addition of deep, high-temperature magmatic gas (CO2-rich), lower-temperatures crustal gases (4He- and CH4-bearing), and those gases (N2, Ne, Ar) added principally through boiling of the meteoric-water-derived geothermal liquid found in the upper few kilometers. We also briefly explore the pathways by which Cl, F, and S, move through the crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.010","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., and Hunt, A.G., 2015, Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 302, p. 87-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064445","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 45.24008561090264\n ],\n [\n -110.7861328125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -110.67626953125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -110.5938720703125,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -110.4290771484375,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -110.2972412109375,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -109.4732666015625,\n 45.154927133618465\n ],\n [\n -109.3414306640625,\n 45.18978009667531\n ],\n [\n -109.18212890625,\n 45.20913363773731\n ],\n [\n -109.149169921875,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -109.149169921875,\n 45.06964120886863\n ],\n [\n -109.2315673828125,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -109.2205810546875,\n 44.695992981720714\n ],\n [\n -109.1656494140625,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 44.53175879707938\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 44.469071224701096\n ],\n [\n -109.2205810546875,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -109.34692382812499,\n 44.378839759088585\n ],\n [\n -109.3963623046875,\n 44.34349388385857\n ],\n [\n -109.4073486328125,\n 44.296332880058706\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 44.34742225636393\n ],\n [\n -109.127197265625,\n 44.327777761284445\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 44.284536706018905\n ],\n [\n -109.1436767578125,\n 44.19402066387343\n ],\n [\n -109.2425537109375,\n 44.142797828180605\n ],\n [\n -109.21508789062499,\n 44.08363928284644\n ],\n [\n -109.1546630859375,\n 44.06390660801779\n ],\n [\n -109.039306640625,\n 44.036269809534616\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 43.957236472025635\n ],\n [\n -108.9898681640625,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -109.01184082031249,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 43.61619382369188\n ],\n [\n -111.3134765625,\n 43.620170616189924\n ],\n [\n -111.29150390625,\n 44.836395454104796\n ],\n [\n -111.3519287109375,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -111.4892578125,\n 44.883120442385646\n ],\n [\n -111.5167236328125,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 45.178164812206376\n ],\n [\n -111.566162109375,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -111.5277099609375,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -111.434326171875,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -111.2640380859375,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -111.13220214843749,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 45.43700828867389\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -111.00036621093749,\n 45.31352900692261\n ],\n [\n -110.950927734375,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"302","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cb0ea3e4b08400b1fdd45b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergfeld, Deborah 0000-0003-4570-7627 dbergfel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7627","contributorId":152531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"Deborah","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148270,"text":"ds942 - 2015 - Geochemical, modal, and geochronologic data for 1.4 Ga A-type granitoid intrusions of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:23:03","indexId":"ds942","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"942","title":"Geochemical, modal, and geochronologic data for 1.4 Ga A-type granitoid intrusions of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to present available geochemical, modal, and geochronologic data for approximately 1.4 billion year (Ga) A-type granitoid intrusions of the United States and to make those data available to ongoing petrogenetic investigations of these rocks. A-type granites, as originally defined by Loiselle and Wones (1979), are iron-enriched granitoids (synonymous with the ferroan granitoids of Frost and Frost, 2011) that occur in an anorogenic, within-continent setting. Relative to other granitic rocks, A-type granites have high FeO*/(FeO*+MgO), high K2O and K2O/Na2O, are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and are enriched in incompatible trace elements. Loiselle and Wones (1979) further suggested that A-type granites are relatively anhydrous. Anderson (1983) provides an early compilation of data for the products of 1.4 Ga magmatism in North America and notes the spatial and temporal association of a trio of rock types, which includes gabbro to anorthosite, intermediate composition mangerite, and granitic rapakivi rocks. In North America, the majority of known A-type intrusions were emplaced between 1.5 and 1.3 Ga and are predominantly of the granitic variety (Anderson, 1983).
\nThis report addresses the broadly Mesoproterozoic-age granitic rocks of the conterminous United States. Constituents of this group of intrusive rocks were defined using a variety of spatial, compositional, and geochronologic metrics. Thomas and others (2012) provided an updated synthesis, largely based on new isotopic and geochronologic data (for example, Fisher and others, 2010), for the large-scale geologic and tectonic evolution of the eastern United States. Their findings suggest that the basement rocks of the central and southern Appalachian region are allochthonous relative to the remainder of Laurentia and were accreted along the Grenville front between 1.25 and 1.0 Ga. Accordingly, Mesoproterozoic rocks east of the Grenville front and south of the approximate latitude of New York City do not represent North American magmatism. Consequently, geochemical, modal, and geochronologic data for these rocks are not included in the compilation described herein. Further, the structural styles and compositions of granitoid rocks east of the Grenville front, mostly highly deformed gneissic rocks, are dissimilar to those characteristic of the A-type granitoid rocks described herein.
\nA variety of compositional and age information further characterizes the 1.4 Ga A-type granitoid rocks in the conterminous United States. Most samples included in this compilation have felsic compositions, although some extend to intermediate compositions. SiO2 contents range from 56 to almost 78 weight percent, and median and mean SiO2 contents are 72.0 and 71.1 weight percent, respectively. The majority of these rocks for which modal data are available are composed of monzogranite (Streckeisen, 1976), although the dataset also contains many samples composed of granodiorite and syenogranite. A smaller group of the granitoid rocks in this dataset are composed of quartz monzodiorite and quartz monzonite, and a very small subset of samples is composed of alkali-feldspar granite, tonalite, alkali-feldspar quartz syenite, and quartz syenite (fig. 1). Many of the 1.4 Ga granitoid rocks are further characterized by medium- to coarse-grain size and are also conspicuously porphyritic; alkali feldspar phenocrysts or megacrysts (2–10 cm), often with rapakivi overgrowths, are a common feature of many of these rocks (Anderson, 1983; Anderson and Bender, 1989; Anderson and Cullers, 1978; Condie and Budding, 1979). The age of A-type magmatism in North America ranges from about 1.8 to 1.0 Ga, although Anderson (1983) suggests that more than 70 percent (by volume) of A-type magmatism in this region occurred between 1.49 and 1.41 Ga. In the conterminous United States, ages of A-type granitoid rocks are restricted to the period between about 1.49 and 1.33 Ga (Anderson, 1983; Bauer and Pollock, 1993; Bickford and Mose, 1975; Bickford, Harrower, and others, 1981; Bickford and others, 1989; Dewane and Van Schmus, 2007; Hoppe and others, 1983; Peterman and Hedge, 1968; Van Schmus and Bickford, 1981; Van Schmus and others, 1975). Using these recognition criteria, we identified A-type granitoid intrusions of the conterminous United States; for those intrusions, we compiled available geochemical, modal, isotopic (Sr and Nd) and geochronologic data for inclusion in the databases described herein.
\nThe significance of 1.4 Ga granitoid rocks relative to the geologic evolution of the conterminous United States remains unclear, despite Anderson’s (1983) compilation and synthesis of compositional data pertinent to these rocks. The large-volume magmatic events indicated by these rocks, as well as their broad geographic distribution, tectonic significance, and association with mineral deposits, underscore their importance. The broad distribution of these rocks, from the northern mid-continent to the southwestern United States (in New Mexico, Arizona, California, and southernmost Nevada), throughout the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico and Colorado (and sporadically in southern Wyoming and central Idaho), and beneath much of the Plains region (as indicated by drilling), has led to the large-scale tectonic and magmatic processes responsible for genesis of the associated magmas being actively studied.
\nIn addition, Kisvarsanyi (1972) suggests that iron-copper deposits in the St. Francois Mountains of southeastern Missouri are petrogenetically associated with 1.4 Ga A-type granitoids that occur in that region. Similarly, Dall’Agnol and others (2012) summarize important global associations between A-type granitoid rocks and a variety of important ore deposit types, particularly tin, high-field-strength elements (Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta), rare-earth elements, and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits. Consequently, the need to better understand relations between A-type granitoid rocks, tectonic setting, and magma petrogenesis, as well as their genetic associations with important types of ore deposits, suggests that developing a definitive geochemical, modal, and geochronologic database for these rocks in the conterminous United States is of considerable value.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/
Isolated patches of native vegetation in human-modified landscapes are important reservoirs of biological diversity because they may be the only places in which rare or native species can persist. Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia, is an island embedded in a matrix of intensively modified lands; it is becoming increasingly isolated due to growth of the greater Washington, D.C. area. A series of cliffs along Bull Run support an eastern white pine community disjunct from its more typical range in the Appalachian Mountains. Cliffs frequently support vegetation communities that differ from surrounding habitat. In this ecological context, the cliffs along Bull Run are islands of specialized habitat within an island of natural and semi-natural communities (the park), surrounded by a human-dominated landscape. A floral survey of these cliffs was a top priority identified by the National Park Service National Capital Region via the National Resource Preservation Program; in 2014, we completed a floral survey of 11 cliffs in the park. We recorded 282 species in 194 genera and 83 families, including 23 newly documented species for the park.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds940","usgsCitation":"Stroh, E.D., Struckhoff, M.A., and Grabner, K.W., 2015, A floral survey of cliff habitats along Bull Run at Manassas National Battlefield Park, Virginia, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 940, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds940.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 20 p.; Database; ReadMe","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-063929","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306469,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/ReadMe.txt","text":"ReadMe File","size":"5.47 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":306409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306410,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0940/ds940.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 940"},{"id":306411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7NS0RXN","text":"Manassas Bluff Flora Database"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run, Manassas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.62424468994139,\n 38.79369731838258\n ],\n [\n -77.61566162109375,\n 38.80654039080489\n ],\n [\n -77.60948181152344,\n 38.819916129801314\n ],\n [\n -77.60261535644531,\n 38.830614912420565\n ],\n [\n -77.59471893310547,\n 38.849066533608884\n ],\n [\n -77.58956909179688,\n 38.85414657465764\n ],\n [\n -77.58922576904297,\n 38.86083028642411\n ],\n [\n -77.57377624511719,\n 38.85708748522446\n ],\n [\n -77.57068634033203,\n 38.85468129471517\n ],\n [\n -77.552490234375,\n 38.850938169890064\n ],\n [\n -77.54528045654297,\n 38.84505571861154\n ],\n [\n -77.53429412841797,\n 38.841579496043266\n ],\n [\n -77.52399444580078,\n 38.83837052447013\n ],\n [\n -77.50991821289062,\n 38.84345132929943\n ],\n [\n -77.50373840332031,\n 38.83837052447013\n ],\n [\n -77.50099182128906,\n 38.833556795784745\n ],\n [\n -77.50614166259766,\n 38.83034746244922\n ],\n [\n -77.50030517578125,\n 38.82473078093276\n ],\n [\n -77.50133514404297,\n 38.81777618035695\n ],\n [\n -77.4972152709961,\n 38.81536866036827\n ],\n [\n -77.48451232910156,\n 38.81028585091164\n ],\n [\n -77.486572265625,\n 38.80225962384825\n ],\n [\n -77.48485565185547,\n 38.79931644737651\n ],\n [\n -77.47318267822266,\n 38.80225962384825\n ],\n [\n -77.48846054077148,\n 38.79543661993626\n ],\n [\n -77.51644134521484,\n 38.79008478723166\n ],\n [\n -77.5224494934082,\n 38.79704209139086\n ],\n [\n -77.53961563110352,\n 38.793831112316646\n ],\n [\n -77.54631042480467,\n 38.791556581282244\n ],\n [\n -77.54287719726562,\n 38.783795870358176\n ],\n [\n -77.57240295410156,\n 38.77710492428489\n ],\n [\n -77.62046813964844,\n 38.77041335043523\n ],\n [\n -77.62424468994139,\n 38.79369731838258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
http://www.cerc.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bodega Head map area is located in northern California, about 70 km north of San Francisco and about 80 km south of Point Arena. The onshore part of the map area is largely undeveloped, used primarily for recreation, farms and ranches, and a few wineries. The small town of Bodega Bay, located on the east side of Bodega Harbor, is the largest cultural center. Bodega Harbor is an important commercial fishing base and, in season, an active sport fishing and recreation harbor. Much of the coastline from Bodega Head north to about 6 km north of the Russian River is part of Sonoma Coast State Park. The Offshore of Bodega Head map area includes two California Marine Protected Areas, the Bodega Head State Marine Reserve and the northern part of the Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area. Additionally, the inland parts of two large estuaries in the map area, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, have been designated as State Marine Recreational Management Areas.
\nThe map area is cut by the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, the right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. This fault juxtaposes rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex on the northeast with Cretaceous granitic rocks on the southwest, and it has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 25 mm/yr in this area. The devastating great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault offshore of San Francisco, about 80 km south of Bodega Head, with the rupture extending northward through the Offshore of Bodega Head map area and an additional 220 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nNorth of the mouth of Salmon Creek, the coast and shoreline are rugged and scenic, characterized by flights of uplifted marine terraces, rocky promontories, nearshore sea stacks, kelp-rich coves, and both pocket beaches and longer beach strands, the latter of which include Wrights Beach and Portuguese Beach. The coast has lower relief between the mouth of Salmon Creek and Mussel Point, where South Salmon Creek Beach is backed by a large (about 4 km2) complex of coastal sand dunes. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived by southward littoral drift from the Russian River, Salmon Creek, and smaller coastal watersheds. The sediment is trapped by protruding bedrock at Mussel Point, which represents the south end of the Russian River littoral cell.
\nBodega Head is underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks, and its shoreline is variously characterized by relatively low-lying terraces, steep and high bluffs, and a few pocket beaches. East of Bodega Head, Doran Beach (part of Doran Regional Park) is a 1.7-km-long sand spit that forms the north boundary of Bodega Bay and the south boundary of Bodega Harbor. The coast south of Doran Beach on the east flank of Bodega Bay is composed of rocky bluffs, hummocky marine terraces, and a few small pocket beaches. The bluffs are underlain by sheared rocks of the Franciscan Complex and are highly susceptible to landslides. This section of coast includes two prominent watersheds, Estero Americano and Estero de San Antonio, which drain westward into Bodega Bay.
\nThe offshore part of the Offshore of Bodega Head map area is characterized by an extensive, rugged and rocky shelf underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks. This rocky terrain, centered offshore of Bodega Head, extends northwestward for about 15 km, from the south edge of the map area (where it forms the west boundary of Bodega Bay) to the northern-central part of the map area offshore of the mouth of Salmon Creek. This rocky seafloor reaches water depths of 40 to 80 m and is overlain by young sediment.
\nCirculation over the shelf and seafloor in the map area (and in the broader central California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern boundary current of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. Persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent during the fall and winter, causing the California Current to move farther offshore so that the shelf is affected by the Davidson Current, a weaker northward-flowing countercurrent. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf is commonly southeastward during the spring and summer and northwestward during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the northern California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes: the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March). During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, whereas local wind waves are most common from October to April.
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Bodega Head map area include unconsolidated continental-shelf sediments, mixed continental-shelf substrate, and hard continental-shelf substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Erdey, M.D., Greene, H.G., Cochrane, G.R., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M.W., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Watt, J.T., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chin, J.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. 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Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306396,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":306395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. 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Krigsman"},{"id":306391,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306390,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1140/ofr20151140_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Bodega Head Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bodega Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.4122\n ],\n [\n -122.9703,\n 38.2611\n ],\n [\n -123.1719,\n 38.2611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific Coast of Marin County about 10 kilometers north of the Golden Gate. The town of Bolinas, named after a local indigenous tribe, is the largest population center along this section of coast, with a population of approximately 1,600 people. Bolinas is situated at the end of a southeast-trending terrain on the west side of the San Andreas Fault that also protects a natural harbor. The harbor lies in Bolinas Lagoon, which is separated from Bolinas Bay by a spit. The coastal lands within the Offshore of Bolinas map area lie entirely within the Point Reyes National Seashore, which limits development and allows existing ranching and farming to continue.
\nThe Offshore of Bolinas map area lies offshore of the northwest-trending Coast Ranges, which lie east of, and are roughly parallel to, the San Andreas Fault Zone. The western margin of North America is the only continental margin in the world delineated largely by transform faults such as the San Andreas Fault. The coastal geomorphology is controlled by late Pleistocene to Holocene slip along the fault. Bolinas Bay and Lagoon have formed where a regional depression along the fault zone intersects the coast. A northward bend in the San Andreas Fault to the north, combined with right-lateral movement, has caused regional extension and the formation of a sediment basin on the continental shelf in, and southeast of, Bolinas Bay.
\nWith the exception of the area adjacent to Bolinas Bay, the coast in the map area consists of high coastal bluffs and vertical sea cliffs. The uplifted headland upon which the town of Bolinas is situated is part of a larger uplifted area that includes exposed bedrock offshore. Uplift in this map area has resulted in relatively shallow depths within California’s State Waters (0 to 40 m) and, thus, little accommodation space for sediment accumulation. Sediment is found in the extensional basin southeast of Bolinas, as well as on the shelf offshore of uplifted coastal areas, where, within California’s State Waters, depths can exceed 40 m. Wave energy keeps the uplifted bedrock areas clear of sediment, and rippled sediment in the outer shelf indicates some mobility.
\nCoastal sediment transport in the Offshore of Bolinas map area is characterized by north-to-south littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from ephemeral streams and local coastal erosion. Beyond California’s State Waters, canyons that incise the slope have been disconnected from coastal streams by rising sea level, which has risen about 125 m since the lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the map area, no major submarine canyons extend up past the shelf break and into the nearshore to receive littoral drift. The coastline in the map area is characterized as high risk because of its steep cliffs and large-scale landsliding. The sand spit that separates Bolinas Lagoon from Bolinas Bay is highly developed, and its homes are at risk during storms, especially those from the south.
\nThe benthic species observed in the Offshore of Bolinas map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone named either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 425 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off central California has seen a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Bolinas map area, which lies within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, range from, in the nearshore, sandy seafloor in the southeast and significant rocky outcrops that support kelp-forest communities in the northwest to, in deeper water, rocky-reef communities. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock in the northeast supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of greenling and rockfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151135","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Dartnell, P., Johnson, S.Y., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Manson, M.W., Sliter, R.W., Endris, C.A., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., Kvitek, R.G., Phillips, E.L., Bruns, T.R., and Chin, J.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. 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Edwards and others."},{"id":306371,"rank":12,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreBolinas/data_catalog_OffshoreBolinas.html","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Data Catalog","linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Bolinas, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":306366,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Mercedes D. 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Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306361,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":306369,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Bolinas Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Bolinas to Pescadero) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Ray W. Sliter, Janet T. Watt, Eleyne L. Phillips, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306367,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":306368,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Terry R. Bruns, and John L. Chin"},{"id":306365,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":306378,"rank":20,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306372,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Metadata"},{"id":306370,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Bolinas Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, H. Gary Greene, Michael W. Manson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Charles A. Endris, and Janet T. Watt"},{"id":306374,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1214/","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","description":"Open-File Report 2014–1214","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306373,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","description":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":306360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1135/ofr20151135_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1135 Pamphlet"},{"id":306415,"rank":14,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","description":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Bolinas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.9692\n ],\n [\n -122.6,\n 37.8111\n ],\n [\n -122.7842,\n 37.8111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
Population status and habitat use of yellow rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Nelson's sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni), and Le Conte's sparrows (A. leconteii) are poorly known, so standardized surveys of these species are needed to inform conservation planning and management. A protocol for monitoring secretive marsh birds exists; however, these species regularly call at night and may be missed during early morning surveys. We tested the effectiveness of autonomous recording units (hereafter, recording units) to survey these species by analyzing recorded vocalizations using bioacoustics software. We deployed 22 recording units at 54 sites in northern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, USA, and conducted traditional broadcast surveys during May–June, 2010 and 2011. We compared detection probabilities between recording units and standard monitoring protocols using robust-design occupancy models. On average, recording units detected 0.59 (SE = 0.11) fewer Le Conte's sparrows, 0.76 (SE = 0.15) fewer Nelson's sparrows, and 1.01 (SE = 0.14) fewer yellow rails per survey than were detected using the standard protocol. Detection probabilities using the standard protocol averaged 0.95 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.86–0.98), 0.93 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.78–0.98), and 0.89 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.56–0.98), but averaged 0.71 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.56–0.83), 0.61 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.42–0.78), and 0.51 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.19–0.82) using recording units. Reduced detection by recording units was likely due to the ability of human listeners to identify birds calling at greater distances. Recording units may be effective for surveying nocturnal secretive marsh birds if investigators correct for differential detectability. Reduced detectability may be outweighed by the increased spatial and temporal coverage feasible with recording units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","doi":"10.1002/wsb.569","usgsCitation":"Sidie-Slettehahl, A.M., Jensen, K.C., Johnson, R.R., Arnold, T.W., Austin, J.E., and Stafford, J.D., 2015, Evaluation of autonomous recording units for detecting 3 species of secretive marsh birds: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 39, no. 3, p. 626-634, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.569.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057612","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec8da3502f5b4f5ea0904afdd3afae75","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -93.482666015625,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -93.482666015625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ],\n [\n -98.3056640625,\n 46.604167162931844\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7eed3e4b0bc0bec09ed1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sidie-Slettehahl, Anna M.","contributorId":146412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sidie-Slettehahl","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Rex R.","contributorId":69446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":36058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70147550,"text":"sir20155060 - 2015 - A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T09:01:40","indexId":"sir20155060","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-04T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5060","title":"A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011-12","docAbstract":"Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, is a historically rural area that in recent years has experienced an increase in population and in the construction of new housing units, most of which are not connected to a centralized wastewater treatment system. Increasing water use has raised concerns about the effect of development on the available groundwater resources in the area. During 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services, used a water-budget approach to quantify the amount of potential groundwater recharge occurring from the domestic sewage (effluent) dosed to the sewage disposal field at two locations—sites A and B—in eastern Bernalillo County, N. Mex. The amount of effluent that is potentially available for groundwater recharge was determined as the mean daily volume of effluent dosed to the disposal field in excess of the mean daily volume of effluent loss from evapotranspiration from the disposal field.
\nDuring this study, the disposal fields at sites A and B received a measured volume of effluent from two-person domestic residences equipped with an onsite low-pressure dosing system. A combined evapotranspiration measurement and modeling technique was used to estimate the amount of evapotranspirative loss from the disposal field and from the surrounding terrain. A portable hemispherical flux chamber was used to measure evapotranspiration at fixed locations on the disposal fields and on the surrounding terrain at sites A and B. Data from hemispherical flux chamber measurements were used to calibrate a Penman-Monteith modeled evapotranspiration rate on the disposal field and on the surrounding terrain at site A from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, and from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2012, and at site B from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011. Micrometeorological and soil data from instrumentation on the disposal fields and on the surrounding terrain at sites A and B were used as input data into the Penman-Monteith equation. The mean potential recharge from disposal field effluent during 2011–12 at sites A and B was 63 percent of the volume of effluent dosed to the disposal field.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bernalillo County Public Works Natural Resource Services","usgsCitation":"Crilley, D.M., and Collison, J.W., 2015, A water-budget approach to estimating potential groundwater recharge from two domestic sewage disposal fields in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5060, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155060.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 32 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-035366","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/sir20155060_appendixes.xlsx","text":"Appendixes","size":"18.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2015-5060 Appendixes"},{"id":306380,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5060/sir20155060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5060"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 34.854382885097905\n ],\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 35.22094130403182\n ],\n [\n -106.13616943359375,\n 35.22094130403182\n ],\n [\n -106.13616943359375,\n 34.854382885097905\n ],\n [\n -107.1661376953125,\n 34.854382885097905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd NE, Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109
http://nm.water.usgs.gov/
As a result of pumping in excess of recharge, water levels in alluvial aquifers within the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, 130 km east of San Francisco (California, USA), declined below sea level in the early 1950s and have remained so to the present. Chloride concentrations in some wells increased during that time and exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency’s secondary maximum contaminant level of 250 mg/L, resulting in removal of some wells from service. Sources of high-chloride water include irrigation return in 16 % of sampled wells and water from delta sediments and deeper groundwater in 50 % of sampled wells. Chloride concentrations resulting from irrigation return commonly did not exceed 100 mg/L, although nitrate concentrations were as high as 25 mg/L as nitrogen. Chloride concentrations ranged from less than 100–2,050 mg/L in wells affected by water from delta sediments and deeper groundwater. Sequential electromagnetic logs show movement of high-chloride water from delta sediments to pumping wells through permeable interconnected aquifer layers. δD and δ18O data show most groundwater originated as recharge along the front of the Sierra Nevada, but tritium and carbon-14 data suggest recharge rates in this area are low and have decreased over recent geologic time. Managed aquifer recharge at two sites show differences in water-level responses to recharge and in the physical movement of recharged water with depth related to subsurface geology. Well-bore flow logs also show rapid movement of water from recharge sites through permeable interconnected aquifer layers to pumping wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrogeologists","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10040-015-1277-7","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D., Izbicki, J., and Metzger, L.F., 2015, Sources of high-chloride water and managed aquifer recharge in an alluvial aquifer in California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1515-1533, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1277-7.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1515","endPage":"1533","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041824","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1277-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25885009765625,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 38.257593120395356\n ],\n [\n -121.42913818359376,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -121.50054931640625,\n 38.27053224010455\n ],\n [\n -121.58294677734374,\n 38.225235239076824\n ],\n [\n -121.607666015625,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -121.59393310546875,\n 38.04592811939912\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 37.974514992024616\n ],\n [\n -121.46759033203125,\n 37.920367835943516\n ],\n [\n -121.42913818359376,\n 37.8553385894982\n ],\n [\n -121.40991210937499,\n 37.77722770873696\n ],\n [\n -121.39343261718749,\n 37.694687703235914\n ],\n [\n -121.30828857421875,\n 37.63380988687154\n ],\n [\n -121.19842529296875,\n 37.63380988687154\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 37.67729913640427\n ],\n [\n -120.860595703125,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -120.5474853515625,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -120.487060546875,\n 37.90736658145496\n ],\n [\n -120.42938232421874,\n 37.97234987199528\n ],\n [\n -120.47332763671874,\n 38.0545795282119\n ],\n [\n -120.55297851562499,\n 38.16047628099622\n ],\n [\n -120.64910888671876,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -120.7342529296875,\n 38.3287297527893\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 38.33519326105276\n ],\n [\n -121.00616455078124,\n 38.33088431959968\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 38.257593120395356\n ],\n [\n -121.25885009765625,\n 38.20797181420939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090b5e4b033ef521042b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, David 0000-0001-9888-1739 doleary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-1739","contributorId":139900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"David","email":"doleary@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":565032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137893,"text":"70137893 - 2015 - Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T16:34:33.45192","indexId":"70137893","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska","docAbstract":"Passive optical remote sensing of high latitude regions faces many challenges including a short acquisition season and poor illumination due to low solar elevation. Additional complications are encountered in the identification of surface minerals for mineral resource characterization because minerals of interest commonly are exposed on steep terrain, further challenging reflectance retrieval and detection of mineral signatures. On shallow slopes and flat terrain, vegetation cover can interfere with or obscure the absorption features of minerals in rock and soil. The USGS is conducting a study to examine the viability of using remote sensing techniques for identification of large-tonnage, base metal-rich deposits in Alaska.
","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2015","conferenceDate":"July 26-31, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Milan, Italy","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T.M., Graham, G., Kelly, K., Johnson, M., Hubbard, B., and Goldfarb, R., 2015, Mapping surficial minerals at high latitudes: The USGS 2014 imaging spectrometer data collection in Alaska, IGARSS 2015, Milan, Italy, July 26-31, 2015, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062384","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -140.3173828125,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -140.3173828125,\n 69.14692017504962\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 69.14692017504962\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 58.90464570302001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524ee4b0f162148c5d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Garth","contributorId":11924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Karen","contributorId":147239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela 0000-0001-6133-0247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":150010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard","contributorId":150011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard","contributorId":14409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70155243,"text":"ofr20151138 - 2015 - Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-31T09:28:01","indexId":"ofr20151138","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-30T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1138","title":"Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Located approximately 80 kilometers northwest of Anchorage, Alaska, the Susitna Basin is a complex sedimentary basin whose tectonic history has been poorly understood. Recent interpretation of two-dimensional seismic reflection data integrated with well, aeromagnetic, and gravity data provides new insights into the structural and stratigraphic nature of the basin.
\nThis report presents an interpretation of 41 two-dimensional seismic reflection lines, acquired by industry from the 1960s to the 1980s. Our interpretation of the seismic data focused mainly on picking two Eocene stratigraphic units and a presumed base of Tertiary horizon. Based on our interpretation of the seismic data, the structural features in the basin appear to be generally contractional, as evidenced by the presence of many reverse faults, thrust faults, and folds, with the contraction mainly oriented east-west. This result is contrary to prior inferences of most previous geologic studies that showed normal faults. Several regional reverse faults have been identified in the seismic data and appear to divide the basin into three regions or “sides”: east, west, and south.
\nThe eastern seismic lines show evidence of numerous short-wavelength antiforms that appear to correspond to a series of northeast-trending lineations observed in aeromagnetic data, which have been interpreted as being due to folding of Paleogene volcanic strata. The eastern side of the basin is also cut by a number of reverse faults and thrust faults, the majority of which strike north-south. The western side of the Susitna Basin is cut by a series of regional reverse faults and is characterized by synformal structures in two fault blocks between the Kahiltna River and Skwentna faults. These synforms are progressively deeper to the west in the footwalls of the east-vergent Skwentna and northeast-vergent Beluga Mountain reverse faults. Although the seismic data are limited to the south, we interpret a potential regional south-southeast-directed reverse fault striking east-northeast on the east side of the basin that may cross the entire southern portion of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151138","usgsCitation":"Lewis, K.A., Potter, C.J., Shah, A.K., Stanley, R.G., Haeussler, P.J., and Saltus, R.W., 2015, Preliminary interpretation of industry two-dimensional seismic data from Susitna Basin, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1138, 51 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151138.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 51 p.; Figures","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066228","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":306211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/ofr20151138.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1138"},{"id":306217,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1138/downloads","text":"Full-size, high-resolution figures"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 61.12201916813026\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -149.0625,\n 62.24746627771428\n ],\n [\n -149.0625,\n 61.12201916813026\n ],\n [\n -151.6552734375,\n 61.12201916813026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the East Bay Municipal Utility District, carried out an investigation of aquifer-system deformation associated with groundwater-level changes at the Bayside Groundwater Project near the modern San Francisco Bay shore in San Lorenzo, California. As a part of the Bayside Groundwater Project, East Bay Municipal Utility District proposed an aquifer storage and recovery program for 1 million gallons of water per day. The potential for aquifer-system compaction and expansion, and related subsidence, uplift, or both, resulting from aquifer storage and recovery activities were investigated and monitored in the Bayside Groundwater Project. In addition, baseline analysis of groundwater and substrata properties were performed to assess the potential effect of such activities. Chemical and physical data, obtained from the subsurface at four sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay in the San Lorenzo and San Leandro areas of the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California, were collected during the study. The results of the study were provided to the East Bay Municipal Utility District and other agencies to evaluate the chemical and mechanical responses of aquifers underlying the East Bay Plain to the future injection and recovery of imported water from the Sierra Nevada of California.
\nAmong 4 sites, 14 piezometers and 2 extensometers were installed in 6 boreholes, which ranged in depth from 460 to 1,040 feet. The lithology of drill cuttings, collected at 5- or 10-foot intervals, was described for grain size and any other noticeable features, such as wood or shell fragments. Borehole geophysical logging was performed at each site in the deepest borehole, immediately following drilling.
\nDrill-core samples, totaling 284 feet, were collected at the Bayside site. The drill-core sediment was subsampled to determine pore-water chemistry, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and physical and mechanical properties at different depths. Depositional environment and age were determined by luminescence geochronology and fossil identification. The elemental composition of the drill-core sediments was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and instrumental neutron activation by abbreviated count analysis. Mineral composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis.
\nGroundwater samples were collected from all 14 piezometers as part of either the USGS Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment or the USGS National Water Quality Assessment program for water-quality analyses. Sample analytes included nutrients, major and minor ions, trace elements, isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water, carbon-14, and tritium.
\nWater-level and aquifer-system-compaction measurements, which indicated diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, were made at the Bayside Groundwater Project site. Slug tests were performed at the Bayside piezometers and nine pre-existing wells to estimate hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds890","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Bay Municipal Utility District","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., Orlando, P., Borchers, J.W., Everett, R., Solt, M., McGann, M., Lowers, H., and Mahan, S., 2015, Lithostratigraphic, borehole-geophysical, hydrogeologic, and hydrochemical data from the East Bay Plain, Alameda County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 890, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds890.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012259","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0890/ds890.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 890"},{"id":305937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0890/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.70772645289049\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 37.70772645289049\n ],\n [\n -122.0416259765625,\n 37.62945956107554\n ],\n [\n -122.20916748046876,\n 37.62945956107554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, U.S. Geological Survey
\nCalifornia Water Science Center
\n6000 J Street, Placer Hall
\nSacramento, CA 95829
","tableOfContents":"The hybrid cyclone-nor’easter known as Hurricane Sandy affected the mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States during October 28-30, 2012, causing extensive coastal flooding. Prior to storm landfall, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed a temporary monitoring network from Virginia to Maine to record the storm tide and coastal flooding generated by Hurricane Sandy. This sensor network augmented USGS and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) networks of permanent monitoring sites that also documented storm surge. Continuous data from these networks were supplemented by an extensive post-storm high-water-mark (HWM) flagging and surveying campaign. The sensor deployment and HWM campaign were conducted under a directed mission assignment by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The need for hydrologic interpretation of monitoring data to assist in flood-damage analysis and future flood mitigation prompted the current analysis of Hurricane Sandy by the USGS under this FEMA mission assignment.
\nThe analysis of storm-tide impacts focused on three distinct but related aspects of coastal flooding from Hurricane Sandy, including flooding inland along the tidal reach of the Hudson River. These aspects are (1) comparisons of peak storm-tide elevations to those of historical storms and to annual exceedance probabilities, (2) assessments of storm-surge characteristics, and (3) comparisons of maps of inundation extent that were derived from differing amounts of available storm-tide data. Most peak storm-tide elevations from Hurricane Sandy were greater than about 9.5 feet (ft) above North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
\nPeak storm-tide elevations from Hurricane Sandy were compared with data for the intense nor’easter of December 11–13, 1992, and Hurricane Irene (August 27–28, 2011), which weakened to a tropical storm before arriving in New York. Peak storm-tide elevations from Hurricane Sandy were higher than those from the December 1992 nor’easter at 24 of 27 sites; most differences were greater than about 0.7 ft or 9 percent (above the historical storm tide). Peak storm-tide elevations from Hurricane Sandy were higher than those from Tropical Storm Irene at all sites; most differences were greater than about 2.5 ft or 48 percent. Data from permanent and temporary monitoring sites and HWM sites were compared with corresponding FEMA flood elevations for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities in New York. Peak storm-tide elevations from Hurricane Sandy had annual exceedance probabilities less than or equal to 1 percent and (or) greater than 0.2 percent at a plurality of sites—184 of 413. Peak storm-tide elevations greater than or equal to the 0.2-percent flood elevation accounted for 81 of 413 sites. Peak storm-tide elevations less than the 10-percent flood elevation accounted for only 10 of 413 sites.
\nData from selected permanent monitoring sites in the USGS and NOAA networks were used to assess storm-surge magnitude associated with the peak storm tide, and magnitude and timing of the peak storm surge. Most magnitudes of the peak storm surge were greater than about 8.3 ft, and most magnitudes of the storm surge component of the peak storm tide were greater than about 7.8 ft. Timing of peak storm surge arrival with respect to local phase of tide controlled where the most extreme peak storm-tide levels and coastal flooding occurred. This finding has bearing not only for locations impacted by the highest storm tides from Hurricane Sandy, but also for those that had the greatest storm surges yet were spared the worst flooding because of fortuitous timing during this storm.
\nResults of FEMA Hazus Program (HAZUS) flood loss analyses performed for New York counties were compared for extents of storm-tide inundation from Hurricane Sandy mapped (1) pre-storm, (2) on November 11, 2012, and (3) on February 14, 2013. The resulting depictions of estimated total building stock losses document how differing amounts of available USGS data affect the resolution and accuracy of storm-tide inundation extents. Using the most accurate results from the final (February 14, 2013) inundation extent, estimated losses range from $380 million to $5.9 billion for individual New York counties; total estimated aggregate losses are about $23 billion for all New York counties. Quality of the inundation extents used in HAZUS analyses has a substantial effect on final results. These findings can be used to inform future post-storm reconstruction planning and estimation of insurance claims.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C.E., Busciolano, Ronald, Hearn, P.P., Jr., Rahav, A.N., Behrens, Riley, Finkelstein, Jason, Monti, Jack, Jr., and Simonson, A.E., 2015, Analysis of storm-tide impacts from Hurricane Sandy in New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5036, 75 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155036.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052333","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5036/sir20155036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5036"},{"id":306207,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5036/sir20155036_printversion.pdf","text":"Report - Print Version","size":"19,468 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5036"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n -74.805908203125,\n 40.371658891506094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2045 Route 112, Building 4
Coram, NY 11727
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
Stakeholders and water-resource managers in Lincoln County, New Mexico, have had long-standing concerns over the impact of population growth and groundwater withdrawals. These concerns have been exacerbated in recent years by extreme drought conditions and two major wildfires in the upper Rio Hondo Basin, located in south-central New Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Lincoln County, initiated a study in 2006 to assess and characterize water resources in the upper Rio Hondo Basin. Data collected during water years 2010–13 are presented and interpreted in this report. All data presented in this report are described in water years unless stated otherwise.
\nAnnual mean streamflow at the Rio Ruidoso at Hollywood, N. Mex., streamflow-gaging station was less than 50 percent of the average streamflow during 2011–13 and was of similar magnitude to annual mean streamflow values measured during the drought of the 1950s. The first zero-streamflow values for the period of record (1954–2013) were recorded at the Rio Ruidoso at Hollywood, N. Mex., streamflow-gaging station on June 27–29, 2013. The lowest annual mean streamflow on record (1969–80; 1988–2013) occurred in 2011 at the Eagle Creek below South Fork near Alto, N. Mex., streamflow-gaging station, with the station recording zero streamflow for approximately 50 percent of the year.
\nDiscrete and continuous groundwater-level measurements indicated basinwide water-level declines during drought conditions in 2011–13. The average water-level change among 37 wells in which discrete groundwater-level measurements were collected was -7.6 ft from 2010 to 2013. The largest water-level declines were observed in the upper reaches of the Rio Bonito and Rio Ruidoso watersheds, and smaller declines were observed in the lower reaches of the watersheds. In general, water-level changes observed during 2010–13 were on the order of decadal-scale changes that previously have been observed in the upper Rio Hondo Basin.
\nStable-isotope data indicate that high-elevation winter precipitation generally contributes more to groundwater recharge than summer rains, except when there are large summer recharge events. This implies that little recharge is occurring at the lower elevations in the upper Rio Hondo Basin because these areas receive a smaller amount of total precipitation, receive a smaller proportion of the annual total falling as winter precipitation, and have higher average temperatures that result in more evaporative losses. Groundwater in the upper Rio Hondo Basin is a mix of younger and older water, and recharge likely is occurring primarily at higher elevations but there may be some areas where localized recharge is occurring at lower elevations.
\nSurface-water- and groundwater-quality results from samples collected in 2012–13 were examined to characterize overall chemistry and were compared to historical waterquality data from streams in the upper Rio Hondo Basin collected during 1926–57. In general, specific conductance showed an increasing trend moving eastward (downstream) through the upper Rio Hondo Basin in surface-water and groundwater samples. Surface-water and groundwater samples appear to have similar overall major-ion chemical characteristics when compared to historical water-quality data. Geology was found to influence the chemical characteristics of surface-water and groundwater samples, with relatively higher concentrations of sulfate occurring in samples collected at lower elevations in the Permian regional aquifer system.
\nSurface-water sample results also were analyzed to determine differences in unfiltered and filtered water-quality samples of streams in burned and unburned watersheds after the occurrence of the Little Bear Fire in June 2012. Samples were collected after postfire monsoon rain events and during periods of stable hydrologic conditions. The first postfire monsoon rain event in July 2012 generally produced the highest measured concentrations of selected fire-related constituents in unfiltered samples collected in the burned watersheds relative to later samples collected in burned watersheds and all samples collected in the unburned watershed. Monsoon rain events have impacted water quality by delivering larger sediment loads and fire-related constituents into streams in the upper Rio Hondo Basin.
\nChanges in climate and increased groundwater and surface-water use are likely to affect the availability of water in the upper Rio Hondo Basin. Increased drought probably will increase the potential for wildfires, which can affect downstream water quality and increase flood potential. Climate-research predicted decreases in winter precipitation may have an adverse effect on the amount of groundwater recharge that occurs in the upper Rio Hondo Basin, given the predominance of winter precipitation recharge as indicated by the stable isotope results. Decreases in surface-water supplies because of persistent drought conditions and reductions in the quality of water because of the effects of wildfire may lead to a larger reliance on groundwater reserves in the upper Rio Hondo Basin. Decreasing water levels because of increasing groundwater withdrawal could reduce base flows in the Rio Bonito and Rio Ruidoso. Well organized and scientifically supported regional water-resources management will be necessary for dealing with the likely scenario of increases in demand coupled with decreases in supply in the upper Rio Hondo Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lincoln County, New Mexico","usgsCitation":"Sherson, L.R. and Rice, S.E., 2015, Water resources during drought conditions and postfire water quality in the upper Rio Hondo Basin, Lincoln County, New Mexico, 2010–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5086, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155086.","productDescription":"vii, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058239","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305801,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5086/sir20155086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5086"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Lincoln County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.20208740234375,\n 33.40163829558248\n ],\n [\n -106.20208740234375,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n -104.70794677734374,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n -104.70794677734374,\n 33.40163829558248\n ],\n [\n -106.20208740234375,\n 33.40163829558248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5338 Montgomery Blvd NE, Suite 400
Albuquerque, NM 87109
http://nm.water.usgs.gov/
Groundwater withdrawals have caused saltwater to encroach into freshwater-bearing aquifers beneath Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The 10 aquifers beneath the Baton Rouge area, which includes East and West Baton Rouge Parishes, Pointe Coupee Parish, and East and West Feliciana Parishes, provided about 184.3 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) for public supply and industrial use in 2012. Groundwater withdrawals from the “1,200-foot” sand in East Baton Rouge Parish have caused water-level drawdown as large as 177 feet (ft) north of the Baton Rouge Fault and limited saltwater encroachment from south of the fault. The recently developed groundwater model for simulating transport in the “2,000-foot” sand was rediscretized to also enable transport simulation within the “1,200-foot” sand and was updated with groundwater withdrawal data through 2012. The model was recalibrated to water-level observation data through 2012 with the parameter-estimation code PEST and calibrated to observed chloride concentrations at observation wells within the “1,200-foot” sand and “2,000-foot” sand. The model is designed to evaluate strategies to control saltwater migration, including changes in the distribution of groundwater withdrawals and installation of scavenger wells to intercept saltwater before it reaches existing production wells.
\nSeven hypothetical scenarios predict the effects of different groundwater withdrawal options on groundwater levels and the transport of chloride within the “1,200-foot” sand and the “2,000-foot” sand during 2015–2112. The predicted water levels and concentrations for all scenarios are depicted in maps for the years 2047 and 2112. The first scenario is a base case for comparison to the six other scenarios and simulates continuation of 2012 reported groundwater withdrawals through 2112 (100 years). The second scenario that simulates increased withdrawals from industrial wells in the “1,200-foot” sand predicts that water levels will be 12–25 ft lower by 2047 and that there will be a negligible difference in chloride concentrations within the “1,200-foot” sand. The five other scenarios simulate the effects of various withdrawal schemes on water levels and chloride concentrations within the “2,000-foot” sand. Amongst these five other scenarios, three of the scenarios simulate only various withdrawal reductions, whereas the two others also incorporate withdrawals from a scavenger well that is designed to extract salty water from the base of the “2,000-foot” sand. Two alternative pumping rates (2.5 Mgal/d and 1.25 Mgal/d) are simulated in each of the scavenger-well scenarios. For the “2,000-foot” sand scenarios, comparison of the predicted effects of the scenarios is facilitated by graphs of predicted chloride concentrations through time at selected observation wells, plots of salt mass in the aquifer through time, and a summary of the predicted plume area and average concentration. In all scenarios, water levels essentially equilibrate by 2047, after 30 years of simulated constant withdrawal rates. Although predicted water-level recovery within the “2,000-foot” sand is greatest for the scenario with the greatest reduction in groundwater withdrawal from that aquifer, the scavenger-well scenarios are most effective in mitigating the future extent and concentration of the chloride plume. The simulated scavenger-well withdrawal rate has more influence on the plume area and concentration than do differences among the scenarios in industrial and public-supply withdrawal rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155083","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Capital Area Groundwater Conservation Commission; the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Public Works and Water Resources Division; and the City of Baton Rouge and Parish of East Baton Rouge","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., Lovelace, J.K., and Griffith, J.M., 2015, Simulation of groundwater flow and chloride transport in the “1,200-foot” sand with scenarios to mitigate saltwater migration in the “2,000-foot” sand in the Baton Rouge area, Louisiana (ver. 1.1, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5083, 69 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155083.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"85","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060614","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308118,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5083/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":305784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5083/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5083/sir20155083.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5083 ver1.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 31.44741029142872\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 30.372875188118016\n ],\n [\n -92.318115234375,\n 30.372875188118016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted July 16, 2015; Version 1.1: September 14, 2015","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
http://la.water.usgs.gov/
This Data Series summarizes results from July 2013 sampling in the western Alaska Range near Mount Estelle, Alaska. The fieldwork combined in situ and camp-based spectral measurements of talus/soil and rock samples. Five rock and 48 soil samples were submitted for quantitative geochemical analysis (for 55 major and trace elements), and the 48 soils samples were also analyzed by x-ray diffraction to establish mineralogy and geochemistry. The results and sample photographs are presented in a geodatabase that accompanies this report. The spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical characterization of these samples and the sites that they represent can be used to validate existing remote-sensing datasets (for example, ASTER) and future hyperspectral studies. Empirical evidence of jarosite (as identified by x-ray diffraction and spectral analysis) corresponding with gold concentrations in excess of 50 parts per billion in soil samples suggests that surficial mapping of jarosite in regional surveys may be useful for targeting areas of prospective gold occurrences in this sampling area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds943","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.R., Graham, G.E., Hubbard, B.E., and Benzel, W.M., 2015, Geospatial compilation of results from field sample collection in support of mineral resource investigations, Western Alaska Range, Alaska, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 943, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds943.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060029","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Western_Alaska_Range_samples_July2013.gdb.zip","text":"File Geodatabase","size":"656 MB","description":"DS 943 File Geodatabase"},{"id":305727,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/ds0943.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 943"},{"id":305732,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Metadata","text":"Metadata","description":"DS 943 Metadata"},{"id":305726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":305730,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/Western_Alaska_Range_samples_July2013_shp.zip","text":"Shapefiles","size":"647 MB","description":"DS 943 Shapefiles"},{"id":305731,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0943/downloads/RESULTS_data_tables","text":"Comma-delimited tables","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"DS 943 Comma-delimited tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.75,\n 61.25\n ],\n [\n -153.75,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -152.25,\n 62.5\n ],\n [\n -152.25,\n 61.25\n ],\n [\n -153.75,\n 61.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 964
Denver, CO 80225
http://crustal.usgs.gov/