Ecological effects of flooding and drying events are relatively understudied in the Neotropics and less is known about these hydrological extremes in intermittent streams. Neotropical headwater streams in Costa Rica provide opportunities to evaluate the response of macroinvertebrate communities to seasonal changes in flow regime in relatively human undisturbed systems. We quantified the effects of seasonal flow variation on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages (i.e., density, richness, and functional traits) within two headwater streams with differing hydrological regimes (i.e., intermittent versus perennial), in the Pacific North of Costa Rica. We sampled macroinvertebrates monthly over a year in riffle and pool habitats. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses indicated differences in macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and density between the two streams and riffle and pool habitats. We found that macroinvertebrates in the intermittent stream riffles had significantly higher richness during the dry season. We also found higher macroinvertebrate functional trait richness in the intermittent stream riffle habitats during the dry season. Our results may be explained by life history traits related to stream velocity preference or tolerance, short life cycles that limit exposure to disturbances, and dispersal capacities and feeding mechanisms that are dependent on water movement.
Tree-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant carbon flux within forested watersheds. Few studies have assessed the optical properties of tree-derived DOM. To increase understanding of the factors controlling tree-derived DOM quality, we measured DOM optical properties, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and calcium concentrations in throughfall and stemflow for 17 individual rain events during summer and fall in a temperate deciduous forest in Vermont, United States. DOC and calcium fluxes in throughfall and stemflow were enriched on average 4 to 70 times incident fluxes in rain. A multiway model was developed using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy to further characterize DOM optical properties. Throughfall contained a higher percentage of protein-like DOM fluorescence than stemflow while stemflow was characterized by a higher percentage of humic-like DOM fluorescence. DOM absorbance spectral slopes in yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) stemflow were significantly higher than in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stemflow. DOM optical metrics were not influenced by rainfall volume, but percent protein-like fluorescence increased in throughfall during autumn when leaves senesced. Given the potential influence of tree-derived DOM fluxes on receiving soils and downstream ecosystems, future modeling of DOM transport and soil biogeochemistry should represent the influence of differing DOM quality in throughfall and stemflow across tree species and seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x","usgsCitation":"Ryan, K.A., Adler, T., Chalmers, A.T., Perdrial, J., Sebestyen, S., Shanley, J.B., and Stubbins, A., 2023, Optical properties of dissolved organic matter in throughfall and stemflow vary across tree species and season in a temperate headwater forest: Biogeochemistry, v. 164, p. 53-72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-142839","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445339,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00985-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River Research Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.34647865583793\n ],\n [\n -72.40758066011205,\n 44.34647865583793\n ],\n [\n -72.40758066011205,\n 44.188052738709075\n ],\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.188052738709075\n ],\n [\n -72.05866635329214,\n 44.34647865583793\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Kevin A 0000-0003-1202-3616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-3616","contributorId":270682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adler, Thomas","contributorId":244156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adler","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perdrial, Julia","contributorId":190445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perdrial","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen","contributorId":298358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":64539,"text":"U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":80949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70238860,"text":"70238860 - 2023 - Hydrologic modeling of a perennial firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:34:49.215581","indexId":"70238860","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-20T06:56:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic modeling of a perennial firn aquifer in southeast Greenland","docAbstract":"A conceptual model, based on field observations and assumed physics of a perennial firn aquifer near Helheim Glacier (southeast Greenland), is evaluated via steady-state 2-D simulation of liquid water flow and energy transport with phase change. The simulation approach allows natural representation of flow and energy advection and conduction that occur in vertical meltwater recharge through the unsaturated zone and in lateral flow within the saturated aquifer. Agreement between measured and simulated aquifer geometry, temperature, and recharge and discharge rates confirms that the conceptual field-data-based description of the aquifer is consistent with the primary physical processes of groundwater flow, energy transport and phase change. Factors that are found to control simulated aquifer configuration include surface temperature, meltwater recharge rate, residual total-water saturation and capillary fringe thickness. Simulation analyses indicate that the size of perennial firn aquifers depends primarily on recharge rates from surface snowmelt. Results also imply that the recent aquifer expansion, likely due to a warming climate, may eventually produce lakes on the ice-sheet surface that would affect the surface energy balance.
The numerical estimation of the position of the water table in unconfined aquifers is important for many practical applications. Its determination through observations or analytical methods is restricted to a few cases. Therefore, it is often estimated through numerical simulations, which may be affected by numerical artifacts and/or poor stability. We use MODFLOW to estimate the position of the water table for a seemingly simple example problem and demonstrate difficulties that can be faced when performing this kind of numerical simulation. We explain the causes for the numerical challenges that originate from the properties of the mathematical equations that must be solved. Based on the results of more than 600 steady-state simulations, we show how the stability of the numerical solution can be affected by the values of physical parameters that define the problem (e.g., recharge rate, anisotropy ratio, and other parameters that control the numerical algorithm such as settings of the linear and nonlinear solution methods). Finally, we comment on some best practices to apply numerical simulations to estimate the water table position.
Holocene sediments at Emerald Lake in central Utah (3090 m asl) document the paleohydroclimatic history of the western Upper Colorado River headwater region. Multi-proxy analyses of sediment composition, mineralogy, and stable isotopes of carbonate (δ18O and δ13C) show changes in effective moisture for the past ca. 10,000 years at millennial to decadal timescales. Emerald Lake originated as a shallow, closed-basin cirque pond during the Early Holocene. By ca. 7000 cal yr BP, higher lake levels and carbonate δ18O values indicate rising effective moisture and higher proportions of summer precipitation continued at least until ca. 5500 cal yr BP when a landslide entered the lake margin. Between ca. 4500 and 2400 cal yr BP dry conditions at Emerald Lake envelop the timing of the ‘Late Holocene Dry Period’ identified at lower elevations. For the past ca. 2500 years, Emerald Lake δ18O values were relatively low, indicating wetter conditions and higher snow input (compared to rain), except for dry periods at ca. 2000 cal yr BP and during the Medieval Climate Anomaly at ca. 1000 and ca. 500 cal yr BP. Results provide a long-term perspective on precipitation extremes that influence regional water supplies from a snow-dominated catchment typical of the predominant source region for the Upper Colorado River.
A key uncertainty of empirical models of post-fire tree mortality is understanding the drivers of elevated post-fire mortality several years following fire, known as delayed mortality. Delayed mortality can represent a substantial fraction of mortality, particularly for large trees that are a conservation focus in western US coniferous forests. Current post-fire tree mortality models have undergone limited evaluation of how injury level and time since fire interact to influence model accuracy and predictor variable importance. Less severe injuries potentially serve as an indicator for vulnerability to additional stressors such as bark beetle attack or moisture stress. We used a collection of 164,293 individual tree records to examine post-fire tree mortality in eight western USA conifers: Abies concolor, A. grandis, Calocedrus decurrens, Larix occidentalis, Pinus contorta, P. lambertiana, P. ponderosa, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. We evaluated the importance of fire injury predictors on discriminating between surviving trees versus immediate and delayed post-fire mortality. We fit balanced random forest models for each species using cumulative tree mortality from 1–5-years post-fire. We compared these results to multi-class random forest models using first-year mortality, 2–5-year mortality, and survival 5-years post-fire as a response variable. Crown volume scorched, diameter at breast height, and relative bark char height, were used as predictor variables. The cumulative mortality models all predicted trees that died within 1-year of fire with high accuracy but failed to predict 2–5-year mortality. The multi-class models were an improvement but had lower accuracy for predicting 2–5-year mortality. Multi-class model accuracies ranged from 85–95% across all species for predicting 1-year post-fire mortality, 42–71% for predicting 2–5-year mortality, and 64–85% for predicting trees that lived past 5-years. Our study highlights the differences in tree species tolerance to fire injury and suggests that including second-order predictors such as beetle attack or climatic water stress before and after fire will be critical to improve accuracy and better understand the mechanisms and patterns of fire-caused tree death. Random forest models have potential for management applications such as post-fire harvesting and simulating future stand dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2760","usgsCitation":"Shearman, T.M., Varner, J., Hood, S.M., van Mantgem, P., Cansler, C.A., and Wright, M., 2023, Predictive accuracy of post-fire conifer death declines over time in models based on crown and bole injury: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 2, e2760, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2760.","productDescription":"e2760, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139321","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2760","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.7480336449919,\n 48.97503075637249\n ],\n [\n -126.7480336449919,\n 31.808209566487548\n ],\n [\n -101.34747698085148,\n 31.808209566487548\n ],\n [\n -101.34747698085148,\n 48.97503075637249\n ],\n [\n -126.7480336449919,\n 48.97503075637249\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearman, Timothy M.","contributorId":229060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shearman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":41540,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station, 13093 Henry Beadel Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32312, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varner, J. Morgan","contributorId":298476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varner","given":"J. Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":64585,"text":"Tall Timbers, Tallahassee, FL, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, Sharon M.","contributorId":221183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cansler, C. Alina","contributorId":298477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cansler","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alina","affiliations":[{"id":64587,"text":"School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, Micah C. 0000-0002-5324-1110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-1110","contributorId":229071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Micah","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70249531,"text":"70249531 - 2023 - Repeat bathymetric surveys and model simulation of sedimentation processes near fish spawning placements, Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T12:05:49.827709","indexId":"70249531","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-10T07:02:53","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Repeat bathymetric surveys and model simulation of sedimentation processes near fish spawning placements, Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, Michigan","docAbstract":"Nine rock-rubble fish spawning placements, or artificial reef complexes, constructed in the \nDetroit and St. Clair Rivers between 2004 to 2018 were surveyed periodically with multibeam \nsonar. These serial bathymetric surveys, conducted in 2015, 2018, 2021, and 2022, identified \nactive sand bedform fields impinging two reef complexes: Fighting Island in the Detroit River \nand Middle Channel in the St. Clair River delta. The spatial extent over which the bedforms \ninteracted with these reef complexes differed. The Fighting Island reef complex, which was \ncomprised of twelve reef beds oriented across the river channel, experienced partial \nsedimentation that can be attributed to the streamwise translation and lateral encroachment of \na bedform field on several of the eastern reef beds. The Middle Channel reef complex was \ncomprised of nine reef beds also oriented across the river channel. Sedimentation of the Middle \nChannel reef complex was more comprehensive compared to the Fighting Island reef complex as \nmost of the beds in the Middle Channel reef complex were within a translating bedform field. \nWe simulated the temporal evolution of reef sedimentation at the Middle Channel reef complex \nusing the Wilcock-Kenworthy (WK) two-fraction sediment transport model. In the WK \nsimulation, sand available upstream of the reef migrated into the 36-meter-long gravel reef beds \nover 10 days of model simulation. The rate of sediment infill predicted by the model was more \nrapid than the speed of bedform slip face translation measured in the field, approximately 0.3 \nmeters per day. Further, as the supply of sediment from upstream is continuous, once a reef bed \nfills with sediment it generally remains in place, although some small variations (+/- 0.2 m) in \nthe elevation of the sand overlying the reef beds were observed. Taken together, bathymetric \nsurveys and modeling could be used to identify, monitor, and simulate potential sources of \nbedload sediment that could impair the longevity of future spawning reef placements. Efforts \ndirected toward enhancement and/or maintenance of reefs impaired by sedimentation could \nbenefit from continued monitoring through periodic high-resolution bathymetric surveys, \ndetailed inspection by diving, and collection of underwater imagery.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the SEDHYD 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"May 2023","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, Missouri, USA","language":"English","publisher":"SEDHYD","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P.J., Kennedy, G.W., and Dudunake, T., 2023, Repeat bathymetric surveys and model simulation of sedimentation processes near fish spawning placements, Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, Michigan, in Proceedings of the SEDHYD 2023, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, May 2023, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147516","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/past/2023Proceedings/22.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, St. Clair River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.30276185834879,\n 42.0286133036347\n ],\n [\n -82.90725404584906,\n 42.0286133036347\n ],\n [\n -82.90725404584906,\n 42.36232360308355\n ],\n [\n -83.30276185834879,\n 42.36232360308355\n ],\n [\n -83.30276185834879,\n 42.0286133036347\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.86330873334916,\n 42.581121335761054\n ],\n [\n -82.06130678022406,\n 42.581121335761054\n ],\n [\n -82.06130678022406,\n 43.064598528454496\n ],\n [\n -82.86330873334916,\n 43.064598528454496\n ],\n [\n -82.86330873334916,\n 42.581121335761054\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudunake, Taylor 0000-0001-7650-2419 tdudunake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-2419","contributorId":191564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudunake","given":"Taylor","email":"tdudunake@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241456,"text":"70241456 - 2023 - Lake Superior Kiyi reproductive biology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T11:58:09.344621","indexId":"70241456","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-07T06:55:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Superior Kiyi reproductive biology","docAbstract":"The Lake Superior Kiyi Coregonus kiyi is an understudied species being considered for reintroduction into Laurentian Great Lakes where it no longer occurs. Herein, we provide descriptions of Kiyi reproductive biology with the intention of guiding potential gamete collections for propagation.
Data were collected on Kiyi spawning timing, spawning locations, spawning season catch rates, length at sexual maturity, sex ratios, fecundity, egg size, and larval occurrences in Lake Superior from 1996–2021. These data were compared to observations made a century prior in Lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.
Contemporary Kiyi spawning occurred between late December and late January when surface water temperatures cooled to <4°C. Spawning Kiyi were caught almost exclusively in 38.1-mm stretch mesh, as compared to larger meshes (50.8–76.2 mm). Capture depths for developing, ripe, running, and spent female Kiyi were similar and ranged from 82 to 221 m. Fifty percent of female and male Kiyi were classified as sexually mature at ~150 mm total length. Fecundity estimates ranged from 1,578 to 6,720 eggs/female. Mean diameter of unfertilized eggs was 1.7 mm. Recently hatched larval Kiyi were collected at the surface during May–July at 62 of the 113 locations sampled throughout the lake in 2019.
Our work suggests that Kiyi gamete collection efforts from mid-December through January using 38.1-mm gill-net panels set at bathymetric depths of at least 100 m would maximize the collection of spawning Kiyi and reduce the bycatch of other Coregonus species. Future research questions include the following: (1) “Do Kiyi form spawning aggregations at specific spawning areas, or do they spawn indiscriminately across the lake?”; (2) “Do Kiyi spawn near the bottom or up in the water column?”; (3) “What is the relationship between fall lake overturn and Kiyi spawn timing?”; and (4) “Could summer larval and age-0 Kiyi collections provide an opportunity for establishing a captive broodstock?”
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10389","usgsCitation":"Vinson, M., Herbert, M.E., Ackiss, A.S., Dobosenski, J.A., Evrard, L.M., Gorman, O., Lyons, J.F., Phillips, S.B., and Yule, D.L., 2023, Lake Superior Kiyi reproductive biology: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 1, p. 75-93, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10389.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-138990","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10389","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":414424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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0000-0003-0179-6533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-6533","contributorId":302071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Sydney","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":248693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70240203,"text":"70240203 - 2023 - Multi-omics responses in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings from the Maumee Area of Concern, Maumee River, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T12:41:45.918137","indexId":"70240203","displayToPublicDate":"2022-10-06T06:37:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-omics responses in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings from the Maumee Area of Concern, Maumee River, Ohio","docAbstract":"A multi-omics approach was utilized to identify altered biological responses and functions, and to prioritize contaminants to assess the risks of chemical mixtures in the Maumee Area of Concern (AOC), Maumee River, OH, USA. The Maumee AOC is designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as having significant beneficial use impairments, including degradation of fish and wildlife populations, bird or animal deformities or reproduction problems, and loss of fish and wildlife habitat. Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings were collected at five sites along the Maumee River, which included wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and industrial land-use sites. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo p dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and chlorinated pesticide concentrations were elevated in Maumee tree swallows, relative to a remote reference site, Star Lake, WI, USA. Liver tissue was utilized for non-targeted transcriptome and targeted metabolome evaluation. A significantly differentially expressed gene cluster related to a downregulation in cell growth and cell cycle regulation was identified when comparing all Maumee River sites with the reference site. There was an upregulation of lipogenesis genes, such as PPAR signaling (HMGCS2, SLC22A5), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (FASN, SCD, ELOVL2, and FADS2), and higher lipogenesis related metabolites, such as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) at two industrial land-use sites, Ironhead and Maumee, relative to WWTP sites (Perrysburg and SideCut), and the reference site. Toledo Water, in the vicinity of the other two industrial sites and also adjacent to a WWTP, showed a mix of signals between industrial land-use and WWTP land-use. PAHs, oxychlordane, and PBDEs were determined to be the most likely causes of the differentiation in biological responses, including de novo lipogenesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.
Antimony (Sb) is a valuable mined commodity, used mostly in fire retardants, and considered a critical element. It is also a potential environment hazard classed as a carcinogen. Antimony is concentrated in tailings and waste rock from Sb mines as well as other locations, such as precious metal deposits, where Sb is present in the ore but not recovered. This review covers the aqueous geochemistry, isotope chemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology of Sb in the context of mine waste. The primary minerals stibnite and sulfosalts may release Sb in surface and groundwaters and result in contamination of soils, plants, and river sediments. In some cases, Sb mobility is limited by its adsorption and incorporation into Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. At higher Sb concentrations, precipitation of Sb secondary hosts such as tripuhyite (FeSbO4, relatively insoluble) and brandholzite (Mg[Sb(OH)6]2 · 6H2O, highly soluble) influence Sb concentrations in water associated with mine waste. Although Sb is nonessential to organisms, microorganisms are involved in oxidation, reduction, and methylation processes that can drive biogeochemical transformations. Limited toxicological information about Sb makes it challenging to establish regulations or guidelines limiting the concentration of Sb. Antimony is frequently associated with arsenic in mine waste, and remediation design is often based on the assumption that both metalloids behave in a similar way. However, new research suggests that in some environments, this is not the case, and Sb should be considered based on its unique biogeochemical behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.4937","usgsCitation":"Radkova, A.B., Jamieson, H., Campbell, K.M., and Hudson-Edwards, K.A., 2023, Antimony in mine wastes: Geochemistry, mineralogy, microbiology: Economic Geology, v. 118, no. 3, p. 621-637, https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4937.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-121926","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407457,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radkova, Anezka Borcinova","contributorId":223648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radkova","given":"Anezka","email":"","middleInitial":"Borcinova","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamieson, Heather E.","contributorId":245508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":49208,"text":"Queen’s University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson-Edwards, Karen A.","contributorId":195345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson-Edwards","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70240136,"text":"70240136 - 2023 - Prioritizing pesticides of potential concern and identifying potential mixture effects in Great Lakes tributaries using passive samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-30T12:46:08.681028","indexId":"70240136","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-27T06:42:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing pesticides of potential concern and identifying potential mixture effects in Great Lakes tributaries using passive samplers","docAbstract":"To help meet the objectives of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with regard to increasing knowledge about toxic substances, 223 pesticides and pesticide transformation products were monitored in 15 Great Lakes tributaries using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. A screening-level assessment of their potential for biological effects was conducted by computing toxicity quotients (TQs) for chemicals with available US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Aquatic Life Benchmark values. In addition, exposure activity ratios (EAR) were calculated using information from the USEPA ToxCast database. Between 16 and 81 chemicals were detected per site, with 97 unique compounds detected overall, for which 64 could be assessed using TQs or EARs. Ten chemicals exceeded TQ or EAR levels of concern at two or more sites. Chemicals exceeding thresholds included seven herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, metolachlor, acetochlor, atrazine, simazine, and sulfentrazone), a transformation product (deisopropylatrazine), and two insecticides (fipronil and imidacloprid). Watersheds draining agricultural and urban areas had more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides compared with other land uses. Chemical mixtures analysis for ToxCast assays associated with common modes of action defined by gene targets and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) indicated potential activity on biological pathways related to a range of cellular processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling, endocrine function, and protection against oxidative stress. Use of gene ontology databases and the AOP knowledgebase within the R-package ToxMixtures highlighted the utility of ToxCast data for identifying and evaluating potential biological effects and adverse outcomes of chemicals and mixtures. Results have provided a list of high-priority chemicals for future monitoring and potential biological effects warranting further evaluation in laboratory and field environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:340–366. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent-dominated streams provide critical habitat for aquatic and terrestrial organisms but also continually expose them to complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals that can potentially impair growth, behavior, and reproduction. Currently, few biomarkers are available that relate to pharmaceutical-specific mechanisms of action. In the experiment reported in this paper, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at two developmental stages were exposed to water samples from three sampling sites (0.1 km upstream of the outfall, at the effluent outfall, and 0.1 km below the outfall) during base-flow conditions from two months (January and May) of a temperate-region effluent-dominated stream containing a complex mixture of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern. RNA-sequencing identified potential biological impacts and biomarkers of WWTP effluent exposure that extend past traditional markers of endocrine disruption. Transcriptomics revealed changes to a wide range of biological functions and pathways including cardiac, neurological, visual, metabolic, and signaling pathways. These transcriptomic changes varied by developmental stage and displayed sensitivity to variable chemical composition and concentration of effluent, thus indicating a need for stage-specific biomarkers. Some transcripts are known to be associated with genes related to pharmaceuticals that were present in the collected samples. Although traditional biomarkers of endocrine disruption were not enriched in either month, a high estrogenicity signal was detected upstream in May and implicates the presence of unidentified chemical inputs not captured by the targeted chemical analysis. This work reveals associations between bioeffects of exposure, stage of development, and the composition of chemical mixtures in effluent-dominated surface water. The work underscores the importance of measuring effects beyond the endocrine system when assessing the impact of bioactive chemicals in WWTP effluent and identifies a need for non-targeted chemical analysis when bioeffects are not explained by the targeted analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159069","usgsCitation":"Meade, E.B., Iwanowicz, L., Neureuther, N., LeFevre, G.H., Kolpin, D., Zhi, H., Meppelink, S.M., Lane, R.F., Schmoldt, A., Mohaimani, A., Mueller, O., and Klaper, R.D., 2023, Transcriptome signatures of wastewater effluent exposure in larval zebrafish vary with seasonal mixture composition in an effluent-dominated stream: Science of the Total Environment, v. 856, no. Part 2, 159069, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159069.","productDescription":"159069, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128563","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12503111/","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"North Liberty","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.59782409667969,\n 41.70624114327587\n ],\n [\n -91.5216064453125,\n 41.70624114327587\n ],\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mueller, Olaf","contributorId":298080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Olaf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64490,"text":"Great Lakes Genomics Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Klaper, Rebecca D.","contributorId":218114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klaper","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18038,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70256641,"text":"70256641 - 2023 - A hierarchical approach to fish conservation in semiarid landscapes: A need to understand multiscale environmental 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Coarse-scale habitat (e.g., basis) can influence both finer-scale habitat characteristics (e.g., reaches and microhabitat) and associated species distributions. Finer-scale management and habitat rehabilitation efforts can fail without the consideration of coarser-scale constraints. We provide a conceptual hierarchical framework for multiscale fish conservation strategies in the semiarid Great Plains. The Great Plains stream network is highly fragmented due to dam construction, water withdrawals, and increased drought severity. Our framework uses relationships with basin-scale connectivity and streamflow and reach-scale physicochemical characteristics in the context of aiding species reintroduction and stream habitat improvements.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River basin management: Under a changing climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"IntechOpen","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.105602","usgsCitation":"Mollenhauer, R.M., Brewer, S.K., Moore, D., Swedberg, D., and Wedgeworth, M., 2023, A hierarchical approach to fish conservation in semiarid landscapes: A need to understand multiscale environmental relationships, chap. 4 of River basin management: Under a changing climate, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105602.","ipdsId":"IP-141368","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105602","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ray, Ram L.","contributorId":21850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Ram","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panagoulia, Dionysia","contributorId":344060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panagoulia","given":"Dionysia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abeysingha, Nimal","contributorId":344061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abeysingha","given":"Nimal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mollenhauer, Robert Michael 0000-0002-4033-8685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-8685","contributorId":290165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mollenhauer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Desiree","contributorId":341451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Desiree","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swedberg, Dusty","contributorId":341452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swedberg","given":"Dusty","affiliations":[{"id":36894,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wedgeworth, Maeghen","contributorId":341453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wedgeworth","given":"Maeghen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81741,"text":"Marine Resources Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237047,"text":"70237047 - 2023 - Juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have a wide window of elevated salinity tolerance that is eventually limited during springtime warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T16:44:42.889372","indexId":"70237047","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T10:32:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have a wide window of elevated salinity tolerance that is eventually limited during springtime warming","title":"Juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have a wide window of elevated salinity tolerance that is eventually limited during springtime warming","docAbstract":"The present study examined changes in biometric characteristics, osmoregulatory capacity, and seawater (SW) tolerance of juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) throughout the varying thermal changes from late autumn to late spring. Body length, mass, and condition factor were maintained until April, when significant declines in mass and condition factor were observed to correspond with increases in temperature. Nearly 100% survival in SW was maintained through April. In May, after river and estuarine temperatures had increased, significant mortality in SW (up to 50%) was observed. After SW acclimation, plasma chloride was maintained at an elevated set point, and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was elevated. Neither parameter appeared to be affected during springtime warming. Together, these results provide a first characterization of the sustained osmoregulatory performance of juvenile sea lamprey after metamorphosis and show that the window of increased hypo-osmoregulatory performance for SW entry lasts for at least 5 months but may ultimately be limited by increases in river water temperatures in late spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0097","usgsCitation":"Shaugnessy, C.A., and McCormick, S.D., 2023, Juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have a wide window of elevated salinity tolerance that is eventually limited during springtime warming: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 80, no. 1, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0097.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-141288","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaugnessy, Ciaran A.","contributorId":206857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaugnessy","given":"Ciaran","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242663,"text":"70242663 - 2023 - Nest remains are insufficient to identify predators of waterfowl nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T11:56:37.619424","indexId":"70242663","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T06:55:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest remains are insufficient to identify predators of waterfowl nests","docAbstract":"Context: Nest predation is a leading cause of nest failure for most ground-nesting birds. Methods that allow for accurate classification of fate and identification of predators are important for understanding productivity and conservation strategies. Past studies have used a visual inspection of nest remains to determine nest fate and predict predator identity. Most formal assessments of these methods have addressed small-bodied birds nesting in trees or shrubs, and have revealed that use of evidence at nests can be relatively accurate for determining nest fate but may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding predator identity. However, few have tested the latter hypothesis for larger ground-nesting birds with precocial young.
Aim: We aimed to evaluate a classification system developed for determining nest fate and identifying predators of waterfowl nests, at both the scale of individual nests and across the study area.
Methods: From 2016 to 2020, we located 989 blue-winged teal (Spatula discors), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwall (Mareca strepera) nests in central North Dakota. We placed cameras at a subset of 249 nests and recorded evidence of nest remains at depredated nests.
Key results: The most common predators were American badgers (Taxidea taxus), followed by striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Using evidence of nest remains, we determined nest fates with high accuracy (98.0%). However, evidence of nest remains was only sufficient for identifying predators at 50% of nests, and the classification system was correct only 69.7% of the time. The predicted proportion of predators across the study area differed between the classification system and our video evidence as well.
Conclusions: The accuracy of predator identifications based upon the classification system that we evaluated was not supported at any scale.
Implications: Our results suggest that evidence of nest remains can be used to determine nest fate for large-bodied precocial, ground-nesting birds, but accurate identification of nest predators will require alternative methods such as nest cameras.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR22042","usgsCitation":"Kemink, K.M., Kuechle, K.J., Sieges, M., Krohn, S., Isaacson, C., Palarski, J., Conrad, N., Nelson, A., Liu, B., Buhl, T.K., and Ellis-Felege, S., 2023, Nest remains are insufficient to identify predators of waterfowl nests: Wildlife Research, v. 50, no. 3, p. 182-189, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22042.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"189","ipdsId":"IP-128667","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr22042","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemink, Kaylan M. 0000-0002-1404-0690","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-0690","contributorId":304103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kemink","given":"Kaylan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36215,"text":"Ducks Unlimited","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuechle, Kyle J.","contributorId":205357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuechle","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sieges, Mason L.","contributorId":304104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sieges","given":"Mason L.","affiliations":[{"id":36215,"text":"Ducks Unlimited","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krohn, Sam","contributorId":304105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krohn","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65970,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isaacson, Cailey","contributorId":304107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isaacson","given":"Cailey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65970,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Palarski, John","contributorId":304108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palarski","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65970,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conrad, Nick","contributorId":304110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrad","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65970,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nelson, Allicyn","contributorId":304111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Allicyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65970,"text":"Ducks Unlimited, University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Boyang","contributorId":274865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Boyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Buhl, Thomas K. 0000-0001-9909-3419 tbuhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-3419","contributorId":3934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Thomas","email":"tbuhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ellis-Felege, Susan N.","contributorId":244128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis-Felege","given":"Susan N.","affiliations":[{"id":17628,"text":"University of North Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70242665,"text":"70242665 - 2023 - Remote sensing evaluation of winter cover crop springtime performance and the impact of delayed termination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T11:44:01.992506","indexId":"70242665","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-16T06:41:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":684,"text":"Agronomy Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing evaluation of winter cover crop springtime performance and the impact of delayed termination","docAbstract":"In 2019, the Maryland Department of Agriculture's Winter Cover Crop Program introduced a delayed termination incentive (after May 1) to promote springtime biomass accumulation. We used satellite imagery calibrated with springtime in situ measurements collected from 2006–2021 (n = 722) to derive biomass estimates for Maryland fields planted to cereal cover crop species (286,200 ha total over two seasons). Cover crop C content remained steady throughout the cover crop growing season (42.6% of biomass), whereas N concentration had an inverse relationship with biomass and ranged from 1.7 to 2.9%. Throughout Maryland, delayed termination fields (n = 19,120; average termination of May 18) were, on average, estimated to accumulate an additional 789 kg of biomass, 15 kg of N, and 336 kg of C per hectare when compared to fields associated with standard termination dates (n = 28,811; average termination of April 16). Over two cover crop seasons (2019–2021), the delayed termination incentive yielded an extra 75,660,000 kg biomass, 1,526,000 kg N, and 32,230,000 kg C across 96,040 hectares. Regularly terminated field incentives cost an average of US$0.10 per kg of biomass and $4.09 per kg of N, with variability associated with agronomic management (species, planting method). Delayed termination fields cost of $0.08 per kg of biomass and $3.51 per kg of N. Late-planted cover crops that were terminated early had minimal environmental benefit, and wheat, which comprised 68% of cover crop area, performed poorly compared with other cereal species. Our findings demonstrate that substantial additional springtime biomass, C, and N accumulation were achieved through the delayed termination incentive.
The Glen Torridon (GT) region is positioned in terrains with strong clay mineral signatures, as inferred from orbital spectroscopy. The GT campaign confirmed orbital distinctions with in situ measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, and the CheMin X-ray diffraction instrument with of some of the highest clay mineral abundances to date. Additionally, GT is unique because of distinct phase identifications for the first time by CheMin, including: (i) Fe-carbonates, and (ii) a novel peak in the XRD patterns of some GT samples, with an interplanar spacing of at 9.2 Å. Fe-carbonates have been previously suggested from other instruments onboard, but this is the first definitive reporting by CheMin of multiple samples with Fe-carbonate. This new phase has never been observed in Gale crater with the CheMin instrument and may be a new mineral for Mars, but discrete identification still remains enigmatic because no single phase on Earth is able to account the mineralogical, geochemical, and sedimentological constraints in the GT region. Here, we modeled XRD profiles and propose an interstratified clay mineral, specifically greenalite-minnesotaite (G-M), as a reasonable candidate. The coexistence of Fe-carbonate and Fe-rich clay minerals in the GT samples, supports a conceptual model of a lacustrine groundwater mixing environment in the ancient Gale crater lake. Groundwater interaction with percolating lake waters in the sediments is common in terrestrial lacustrine settings, and the diffusion of two distinct water bodies within the subsurface can create a geochemical gradient and unique mineral front in the sediments. Ultimately, the proximity to this mixing zone controlled the secondary minerals preserved in the Jura, Knockfarril Hill, and Glasgow members of the Mt. Sharp group exposed in GT.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021JE007099","usgsCitation":"Thorpe, M.T., Bristow, T.F., Rampe, E., Tosca, N., Grotzinger, J.P., Bennett, K.A., Achilles, C., Blake, D.F., Chipera, S.J., Downs, G., Downs, R.T., Morrison, S.M., Tu, V., Castle, N., Craig, P., Des Marais, D.J., Hazen, R.M., Ming, D.W., Morris, R.V., Treiman, A.H., Vaniman, D.T., Yen, A.S., Vasavada, A.R., Dehouck, E., Bridges, J., Berger, J., McAdam, A., Peretyazhko, T., Siebach, K., Bryk, A.B., Fox, V.F., and Fedo, C.M., 2023, Mars Science Laboratory CheMin data from the Glen Torridon region and the significance of lake-groundwater interactions in interpreting mineralogy and sedimentary history: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 127, e2021JE007099, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE007099.","productDescription":"e2021JE007099, 33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132887","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gale crater, Mars","volume":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorpe, Michael T.","contributorId":261804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorpe","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":53022,"text":"Jacobs Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bristow, T. 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S.","contributorId":265233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Vasavada, A. R.","contributorId":172667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasavada","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27074,"text":"Caltech JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Dehouck, Erwin","contributorId":270386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dehouck","given":"Erwin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56160,"text":"Université de Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Bridges, J.","contributorId":330496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":78908,"text":"University Leicester","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Berger, J.O.","contributorId":248809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berger","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50021,"text":"Duke University, Department of Statistical Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"McAdam, Amy","contributorId":261807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAdam","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Peretyazhko, T.","contributorId":330497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peretyazhko","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Siebach, K.","contributorId":167502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siebach","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24729,"text":"Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Bryk, A. B.","contributorId":265239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryk","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Fox, V. F.","contributorId":330485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Fedo, Christopher M.","contributorId":229497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}} ,{"id":70238577,"text":"70238577 - 2023 - Improved method for simulating groundwater inundation using the MODFLOW 6 Lake Transport Package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-25T15:31:45.649171","indexId":"70238577","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-14T06:35:56","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for simulating groundwater inundation using the MODFLOW 6 Lake Transport Package","docAbstract":"Groundwater inundation due to sea level rise can affect island and coastal freshwater resources by exposing water tables to direct, continuous evaporation. Numerical simulations of groundwater inundation effects on coastal and island aquifers have been limited by an inability to simulate solute transport and variable density flow between the aquifer and lakes formed by groundwater inundation. Consequently, we contributed to the development of a new tool, the Lake Transport Package, for MODFLOW 6 that can calculate solute concentrations within lakes and allows for variable density flow between lakes and aquifers. Here we use groundwater inundation as an example application to showcase the functionality of the Lake Transport Package and the advantages of using this tool over past methods of representing groundwater inundation. We developed hypothetical island simulations based on hydrogeological characteristics of the Bahamas. Multiple sea level rise and lake evaporation rates were simulated to evaluate the effects of groundwater inundation on freshwater lens size for different climates. The results demonstrate the ability of the Lake Transport Package to calculate the solute concentration of the lake for transient simulations, including hypersaline concentrations. Higher sea level rise and greater lake evaporation rates lead to a greater loss of the freshwater lens and higher lake salinity. The formation of a lake and corresponding expansion due to groundwater inundation increases the loss of freshwater by 6–36%, depending on the lake evaporation rate. These simulations validate the performance and demonstrate usefulness of the Lake Transport Package as a tool in representing groundwater inundation.
Ongoing sea-level rise has brought renewed focus on terrestrial sediment supply to the coast because of its strong influence on whether and how long beaches, marshes and other coastal landforms may persist into the future. Here, we summarise findings of sediment discharge from several coastal rivers, revealing that infrequent, large-magnitude events have disproportionate influence on the morphodynamics of coastal landforms and littoral cells. These event-dominated effects are most pronounced for small, steep mountainous rivers that supply beach and wetland sediment along the world’s active tectonic margins, although infrequent events are important drivers of sediment discharge for rivers worldwide. Additionally, extreme events (recurrence intervals of decades to centuries) that follow wildfires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, extreme precipitation or – most notably – combinations of these factors can redefine coastal sediment budgets and morphology. Some of these extreme events (e.g., wildfires plus rainfall) are increasing in magnitude and frequency under modern climate warming, with the likely result of increasing sediment flux to affected coastlines. Climate change is also altering watershed processes in both high latitudes and high altitudes, resulting in increased sediment supply to downstream catchments. We conclude that sediment inputs to coastal systems are highly variable with time, and that the variability and trends in sediment input are as important to characterise as long-term averages.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13250","usgsCitation":"Fienen, M., 2023, Book review: Analytical groundwater modeling: Theory and applications using Python: Groundwater, v. 61, no. 1, p. 4-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13250.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","ipdsId":"IP-142834","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":245632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70239873,"text":"70239873 - 2023 - Exploring metapopulation-scale suppression alternatives for a global invader in a river network experiencing climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-02T17:53:13.088727","indexId":"70239873","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-01T06:42:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring metapopulation-scale suppression alternatives for a global invader in a river network experiencing climate change","docAbstract":"Invasive species can dramatically alter ecosystems, but eradication is difficult, and suppression is expensive once they are established. Uncertainties in the potential for expansion and impacts by an invader can lead to delayed and inadequate suppression, allowing for establishment. Metapopulation viability models can aid in planning strategies to improve responses to invaders and lessen invasive species’ impacts, which may be particularly important under climate change. We used a spatially explicit metapopulation viability model to explore suppression strategies for ecologically damaging invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta), established in the Colorado River and a tributary in Grand Canyon National Park. Our goals were to estimate the effectiveness of strategies targeting different life stages and subpopulations within a metapopulation; quantify the effectiveness of a rapid response to a new invasion relative to delaying action until establishment; and estimate whether future hydrology and temperature regimes related to climate change and reservoir management affect metapopulation viability and alter the optimal management response. Our models included scenarios targeting different life stages with spatially varying intensities of electrofishing, redd destruction, incentivized angler harvest, piscicides, and a weir. Quasi-extinction (QE) was obtainable only with metapopulation-wide suppression targeting multiple life stages. Brown trout population growth rates were most sensitive to changes in age 0 and large adult mortality. The duration of suppression needed to reach QE for a large established subpopulation was 12 years compared with 4 with a rapid response to a new invasion. Isolated subpopulations were vulnerable to suppression; however, connected tributary subpopulations enhanced metapopulation persistence by serving as climate refuges. Water shortages driving changes in reservoir storage and subsequent warming would cause brown trout declines, but metapopulation QE was achieved only through refocusing and increasing suppression. Our modeling approach improves understanding of invasive brown trout metapopulation dynamics, which could lead to more focused and effective invasive species suppression strategies and, ultimately, maintenance of populations of endemic fishes.
Context: Small population sizes and no possibility of metapopulation rescue put narrowly distributed endemic species under elevated risk of extinction from anthropogenic change. Desert spring wetlands host many endemic species that require aquatic habitat and are isolated by the surrounding xeric terrestrial habitat.
Aims: We sought to model the occupancy dynamics of the Dixie Valley toad (Anaxyrus williamsi), a recently described species endemic to a small desert spring wetland complex in Nevada, USA.
Methods: We divided the species’ range into 20 m × 20 m cells and surveyed for Dixie Valley toads at 60 cells during six primary periods from 2018 to 2021, following an occupancy study design. We analysed our survey data by using a multi-state dynamic occupancy model to estimate the probability of adult occurrence, colonisation, site survival, and larval occurrence and the relationship of each to environmental covariates.
Key results: The detection probabilities of adult and larval toads were affected by survey length and time of day. Adult Dixie Valley toads were widely distributed, with detections in 75% of surveyed cells at some point during the 3-year study, whereas larvae were observed only in 20% of cells during the study. Dixie Valley toad larvae were more likely to occur in cells far from spring heads with a high coverage of surface water, low emergent vegetation cover, and water temperatures between 20°C and 28°C. Adult toads were more likely to occur in cells with a greater coverage of surface water and water depth >10 cm. Cells with more emergent vegetation cover and surface water were more likely to be colonised by adult toads.
Conclusions: Our results showed that Dixie Valley toads are highly dependent on surface water in both spring and autumn. Adults and larvae require different environmental conditions, with larvae occurring farther from spring heads and in fewer cells.
Implications: Disturbances to the hydrology of the desert spring wetlands in Dixie Valley could threaten the persistence of this narrowly distributed toad.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR22029","usgsCitation":"Rose, J.P., Kleeman, P.M., and Halstead, B., 2023, Hot, wet and rare: Modelling the occupancy dynamics of the narrowly distributed Dixie Valley toad: Wildlife Research, v. 50, no. 7, p. 552-567, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22029.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"567","ipdsId":"IP-136748","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr22029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QCIC87","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS Occupancy Surveys for Dixie Valley Toads, Anaxyrus williamsi, in Churchill County, Nevada from April 2018 to May 2021"},{"id":435580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97DSXJM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code to Analyze Occupancy Data for Dixie Valley Toads, Anaxyrus williamsi in Churchill County, Nevada from 2018 to 2021"},{"id":407214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236307,"text":"70236307 - 2023 - Spatial and temporal variations in phosphorus loads in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T15:04:31.129879","indexId":"70236307","displayToPublicDate":"2022-08-27T06:57:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in phosphorus loads in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois USA","docAbstract":"Total phosphorus (TP) loads in many rivers in the north-central United States have increased, including the Illinois River at Valley City, Illinois, USA, which increased 39% from the periods 1989–1996 to 2015–2019 despite efforts to reduce loads from point and nonpoint sources. Here, we quantify long-term variations in phosphorus (P) loads in the Illinois River and its tributaries and identify factors that may be causing the variations. We calculated river loads of dissolved (DP) and particulate P (PP), total and volatile suspended solids (TSS and VSS), and other potentially related constituents at 41 locations. DP loads generally increased and PP and TSS loads generally decreased from 1989–1996 to 2015–2019. During 1989–1996, P accumulated in the lower basin between Marseilles and Valley City (excluding monitored tributaries). This portion of the basin is very flat and accumulates sediment. During 2015–2019, this section shifted from being a net sink to being a net source of P, accounting for 78% of the increased TP load at Valley City. We present evidence supporting several mechanisms that could have caused this shift: increased DP and chloride loads, reduced sulfate and nitrate concentrations influencing ionic strength and redox potential in the sediments, and increased VSS loads at Valley City possibly indicating greater algal production and contributing to hypoxia in lower river sediments. Additional research is needed to quantify the relative importance of these mechanisms.
Salinity (sodium chloride, NaCl) from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater taxa. Amphibians can be susceptible to salinity, but some species are innately or adaptively tolerant. Physiological mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear, but changes in osmoregulatory hormones such as corticosterone (CORT) and aldosterone (ALDO) are prime candidates. We exposed larval barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments (<32–4000 mg·L−1) for 24 days to test effects on growth, survival, and waterborne CORT responses. Of those sampled, we also quantified waterborne ALDO from a subset. Using a glucocorticoid antagonist (RU486), we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of salinity. There were no strong differences in survival among salinity treatments, but salinity reduced dry mass, snout–vent length, and body condition while increasing water content of larvae. High survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental concentrations. CORT signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of salinity. Baseline and stress-induced (after an acute stressor, shaking) CORT were not influenced by salinity. ALDO was correlated with baseline CORT, suggesting it could be difficult to decouple the roles of CORT and ALDO. Future studies comparing ALDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneficial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to salinity. Nevertheless, our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.