The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 212 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Chilkat, Klehini, Tsirku, and Takhin river drainages, as well as smaller drainages flowing into Chilkat and Chilkoot Inlets near Haines, Skagway Quadrangle, Southeast Alaska. Additionally some samples were also chosen from the Juneau gold belt, Juneau Quadrangle, Southeast Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
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Accordingly, global models that incorporate coupled climate–carbon cycle feedbacks made a significant advance with the introduction of a prognostic nitrogen cycle. Here we propose that incorporating phosphorus cycling represents an important next step in coupled climate–carbon cycling model development, particularly for lowland tropical forests where phosphorus availability is often presumed to limit primary production. We highlight challenges to including phosphorus in modeling efforts and provide suggestions for how to move forward.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153046","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, EROS resources for the classroom: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3046, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153046.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066015","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302315,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3046/pdf/fs2015-3046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"831 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":302316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153046.jpg"},{"id":302314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3046/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6b0e4b0b6d21dd6528e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":556681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148587,"text":"ofr20151112 - 2015 - Geology and assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources of northeastern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:57:36","indexId":"ofr20151112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1112","title":"Geology and assessment of unconventional oil and gas resources of northeastern Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, quantitatively assessed the potential for unconventional oil and gas resources within the onshore portions of the Tampico-Misantla Basin, Burgos Basin, and Sabinas Basin provinces of northeastern Mexico. Unconventional resources of the Veracruz Basin were not quantitatively assessed because of a current lack of required geological information. Unconventional resources include shale gas, shale oil, tight gas, tight oil, and coalbed gas. Undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources were assessed in Mexico in 2012.
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The methods used in this study rely on freely available data, including atmospherically corrected Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation continuous fields (VCF). The two methods include a conventional supervised signature extraction method and a unique self-calibrating method called MODIS VCF guided forest/nonforest (FNF) masking. The process chain for each of these methods includes a threshold classification of MODIS VCF, training data or signature extraction, signature evaluation, k-nearest neighbor classification, analyst-guided reclassification, and postclassification image differencing to generate forest change maps. Comparisons of all methods were based on an accuracy assessment using 500 validation pixels. Results of this accuracy assessment indicate that FNF masking had a 5% higher overall accuracy and was superior to conventional supervised classification when estimating forest change. Both methods succeeded in classifying persistently forested and nonforested areas, and both had limitations when classifying forest change.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.9.096040","usgsCitation":"Shermeyer, J.S., and Haack, B.N., 2015, Remote sensing change detection methods to track deforestation and growth in threatened rainforests in Madre de Dios, Peru: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 9, no. 1, e096040: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.9.096040.","productDescription":"e096040: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059192","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","state":"Madre de Dios","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n -13.004557745339769\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n -13.346865014577924\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n -13.090179355733726\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n -13.068776734357694\n ],\n [\n -71.12548828125,\n -13.2399454992863\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n -12.940322128384627\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n -12.661777510388525\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n -12.790374787613588\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n -12.44730485070126\n ],\n [\n -71.96044921875,\n -12.275598890561733\n ],\n [\n -72.158203125,\n -12.08229583736359\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n -11.73830237143684\n ],\n [\n -72.158203125,\n -11.005904459659451\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n -10.919617760254685\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n -10.552621801948709\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n -10.033766870069249\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n -10.941191793456534\n ],\n [\n -70.33447265624999,\n -11.027472194117934\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n -10.919617760254685\n ],\n [\n -69.5654296875,\n -10.962764256386809\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n -12.40438894466978\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n -13.004557745339769\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6b2e4b0b6d21dd6529a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shermeyer, Jacob S. 0000-0002-8143-2790 jshermeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8143-2790","contributorId":5825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shermeyer","given":"Jacob","email":"jshermeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, Barry N. bhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":4261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Barry","email":"bhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150365,"text":"70150365 - 2015 - Improving estimates of tree mortality probability using potential growth rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T09:58:08","indexId":"70150365","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving estimates of tree mortality probability using potential growth rate","docAbstract":"Tree growth rate is frequently used to estimate mortality probability. Yet, growth metrics can vary in form, and the justification for using one over another is rarely clear. We tested whether a growth index (GI) that scales the realized diameter growth rate against the potential diameter growth rate (PDGR) would give better estimates of mortality probability than other measures. We also tested whether PDGR, being a function of tree size, might better correlate with the baseline mortality probability than direct measurements of size such as diameter or basal area. Using a long-term dataset from the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., as well as existing species-specific estimates of PDGR, we developed growth–mortality models for four common species. For three of the four species, models that included GI, PDGR, or a combination of GI and PDGR were substantially better than models without them. For the fourth species, the models including GI and PDGR performed roughly as well as a model that included only the diameter growth rate. Our results suggest that using PDGR can improve our ability to estimate tree survival probability. However, in the absence of PDGR estimates, the diameter growth rate was the best empirical predictor of mortality, in contrast to assumptions often made in the literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2014-0368","usgsCitation":"Das, A., and Stephenson, N.L., 2015, Improving estimates of tree mortality probability using potential growth rate: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 45, p. 920-928, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0368.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"928","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059276","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada, Sequoia National Park, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.201416015625,\n 37.302460074782296\n ],\n [\n -120.201416015625,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -119.036865234375,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -119.036865234375,\n 37.302460074782296\n ],\n [\n -120.201416015625,\n 37.302460074782296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 36.87522650673951\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 36.87522650673951\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -119.30603027343749,\n 35.22318504970181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6b2e4b0b6d21dd65296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150465,"text":"70150465 - 2015 - Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T09:48:07","indexId":"70150465","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients","docAbstract":"Species distribution models (SDM) link species occurrence with a suite of environmental predictors and provide an estimate of habitat quality when the variable set captures the biological requirements of the species. SDMs are inherently more complex when they include components of a species' ecology such as conspecific attraction and behavioral flexibility to exploit resources that vary across time and space. Wading birds are highly mobile, demonstrate flexible habitat selection, and respond quickly to changes in habitat quality; thus serving as important indicator species for wetland systems. We developed a spatio-temporal, multi-SDM framework using Great Egret (Ardea alba), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), and Wood Stork (Mycteria Americana) distributions over a decadal gradient of environmental conditions to predict species-specific abundance across space and locations used on the landscape over time. In models of temporal dynamics, species demonstrated conditional preferences for resources based on resource levels linked to differing temporal scales. Wading bird abundance was highest when prey production from optimal periods of inundation was concentrated in shallow depths. Similar responses were observed in models predicting locations used over time, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Species clustered in response to differing habitat conditions, indicating that social attraction can co-vary with foraging strategy, water-level changes, and habitat quality. This modeling framework can be applied to evaluate the multi-annual resource pulses occurring in real-time, climate change scenarios, or restorative hydrological regimes by tracking changing seasonal and annual distribution and abundance of high quality foraging patches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0128182","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., Noonberg, E.G., and Gawlik, D.E., 2015, Linking dynamic habitat selection with wading bird foraging distributions across resource gradients: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128182.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060476","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128182","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":302361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b8e4b0b6d21dd65963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beerens, James M. 0000-0001-8143-916X jbeerens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":143722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","email":"jbeerens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noonberg, Erik G.","contributorId":143723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noonberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":15312,"text":"Florida Atlantic University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gawlik, Dale E.","contributorId":88055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawlik","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148503,"text":"sir20155082 - 2015 - Assessment of statewide annual streamflow in New Mexico, 1985-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T09:28:08","indexId":"sir20155082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5082","title":"Assessment of statewide annual streamflow in New Mexico, 1985-2013","docAbstract":"In 2014, the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute began a statewide assessment of the water resources of New Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, addressed the streamflow component of the assessment by examining streamgage data for major river basins and streams in New Mexico for the study period over water years 1985–2013 (all references to years in this report are to water years).
\nOverall, the total annual inflow to and outflow from New Mexico generally decreased over the study period. The highest annual flows for the Rio Grande occurred in 1985–87, and except at the Rio Grande below Elephant Butte Dam, N. Mex. (08361000), and Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas (08364000), streamgages, the lowest flows occurred in 2002–03. Reaches from the Colorado-New Mexico State line southward to Los Alamos, N. Mex. (reaches RG–1 through RG–4), were all gaining reaches. Based on mean annual streamflow during the study period, reaches from Los Alamos (reach RG–5) southward to El Paso (reach RG–9) were all losing reaches except for the Socorro, N. Mex., reach (reach RG–7). From 1985 to 1995, annual flows in the Red River generally were above the mean annual streamflow, but after 1995, annual flows were more frequently below the mean annual streamflow. The Rio Hondo, Rio Pueblo de Taos, and Jemez River followed similar annual trends as the Red River, but to a lesser extent, over the study period.
\nOver the study period, annual flows in the Rio Chama generally increased downstream, and after 1995, the frequency of above average annual flows decreased, and below average flows became more frequent. The Rio Chama reaches were gaining in most of the years from 1985 to 2013. The Rio Puerco annual flows, at both of the streamgages on this stream, generally decreased after 2000. Reach RP–1 was a gaining reach for 24 years of the study period.
\nIn general, Pecos River annual flows decreased substantially from the mean annual streamflow after 2000. The greatest gain on the Pecos River was estimated for the reach below Lake Sumner (reach PEC–5), which had gains in all 29 years of the study, whereas the reach from Lake Avalon southward to Red Bluff Reservoir (reach PEC–9) had losses in all 29 years. The highest flows at all streamgages on the Rio Hondo occurred in 1987; high flows there have generally decreased since 1992. Reaches from Ruidoso to below Two Rivers Reservoir, reaches RH–1 and RH–2, were losing reaches for 16 years and 28 years, respectively, over the study period.
\nThe San Juan River for the study period had some of the highest flows of any river in New Mexico, and flow on the river generally increased in the downstream direction. Annual flows at the Animas River streamgages were highly variable but after 1993, generally, tended to decrease. The extended periods of high flows on the Animas River seemed to end in 2000. Over the study period, the reach from the New Mexico border southward to Farmington, N. Mex. (reach ANI–1), generally was a losing reach except for 1987 and 1997. Annual flows at the La Plata River near Farmington, N. Mex. (09367500), streamgage generally were less than the annual inflow to the State at the La Plata River at Colorado–New Mexico State line (09366500) streamgage. Over the study period, the reach from the New Mexico border southward to Farmington (reach PLA–1) generally was a losing reach except for 1986, 1987, and 1993.
\nPrior to 1999, annual flows at Canadian River streamgages varied above and below average, but after 1999, annual flows generally were below average. The Canadian River reaches, below the confluence of the Cimarron River (reach CAN–1) and the Canadian River to Ute Reservoir (reach CAN–2), display that the upstream reach (reach CAN–1) was a gaining reach for all 29 water years but that the downstream reach (reach CAN–2) was a losing reach for all years except 2003. Annual flows for the Cimarron River varied above and below average until 1999 and then generally were below average through 2013. The Cimarron River reach, below Eagle Nest Lake to about halfway to the confluence with the Canadian River (reach CIM–1), generally was a gaining reach except for 1996, 2002, 2011, and 2013.
\nGila River annual flows varied above and below average until 2005 and thereafter generally were below average. Over the study period, the reach from the Gila River near Gila, N. Mex. (09430500), streamgage to the Gila River below Blue Creek, near Virden, N. Mex. (09432000), streamgage (reach GIL–1) was a gaining reach for all years except 1990 and 2013, while the reach from the Gila River below Blue Creek, near Virden, N. Mex. (09432000), streamgage to the Gila River near Clifton, Ariz. (09442000), streamgage (reach GIL–2) was a losing reach for all years with data except 1999.
\nThe San Francisco River annual flows were relatively high compared to other years in the study in 1985, 1991–93, 1995, and 2005 but were near or below average for the rest of the years of the study. Both reaches on the San Francisco River were gaining reaches for all 29 years of the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Affinati, J.A., and Myers, N.C., 2015, Assessment of statewide annual streamflow in New Mexico, 1985-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5082, Report: vi, 65 p.; 9 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p.; 9 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1984-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-064988","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155082.jpg"},{"id":302269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5082/pdf/sir2015-5082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":302270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5082/downloads/sir2015-5082_apps1-9.xlsx","text":"Appendixes","size":"217 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendixes","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendixes 1–9"},{"id":302265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5082/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -103.084716796875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ],\n [\n -106.622314453125,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -106.644287109375,\n 31.868227816180674\n ],\n [\n -106.490478515625,\n 31.756196257571325\n ],\n [\n -108.204345703125,\n 31.793555207271424\n ],\n [\n -108.226318359375,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 31.31610138349565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bc6afe4b0b6d21dd6528a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Affinati, Joseph Anthony jaffinati@usgs.gov","contributorId":5994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Affinati","given":"Joseph","email":"jaffinati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Nathan C. 0000-0002-7469-3693 nmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3693","contributorId":1055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Nathan","email":"nmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147999,"text":"pp1814A - 2015 - Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147999,"text":"pp1814A - 2015 - Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"pp1814A","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Hydrogeochemical Exploration: A Reconnaissance Study on Northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","title":"Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70158938,"text":"pp1814 - 2015 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15","indexId":"pp1814","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70158938,"text":"pp1814 - 2015 - Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15","indexId":"pp1814","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-10T15:02:55","indexId":"pp1814A","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1814","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Hydrogeochemical Exploration: A Reconnaissance Study on Northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","title":"Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance hydrogeochemical study employing high-resolution/high-sensitivity inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of stream and seep water samples (n= 171) was conducted in an area of limited bedrock exposure on the northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Sampling was focused in drainages around four main areas—at the Anugi Pb-Zn-Ag occurrence and in streams upstream of historically and currently mined placer gold deposits in the Candle Creek, Utica, and Monument Mountain areas. The objective of the study was to determine whether distribution of elevated metal concentrations in water samples could “see” through sediment cover and provide evidence of bedrock sources for base metals and gold. Some observations include (1) elevated Ag, As, Pb, and Zn concentrations relative to the study area as a whole in stream and seep samples from over and downstream of part of the Anugi Pb-Zn-Ag prospect; (2) abrupt downstream increases in Tl and Sb ± Au concentrations coincident with the upstream termination of productive placer deposits in the Inmachuk and Old Glory Creek drainages near Utica; (3) high K, Mo, Sb, and F throughout much of the Inmachuk River drainage near Utica; and (4) elevated As ± base metals and Au at two sites along Patterson Creek near the town of Candle and three additional contiguous sites identified when an 85th percentile cut-off was employed. Molybdenum ± gold concentrations (>90th percentile) were also measured in samples from three sites on Glacier Creek near Monument Mountain. The hydrogeochemistry in some areas is consistent with limited stream-sediment data from the region, including high Pb-Zn-Ag-As concentrations associated with Anugi, as well as historical reports of arsenopyrite-bearing veins upstream of placer operations in Patterson Creek. Chemistry of samples in the Inmachuk River-Old Glory Creek area also suggest more laterally extensive stibnite- (and gold-?) bearing veining than is currently known in the Old Glory Creek drainage. Our results indicate that hydrogeochemistry can be a useful method of geochemical exploration and offer targets for follow-up rock, soil, and subsurface sampling to ascertain the presence of mineralized bedrock.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, vol. 15 (Professional Paper 1814)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1814A","usgsCitation":"Graham, G.E., Taylor, R.D., and Buckley, S., 2015, Hydrogeochemical exploration: a reconnaissance study on northeastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1814, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1814A.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061294","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1814a.gif"},{"id":302267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1814/a/pdf/p1814-a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 67.05887024878376\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n 67.05887024878376\n ],\n [\n -160.20263671875,\n 65.47650756256367\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 65.47650756256367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Alaska Science Center staff
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Alaska Mineral Resources
Alaska Science Center
This Addendum describes new, expanded, and planned water monitoring sites in the Lake Erie drainage basin that were initiated subsequent to the preparation of Betanzo et al. (2015), the primary report with which this Addendum is associated. In addition to the new water monitoring sites, new programs have been initiated that focus on expansion of agricultural management practices to reduce nutrient transport to Lake Erie and facilitate data sharing between researchers involved with agricultural management and water-quality monitoring. This Addendum evaluates the applicability of these new monitoring sites and programs for answering the case-study policy question explored in Betanzo et al. (2015), “How effective are agricultural management practices at reducing nutrients from nonpoint sources at the watershed scale in the Lake Erie drainage basin?” The water monitoring data needs for answering the case-study policy question identified in Table 18 of Betanzo et al. (2015) were used to identify relevant monitoring sites in this Addendum, specifically focusing on total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP)1 , and streamflow data (the complete list of parameters needed appears in Table 3 of Betanzo et al. (2015)). The new information summarized in this Addendum consists of water monitoring and agricultural management activities conducted by agencies and organizations whose data were compiled in the nutrient data set described in Betanzo et al. (2015), and programs identified in public news releases. Although this information is considered to be comprehensive and complete as of February 2015, there may be other new or planned water monitoring programs, of which we are not aware, that are not included here.
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Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188824,"text":"70188824 - 2015 - Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Tonsina area, Valdez Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T12:47:31","indexId":"70188824","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Tonsina area, Valdez Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential. The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska. For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 128 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Tonsina area in the Chugach Mountains, Valdez quadrangle, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29452","collaboration":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys; Melanie B. Werdon, lead author","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M.B., Granitto, M., and Azain, J.S., 2015, Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Tonsina area, Valdez Quadrangle, Alaska, Report: 5 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/29452.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-064897","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Tonsina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.4425048828125,\n 61.60378411887294\n ],\n [\n -144.8602294921875,\n 61.60378411887294\n ],\n [\n -144.8602294921875,\n 61.88463713391431\n ],\n [\n -145.4425048828125,\n 61.88463713391431\n ],\n [\n -145.4425048828125,\n 61.60378411887294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eabe4b062508e3c7a8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":193448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Azain, Jaime S. 0000-0002-8256-7494 jsazain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":5963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime","email":"jsazain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188823,"text":"70188823 - 2015 - Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the northeastern Alaska Range, Healy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, and Tanacross quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:12:42","indexId":"70188823","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the northeastern Alaska Range, Healy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, and Tanacross quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 670 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the northeastern Alaska Range, in the Healy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, and Tanacross quadrangles, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29451","collaboration":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys; Melanie B. Werdon, lead author","usgsCitation":"Werdon, M.B., Granitto, M., and Azain, J.S., 2015, Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the northeastern Alaska Range, Healy, Mount Hayes, Nabesna, and Tanacross quadrangles, Alaska, Report: 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.14509/29451.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-064896","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hayes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.17211914062497,\n 64.46332329319623\n ],\n [\n -150.18310546875,\n 64.29229248039543\n ],\n [\n -150.27099609375003,\n 62.70942526220763\n ],\n [\n -141.48193359375,\n 62.6791861968537\n ],\n [\n -141.690673828125,\n 64.52482316878356\n ],\n [\n -150.18310546875,\n 64.62387720204688\n ],\n [\n -150.17211914062497,\n 64.46332329319623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eabe4b062508e3c7a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":193448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Azain, Jaime S. 0000-0002-8256-7494 jsazain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-7494","contributorId":5963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azain","given":"Jaime","email":"jsazain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148065,"text":"70148065 - 2015 - Biological responses to climate impacts with a focus on Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T14:09:08.886574","indexId":"70148065","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"chapter":"3","title":"Biological responses to climate impacts with a focus on Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN)","docAbstract":"This chapter reviews the responses to climate change on the 367 Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN) identified by the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee (NEFWDTC), technical experts from states’ natural resource agencies (Appendix 3.1). These species were chosen based on their conservation status, listing in SWAPs, and the percentage of their range that occurs in the Northeast. The objectives of this chapter are to: summarize how regional biodiversity has already responded and is expected to respond to climate change; summarize information on specific RSGCN species responses to climate change to date and anticipated under future scenarios; characterize the greatest uncertainties about how biodiversity and RSGCN species will respond to climate change in the future; and highlight where other factors are expected to exacerbate the effects of climate change. This information was obtained through a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature, primarily using the ISI Web of Knowledge to search for papers on each species related to “climate”, “temperature”, or “precipitation”. Although we undoubtedly missed some sources, the following allows us to review some of the ways climate change will affect regional species of conservation concern
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Our results are based on 453 rainfall records which include 8 instances of hazardous flooding and debris flow from 10 July 2012 to 14 August 2013. We objectively defined the thresholds by maximizing the number of correct predictions of debris flow or flood occurrence while minimizing the rate of both Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. The equation I = 11.6D−0.7 represents the I-D threshold (I, in mm/h) for durations (D, in hours) ranging from 0.083 h (5 min) to 1 h for basins burned by the 2012 Waldo Canyon fire. As periods of high-intensity rainfall over short durations (less than 1 h) produced all of the debris flow and flood events, real-time monitoring of rainfall conditions will result in very short lead times for early-warning. Our results highlight the need for improved forecasting of the rainfall rates during short-duration, high-intensity convective rainfall events.
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Ecological restoration must achieve functional as well as structural recovery. Functional metrics for reestablishment of trophic interactions can be used to complement traditional monitoring of structural attributes. In addition, topographic effects on food web structure provide added information within a restoration context; often, created sites may require spatial heterogeneity to effectively match structure and function of natural habitats. 2. We addressed both of these issues in our study of successional development of benthic food web structure, with focus on bottom–up driven changes in macroinvertebrate consumer assemblages in the salt marshes of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. We combined quantified estimates of the changing community composition with stable isotope data (13C:12C and 15N:14N) to compare the general trophic structure between created (2–14 years) marshes and reference sites and along topographic elevation gradients within salt marshes. 3. Macrofaunal invertebrate consumers exhibited local, habitat-specific trophic patterns. Stable isotope-based trophic structure changed with increasing marsh age, in particular with regards to mid-elevation (Salicornia) habitats. In young marshes, the mid-elevation consumer signatures resembled those of unvegetated ponds. The mid elevation of older and natural marshes had a more distinct Salicornia-zone food web, occasionally resembling that of the highest (Sarcocornia-dominated) elevation. In summary, this indicates that primary producers and availability of vascular plant detritus structure consumer trophic interactions and the flow of carbon. 4. Functionally different consumers, subsurface-feeding detritivores (Oligochaeta) and surface grazers (Hydrobia sp.), showed distinct but converging trajectories of isotopic change over time, indicating that successional development may be asymmetric between ‘brown’ (detrital) guilds and ‘green’ (grazing) guilds in the food web. 5. Synthesis and applications. Created marsh food webs converged into a natural state over about a decade, with successional shifts seen in both consumer community composition and stable isotope space. Strong spatial effects were noted, highlighting the utility of stable isotopes to evaluate functional equivalence in spatially heterogeneous systems. Understanding the recovery of functional properties such as food web support, and their inherent spatial variability, is key to planning and managing successful habitat restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12473","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, M.C., Demopoulos, A.W., Whitcraft, C., Rismondo, A., McMillan, P., Gonzales, J.P., and Levin, L.A., 2015, Food web heterogeneity and succession in created saltmarshes: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1343-1354, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12473.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1354","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056682","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12473","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Adriatic Sea, Venice Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 11.8267822265625,\n 44.94730538740607\n ],\n [\n 11.8267822265625,\n 45.696588248373764\n ],\n [\n 13.02154541015625,\n 45.696588248373764\n ],\n [\n 13.02154541015625,\n 44.94730538740607\n ],\n [\n 11.8267822265625,\n 44.94730538740607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2be4b033ef52100f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, M C","contributorId":145682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"M","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. 0000-0003-2096-4694 ademopoulos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":145681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","email":"ademopoulos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitcraft, CR","contributorId":145683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitcraft","given":"CR","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16197,"text":"California State University, Long Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rismondo, A.","contributorId":145684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rismondo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16198,"text":"SELC, Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMillan, P.","contributorId":145685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzales, J P","contributorId":145686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"J","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Levin, L A","contributorId":145687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levin","given":"L","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159662,"text":"70159662 - 2015 - Methane oxidation and molecular characterization of methanotrophs from a former mercury mine impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T10:53:37","indexId":"70159662","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5020,"text":"Microorganisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane oxidation and molecular characterization of methanotrophs from a former mercury mine impoundment","docAbstract":"The Herman Pit, once a mercury mine, is an impoundment located in an active geothermal area. Its acidic waters are permeated by hundreds of gas seeps. One seep was sampled and found to be composed of mostly CO2 with some CH4 present. The δ13CH4 value suggested a complex origin for the methane: i.e., a thermogenic component plus a biological methanogenic portion. The relatively 12C-enriched CO2 suggested a reworking of the ebullitive methane by methanotrophic bacteria. Therefore, we tested bottom sediments for their ability to consume methane by conducting aerobic incubations of slurried materials. Methane was removed from the headspace of live slurries, and subsequent additions of methane resulted in faster removal rates. This activity could be transferred to an artificial, acidic medium, indicating the presence of acidophilic or acid-tolerant methanotrophs, the latter reinforced by the observation of maximum activity at pH = 4.5 with incubated slurries. A successful extraction of sterol and hopanoid lipids characteristic of methanotrophs was achieved, and their abundances greatly increased with increased sediment methane consumption. DNA extracted from methane-oxidizing enrichment cultures was amplified and sequenced for pmoA genes that aligned with methanotrophic members of the Gammaproteobacteria. An enrichment culture was established that grew in an acidic (pH 4.5) medium via methane oxidation.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms3020290","usgsCitation":"Baesman, S., Miller, L., Wei, J.H., Cho, Y., Matys, E.D., Summons, R.E., Welander, P.V., and Oremland, R.S., 2015, Methane oxidation and molecular characterization of methanotrophs from a former mercury mine impoundment: Microorganisms, v. 3, no. 2, p. 290-309, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3020290.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065275","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3020290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Herman Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.69239425659178,\n 39.01958379846303\n ],\n [\n -122.6912784576416,\n 38.99717425427704\n ],\n [\n -122.6353168487549,\n 38.9943058537613\n ],\n [\n -122.63608932495117,\n 39.01991722020987\n ],\n [\n -122.63583183288573,\n 39.025118395874074\n ],\n [\n -122.69265174865723,\n 39.02385147807989\n ],\n [\n -122.69239425659178,\n 39.01958379846303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57651f37e4b07657d19c78d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baesman, Shaun 0000-0003-0741-8269 sbaesman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8269","contributorId":3478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"Shaun","email":"sbaesman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wei, Jeremy H.","contributorId":149899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17850,"text":"Dept of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cho, Yirang","contributorId":44112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"Yirang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matys, Emily D.","contributorId":149900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matys","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17851,"text":"Dept of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Summons, Roger E.","contributorId":57369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summons","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Welander, Paula V.","contributorId":149901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welander","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":17850,"text":"Dept of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155875,"text":"70155875 - 2015 - A call for conservation scientists to evaluate opportunities and risks from operation of vertical axis wind turbines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:00:35","indexId":"70155875","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A call for conservation scientists to evaluate opportunities and risks from operation of vertical axis wind turbines","docAbstract":"A new conservation paradigm (Kareiva and Marvier, 2012) emphasizes the need for scientists to embrace a holistic approach taking into account the social and natural dimensions of conservation in human-dominated landscapes. While there is heavy debate over the new approach (Tallis and Lubchenco, 2014), most conservation scientists seem to agree on to the need to cooperate with corporations when such interaction can benefit people and the environment (Miller et al., 2014;Tallis and Lubchenco, 2014). Cooperation can be most productive when established in the early phases of development, but this requires a high capacity for forward looking pre-emptive action (i.e., anticipating potential forthcoming issues before they arise; Sutherland and Woodroof, 2009). This framework is particularly salient for rapidly developing and expanding technologies such as those for harvesting renewable energy sources. Here the stakes are very high, as they concern mitigating negative consequences to global climate while generating energy without impacting wildlife. In this vein, past experience is instructional. The environmental impacts of biofuels and wind, among others, have been identified and evaluated rather late (Sutherland and Woodroof, 2009), so that implementation of best management practices on existing facilities is now often prohibitively expensive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2015.00068","usgsCitation":"Santangeli, A., and Katzner, T., 2015, A call for conservation scientists to evaluate opportunities and risks from operation of vertical axis wind turbines: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00068.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065321","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2015.00068","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92a9e4b05d6c4e501a3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santangeli, Andrea","contributorId":146612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santangeli","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143536,"text":"sir20155043 - 2015 - Hydraulic, geomorphic, and trout habitat conditions of the Lake Fork of the Gunnison River in Hinsdale County, Lake City, Colorado, Water Years 2010-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T16:42:39","indexId":"sir20155043","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-22T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5043","title":"Hydraulic, geomorphic, and trout habitat conditions of the Lake Fork of the Gunnison River in Hinsdale County, Lake City, Colorado, Water Years 2010-2011","docAbstract":"Channel rehabilitation, or reconfiguration, to mitigate a variety of riverine problems has become a common practice in the western United States. However, additional work to monitor and assess the channel response to, and the effectiveness of, these modifications over longer periods of time (decadal or longer) is still needed. The Lake Fork of the Gunnison River has been an area of active channel modification to accommodate the needs of the Lake City community since the 1950s. The Lake Fork Valley Conservancy District began a planning process to assess restoration options for a reach of the Lake Fork in Lake City to enhance hydraulic and ecologic characteristics of the reach. Geomorphic channel form is affected by land-use changes within the basin and geologic controls within the reach. The historic channel was defined as a dynamic, braided channel with an active flood plain. This can result in a natural tendency for the channel to braid. A braided channel can affect channel stability of reconfigured reaches when a single-thread meandering channel is imposed on the stream. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and Colorado River Water Conservation District, began a study in 2010 to quantify existing hydraulic and habitat conditions for a reach of the Lake Fork of the Gunnison River in Lake City, Colorado. The purpose of this report is to quantify existing Lake Fork hydraulic and habitat conditions and establish a baseline against which post-reconfiguration conditions can be compared. This report (1) quantifies the existing hydraulic and geomorphic conditions in a 1.1-kilometer section of the Lake Fork at Lake City that has been proposed as a location for future channel-rehabilitation efforts, (2) characterizes the habitat suitability of the reach for two trout species based on physical conditions within the stream, and (3) characterizes the current riparian canopy density.
\nThe FaSTMECH computational flow-model within MD_SWMS was selected to characterize the effects of streamflow on hydraulic and habitat-suitability conditions for a study reach of the Lake Fork. Habitat suitability was evaluated for cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) fry, juveniles, and adults. Microscale (point locations) and mesoscale (reach features) habitats were assessed using the combination of field observations, measurements, and hydraulic simulations within the study reach of the Lake Fork. Microscale trout habitat, presented as weighted usable area, generally increased as streamflow increased for both trout species and all life stages. Areas of suitable microscale habitat occur along the banks for flows of 900 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and less. Out-of-bank areas became more substantial contributors to overall habitat availability for flows of 1,300 ft3/s or more when compared to other features. Adult habitat, for both trout species, was the most abundant habitat type for nearly all streamflows. In general, the upper reach provided 2–3 times more available habitat than the lower reach for both trout species.
\nMesoscale trout habitat of the Lake Fork was assessed based on the conditions present in the 150 ft3/s flow simulation as well as field observation. Both the upper and lower reach is primarily characterized as riffle/run habitat. The presence of pool habitat was limited throughout both reaches and occurred along the channel margins. For both reaches, the pool habitat was less than 5 percent of the total wetted area, a percentage that is substantially lower than the recommendations for sustainable populations of 40–70 percent. Areas of cover were adjacent to potential drift feeding areas in the lower reach, and often occurred within the same pool habitat. This may favor energy expenditure ratios of both fish species, wherein little energy is needed to acquire adequate food sources.
\nSediment mobility is an important process for flushing fine sediments from within the gravel frameworks. Evaluations of channel and flow characteristics at cross-section locations 2–8 show a range of streambed mobility. In general, boundary shear stress and streambed mobility increase with increases in streamflow. Within the cross sections, the greatest boundary shear stress occurs towards the center of the channel. Reach-scale assessment of sediment mobility in the lower reach shows increased streambed mobility. This is due in part to smaller grain sizes in the lower reach, but may also reflect the greater extent of channel alterations, specifically the temporary berms constructed by CDOT in the late 1980s and 1990s, present in this reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155043","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and Colorado River Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.A., Richards, R.J., and Schaffrath, K.R., 2015, Hydraulic, geomorphic, and trout habitat conditions of the Lake Fork of the Gunnison River in Hinsdale County, Lake City, Colorado, Water Years 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5043, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155043.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060657","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155043.jpg"},{"id":301810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5043/"},{"id":301811,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5043/pdf/sir2015-5043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5043 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Hinsdale County","city":"Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5177001953125,\n 38.14967752360809\n ],\n [\n -107.00408935546875,\n 38.14535757293734\n ],\n [\n -107.0013427734375,\n 37.9593578107923\n ],\n [\n -107.15789794921875,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 37.55981972178116\n ],\n [\n -107.56988525390624,\n 37.55764242679522\n ],\n [\n -107.5177001953125,\n 38.14967752360809\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558923a2e4b0b6d21dd61a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147645,"text":"sir20155070 - 2015 - Management of conservation reserve program grasslands to meet wildlife habitat objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T14:38:16","indexId":"sir20155070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-22T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5070","title":"Management of conservation reserve program grasslands to meet wildlife habitat objectives","docAbstract":"Numerous studies document environmental and social benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). This report offers a synopsis of findings regarding effects of establishing CRP conservation practices on the quality and distribution of wildlife habitat in agricultural landscapes. On individual farms, year-round provision of wildlife habitat by the CRP may appear relatively insignificant. However, considered from multi-farm to National scales, such improvements in habitat and wildlife response have proven to be extensive and profound.
\nBecause CRP acres historically have been dominated by plantings of introduced and native grasses, this report focuses on issues pertaining to wildlife response to grass-dominated conservation practices. While the majority of CRP acres have been concentrated largely in the Great Plains and Corn Belt regions, 47 states (and Puerto Rico) have participated, resulting in measurable environmental benefits throughout the United States. Numerous investigations of habitat use by a wide range of wildlife species reveal that periodic management of CRP lands can enhance benefits through and beyond a typical 10 year general CRP contract.
\nOver its 28-year existence, the CRP has evolved into an effective integration of conservation and agricultural policies targeting fragile and environmentally-valuable lands. Landowners with fields enrolled in the CRP often are the first to observe improvement in the landscape, greater numbers and kinds of wildlife, cleaner water and air, less erosion, and they have the satisfaction of seeing fragile lands serve better purposes. There is persistent concern that improvement seen in wildlife habitat and other environmental profits delivered by the CRP are ephemeral and last only as long as funding supports the existence of the program and its vegetative cover is properly managed.
\nAn involved American population will continue to expect governmental policies to enhance long-term protection of natural resources and public health. Recent investigations furnish evidence that the collective economic value of environmental benefits delivered by the CRP likely exceed program costs. The mounting significance placed on environmentally-responsible land management is based in part on public recognition that social, aesthetic, and recreational values enhance the traditional uses of agricultural land.
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