We tested the hypothesis that δ13C and δ15N signatures of pectoral spines would provide measures of δ13C and δ15N similar to those obtained from fin clips for adult shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus. Thirty-two shovelnose sturgeon (fork length [FL] = 500–724 mm) were sampled from the lower Mississippi River, USA on 23 February 2013. Isotopic relationships between the two tissue types were analyzed using mixed model analysis of covariance. Tissue types differed significantly for both δ13C (P < 0.01; spine: mean = −23.83, SD = 0.62; fin clip: mean = −25.74, SD = 0.97) and δ15N (P = 0.01; spine: mean = 17.01, SD = 0.51; fin clip: mean = 17.19, SD = 0.62). Neither FL nor the FL × tissue type interaction had significant (P > 0.05) effects on δ13C. Fin clip δ13C values were highly variable and weakly correlated (r = 0.16, P = 0.40) with those from pectoral spines. We found a significant FL-tissue type interaction for δ15N, reflecting increasing δ15N with FL for spines and decreasing δ15N with FL for fin clips. These results indicate that spines are not a substitute for fin clip tissue for measuring δ13C and δ15N for shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Mississippi River, but the two tissues have different turnover rates they may provide complementary information for assessing trophic position at different time scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.12708","usgsCitation":"DeVries, R.J., and Schramm, H.L., 2015, Similarities and differences in 13C and 15N stable isotope ratios in two non-lethal tissue types from shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 474-478, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"478","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053396","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.43086829665599\n ],\n [\n -91.05949401855469,\n 33.43086829665599\n ],\n [\n -91.05949401855469,\n 33.36264966025664\n ],\n [\n -91.14669799804688,\n 33.36264966025664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950123e4b0b6d21dd6cbbe","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/jai.12708","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.12708","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"DeVries R. J., Schramm H. L.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","publicationDate":"3/21/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeVries, R. J.","contributorId":145428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVries","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, Harold L. Jr. hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":145424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155515,"text":"70155515 - 2015 - Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T10:03:50","indexId":"70155515","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout","docAbstract":"Understanding how climatic variation influences ecological and evolutionary processes is crucial for informed conservation decision-making. Nevertheless, few studies have measured how climatic variation influences genetic diversity within populations or how genetic diversity is distributed across space relative to future climatic stress. Here, we tested whether patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness) were related to climatic variation and habitat features in 130 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations from 24 watersheds (i.e., ~4–7th order river subbasins) across the Columbia River Basin, USA. We then determined whether bull trout genetic diversity was related to climate vulnerability at the watershed scale, which we quantified on the basis of exposure to future climatic conditions (projected scenarios for the 2040s) and existing habitat complexity. We found a strong gradient in genetic diversity in bull trout populations across the Columbia River Basin, where populations located in the most upstream headwater areas had the greatest genetic diversity. After accounting for spatial patterns with linear mixed models, allelic richness in bull trout populations was positively related to habitat patch size and complexity, and negatively related to maximum summer temperature and the frequency of winter flooding. These relationships strongly suggest that climatic variation influences evolutionary processes in this threatened species and that genetic diversity will likely decrease due to future climate change. Vulnerability at a watershed scale was negatively correlated with average genetic diversity (r = −0.77;P < 0.001); watersheds containing populations with lower average genetic diversity generally had the lowest habitat complexity, warmest stream temperatures, and greatest frequency of winter flooding. Together, these findings have important conservation implications for bull trout and other imperiled species. Genetic diversity is already depressed where climatic vulnerability is highest; it will likely erode further in the very places where diversity may be most needed for future persistence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12850","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R., Muhlfeld, C.C., Wade, A., Hand, B.K., Whited, D.C., DeHaan, P.W., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., and Luikart, G., 2015, Genetic diversity is related to climatic variation and vulnerability in threatened bull trout: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2510-2524, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12850.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2510","endPage":"2524","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060882","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb34e4b08400b1fdb70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan 0000-0001-5402-2123 rkovach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5402-2123","contributorId":145914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wade, Alisa A.","contributorId":145917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade","given":"Alisa A.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hand, Brian K.","contributorId":145915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hand","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whited, Diane C.","contributorId":145916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whited","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16296,"text":"University of Montana, Polson Montana 59860 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeHaan, Patrick W.","contributorId":145918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeHaan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16297,"text":"USFWS Abernathy Fish Technology Center, Longview, WA 98632","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70147394,"text":"sir20155057 - 2015 - Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T14:47:13.203498","indexId":"sir20155057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5057","title":"Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008-11: factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms","docAbstract":"Chloride (Cl-) concentrations and loads and other water chemistry characteristics were assessed to evaluate potential effects of road-deicer applications on streamwater quality in four watersheds along Interstate 95 (I–95) in southeastern Connecticut from November 1, 2008, through September 30, 2011. Streamflow and water quality were studied in the Four Mile River, Oil Mill Brook, Stony Brook, and Jordan Brook watersheds, where developed land ranged from 9 to 32 percent. Water-quality samples were collected and specific conductance was measured continuously at paired water-quality monitoring sites, upstream and downstream from I–95. Specific conductance values were related to Cl- concentrations to assist in determining the effects of road-deicing operations on the levels of Cl-in the streams. Streamflow and water-quality data were compared with weather data and with the timing, amount, and composition of deicers applied to State highways. Grab samples were collected during winter stormwater-runoff events, such as winter storms or periods of rain or warm temperatures in which melting takes place. Grab samples were also collected periodically during the spring and summer and during base-flow conditions.
\nThe estimated Cl- concentrations at the eight water-quality monitoring sites during winter storms peaked as high as 270 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended acute chloride toxicity criterion of 860 mg/L and the chronic 4-day average toxicity criterion of 230 mg/L. Cl- concentrations in streams, particularly at sites downstream from I–95, peaked during increased streamflow in the winter and early spring as a result of deicers applied to roads and washed off by stormwater or meltwater. Cl- concentrations during most of the nonwinter seasons decreased during increases in streamflow because storm runoff was more dilute than base flow. However, peaks in specific conductance and estimated chloride concentrations at streams in more urbanized watersheds corresponded to peaks in streamflow well after winter snow or ice events; these delayed peaks in Cl- concentration likely resulted from deicer residue that remained in melting snow piles and on roadsides and (or) that were flushed from soils and shallow groundwater, then discharged downstream.
\nEstimated peak Cl- concentrations varied with the type of winter storm event and were highest during or after winter storms of frozen precipitation and rain, in which the rain or meltwater effectively washed off the deicers. Estimated peak Cl- concentrations correlated positively with the duration of deicer application but generally not with streamflow. Estimated peak Cl-concentrations during the winter season were highest during low streamflow at most sites.
\nChloride concentrations varied considerably in shallow groundwater as a result of land-use differences. Cl- concentrations were very high (as high as 800 mg/L) in shallow groundwater downstream from I–95 at the Four Mile River site. Chloride/bromide mass concentration ratios and the proximity of a former landfill and sewage lagoon upstream indicate a likely source of Cl- is landfill leachate and possibly sewage leachate.
\nCl- loads in streams generally were highest in the winter and early spring. The estimated daily Cl- yield for the four monitoring sites downstream from I–95 ranged from 0.0004 ton per day per square mile for one of the least developed watersheds to 0.052 ton per day per square mile for the watershed with the highest percentage of urban development and impervious area. The estimated median contribution of Cl- load from atmospheric deposition was small and ranged from 0.07 percent of Cl- load at the Jordan Brook watershed to 0.57 percent at the Oil Mill Brook watershed. The Cl- loads in streams (outputs) were compared with Cl- load inputs, which include atmospheric deposition and deicer applications; Cl- load inputs were slightly larger than the Cl- load outputs at most of the sites during most years but do not account for the Cl- load in groundwater leaving the watersheds.
\nA multiple linear regression model was developed to describe the variability of the natural log of peak specific conductance, as well as estimated Cl- concentrations. Five significant variables best explained the variability in the natural log of the peak specific conductance after deicing events: (1) snow on ground before deicing event; (2) winter precipitation with rain; (3) specific conductance in base flow; (4) State-operated road lane miles divided by watershed area; and (5) amount of Cl- from deicers applied to State-operated roads per lane mile. In this report, winter precipitation is defined as any type of precipitation, including frozen precipitation and rain, that occurs during the active deicing season, typically November through March. Frozen precipitation is defined here as snow, sleet, freezing rain, or any winter precipitation except rain.
\nThe addition of a lane mile in both directions on I–95 would result in an estimate of approximately 2 to 11 percent increase in Cl- input from deicers applied to I–95 and other roads maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. The largest estimated increase in Cl- load was in the watersheds with the greatest number miles of I–95 corridor relative to the total lane miles maintained by Connecticut Department of Transportation. On the basis of these estimates and the estimated peak Cl- concentrations during the study period, it is unlikely that the increased use of deicers on the additional lanes would lead to Cl- concentrations that exceed the aquatic habitat criteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Connecticut Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Mullaney, J.R., Morrison, Jonathan, Martin, J.W., and Trombley, T.J., 2015, Chloride concentrations, loads, and yields in four watersheds along Interstate 95, southeastern Connecticut, 2008–11— Factors that affect peak chloride concentrations during winter storms: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5057, 68 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155057.","productDescription":"Report: x, 68 p.; Appendix; Tables","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054199","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155057.jpg"},{"id":305516,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"186 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10","linkHelpText":"Storm characteristics, weather data, and peak chloride concentrations related to deicing and melting events."},{"id":305513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/"},{"id":305517,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"198 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":305515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/attachments/sir2015-5057_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"Description of the applications of deicing materials to State-operated roads during winter storms."},{"id":305514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5057/pdf/sir2015-5057.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.3177863571168\n ],\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.32835758409141\n ],\n [\n -72.2512435913086,\n 41.32835758409141\n ],\n [\n -72.2512435913086,\n 41.3177863571168\n ],\n [\n -72.26806640624999,\n 41.3177863571168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.35593783017404\n ],\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.40900335304861\n ],\n [\n -72.14309692382811,\n 41.40900335304861\n ],\n [\n -72.14309692382811,\n 41.35593783017404\n ],\n [\n -72.18978881835936,\n 41.35593783017404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
Or visit our Web site at:
http://ct.water.usgs.gov
Beach erosion is a persistent problem along most open-ocean shores of the United States. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread, may be accelerating, and is threatening defense and energy-related infrastructure, coastal habitats, and Native communities. As coastal populations continue to expand and infrastructure and habitat are increasingly threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There also is a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline change with metrics that are consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline change so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally.
\nThis report on shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, between the U.S.-Canadian border and Icy Cape, is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports for the coasts of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the Southeast Atlantic, California, the New England and Mid-Atlantic, portions of Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest coasts of Oregon and Washington.
\nSimilar to the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, documents and describes the results of the analysis, and explains historical trends and rates of shoreline change. This Alaska shoreline change assessment differs from previously published shoreline change assessments in that: (1) only two historical shorelines (from the 1940s and 2000s eras) were available for the Alaska study area whereas four or more shorelines (from 1850 to 2002) were available for the other assessments and, thus, only end-point rates for one long-term analysis period are reported here, compared to a combination of long-term and short-term rates as reported in other studies; (2) modern (2000s era) shorelines in this study represent a visually derived land-water interface position versus an elevation based, tidally referenced shoreline position; and (3) both exposed open-ocean and sheltered mainland-lagoon shorelines and rates of change are included in this study compared to other locations where only exposed open-ocean sandy shorelines or bluff edges were evaluated. No distinction was made between sand or gravel beaches, and the base of the unconsolidated coastal bluff was considered the shoreline where no fronting beach existed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151048","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: historical change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1048, ix, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048.","productDescription":"ix, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050947","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151048.jpg"},{"id":305506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/pdf/ofr2015-1048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305507,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1030","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1030"},{"id":305493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159859,"text":"70159859 - 2015 - Bothriocephalus acheilognathi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-02T09:13:17","indexId":"70159859","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bothriocephalus acheilognathi","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Species Compendium","language":"English","publisher":"C.A.B. International","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, Oxfordshire","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., and Choudhury, A., 2015, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, chap. of Invasive Species Compendium, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065772","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/91669"},{"id":311783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5660243ae4b071e7ea544ca9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choudhury, Anindo 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":82268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"Anindo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141189,"text":"ofr20151030 - 2015 - National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:29:11","indexId":"ofr20151030","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1030","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape","docAbstract":"The Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an area of strategic economic importance to the United States, is home to remote Native communities, and encompasses unique habitats of global significance. Coastal erosion along the Arctic coast is chronic, widespread, and may be accelerating, which threatens defense- and energy-related infrastructure, natural shoreline habitats, and Native communities. There is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes across the United States. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project (hereafter referred to as the \"National Assessment project\";http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/). A comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and rates of shoreline change for Alaska, from the U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape, is presented in this report as part of the National Assessment project.
\nThere is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in section, \"Geospatial Data.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151030","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, A.E., Ohman, K.A., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1030, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151030.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053360","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151030.jpg"},{"id":305509,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/html/ofr2015-1030_title.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305510,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1048/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1048","description":"Open-File Report 2015-1048"},{"id":305494,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1030/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Cape","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 71.45515260247822\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 69.4575536150494\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 69.4575536150494\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950122e4b0b6d21dd6cbb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Ann E. 0000-0002-0883-3774 agibbs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0883-3774","contributorId":2644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Ann","email":"agibbs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohman, Karen A.","contributorId":139262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohman","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12712,"text":"Michael Baker International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70150412,"text":"ofr20151122 - 2015 - Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T09:14:40","indexId":"ofr20151122","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1122","title":"Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014","docAbstract":"In 2014, we investigated an abrupt 8.5-meter (m), right-laterally deflected stream channel located near the Greenville Fault in southeastern Alameda County, California (-121.56224° E, 37.53430° N) that we discovered using 0.5-m resolution, 2011 aerial lidar imagery flown along the active fault trace. Prior to trenching we surveyed the site using a terrestrial lidar system (TLS) to document the exact geomorphic expression of this deflected stream channel before excavating a trench adjacent to it. We trenched perpendicular to the fault hoping to document the prehistoric history of earthquake ruptures along the fault. However, the alluvial stratigraphy that we document in these trench logs shows conclusively that this trench did not expose any active fault trace. Using other local geomorphic evidence for the fault location, a straight fault scarp immediately north of this stream projects slightly upslope of the west end of our trench and may be the actual location of the active fault trace. Five radiocarbon samples establish age control for the alluvial sequence documented in the trench, which may in the future be useful in constraining the long-term slip rate of the Greenville Fault. The deflection had been caused by an abrupt nontectonic termination of unit u30, a relatively thick (0.15–0.35 m) silt that is more erosion resistant than the adjacent cohesionless sand and gravel.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151122","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., DeLong, S.B., Avdievitch, N.N., Pickering, A.J., and Guilderson, T.P., 2015, Trench logs, terrestrial lidar system imagery, and radiocarbon data from the kilometer-62 site on the Greenville Fault, southeastern Alameda County, California, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1122, 1 Sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151122.","productDescription":"1 Sheet","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-065482","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151122.gif"},{"id":305472,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/"},{"id":305504,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1122/pdf/ofr20151122.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County","otherGeospatial":"Greenville Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -121.3604736328125,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -121.7449951171875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950124e4b0b6d21dd6cbc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Avdievitch, Nikita N.","contributorId":143693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avdievitch","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":15304,"text":"University of Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tugingen, GER 72076","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guilderson, Thomas P.","contributorId":59121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148461,"text":"ofr20151113 - 2015 - Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T08:56:34","indexId":"ofr20151113","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1113","title":"Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams","docAbstract":"Assessment and management of the risks of exposure to complex chemical mixtures in streams are priorities for human and environmental health organizations around the world. The current lack of information on the composition and variability of environmental mixtures and a limited understanding of their combined effects are fundamental obstacles to timely identification and prevention of adverse human and ecological effects of exposure. This report describes the design of a field-based study of the composition and biological activity of chemical mixtures in U.S. stream waters affected by a wide range of human activities and contaminant sources. The study is a collaborative effort by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Scientists sampled 38 streams spanning 24 States and Puerto Rico. Thirty-four of the sites were located in watersheds impacted by multiple contaminant sources, including industrial and municipal wastewater discharges, crop and animal agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and other point and nonpoint contaminant sources. The remaining four sites were minimally development reference watersheds. All samples underwent comprehensive chemical and biological characterization, including sensitive and specific direct analysis for over 700 dissolved organic and inorganic chemicals and field parameters, identification of unknown contaminants (environmental diagnostics), and a variety of bioassays to evaluate biological activity and toxicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151113","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H.T., Reilly, T.J., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., Bradley, P.M., Villeneuve, D.L., and Mills, M.A., 2015, Chemical mixtures and environmental effects: a pilot study to assess ecological exposure and effects in streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1113, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151113.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064390","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151113.jpg"},{"id":305502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1113/pdf/ofr2015-1113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"880 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":305501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1113/"}],"country":"Puerto Rico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -73.47656249999999,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -69.697265625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -68.818359375,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -66.97265625,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -101.865234375,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.972900390625,\n 17.942154735291453\n ],\n [\n -65.841064453125,\n 18.01530387941711\n ],\n [\n -65.63232421875,\n 18.250219977065594\n ],\n [\n -65.6268310546875,\n 18.391017613499066\n ],\n [\n -65.9344482421875,\n 18.48481889407345\n ],\n [\n -66.7144775390625,\n 18.521283325496288\n ],\n [\n -67.203369140625,\n 18.521283325496288\n ],\n [\n -67.2857666015625,\n 18.36495262653916\n ],\n [\n -67.21435546875,\n 18.265869811558165\n ],\n [\n -67.2198486328125,\n 18.03619806341487\n ],\n [\n -67.2198486328125,\n 17.926475979176438\n ],\n [\n -66.7803955078125,\n 17.947380678685217\n ],\n [\n -65.972900390625,\n 17.942154735291453\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5595011de4b0b6d21dd6cbb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":141084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mills, Marc A.","contributorId":141085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12772,"text":"USEPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70139883,"text":"70139883 - 2015 - Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T11:29:03","indexId":"70139883","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Despite the role of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust as the source of some of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis, the history of its pre–twentieth century tsunamis is largely unknown west of the rupture zone of the great (magnitude, M 9.2) 1964 earthquake. Stratigraphy in core transects at two boggy lowland sites on Chirikof Island’s southwest coast preserves tsunami deposits dating from the postglacial to the twentieth century. In a 500-m-long basin 13–15 m above sea level and 400 m from the sea, 4 of 10 sandy to silty beds in a 3–5-m-thick sequence of freshwater peat were probably deposited by tsunamis. The freshwater peat sequence beneath a gently sloping alluvial fan 2 km to the east, 5–15 m above sea level and 550 m from the sea, contains 20 sandy to silty beds deposited since 3.5 ka; at least 13 were probably deposited by tsunamis. Although most of the sandy beds have consistent thicknesses (over distances of 10–265 m), sharp lower contacts, good sorting, and/or upward fining typical of tsunami deposits, the beds contain abundant freshwater diatoms, very few brackish-water diatoms, and no marine diatoms. Apparently, tsunamis traveling inland over low dunes and boggy lowland entrained largely freshwater diatoms. Abundant fragmented diatoms, and lake species in some sandy beds not found in host peat, were probably transported by tsunamis to elevations of >10 m at the eastern site. Single-aliquot regeneration optically stimulated luminescence dating of the third youngest bed is consistent with its having been deposited by the tsunami recorded at Russian hunting outposts in 1788, and with the second youngest bed being deposited by a tsunami during an upper plate earthquake in 1880. We infer from stratigraphy, 14C-dated peat deposition rates, and unpublished analyses of the island’s history that the 1938 tsunami may locally have reached an elevation of >10 m. As this is the first record of Aleutian tsunamis extending throughout the Holocene, we cannot estimate source earthquake locations or magnitudes for most tsunami-deposited beds. We infer that no more than 3 of the 23 possible tsunamis beds at both sites were deposited following upper plate faulting or submarine landslides independent of megathrust earthquakes. If so, the Semidi segment of the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust near Chirikof Island probably sent high tsunamis southward every 180–270 yr for at least the past 3500 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01108.1","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.R., Briggs, R.W., Dura, T., Engelhart, S.E., Gelfenbaum, G., Bradley, L., Forman, S., Vane, C.H., and Kelley, K., 2015, Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01108.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062596","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01108.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chirikof Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.61721801757812,\n 55.93304863776238\n ],\n [\n -155.55130004882812,\n 55.92150795277898\n ],\n [\n -155.51834106445312,\n 55.88763544617004\n ],\n [\n -155.5059814453125,\n 55.839855780238864\n ],\n [\n -155.50323486328125,\n 55.80205284218845\n ],\n [\n -155.54031372070312,\n 55.75725902476458\n ],\n [\n -155.59661865234375,\n 55.71550813595296\n ],\n [\n -155.70098876953122,\n 55.71164005362048\n ],\n [\n -155.8026123046875,\n 55.74334702389655\n ],\n [\n -155.830078125,\n 55.811314100800935\n ],\n [\n -155.8026123046875,\n 55.85912884568613\n ],\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 55.90149595623592\n ],\n [\n -155.6996154785156,\n 55.933817894564726\n ],\n [\n -155.61721801757812,\n 55.93304863776238\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","edition":"1172","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261497e4b0fb9a11dd7662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dura, Tina","contributorId":48482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dura","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":139003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Forman, S.L.","contributorId":38597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vane, Christopher H.","contributorId":88255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vane","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kelley, K.A.","contributorId":139004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156876,"text":"70156876 - 2015 - Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:07:37","indexId":"70156876","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","docAbstract":"Organic layers of living and dead vegetation cover the ground surface in many permafrost landscapes and play important roles in ecosystem processes. These soil surface organic layers (SSOLs) store large amounts of carbon and buffer the underlying permafrost and its contained carbon from changes in aboveground climate. Understanding the dynamics of SSOLs is a prerequisite for predicting how permafrost and carbon stocks will respond to warming climate. Here we ask three questions about SSOLs in a representative area of the Arctic Foothills region of northern Alaska: (1) What environmental factors control the thickness of SSOLs and the carbon they store? (2) How long do SSOLs take to develop on newly stabilized point bars? (3) How do SSOLs affect temperature in the underlying ground? Results show that SSOL thickness and distribution correlate with elevation, drainage area, vegetation productivity, and incoming solar radiation. A multiple regression model based on these correlations can simulate spatial distribution of SSOLs and estimate the organic carbon stored there. SSOLs develop within a few decades after a new, sandy, geomorphic surface stabilizes but require 500–700 years to reach steady state thickness. Mature SSOLs lower the growing season temperature and mean annual temperature of the underlying mineral soil by 8 and 3°C, respectively. We suggest that the proximate effects of warming climate on permafrost landscapes now covered by SSOLs will occur indirectly via climate's effects on the frequency, extent, and severity of disturbances like fires and landslides that disrupt the SSOLs and interfere with their protection of the underlying permafrost.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JG002983","usgsCitation":"Baughman, C., Mann, D., Verbyla, D.L., and Kunz, M.L., 2015, Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 6, p. 1150-1164, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002983.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064795","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg002983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 67.19551751715585\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 69.12344255014861\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 69.12344255014861\n ],\n [\n -155.01708984375,\n 67.19551751715585\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 67.19551751715585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e6cc37e4b05561fa20a02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":97441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David L.","contributorId":84611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, Michael L.","contributorId":50820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157452,"text":"70157452 - 2015 - Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T11:58:54","indexId":"70157452","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","docAbstract":"Over the last century, native trout have experienced dramatic population declines, particularly in larger river systems where habitats associated with different spawning life history forms have been lost through habitat degradation and fragmentation. The resulting decrease in life history diversity has affected the capacity of populations to respond to environmental variability and disturbance. Unfortunately, because few large rivers are intact enough to permit full expression of life history diversity, it is unclear what patterns of diversity should be a conservation target. In this study, radiotelemetry was used to identify spawning and migration patterns of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei in the upper Snake River. Individuals were implanted with radio tags in October 2007 and 2008, and monitored through October 2009. Radio-tagged cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River exhibited variation in spawning habitat type and location, migration distance, spawn timing, postspawning behavior, and susceptibility to mortality sources. Between May and July, Cutthroat Trout spawned in runoff-dominated tributaries, groundwater-dominated spring creeks, and side channels of the Snake River. Individuals migrated up to 101 km from tagging locations in the upper Snake River to access spawning habitats, indicating that the upper Snake River provided seasonal habitat for spawners originating throughout the watershed. Postspawning behavior also varied; by August each year, 28% of spring-creek spawners remained in their spawning location, compared with 0% of side-channel spawners and 7% of tributary spawners. These spawning and migration patterns reflect the connectivity, habitat diversity, and dynamic template of the Snake River. Ultimately, promoting life history diversity through restoration of complex habitats may provide the most opportunities for cutthroat trout persistence in an environment likely to experience increased variability from climate change and disturbance from invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625","usgsCitation":"Homel, K.M., Gresswell, R.E., and Kershner, J.L., 2015, Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 789-801, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"801","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057796","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59181213378906,\n 43.86423779837696\n ],\n [\n -110.56228637695312,\n 43.86720808597874\n ],\n [\n -110.53070068359375,\n 43.859286990143055\n ],\n [\n -110.50872802734374,\n 43.847403373019226\n ],\n [\n -110.50529479980469,\n 43.82858280301419\n ],\n [\n -110.51490783691406,\n 43.819170291885584\n ],\n [\n -110.54237365722656,\n 43.8043054106594\n ],\n [\n -110.56571960449219,\n 43.79290649613756\n ],\n [\n -110.57601928710938,\n 43.7755561494101\n ],\n [\n -110.60314178466795,\n 43.75646495188919\n ],\n [\n -110.62374114990234,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -110.64022064208984,\n 43.74877716506659\n ],\n [\n -110.65292358398438,\n 43.74183250878847\n ],\n [\n -110.66390991210938,\n 43.72397112179614\n ],\n [\n -110.6766128540039,\n 43.70833803832912\n ],\n [\n -110.68313598632812,\n 43.693942070030545\n ],\n [\n -110.69721221923828,\n 43.676811329698324\n ],\n [\n -110.70236206054688,\n 43.67258996139468\n ],\n [\n -110.71266174316406,\n 43.67432820783561\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 43.683763524273346\n ],\n [\n -110.69686889648438,\n 43.69642438014342\n ],\n [\n -110.69343566894531,\n 43.71106791821883\n ],\n [\n -110.67283630371092,\n 43.731414013769\n ],\n [\n -110.66665649414062,\n 43.736623487867654\n ],\n [\n -110.66665649414062,\n 43.744560862695174\n ],\n [\n -110.65052032470703,\n 43.75472908634781\n ],\n [\n -110.63644409179688,\n 43.75770482501795\n ],\n [\n -110.62786102294922,\n 43.76563940467282\n ],\n [\n -110.60726165771484,\n 43.763903805293104\n ],\n [\n -110.60039520263672,\n 43.77134173380578\n ],\n [\n -110.59730529785156,\n 43.77977026801639\n ],\n [\n -110.58906555175781,\n 43.78175327988664\n ],\n [\n -110.58528900146484,\n 43.79290649613756\n ],\n [\n -110.57945251464842,\n 43.80232314695473\n ],\n [\n -110.57052612304688,\n 43.804800966308385\n ],\n [\n -110.56503295898438,\n 43.80455318899776\n ],\n [\n -110.56537628173828,\n 43.81173831375078\n ],\n [\n -110.55370330810547,\n 43.81396800431213\n ],\n [\n -110.5392837524414,\n 43.819418008560156\n ],\n [\n -110.53688049316406,\n 43.8278397639872\n ],\n [\n -110.52623748779297,\n 43.8330408429302\n ],\n [\n -110.51971435546875,\n 43.83675562182278\n ],\n [\n -110.52383422851561,\n 43.84443209873527\n ],\n [\n -110.5399703979492,\n 43.846412964702395\n ],\n [\n -110.5495834350586,\n 43.8533454775848\n ],\n [\n -110.55850982666016,\n 43.854830911225235\n ],\n [\n -110.56983947753906,\n 43.85755411013405\n ],\n [\n -110.58460235595703,\n 43.85606874432798\n ],\n [\n -110.58975219726562,\n 43.85557361417025\n ],\n [\n -110.59181213378906,\n 43.86423779837696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ecee4b058f706e512e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homel, Kristen M.","contributorId":147915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homel","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16955,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191255,"text":"70191255 - 2015 - The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:08:03.94424","indexId":"70191255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km2, 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3) a deeper sample from the soil C-horizon or, if the top of the C-horizon was at a depth greater than 100 cm, from a depth of approximately 80–100 cm. The < 2 mm fraction of each sample was analysed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements following near-total multi-acid digestion. The major mineralogical components in samples from the soil A- and C-horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling ended in 2010 and chemical and mineralogical analyses were completed in May 2013. Maps of the conterminous United States showing predicted element and mineral concentrations were interpolated from actual soil data for each soil sample type by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique using ArcGIS software. Regional- and national-scale map patterns for selected elements and minerals apparent in interpolated maps are described here in the context of soil-forming factors and possible human inputs. These patterns can be related to (1) soil parent materials, for example, in the distribution of quartz, (2) climate impacts, for example, in the distribution of feldspar and kaolinite, (3) soil age, for example, in the distribution of carbonate in young glacial deposits, and (4) possible anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) to surface soil. This new geochemical and mineralogical data set for the conterminous United States represents a major step forward from prior national-scale soil geochemistry data and provides a robust soil data framework for the United States now and into the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.006","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Smith, D.B., and Solano, F., 2015, The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 154, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-054587","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-76.019261,36.503506],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.038648,35.065045],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.726969,34.69669],[-77.169701,34.622023],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.163581,29.55529],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.720395,27.937199],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.686423,29.923735],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-88.028401,30.221132],[-87.755263,30.277292],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.136173,30.320729],[-88.841328,30.409598],[-89.291444,30.303296],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.857558,30.004439],[-89.660568,29.862909],[-89.481926,30.079128],[-89.372375,30.054729],[-89.433411,29.991205],[-89.368019,29.911491],[-89.218071,29.97275],[-89.322289,29.887333],[-89.236298,29.877081],[-89.383789,29.838928],[-89.271034,29.756355],[-89.651237,29.749479],[-89.485367,29.624357],[-89.688141,29.615055],[-89.700501,29.515967],[-89.508551,29.386168],[-89.189354,29.345061],[-89.000674,29.180091],[-89.41148,28.925011],[-89.354798,29.072543],[-89.482844,29.215053],[-89.850305,29.311768],[-89.849642,29.477996],[-90.01251,29.462775],[-90.009678,29.294785],[-90.096038,29.240673],[-89.949925,29.263154],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.348768,29.057817],[-90.234235,29.110268],[-90.271251,29.204639],[-90.332796,29.276956],[-90.472489,29.192688],[-90.510555,29.290925],[-90.803699,29.063709],[-90.637495,29.066608],[-90.839345,29.039167],[-90.961278,29.180817],[-91.278792,29.247776],[-91.33275,29.305816],[-91.221166,29.436421],[-91.531021,29.531543],[-91.553537,29.632766],[-91.648941,29.633635],[-91.632829,29.742576],[-91.88075,29.710839],[-91.889118,29.836023],[-92.149349,29.697052],[-91.712002,29.56474],[-91.782387,29.482882],[-92.046316,29.584362],[-92.61627,29.578729],[-93.267456,29.778113],[-94.056506,29.671163],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.779674,29.530533],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.018253,29.554885],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-96.228909,28.580873],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.648758,28.709627],[-96.403973,28.44245],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.775985,28.405809],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.022806,28.107588],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.639094,27.253131],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.295072,26.108342],[-97.216954,25.993838],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.649176,26.021499],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-99.085126,26.398782],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.512219,27.568094],[-99.841708,27.766464],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-100.293468,28.278475],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-103.115328,28.98527],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.207837,31.468188],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.408601,40.443201],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.332699,48.11297],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.858735,47.167955],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.750952,46.890293],[-90.951476,46.597033],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.436512,46.561748],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-87.929672,47.478743],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.142807,46.966302],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.698139,46.438624],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-84.989497,46.772403],[-85.015211,46.479712],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.251424,46.175888],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-85.01399,46.010774],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.609784,44.838514],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-87.066033,41.661845],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.297168,42.358207],[-86.208654,42.69209],[-86.254646,43.083409],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.254996,44.691935],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.576566,44.760208],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-85.014509,45.760329],[-84.726192,45.786905],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.454168,45.03188],[-83.274747,44.714893],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.666052,43.591292],[-83.26153,43.973525],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.288892,41.758945],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-71.296509,45.29919],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.789461,47.062544],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.214205,43.935583],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.361214,43.52919],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-72.916827,41.282033],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.195382,38.093582],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.906734,37.114193],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.19343,38.821787],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.281374,39.304531],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.394358,39.01216],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.12634,38.6177],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.867044,36.550754]],[[-77.038598,38.791513],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.038598,38.791513]]],[[[-88.124658,30.28364],[-88.075856,30.246139],[-88.313323,30.230024],[-88.124658,30.28364]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.425483,24.752989],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.097082,29.625215],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.013913,26.452058],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-88.865067,29.752714],[-88.944435,29.658806],[-88.8312,29.878839],[-88.881454,30.053202],[-88.865067,29.752714]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-88.710719,30.250799],[-88.562067,30.227476],[-88.771991,30.245523],[-88.710719,30.250799]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.803521,48.428748],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"154","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35029e4b05fe04cc34d6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":138565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850 fsolanoc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":4302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","email":"fsolanoc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155921,"text":"70155921 - 2015 - Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:20:17","indexId":"70155921","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga","docAbstract":"Mesoproterozoic sedimentary basins in western North America provide key constraints on pre-Rodinia craton positions and interactions along the western rifted margin of Laurentia. One such basin, the Belt-Purcell basin, extends from southern Idaho into southern British Columbia and contains a >18-km-thick succession of siliciclastic sediment deposited ca. 1.47–1.40 Ga. The ca. 1.47–1.45 Ga lower part of the succession contains abundant distinctive non-Laurentian 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircon populations derived from exotic cratonic sources. Contemporaneous metasedimentary successions in the southwestern United States–the Trampas and Yankee Joe basins in Arizona and New Mexico–also contain abundant 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircons. Similarities in depositional age and distinctive non-Laurentian detrital zircon populations suggest that both the Belt-Purcell and southwestern successions record sedimentary and tectonic linkages between western Laurentia and one or more cratons including North Australia, South Australia, and (or) East Antarctica. At ca. 1.45 Ga, both the Belt-Purcell and southwest successions underwent major sedimentological changes, with a pronounced shift to Laurentian provenance and the disappearance of the 1.61–1.50 Ga detrital zircon. Upper Belt-Purcell strata contain strongly unimodal ca. 1.73 Ga detrital zircon age populations that match the detrital zircon signature of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Yavapai province to the south and southeast. We propose that the shift at ca. 1.45 Ga records the onset of orogenesis in southern Laurentia coeval with rifting along its northwestern margin. Bedrock uplift associated with orogenesis and widespread, coeval magmatism caused extensive exhumation and erosion of the Yavapai province ca. 1.45–1.36 Ga, providing a voluminous and areally extensive sediment source–with suitable zircon ages–during upper Belt deposition. This model provides a comprehensive and integrated view of the Mesoproterozoic tectonic evolution of western Laurentia and its position within the supercontinent Columbia as it evolved into Rodinia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/L438.1","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.V., Dainel, C.G., and Doe, M., 2015, Tectonic and sedimentary linkages between the Belt-Purcell basin and southwestern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1.60-1.40 Ga: Lithosphere, v. 7, no. 4, p. 465-472, https://doi.org/10.1130/L438.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058162","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/l438.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbde4b08400b1fe143f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dainel, Christohper G","contributorId":146260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dainel","given":"Christohper","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":16651,"text":"Bucknell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doe, Michael F","contributorId":146261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doe","given":"Michael F","affiliations":[{"id":16652,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186038,"text":"70186038 - 2015 - Potash, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T09:58:11","indexId":"70186038","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potash, 2014","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jasinski, S.M., 2015, Potash, 2014: Mining Engineering, v. 67, no. 7, p. 31-31.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-065162","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6022&page=31"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac2e4b02ff32c6aea49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jasinski, Stephen M. sjasinsk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Stephen","email":"sjasinsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70150316,"text":"70150316 - 2015 - Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T13:17:52","indexId":"70150316","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"Winter cover crops are an essential part of managing nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural lands. Cover crops lessen sedimentation by reducing erosion, and the accumulation of nitrogen in aboveground biomass results in reduced nutrient runoff. Winter cover crops are planted in the fall and are usually terminated in early spring, making them susceptible to senescence, frost burn, and leaf yellowing due to wintertime conditions. This study sought to determine to what extent remote sensing indices are capable of accurately estimating the percent groundcover and biomass of winter cover crops, and to analyze under what critical ranges these relationships are strong and under which conditions they break down. Cover crop growth on six fields planted to barley, rye, ryegrass, triticale or wheat was measured over the 2012–2013 winter growing season. Data collection included spectral reflectance measurements, aboveground biomass, and percent groundcover. Ten vegetation indices were evaluated using surface reflectance data from a 16-band CROPSCAN sensor. Restricting analysis to sampling dates before the onset of prolonged freezing temperatures and leaf yellowing resulted in increased estimation accuracy. There was a strong relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent groundcover (r2 = 0.93) suggesting that date restrictions effectively eliminate yellowing vegetation from analysis. The triangular vegetation index (TVI) was most accurate in estimating high ranges of biomass (r2 = 0.86), while NDVI did not experience a clustering of values in the low and medium biomass ranges but saturated in the higher range (>1500 kg/ha). The results of this study show that accounting for index saturation, senescence, and frost burn on leaves can greatly increase the accuracy of estimates of percent groundcover and biomass for winter cover crops.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002","usgsCitation":"Prabhakara, K., Hively, W., and McCarty, G.W., 2015, Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 39, p. 88-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062027","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Beltsville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.88652992248535,\n 39.02681869722843\n ],\n [\n -76.88652992248535,\n 39.0351862510659\n ],\n [\n -76.87356948852539,\n 39.0351862510659\n ],\n [\n -76.87356948852539,\n 39.02681869722843\n ],\n [\n -76.88652992248535,\n 39.02681869722843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950121e4b0b6d21dd6cbb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prabhakara, Kusuma","contributorId":6313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prabhakara","given":"Kusuma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":4919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarty, Greg W.","contributorId":143675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":15298,"text":"USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg 007, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159788,"text":"70159788 - 2015 - Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T10:26:47","indexId":"70159788","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","docAbstract":"Until now, up-to-date, comprehensive, spatial, national-scale data on hydraulic fracturing water volumes have been lacking. Water volumes used (injected) to hydraulically fracture over 263,859 oil and gas wells drilled between 2000 and 2014 were compiled and used to create the first U.S. map of hydraulic fracturing water use. Although median annual volumes of 15,275 m3 and 19,425 m3 of water per well was used to hydraulically fracture individual horizontal oil and gas wells, respectively, in 2014, about 42% of wells were actually either vertical or directional, which required less than 2600 m3 water per well. The highest average hydraulic fracturing water usage (10,000−36,620 m3 per well) in watersheds across the United States generally correlated with shale-gas areas (versus coalbed methane, tight oil, or tight gas) where the greatest proportion of hydraulically fractured wells were horizontally drilled, reflecting that the natural reservoir properties influence water use. This analysis also demonstrates that many oil and gas resources within a given basin are developed using a mix of horizontal, vertical, and some directional wells, explaining why large volume hydraulic fracturing water usage is not widespread. This spatial variability in hydraulic fracturing water use relates to the potential for environmental impacts such as water availability, water quality, wastewater disposal, and possible wastewater injection-induced earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017278","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., Varela, B.A., Haines, S.S., and Engle, M.A., 2015, Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 5839-5845, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017278.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5839","endPage":"5845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063868","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -73.828125,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -66.7529296875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 45.767522962149904\n ],\n [\n -67.8076171875,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -68.64257812499999,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -69.4775390625,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -70.5322265625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -79.2333984375,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -83.0126953125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -83.935546875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 47.249406957888446\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -91.49414062499999,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -94.7900390625,\n 49.439556958940855\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.468124067331644\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -124.8486328125,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 34.08906131584996\n ],\n [\n -119.7509765625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 31.31610138349565\n ],\n [\n -108.1494140625,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -104.6337890625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -104.501953125,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -102.9638671875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -102.568359375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -101.25,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -99.580078125,\n 27.449790329784214\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 30.107117887092382\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -82.9248046875,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 26.47057302237511\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 24.966140159912975\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 24.367113562651276\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.693359375,\n 54.67383096593114\n ],\n [\n -129.90234375,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -132.451171875,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -135.703125,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -137.63671875,\n 59.085738569819505\n ],\n [\n -139.5703125,\n 60.326947742998414\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 60.45721779774397\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -143.349609375,\n 70.17020068549206\n ],\n [\n -145.1953125,\n 70.0205873017406\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 70.37785394109227\n ],\n [\n -151.78710937499997,\n 70.58341752317065\n ],\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 70.93100353239014\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 71.24435551310671\n ],\n [\n -157.412109375,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -161.19140625,\n 70.46620742226558\n ],\n [\n -162.861328125,\n 70.08056215839737\n ],\n [\n -163.388671875,\n 69.19379976461907\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 68.84766505841037\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 68.17155518732503\n ],\n [\n -165.146484375,\n 67.67608458198097\n ],\n [\n -162.861328125,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -161.630859375,\n 66.40795547978848\n ],\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 66.23145747862573\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 66.58321725728175\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 65.80277639340238\n ],\n [\n -167.255859375,\n 65.25670649344259\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 65.03506043658815\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 64.32087157990324\n ],\n [\n -164.091796875,\n 64.39693778132846\n ],\n [\n -162.861328125,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -161.015625,\n 64.84893726357947\n ],\n [\n -161.19140625,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -163.564453125,\n 63.27318217465046\n ],\n [\n -164.61914062499997,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -166.201171875,\n 61.81466389468391\n ],\n [\n -165.58593749999997,\n 60.71619779357716\n ],\n [\n -167.607421875,\n 60.19615576604439\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 59.445075099047166\n ],\n [\n -164.267578125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -162.0703125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -162.24609375,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -160.576171875,\n 58.722598828043374\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 58.263287052486035\n ],\n [\n -157.58789062499997,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 57.42129439209407\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -169.45312499999997,\n 53.33087298301704\n ],\n [\n -176.572265625,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n -182.8125,\n 52.32191088594773\n ],\n [\n -182.63671875,\n 51.56341232867588\n ],\n [\n -179.82421875,\n 50.84757295365389\n ],\n [\n -173.232421875,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -165.05859375,\n 53.74871079689897\n ],\n [\n -161.103515625,\n 54.92714186454645\n ],\n [\n -159.43359375,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -157.939453125,\n 55.677584411089505\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 56.511017504952136\n ],\n [\n -154.3359375,\n 56.31653672211301\n ],\n [\n -151.78710937499997,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 59.355596110016315\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 60.10867046303597\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -138.69140625,\n 58.950008233357046\n ],\n [\n -136.23046875,\n 57.562995459387146\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 55.57834467218206\n ],\n [\n -133.06640625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -130.693359375,\n 54.67383096593114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565446c4e4b071e7ea53d4cc","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017278","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017278","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Gallegos Tanya J., Varela Brian A., Haines Seth S., Engle Mark A.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"7/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":5058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174839,"text":"70174839 - 2015 - Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: An interpretation based on seismic interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T14:03:58","indexId":"70174839","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: An interpretation based on seismic interferometry","docAbstract":"Recently, various methods have been proposed and applied for earthquake source imaging, and theoretical relationships among the methods have been studied. In this study, we make a follow-up theoretical study to better understand the meanings of earthquake source imaging. For imaging problems, the point spread function (PSF) is used to describe the degree of blurring and degradation in an obtained image of a target object as a response of an imaging system. In this study, we formulate PSFs for earthquake source imaging. By calculating the PSFs, we find that waveform source inversion methods remove the effect of the PSF and are free from artifacts. However, the other source imaging methods are affected by the PSF and suffer from the effect of blurring and degradation due to the restricted distribution of receivers. Consequently, careful treatment of the effect is necessary when using the source imaging methods other than waveform inversions. Moreover, the PSF for source imaging is found to have a link with seismic interferometry with the help of the source-receiver reciprocity of Green’s functions. In particular, the PSF can be related to Green’s function for cases in which receivers are distributed so as to completely surround the sources. Furthermore, the PSF acts as a low-pass filter. Given these considerations, the PSF is quite useful for understanding the physical meaning of earthquake source imaging.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv109","usgsCitation":"Nakahara, H., and Haney, M.M., 2015, Point spread functions for earthquake source imaging: An interpretation based on seismic interferometry: Geophysical Journal International, v. 202, no. 1, p. 54-61, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv109.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060985","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb5e4b0f1bea0e0f8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakahara, Hisashi","contributorId":27332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakahara","given":"Hisashi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192560,"text":"70192560 - 2015 - Opinion: Endogenizing culture in sustainability science research and policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:46:57","indexId":"70192560","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opinion: Endogenizing culture in sustainability science research and policy","docAbstract":"Integrating the analysis of natural and social systems to achieve sustainability has been an international scientific goal for years (1, 2). However, full integration has proven challenging, especially in regard to the role of culture (3), which is often missing from the complex sustainability equation. To enact policies and practices that can achieve sustainability, researchers and policymakers must do a better job of accounting for culture, difficult though this task may be.
The concept of culture is complex, with hundreds of definitions that for years have generated disagreement among social scientists (4). Understood at the most basic level, culture constitutes shared values, beliefs, and norms through which people “see,” interpret, or give meaning to ideas, actions, and environments. Culture is often used synonymously with “worldviews” or “cosmologies” (5, 6) to explain the patterned ways of assigning meanings and interpretations among individuals within groups. Used in this way, culture has been found to have only limited empirical support as an explanation of human risk perception (7, 8) and environmentalism (9).
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1510010112","usgsCitation":"Caldas, M.M., Sanderson, M.R., Mather, M.E., Daniels, M.D., Bergtold, J.S., Aistrup, J., Heier Stamm, J.L., Haukos, D.A., Douglas-Mankin, K., Sheshukov, A.Y., and Lopez-Carr, D., 2015, Opinion: Endogenizing culture in sustainability science research and policy: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 112, no. 27, p. 8157-8159, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510010112.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"8157","endPage":"8159","ipdsId":"IP-060354","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510010112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"27","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe80e4b06e28e9c2530b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldas, Marcellus M.","contributorId":200844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldas","given":"Marcellus","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanderson, Matthew R.","contributorId":200845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, Melinda D.","contributorId":166701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniels","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergtold, Jason S.","contributorId":200846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergtold","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aistrup, Joseph","contributorId":200847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aistrup","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heier Stamm, Jessica L.","contributorId":200848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heier Stamm","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":200849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sheshukov, Aleksey Y.","contributorId":172092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheshukov","given":"Aleksey","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lopez-Carr, David","contributorId":193003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Carr","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70177800,"text":"70177800 - 2015 - Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T15:00:24","indexId":"70177800","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"During the past 100 years, most large rivers in North America have been altered for flood control, hydropower, navigation or water supply development. Although these activities clearly provide important human services, their associated environmental disturbances can profoundly affect stream-dwelling organisms. We used dynamic multi-species occupancy models combined with a trait-based approach to estimate the influence of site-level and species-level characteristics on patch dynamic rates for 15 darter species native to the Elk River, a large, flow-regulated Tennessee River tributary in Tennessee and Alabama. Dynamic occupancy modelling results indicated that for every 2.5 °C increase in stream temperature, darters were 3.94 times more likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. Additionally, large-bodied darter species were 3.72 times more likely to colonize stream reaches compared with small-bodied species, but crevice-spawning darter species were 5.24 times less likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. In contrast, darters were 2.21 times less likely to become locally extinct for every 2.5 °C increase in stream temperature, but high stream discharge conditions elevated the risk of local extinction. Lastly, the presence of populations in neighbouring upstream study reaches contributed to a lower risk of extinction, whereas the presence of populations in neighbouring downstream study reaches contributed to higher rates of colonization. Our study demonstrates the application of a trait-based approach combined with a metapopulation framework to assess the patch dynamics of darters in a regulated river. Results from our study will provide a baseline for evaluating the ecological consequences of alternative dam operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2766","usgsCitation":"Shea, C., Bettoli, P.W., Potoka, K., Saylor, C.F., and Shute, P.W., 2015, Use of dynamic occupancy models to assess the response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to varying hydrothermal conditions in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 6, p. 676-691, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2766.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"691","ipdsId":"IP-043451","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c6e9e4b0f497e797345b","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2766","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2766","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Shea C. P., Bettoli P. W., Potoka K. M., Saylor C. F., Shute P. W.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"5/13/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shea, C.P.","contributorId":92885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potoka, K. M.","contributorId":176185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potoka","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saylor, C. F.","contributorId":176186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saylor","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shute, P. W.","contributorId":176187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shute","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182519,"text":"70182519 - 2015 - Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of Pinus coulteri: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T09:49:29","indexId":"70182519","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of Pinus coulteri: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","docAbstract":"With changing climate, many species are projected to move poleward or to higher elevations to track suitable climates. The prediction that species will move poleward assumes that geographically marginal populations are at the edge of the species' climatic range. We studied Pinus coulteri from the center to the northern (poleward) edge of its range, and examined three scenarios regarding the relationship between the geographic and climatic margins of a species' range. We used herbarium and iNaturalist.org records to identify P. coulteri sites, generated a species distribution model based on temperature, precipitation, climatic water deficit, and actual evapotranspiration, and projected suitability under future climate scenarios. In fourteen populations from the central to northern portions of the range, we conducted field studies and recorded elevation, slope and aspect (to estimate solar insolation) to examine relationships between local and regional distributions. We found that northern populations of P. coulteri do not occupy the cold or wet edge of the species' climatic range; mid-latitude, high elevation populations occupy the cold margin. Aspect and insolation of P. coulteri populations changed significantly across latitudes and elevations. Unexpectedly, northern, low-elevation stands occupy north-facing aspects and receive low insolation, while central, high-elevation stands grow on more south-facing aspects that receive higher insolation. Modeled future climate suitability is projected to be highest in the central, high elevation portion of the species range, and in low-lying coastal regions under some scenarios, with declining suitability in northern areas under most future scenarios. For P. coulteri, the lack of high elevation habitat combined with a major dispersal barrier may limit northward movement in response to a warming climate. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of distinguishing geographically vs. climatically marginal populations, and the importance of quantitative analysis of the realized climate space to understand species range limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00780","usgsCitation":"Chardon, N.I., Cornwell, W.K., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Ackerly, D.D., 2015, Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of Pinus coulteri: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope: Ecography, v. 38, no. 6, p. 590-601, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00780.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"601","ipdsId":"IP-058205","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37n229br","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chardon, Nathalie I.","contributorId":182415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chardon","given":"Nathalie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwell, William K.","contributorId":182416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerly, David D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182824,"text":"70182824 - 2015 - Paleodischarge of the Mojave River, southwestern U.S.A, investigated with single-pebble measurements of 10Be","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-01T13:00:29","indexId":"70182824","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleodischarge of the Mojave River, southwestern U.S.A, investigated with single-pebble measurements of 10Be","docAbstract":"The paleohydrology of ephemeral stream systems is an important constraint on paleoclimatic conditions in arid environments, but remains difficult to constrain quantitatively. For example, sedimentary records of the size and extent of pluvial lakes in the Mojave Desert have been used as a proxy for Quaternary climate variability. Although the delivery mechanisms of this additional water are still being debated, it is generally agreed that the discharge of the Mojave River, which supplied water for several Pleistocene pluvial lakes along its course, must have been significantly greater during lake high stands. We used the 10Be concentrations of 10 individual quartzite pebbles sourced from the San Bernardino Mountains and collected from a ~25 ka strath terrace of the Mojave River near Barstow, Calif., to test whether pebble ages record the timing of large paleodischarge of the Mojave River. Our exposure ages indicate that periods of discharge large enough to transport pebble-sized sediment occurred at least four times over the past ~240 ky; individual pebble ages cluster into four groups with exposure ages of 24.82 ± 2.52 ka (n=3), 55.79 ± 2.59 ka (n=2), 99.14 ± 6.04 ka (n=4) and 239.9 ± 52.16 ka (n=1). These inferred large discharge events occurred during both glacial and interglacial conditions. We demonstrate that bedload materials provide information about the frequency and duration of transport events in river systems. This approach could be further improved with the addition of additional measurements of one or more cosmogenic nuclides coupled with models of river discharge and pebble transport.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01134.1","usgsCitation":"Cyr, A.J., Miller, D., and Mahan, S.A., 2015, Paleodischarge of the Mojave River, southwestern U.S.A, investigated with single-pebble measurements of 10Be: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 4, p. 1158-1171, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01134.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1158","endPage":"1171","ipdsId":"IP-055448","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01134.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b7eba9e4b01ccd5500bb27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cyr, Andrew J. 0000-0003-2293-5395 acyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5395","contributorId":3539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyr","given":"Andrew","email":"acyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180313,"text":"70180313 - 2015 - Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:41:06","indexId":"70180313","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane (CBM) makes up a significant portion of the world’s natural gas resources. The discovery that approximately 20% of natural gas is microbial in origin has led to interest in microbially enhanced CBM (MECoM), which involves stimulating microorganisms to produce additional CBM from existing production wells. This paper reviews current laboratory and field research on understanding processes and reservoir conditions which are essential for microbial CBM generation, the progress of efforts to stimulate microbial methane generation in coal beds, and key remaining knowledge gaps. Research has been primarily focused on identifying microbial communities present in areas of CBM generation and attempting to determine their function, in-situ reservoir conditions that are most favorable for microbial CBM generation, and geochemical indicators of metabolic pathways of methanogenesis (i.e., acetoclastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis). Meanwhile, researchers at universities, government agencies, and companies have focused on four primary MECoM strategies: 1) microbial stimulation (i.e., addition of nutrients to stimulate native microbes); 2) microbial augmentation (i.e., addition of microbes not native to or abundant in the reservoir of interest); 3) physically increasing microbial access to coal and distribution of amendments; and 4) chemically increasing the bioavailability of coal organics. Most companies interested in MECoM have pursued microbial stimulation: Luca Technologies, Inc., successfully completed a pilot scale field test of their stimulation strategy, while two others, Ciris Energy and Next Fuel, Inc., have undertaken smaller scale field tests. Several key knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed before MECoM strategies can be implemented commercially. Little is known about the bacterial community responsible for coal biodegradation and how these microorganisms may be stimulated to enhance microbial methanogenesis. In addition, research is needed to understand what fraction of coal is available for biodegradation, and methods need to be developed to determine the extent of in-situ coal biodegradation by MECoM processes for monitoring changes to coal quality. Questions also remain about how well field-scale pilot tests will scale to commercial production, how often amendments will need to be added to maintain new methane generation, and how well MECoM strategies transfer between coal basins with different formation water geochemistries and coal ranks. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be key in determining the feasibility and commercial viability of MECoM technology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.013","usgsCitation":"Ritter, D.J., Vinson, D.S., Barnhart, E.P., Akob, D.M., Fields, M.W., Cunningham, A.B., Orem, W.H., and McIntosh, J.C., 2015, Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 146, p. 28-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-065234","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/11535","text":"External Repository"},{"id":334138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588c6a8ee4b08c8121c9090a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritter, Daniel J.","contributorId":139869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13301,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vinson, David S.","contributorId":172390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25392,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025 dakob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":4980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise","email":"dakob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fields, Matthew W.","contributorId":172391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, Al B.","contributorId":178823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Al","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C. 0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70192607,"text":"70192607 - 2015 - Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:40:56","indexId":"70192607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness","docAbstract":"Context
Lake size has declined on breeding grounds for international populations of waterfowl.
Objectives
Our objectives were to (1) model the relationship between waterfowl species richness and lake size; (2) use the model and trends in lake size to project historical, contemporary, and future richness at 2500+ lakes; (3) evaluate mechanisms for the species–area relationship (SAR); and (4) identify species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes.
Methods
Monte Carlo simulations of the richness model were used to generate projections. Correlations between richness and both lake size and habitat diversity were compared to identify mechanisms for the SAR. Patterns of nestedness were used to identify vulnerable species.
Results
Species richness was greatest at lakes that were larger, closer to rivers, had more wetlands along their perimeters and were within 5 km of a large lake. Average richness per lake was projected to decline by 11 % from 1986 to 2050 but was heterogeneous across sub-regions and lakes. Richness in sub-regions with species-rich lakes was projected to remain stable, while richness in the sub-region with species-poor lakes was projected to decline. Lake size had a greater effect on richness than did habitat diversity, suggesting that large lakes have more species because they provide more habitat but not more habitat types. The vulnerability of species to shrinking lakes was related to species rarity rather than foraging guild.
Conclusions
Our maps of projected changes in species richness and rank-ordered list of species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes can be used to identify targets for conservation or monitoring.
The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a well-known sentinel of environmental contamination, yet no studies have traced pharmaceuticals through the water–fish–osprey food web. A screening-level exposure assessment was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of 113 pharmaceuticals and metabolites, and an artificial sweetener in this food web. Hypothetical concentrations in water reflecting “wastewater effluent dominated” or “dilution dominated” scenarios were combined with pH-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to predict uptake in fish. Residues in fish and osprey food intake rate were used to calculate the daily intake (DI) of compounds by an adult female osprey. Fourteen pharmaceuticals and a drug metabolite with a BCF greater than 100 and a DI greater than 20 µg/kg were identified as being most likely to exceed the adult human therapeutic dose (HTD). These 15 compounds were also evaluated in a 40 day cumulative dose exposure scenario using first-order kinetics to account for uptake and elimination. Assuming comparable absorption to humans, the half-lives (t1/2) for an adult osprey to reach the HTD within 40 days were calculated. For 3 of these pharmaceuticals, the estimated t1/2 in ospreys was less than that for humans, and thus an osprey might theoretically reach or exceed the HTD in 3 to 7 days. To complement the exposure model, 24 compounds were quantified in water, fish plasma, and osprey nestling plasma from 7 potentially impaired locations in Chesapeake Bay. Of the 18 analytes detected in water, 8 were found in fish plasma, but only 1 in osprey plasma (the antihypertensive diltiazem). Compared to diltiazem detection rate and concentrations in water (10/12 detects, <method detection limits [MDL]–173 ng/L), there was a lower detection frequency in fish (31/233 detects, <MDL–2400 ng/L); however when present in fish, all values exceeded the maximum diltiazem concentration found in water. Diltiazem was found in all 69 osprey plasma samples (540–8630 ng/L), with 41% of these samples exceeding maximum concentrations found in fish. Diltiazem levels in fish and osprey plasma were below the human therapeutic plasma concentration (30 000 ng/L). Effect thresholds for diltiazem are unknown in ospreys at this time, and there is no evidence to suggest adverse effects. This screening-level exposure model can help identify those compounds that warrant further investigation in high-trophic level species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.1570","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, R.S., Rattner, B.A., Du, B., McGowan, P.C., Blazer, V., and Ottinger, M.A., 2015, Exposure and food web transfer of pharmaceuticals in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus): Predictive model and empirical data: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 11, no. 1, p. 118-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1570.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057952","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c16836e4b0f2f0ceb907db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Du, Bowen","contributorId":149285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Du","given":"Bowen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16605,"text":"Department of Environmental Science and the Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, TX","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Peter C.","contributorId":13867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186007,"text":"70186007 - 2015 - Lithium 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:02:29","indexId":"70186007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium 2014","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jaskula, B., 2015, Lithium 2014: Mining Engineering, v. 67, no. 7, p. 31-31.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-064954","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6022&page=31"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac5e4b02ff32c6aea53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaskula, Brian W. bjaskula@usgs.gov","contributorId":179010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian W.","email":"bjaskula@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}