{"pageNumber":"1241","pageRowStart":"31000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70193232,"text":"70193232 - 2015 - Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits: An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:53:41.817888","indexId":"70193232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits: An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil geochemical anomalies can be used to identify pathfinders in exploration for ore deposits. In this study, compositional data analysis is used with multivariate statistical methods to analyse soil geochemical data collected from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA, to identify pathfinders associated with this deposit. Elemental compositions and relationships were compared between the collected Coles Hill soil and reference soil samples extracted from a regional subset of a national-scale geochemical survey. Results show that pathfinders for the Coles Hill deposit include light rare earth elements (La and Ce), which, when normalised by their Al content, are correlated with U/Al, and elevated Th/Al values, which are not correlated with U/Al, supporting decoupling of U from Th during soil generation. These results can be used in genetic and weathering models of the Coles Hill deposit, and can also be applied to future prospecting for similar U deposits in the eastern United States, and in regions with similar geological/climatic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.12.012","usgsCitation":"Levitan, D.M., Zipper, C.E., Donovan, P., Schreiber, M.E., Seal, R.R., Engle, M.A., Chermak, J.A., Bodnar, R.J., Johnson, D.K., and Aylor, J.G., 2015, Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits: An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 154, p. 238-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.12.012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-056717","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Coles Hill uranium deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.3333,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3333,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2667,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2667,\n              36.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3333,\n              36.9\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"154","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe80e4b06e28e9c25307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levitan, Denise M.","contributorId":199138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levitan","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zipper, Carl E.","contributorId":198104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zipper","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, Patricia","contributorId":199139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreiber, Madeline E.","contributorId":138959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chermak, John A.","contributorId":199140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chermak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bodnar, Robert J.","contributorId":199141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodnar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Daniel K.","contributorId":200614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aylor, Joseph G. Jr.","contributorId":199142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aylor","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70185020,"text":"70185020 - 2015 - Evapotranspiration in the Nile Basin: Identifying dynamics and drivers, 2002–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:08:23","indexId":"70185020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration in the Nile Basin: Identifying dynamics and drivers, 2002–2011","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of the relationship between evapotranspiration (ET) and its natural and anthropogenic drivers is critical in water-limited basins such as the Nile. The spatiotemporal relationships of ET with rainfall and vegetation dynamics in the Nile Basin during 2002–2011 were analyzed using satellite-derived data. Non-parametric statistics were used to quantify ET-rainfall interactions and trends across land cover types and subbasins. We found that 65% of the study area (2.5 million km2) showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive correlations between monthly ET and rainfall, whereas 7% showed significant negative correlations. As expected, positive ET-rainfall correlations were observed over natural vegetation, mixed croplands/natural vegetation, and croplands, with a few subbasin-specific exceptions. In particular, irrigated croplands, wetlands and some forests exhibited negative correlations. Trend tests revealed spatial clusters of statistically significant trends in ET (6% of study area was negative; 12% positive), vegetation greenness (24% negative; 12% positive) and rainfall (11% negative; 1% positive) during 2002–2011. The Nile Delta, Ethiopian highlands and central Uganda regions showed decline in ET while central parts of Sudan, South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia and northeastern Uganda showed increases. Except for a decline in ET in central Uganda, the detected changes in ET (both positive and negative) were not associated with corresponding changes in rainfall. Detected declines in ET in the Nile delta and Ethiopian highlands were found to be attributable to anthropogenic land degradation, while the ET decline in central Uganda is likely caused by rainfall reduction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w7094914","usgsCitation":"Alemu, H., Kaptue, A.T., Senay, G., Wimberly, M.C., and Henebry, G.M., 2015, Evapotranspiration in the Nile Basin: Identifying dynamics and drivers, 2002–2011: Water, v. 7, no. 9, p. 4914-1931, https://doi.org/10.3390/w7094914.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4914","endPage":"1931","ipdsId":"IP-066148","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w7094914","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              32.431640625,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ],\n            [\n              30.8935546875,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              29.091796875,\n              31.015278981711266\n            ],\n            [\n              27.9931640625,\n              21.94304553343818\n            ],\n            [\n              23.6865234375,\n              8.624472107633936\n            ],\n            [\n              27.2021484375,\n              5.134714634014467\n            ],\n            [\n              30.629882812499996,\n              3.601142320158735\n            ],\n            [\n              30.761718749999996,\n              -3.90809888189411\n            ],\n            [\n              34.9365234375,\n              -3.46955730306146\n            ],\n            [\n              37.0458984375,\n              4.083452772038619\n            ],\n            [\n              40.7373046875,\n              14.817370620155254\n            ],\n            [\n              32.431640625,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alemu, Henok","contributorId":124527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alemu","given":"Henok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaptue, Armel T.","contributorId":189254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaptue","given":"Armel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wimberly, Michael C.","contributorId":167855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henebry, Geoffrey M.","contributorId":124528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henebry","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187119,"text":"70187119 - 2015 - Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:01:59","indexId":"70187119","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, <sup>15</sup>N-[TNT]","title":"Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]","docAbstract":"<p><span>2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been used as a military explosive for over a hundred years. Contamination concerns have arisen as a result of manufacturing and use on a large scale; however, despite decades of work addressing TNT contamination in the environment, its fate in marine ecosystems is not fully resolved. Here we examine the cycling and fate of TNT in the coastal marine systems by spiking a marine mesocosm containing seawater, sediments, and macrobiota with isotopically labeled TNT (</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-[TNT]), simultaneously monitoring removal, transformation, mineralization, sorption, and biological uptake over a period of 16 days. TNT degradation was rapid, and we observed accumulation of reduced transformation products dissolved in the water column and in pore waters, sorbed to sediments and suspended particulate matter (SPM), and in the tissues of macrobiota. Bulk δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N analysis of sediments, SPM, and tissues revealed large quantities of&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N beyond that accounted for in identifiable derivatives. TNT-derived N was also found in the dissolved inorganic N (DIN) pool. Using multivariate statistical analysis and a&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N mass balance approach, we identify the major transformation pathways of TNT, including the deamination of reduced TNT derivatives, potentially promoted by sorption to SPM and oxic surface sediments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b02907","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.W., Vlahos, P., Bohlke, J., Ariyarathna, T., Ballentine, M., Cooper, C., Fallis, S., Groshens, T.J., and Tobias, C.R., 2015, Tracing the cycling and fate of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in coastal marine systems with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[TNT]: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 20, p. 12223-12231, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"12223","endPage":"12231","ipdsId":"IP-068873","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea3e4b006455f2d61e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard W.","contributorId":191276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vlahos, Penny","contributorId":191277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vlahos","given":"Penny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ariyarathna, Thivanka","contributorId":191278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ariyarathna","given":"Thivanka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballentine, Mark","contributorId":191279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballentine","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, Christopher","contributorId":191280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fallis, Stephen","contributorId":191281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallis","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Groshens, Thomas J.","contributorId":191282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groshens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tobias, Craig R.","contributorId":191283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70150316,"text":"70150316 - 2015 - Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T13:17:52","indexId":"70150316","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Winter cover crops are an essential part of managing nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural lands. Cover crops lessen sedimentation by reducing erosion, and the accumulation of nitrogen in aboveground biomass results in reduced nutrient runoff. Winter cover crops are planted in the fall and are usually terminated in early spring, making them susceptible to senescence, frost burn, and leaf yellowing due to wintertime conditions. This study sought to determine to what extent remote sensing indices are capable of accurately estimating the percent groundcover and biomass of winter cover crops, and to analyze under what critical ranges these relationships are strong and under which conditions they break down. Cover crop growth on six fields planted to barley, rye, ryegrass, triticale or wheat was measured over the 2012&ndash;2013 winter growing season. Data collection included spectral reflectance measurements, aboveground biomass, and percent groundcover. Ten vegetation indices were evaluated using surface reflectance data from a 16-band CROPSCAN sensor. Restricting analysis to sampling dates before the onset of prolonged freezing temperatures and leaf yellowing resulted in increased estimation accuracy. There was a strong relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent groundcover (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.93) suggesting that date restrictions effectively eliminate yellowing vegetation from analysis. The triangular vegetation index (TVI) was most accurate in estimating high ranges of biomass (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.86), while NDVI did not experience a clustering of values in the low and medium biomass ranges but saturated in the higher range (&gt;1500&nbsp;kg/ha). The results of this study show that accounting for index saturation, senescence, and frost burn on leaves can greatly increase the accuracy of estimates of percent groundcover and biomass for winter cover crops.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002","usgsCitation":"Prabhakara, K., Hively, W., and McCarty, G.W., 2015, Evaluating the relationship between biomass, percent groundcover and remote sensing indices across six winter cover crop fields in Maryland, United States: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 39, p. 88-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062027","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Beltsville","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.88652992248535,\n              39.02681869722843\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88652992248535,\n              39.0351862510659\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87356948852539,\n              39.0351862510659\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87356948852539,\n              39.02681869722843\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88652992248535,\n              39.02681869722843\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950121e4b0b6d21dd6cbb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prabhakara, Kusuma","contributorId":6313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prabhakara","given":"Kusuma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":4919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarty, Greg W.","contributorId":143675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":15298,"text":"USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg 007, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162083,"text":"70162083 - 2015 - Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T12:03:19","indexId":"70162083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale","docAbstract":"<p>Defining the oxic-suboxic interface is often critical for determining pathways for nitrate transport in groundwater and to streams at the local scale. Defining this interface on a regional scale is complicated by the spatial variability of reaction rates. The probability of oxic groundwater in the Chesapeake Bay watershed was predicted by relating dissolved O<sub>2</sub> concentrations in groundwater samples to indicators of residence time and/or electron donor availability using logistic regression. Variables that describe surficial geology, position in the flow system, and soil drainage were important predictors of oxic water. The probability of encountering oxic groundwater at a 30 m depth and the depth to the bottom of the oxic layer were predicted for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The influence of depth to the bottom of the oxic layer on stream nitrate concentrations and time lags (i.e., time period between land application of nitrogen and its effect on streams) are illustrated using model simulations for hypothetical basins. Regional maps of the probability of oxic groundwater should prove useful as indicators of groundwater susceptibility and stream susceptibility to contaminant sources derived from groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b01869","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Terziotti, S., and Abrams, D.B., 2015, Predicting redox conditions in groundwater at a regional scale: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 16, p. 9657-9664, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01869.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9657","endPage":"9664","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064245","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78C9TC5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Depth to 50 percent probability of oxic conditions, Chesapeake Bay 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,{"id":70157142,"text":"70157142 - 2015 - Ecosystem carbon stocks and sequestration potential of federal lands across the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T09:42:10","indexId":"70157142","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem carbon stocks and sequestration potential of federal lands across the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Federal lands across the conterminous United States (CONUS) account for 23.5% of the CONUS terrestrial area but have received no systematic studies on their ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and contribution to the national C budgets. The methodology for US Congress-mandated national biological C sequestration potential assessment was used to evaluate ecosystem C dynamics in CONUS federal lands at present and in the future under three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC SRES) A1B, A2, and B1. The total ecosystem C stock was estimated as 11,613 Tg C in 2005 and projected to be 13,965 Tg C in 2050, an average increase of 19.4% from the baseline. The projected annual C sequestration rate (in kilograms of carbon per hectare per year) from 2006 to 2050 would be sinks of 620 and 228 for forests and grasslands, respectively, and C sources of 13 for shrublands. The federal lands&rsquo; contribution to the national ecosystem C budget could decrease from 23.3% in 2005 to 20.8% in 2050. The C sequestration potential in the future depends not only on the footprint of individual ecosystems but also on each federal agency&rsquo;s land use and management. The results presented here update our current knowledge about the baseline ecosystem C stock and sequestration potential of federal lands, which would be useful for federal agencies to decide management practices to achieve the national greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation goal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512542112","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Sohl, T.L., Wu, Y., and Young, C.J., 2015, Ecosystem carbon stocks and sequestration potential of federal lands across the conterminous United States: PNAS, v. 112, no. 41, p. 12723-12728, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512542112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12723","endPage":"12728","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068739","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access 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 \"}}]}\n","volume":"112","issue":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261452e4b0fb9a11dd75fe","chorus":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512542112","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512542112","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","authors":"Tan Zhengxi, Liu Shuguang, Sohl Terry L., Wu Yiping, Young Claudia J.","journalName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","publicationDate":"9/28/2015","auditedOn":"4/16/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"4/13/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Claudia J. 0000-0002-0859-7206 cyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":2770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"cyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159502,"text":"70159502 - 2015 - Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:26:40","indexId":"70159502","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, USA, has been the site of active hydrologic research since 1959 and was the setting where Dunne and Black demonstrated the importance and controls of saturation-excess overland flow (SOF) on streamflow generation. Here, we review the early studies from the SRRW and show how they guided our conceptual approach to hydrologic research at the SRRW during the most recent 25&thinsp;years. In so doing, we chronicle a shift in the field from early studies that relied exclusively on hydrometric measurements to today's studies that include chemical and isotopic approaches to further elucidate streamflow generation mechanisms. Highlights of this evolution in hydrologic understanding include the following: (i) confirmation of the importance of SOF to streamflow generation, and at larger scales than first imagined; (ii) stored catchment water dominates stream response, except under unusual conditions such as deep frozen ground; (iii) hydrometric, chemical and isotopic approaches to hydrograph separation yield consistent and complementary results; (iv) nitrate and sulfate isotopic compositions specific to atmospheric inputs constrain new water contributions to streamflow; and (v) convergent areas, or &lsquo;hillslope hollows&rsquo;, contribute disproportionately to event hydrographs. We conclude by summarizing some remaining challenges that lead us to a vision for the future of research at the SRRW to address fundamental questions in the catchment sciences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10377","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Sebestyen, S.D., McDonnell, J.J., McGlynn, B.L., and Dunne, T., 2015, Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed – revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 16, p. 3447-3459, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10377.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3447","endPage":"3459","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060314","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vk658z6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Sleepers River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.45688095465622\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.05168724060057,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.07829475402832,\n              44.43825371823474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c660e4b0e2669b30f233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":202934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36551,"text":"University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and University of Aberdeen, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGlynn, Brian L.","contributorId":83012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunne, Thomas","contributorId":146518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunne","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191255,"text":"70191255 - 2015 - The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:08:03.94424","indexId":"70191255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, 4857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soil of the conterminous United States as part of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Three soil samples were collected, if possible, from each site; (1) a sample from a depth of 0 to 5&nbsp;cm, (2) a composite of the soil A-horizon, and (3) a deeper sample from the soil C-horizon or, if the top of the C-horizon was at a depth greater than 100&nbsp;cm, from a depth of approximately 80–100&nbsp;cm. The &lt;&nbsp;2&nbsp;mm fraction of each sample was analysed for a suite of 45 major and trace elements following near-total multi-acid digestion. The major mineralogical components in samples from the soil A- and C-horizons were determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld refinement. Sampling ended in 2010 and chemical and mineralogical analyses were completed in May 2013. Maps of the conterminous United States showing predicted element and mineral concentrations were interpolated from actual soil data for each soil sample type by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique using ArcGIS software. Regional- and national-scale map patterns for selected elements and minerals apparent in interpolated maps are described here in the context of soil-forming factors and possible human inputs. These patterns can be related to (1) soil parent materials, for example, in the distribution of quartz, (2) climate impacts, for example, in the distribution of feldspar and kaolinite, (3) soil age, for example, in the distribution of carbonate in young glacial deposits, and (4) possible anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) to surface soil. This new geochemical and mineralogical data set for the conterminous United States represents a major step forward from prior national-scale soil geochemistry data and provides a robust soil data framework for the United States now and into the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.006","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Cannon, W.F., Smith, D.B., and Solano, F., 2015, The distribution of selected elements and minerals in soil of the conterminous United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 154, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.01.006.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-054587","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"154","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35029e4b05fe04cc34d6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":138565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solano, Federico 0000-0002-0308-5850 fsolanoc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-5850","contributorId":4302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solano","given":"Federico","email":"fsolanoc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174152,"text":"70174152 - 2015 - Linking state-and-transition simulation and timber supply models for forest biomass production scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T12:54:49","indexId":"70174152","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3893,"text":"AIMS Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking state-and-transition simulation and timber supply models for forest biomass production scenarios","docAbstract":"<p><span>We linked state-and-transition simulation models (STSMs) with an economics-based timber supply model to examine landscape dynamics in North Carolina through 2050 for three scenarios of forest biomass production. Forest biomass could be an important source of renewable energy in the future, but there is currently much uncertainty about how biomass production would impact landscapes. In the southeastern US, if forests become important sources of biomass for bioenergy, we expect increased land-use change and forest management. STSMs are ideal for simulating these landscape changes, but the amounts of change will depend on drivers such as timber prices and demand for forest land, which are best captured with forest economic models. We first developed state-and-transition model pathways in the ST-Sim software platform for 49 vegetation and land-use types that incorporated each expected type of landscape change. Next, for the three biomass production scenarios, the SubRegional Timber Supply Model (SRTS) was used to determine the annual areas of thinning and harvest in five broad forest types, as well as annual areas converted among those forest types, agricultural, and urban lands. The SRTS output was used to define area targets for STSMs in ST-Sim under two scenarios of biomass production and one baseline, business-as-usual scenario. We show that ST-Sim output matched SRTS targets in most cases. Landscape dynamics results indicate that, compared with the baseline scenario, forest biomass production leads to more forest and, specifically, more intensively managed forest on the landscape by 2050. Thus, the STSMs, informed by forest economics models, provide important information about potential landscape effects of bioenergy production.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AIMS Press","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2015.2.180","usgsCitation":"Costanza, J., Abt, R.C., McKerrow, A., and Collazo, J., 2015, Linking state-and-transition simulation and timber supply models for forest biomass production scenarios: AIMS Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 180-202, https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.2.180.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"202","ipdsId":"IP-063156","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.2.180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bade4b0571647d0f934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costanza, Jennifer","contributorId":74689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanza","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abt, Robert C.","contributorId":174475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187424,"text":"70187424 - 2015 - Early Holocene Great Salt Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T14:51:22","indexId":"70187424","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Holocene Great Salt Lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shorelines and surficial deposits (including buried forest-floor mats and organic-rich wetland sediments) show that Great Salt Lake did not rise higher than modern lake levels during the earliest Holocene (11.5–10.2 cal ka BP; 10–9 </span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C ka BP). During that period, finely laminated, organic-rich muds (sapropel) containing brine-shrimp cysts and pellets and interbedded sodium-sulfate salts were deposited on the lake floor. Sapropel deposition was probably caused by stratification of the water column — a freshwater cap possibly was formed by groundwater, which had been stored in upland aquifers during the immediately preceding late-Pleistocene deep-lake cycle (Lake Bonneville), and was actively discharging on the basin floor. A climate characterized by low precipitation and runoff, combined with local areas of groundwater discharge in piedmont settings, could explain the apparent conflict between evidence for a shallow lake (a dry climate) and previously published interpretations for a moist climate in the Great Salt Lake basin of the eastern Great Basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.001","usgsCitation":"Oviatt, C., Madsen, D.B., Miller, D., Thompson, R.S., and McGeehin, J.P., 2015, Early Holocene Great Salt Lake: Quaternary Research, v. 84, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-064151","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8023681640625,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8023681640625,\n              41.73033005046653\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              41.73033005046653\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.20037841796875,\n              40.60978237983301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aafe4b0fc4e449157f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":13503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, David B.","contributorId":191727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madsen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":130967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188037,"text":"70188037 - 2015 - Parameter estimation for groundwater models under uncertain irrigation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T14:13:05","indexId":"70188037","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameter estimation for groundwater models under uncertain irrigation data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The success of modeling groundwater is strongly influenced by the accuracy of the model parameters that are used to characterize the subsurface system. However, the presence of uncertainty and possibly bias in groundwater model source/sink terms may lead to biased estimates of model parameters and model predictions when the standard regression-based inverse modeling techniques are used. This study first quantifies the levels of bias in groundwater model parameters and predictions due to the presence of errors in irrigation data. Then, a new inverse modeling technique called input uncertainty weighted least-squares (IUWLS) is presented for unbiased estimation of the parameters when pumping and other source/sink data are uncertain. The approach uses the concept of generalized least-squares method with the weight of the objective function depending on the level of pumping uncertainty and iteratively adjusted during the parameter optimization process. We have conducted both analytical and numerical experiments, using irrigation pumping data from the Republican River Basin in Nebraska, to evaluate the performance of ordinary least-squares (OLS) and IUWLS calibration methods under different levels of uncertainty of irrigation data and calibration conditions. The result from the OLS method shows the presence of statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) bias in estimated parameters and model predictions that persist despite calibrating the models to different calibration data and sample sizes. However, by directly accounting for the irrigation pumping uncertainties during the calibration procedures, the proposed IUWLS is able to minimize the bias effectively without adding significant computational burden to the calibration processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12235","usgsCitation":"Demissie, Y., Valocchi, A.J., Cai, X., Brozovic, N., Senay, G., and Gebremichael, M., 2015, Parameter estimation for groundwater models under uncertain irrigation data: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 4, p. 614-625, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12235.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"625","ipdsId":"IP-057423","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd63ee4b0e9bd0ea896fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demissie, Yonas","contributorId":192369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demissie","given":"Yonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valocchi, Albert J.","contributorId":25062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valocchi","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cai, Ximing","contributorId":149230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Ximing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17685,"text":"University of Illinois, Champagne-Urbana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brozovic, Nicholas","contributorId":192552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brozovic","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gebremichael, Mekonnen","contributorId":147882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebremichael","given":"Mekonnen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70186036,"text":"70186036 - 2015 - Rare Earths in 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T09:59:09","indexId":"70186036","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare Earths in 2014","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Gambogi, J., 2015, Rare Earths in 2014: Mining Engineering, v. 67, no. 7, p. 31-31.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-066866","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6022&page=31"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac3e4b02ff32c6aea4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gambogi, Joseph 0000-0002-5719-2280 jgambogi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-2280","contributorId":4424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gambogi","given":"Joseph","email":"jgambogi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148718,"text":"70148718 - 2015 - Global volcanic hazards and risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T21:22:53.188537","indexId":"70148718","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Global volcanic hazards and risk","docAbstract":"<p><span>An estimated 800 million people live within 100 km of an active volcano in 86 countries and additional overseas territories worldwide [see Chapter 4 and Appendix B]1. Volcanoes are compelling evidence that the Earth is a dynamic planet characterised by endless change and renewal. Humans have always found volcanic activity fascinating and have often chosen to live close to volcanoes, which commonly provide favourable environments for life. Volcanoes bring many benefits to society: eruptions fertilise soils; elevated topography provides good sites for infrastructure (e.g. telecommunications on elevated ground); water resources are commonly plentiful; volcano tourism can be lucrative; and volcanoes can acquire spiritual, aesthetic or religious significance. Some volcanoes are also associated with geothermal resources, making them a target for exploration and a potential energy resource.</span></p><p><span>Much of the time volcanoes are not a threat because they erupt very infrequently or because communities have become resilient to frequently erupting volcanoes. However, there is an everpresent danger of a long-dormant volcano re-awakening or of volcanoes producing anomalously large or unexpected eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can cause loss of life and livelihoods in exposed communities, damage or disrupt critical infrastructure and add stress to already fragile environments. Their impacts can be both short-term, e.g. physical damage, and long-term, e.g. sustained or permanent displacement of populations. The risk from volcanic eruptions and their attendant hazards is often underestimated beyond areas within the immediate proximity of a volcano. For example, volcanic ash hazards can have effects hundreds of kilometres away from the vent and have an adverse impact on human and animal health, infrastructure, transport, agriculture and horticulture, the environment and economies. The products of volcanism and their impacts can extend beyond country borders, to be regional and even global in scale.</span></p><p><span>Although known historical loss of life from volcanic eruptions (since 1600 AD about 280,000 fatalities are recorded, Auker et al. (2013)) is modest compared to other major natural hazards, volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic for exposed communities. In 1985 the town of Armero in Colombia was buried by lahars (volcanic mudflows) with more than 21,000 fatalities due to relatively small explosive eruptions at the summit of Nevado del Ruiz volcano that partially melted a glacier (Voight, 1990).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781316276273.004","isbn":"9781316276273","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.K., Loughlin, S.C., Sparks, R.S., Vye-Brown, C., Barclay, J., Calder, E., Cottrell, E., Jolly, G., Komorowski, J., Mandeville, C., Newhall, C., Palma, J., Potter, S., and Valentine, G., 2015, Global volcanic hazards and risk, chap. <i>of</i> Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk, p. 81-173, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316276273.004.","productDescription":"93 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065048","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56349579e4b048076347fd7d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loughlin, S. 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,{"id":70159788,"text":"70159788 - 2015 - Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-23T10:26:47","indexId":"70159788","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications","docAbstract":"<p>Until now, up-to-date, comprehensive, spatial, national-scale data on hydraulic fracturing water volumes have been lacking. Water volumes used (injected) to hydraulically fracture over 263,859 oil and gas wells drilled between 2000 and 2014 were compiled and used to create the first U.S. map of hydraulic fracturing water use. Although median annual volumes of 15,275 m3 and 19,425 m3 of water per well was used to hydraulically fracture individual horizontal oil and gas wells, respectively, in 2014, about 42% of wells were actually either vertical or directional, which required less than 2600 m3 water per well. The highest average hydraulic fracturing water usage (10,000&minus;36,620 m3 per well) in watersheds across the United States generally correlated with shale-gas areas (versus coalbed methane, tight oil, or tight gas) where the greatest proportion of hydraulically fractured wells were horizontally drilled, reflecting that the natural reservoir properties influence water use. This analysis also demonstrates that many oil and gas resources within a given basin are developed using a mix of horizontal, vertical, and some directional wells, explaining why large volume hydraulic fracturing water usage is not widespread. This spatial variability in hydraulic fracturing water use relates to the potential for environmental impacts such as water availability, water quality, wastewater disposal, and possible wastewater injection-induced earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017278","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., Varela, B.A., Haines, S.S., and Engle, M.A., 2015, Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States and potential environmental implications: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 7, p. 5839-5845, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017278.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5839","endPage":"5845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063868","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017278","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70157452,"text":"70157452 - 2015 - Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T11:58:54","indexId":"70157452","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Over the last century, native trout have experienced dramatic population declines, particularly in larger river systems where habitats associated with different spawning life history forms have been lost through habitat degradation and fragmentation. The resulting decrease in life history diversity has affected the capacity of populations to respond to environmental variability and disturbance. Unfortunately, because few large rivers are intact enough to permit full expression of life history diversity, it is unclear what patterns of diversity should be a conservation target. In this study, radiotelemetry was used to identify spawning and migration patterns of Snake River Finespotted Cutthroat Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii behnkei</i><span>&nbsp;in the upper Snake River. Individuals were implanted with radio tags in October 2007 and 2008, and monitored through October 2009. Radio-tagged cutthroat trout in the upper Snake River exhibited variation in spawning habitat type and location, migration distance, spawn timing, postspawning behavior, and susceptibility to mortality sources. Between May and July, Cutthroat Trout spawned in runoff-dominated tributaries, groundwater-dominated spring creeks, and side channels of the Snake River. Individuals migrated up to 101&nbsp;km from tagging locations in the upper Snake River to access spawning habitats, indicating that the upper Snake River provided seasonal habitat for spawners originating throughout the watershed. Postspawning behavior also varied; by August each year, 28% of spring-creek spawners remained in their spawning location, compared with 0% of side-channel spawners and 7% of tributary spawners. These spawning and migration patterns reflect the connectivity, habitat diversity, and dynamic template of the Snake River. Ultimately, promoting life history diversity through restoration of complex habitats may provide the most opportunities for cutthroat trout persistence in an environment likely to experience increased variability from climate change and disturbance from invasive species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625","usgsCitation":"Homel, K.M., Gresswell, R.E., and Kershner, J.L., 2015, Life history diversity of Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout: managing for persistence in a rapidly changing environment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 4, p. 789-801, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1044625.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"801","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057796","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70158691,"text":"70158691 - 2015 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly mortality report January 2015 to March 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:15:17.636845","indexId":"70158691","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly mortality report January 2015 to March 2015","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., Bodenstein, B., Dusek, R., Grear, D.A., and Chipault, J.G., 2015, USGS National Wildlife Health Center quarterly mortality report January 2015 to March 2015: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. July 2015, p. 4-6.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066265","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive"},{"id":309575,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"July 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56139f56e4b0ba4884c60fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":140319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":139354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara L.","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":149047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70192580,"text":"70192580 - 2015 - Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T11:43:17","indexId":"70192580","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Factors affecting total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in 215 watercourses across Sweden were investigated using parameter parsimonious regression approaches to explain spatial and temporal variabilities of the TOC water quality responses. We systematically quantified the effects of discharge, seasonality, and long-term trend as factors controlling intra-annual (among year) and inter-annual (within year) variabilities of TOC by evaluating the spatial variability in model coefficients and catchment characteristics (e.g. land cover, retention time, soil type).</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Catchment area (0.18–47,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and land cover types (forests, agriculture and alpine terrain) are typical for the boreal and hemiboreal zones across Fennoscandia. Watercourses had at least 6&nbsp;years of monthly water quality observations between 1990 and 2010. Statistically significant models (p&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05) describing variation of TOC in streamflow were identified in 209 of 215 watercourses with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index of 0.44. Increasing long-term trends were observed in 149 (70%) of the watercourses, and intra-annual variation in TOC far exceeded inter-annual variation. The average influences of the discharge and seasonality terms on intra-annual variations in daily TOC concentration were 1.4 and 1.3&nbsp;mg&nbsp;l<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(13 and 12% of the mean annual TOC), respectively. The average increase in TOC was 0.17&nbsp;mg&nbsp;l<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>&nbsp;year<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(1.6% year<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>).</p><p id=\"sp0015\">Multivariate regression with over 90 different catchment characteristics explained 21% of the spatial variation in the linear trend coefficient, less than 20% of the variation in the discharge coefficient and 73% of the spatial variation in mean TOC. Specific discharge, water residence time, the variance of daily precipitation, and lake area, explained 45% of the spatial variation in the amplitude of the TOC seasonality.</p><p id=\"sp0020\">Because the main drivers of temporal variability in TOC are seasonality and discharge, first-order estimates of the influences of climatic variability and change on TOC concentration should be predictable if the studied catchments continue to respond similarly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041","usgsCitation":"Hytteborn, J.K., Temnerud, J., Alexander, R.B., Boyer, E.W., Futter, M.N., Froberg, M., Dahne, J., and Bishop, K.H., 2015, Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape: Science of the Total Environment, v. 520, p. 260-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"269","ipdsId":"IP-062350","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"520","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fe80e4b06e28e9c25309","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hytteborn, Julia K.","contributorId":198524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hytteborn","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Temnerud, Johan","contributorId":198525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Temnerud","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Futter, Martyn N.","contributorId":198527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Futter","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Froberg, Mats","contributorId":198528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Froberg","given":"Mats","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dahne, Joel","contributorId":198529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahne","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, Kevin H.","contributorId":198530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70191095,"text":"70191095 - 2015 - Diverting lava flows in the lab","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T11:46:23","indexId":"70191095","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverting lava flows in the lab","docAbstract":"<p>Recent volcanic eruptions in Hawai'i, Iceland and Cape Verde highlight the challenges of mitigating hazards when lava flows threaten infrastructure. Diversion barriers are the most common form of intervention, but historical attempts to divert lava flows have met with mixed success<span>&nbsp;</span>and there has been little systematic analysis of optimal barrier design. We examine the interaction of viscous flows of syrup and molten basalt with barriers in the laboratory. We find that flows thicken immediately upslope of an obstacle, forming a localized bow wave that can overtop barriers. Larger bow waves are generated by faster flows and by obstacles oriented at a high angle to the flow direction. The geometry of barriers also influences flow behaviour. Barriers designed to split or dam flows will slow flow advance, but cause the flow to widen, whereas oblique barriers can effectively divert flows, but may also accelerate flow advance. We argue that to be successful, mitigation of lava-flow hazards must incorporate the dynamics of lava flow–obstacle interactions into barrier design. The same generalizations apply to the effect of natural topographic features on flow geometry and advance rates<font size=\"1\">.</font></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group ","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2470","usgsCitation":"Dietterich, H.R., Cashman, K., Rust, A.C., and Lev, E., 2015, Diverting lava flows in the lab: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 494-496, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2470.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"496","ipdsId":"IP-062976","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59cb6735e4b017cf3141c6ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343 hdietterich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":194354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah","email":"hdietterich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rust, Alison C.","contributorId":196700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rust","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lev, Einat 0000-0002-8174-0558","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0558","contributorId":194355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lev","given":"Einat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":711163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186008,"text":"70186008 - 2015 - Nitrogen-Ammonia, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:23:31","indexId":"70186008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen-Ammonia, 2014","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L.E., 2015, Nitrogen-Ammonia, 2014: Mining Engineering, v. 67, no. 7, p. 31-31.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-064567","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6022&page=31"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac5e4b02ff32c6aea51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, Lori E. lapodaca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"Lori","email":"lapodaca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182519,"text":"70182519 - 2015 - Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T09:49:29","indexId":"70182519","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope","docAbstract":"<p><span>With changing climate, many species are projected to move poleward or to higher elevations to track suitable climates. The prediction that species will move poleward assumes that geographically marginal populations are at the edge of the species' climatic range. We studied </span><i>Pinus coulteri</i><span> from the center to the northern (poleward) edge of its range, and examined three scenarios regarding the relationship between the geographic and climatic margins of a species' range. We used herbarium and </span><a title=\"Link to external resource: http://iNaturalist.org\" href=\"http://inaturalist.org/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://inaturalist.org/\">iNaturalist.org</a><span> records to identify </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> sites, generated a species distribution model based on temperature, precipitation, climatic water deficit, and actual evapotranspiration, and projected suitability under future climate scenarios. In fourteen populations from the central to northern portions of the range, we conducted field studies and recorded elevation, slope and aspect (to estimate solar insolation) to examine relationships between local and regional distributions. We found that northern populations of </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> do not occupy the cold or wet edge of the species' climatic range; mid-latitude, high elevation populations occupy the cold margin. Aspect and insolation of </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span> populations changed significantly across latitudes and elevations. Unexpectedly, northern, low-elevation stands occupy north-facing aspects and receive low insolation, while central, high-elevation stands grow on more south-facing aspects that receive higher insolation. Modeled future climate suitability is projected to be highest in the central, high elevation portion of the species range, and in low-lying coastal regions under some scenarios, with declining suitability in northern areas under most future scenarios. For </span><i>P. coulteri</i><span>, the lack of high elevation habitat combined with a major dispersal barrier may limit northward movement in response to a warming climate. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of distinguishing geographically vs. climatically marginal populations, and the importance of quantitative analysis of the realized climate space to understand species range limits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.00780","usgsCitation":"Chardon, N.I., Cornwell, W.K., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Ackerly, D.D., 2015, Topographic, latitudinal and climatic distribution of <i>Pinus coulteri</i>: geographic range limits are not at the edge of the climate envelope: Ecography, v. 38, no. 6, p. 590-601, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00780.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"601","ipdsId":"IP-058205","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37n229br","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chardon, Nathalie I.","contributorId":182415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chardon","given":"Nathalie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornwell, William K.","contributorId":182416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackerly, David D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176520,"text":"70176520 - 2015 - Use of structured decision making to identify monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marsh ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:12:54","indexId":"70176520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of structured decision making to identify monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marsh ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most salt marshes in the USA have been degraded by human activities, and coastal managers are faced with complex choices among possible actions to restore or enhance ecosystem integrity. We applied structured decision making (SDM) to guide selection of monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marshes within the National Wildlife Refuge System in the northeastern USA. In general, SDM is a systematic process for decomposing a decision into its essential elements. We first engaged stakeholders in clarifying regional salt marsh decision problems, defining objectives and attributes to evaluate whether objectives are achieved, and developing a pool of alternative management actions for achieving objectives. Through this process, we identified salt marsh attributes that were applicable to monitoring National Wildlife Refuges on a regional scale and that targeted management needs. We then analyzed management decisions within three salt marsh units at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, coastal Delaware, as a case example of prioritizing management alternatives. Values for salt marsh attributes were estimated from 2&nbsp;years of baseline monitoring data and expert opinion. We used linear value modeling to aggregate multiple attributes into a single performance score for each alternative, constrained optimization to identify alternatives that maximized total management benefits subject to refuge-wide cost constraints, and used graphical analysis to identify the optimal set of alternatives for the refuge. SDM offers an efficient, transparent approach for integrating monitoring into management practice and improving the quality of management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9822-5","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Lyons, J., Guntenspergen, G.R., Shriver, W.G., and Adamowicz, S.C., 2015, Use of structured decision making to identify monitoring variables and management priorities for salt marsh ecosystems: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 4, p. 1215-1232, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9822-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1215","endPage":"1232","ipdsId":"IP-050872","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee36e4b0bc0bec09e915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriver, W. Gregory","contributorId":174711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shriver","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adamowicz, Susan C.","contributorId":174712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamowicz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":649089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168390,"text":"70168390 - 2015 - Linking degradation status with ecosystem vulnerability to environmental change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-11T10:09:18","indexId":"70168390","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking degradation status with ecosystem vulnerability to environmental change","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental change can cause regime shifts in ecosystems, potentially threatening ecosystem services. It is unclear if the degradation status of ecosystems correlates with their vulnerability to environmental change, and thus the risk of future regime shifts. We assessed resilience in acidified (degraded) and circumneutral (undegraded) lakes with long-term data (1988&ndash;2012), using time series modeling. We identified temporal frequencies in invertebrate assemblages, which identifies groups of species whose population dynamics vary at particular temporal scales. We also assessed species with stochastic dynamics, those whose population dynamics vary irregularly and unpredictably over time. We determined the distribution of functional feeding groups of invertebrates within and across the temporal scales identified, and in those species with stochastic dynamics, and assessed attributes hypothesized to contribute to resilience. Three patterns of temporal dynamics, consistent across study lakes, were identified in the invertebrates. The first pattern was one of monotonic change associated with changing abiotic lake conditions. The second and third patterns appeared unrelated to the environmental changes we monitored. Acidified and the circumneutral lakes shared similar levels and patterns of functional richness, evenness, diversity, and redundancy for species within and across the observed temporal scales and for stochastic species groups. These similar resilience characteristics suggest that both lake types did not differ in vulnerability to the environmental changes observed here. Although both lake types appeared equally vulnerable in this study, our approach demonstrates how assessing systemic vulnerability by quantifying ecological resilience can help address uncertainty in predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change across ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3281-y","usgsCitation":"Angeler, D., Baho, D.L., Allen, C.R., and Johnson, R.K., 2015, Linking degradation status with ecosystem vulnerability to environmental change: Oecologia, v. 178, no. 3, p. 899-913, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3281-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"913","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064260","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/12748/8/angeler_d_et_al_151029.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":317934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[19.77888,63.60955],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[17.83135,60.63658],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[16.44771,57.04112],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[12.6251,56.30708],[11.78794,57.44182],[11.02737,58.85615],[11.46827,59.43239],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[15.10841,66.19387],[16.10871,67.30246],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.97853,68.61685],[23.53947,67.93601],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sweden\"}}]}","volume":"178","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbec6e4b06458514aeed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baho, Didier L.","contributorId":166724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baho","given":"Didier","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard K.","contributorId":21810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70192607,"text":"70192607 - 2015 - Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:40:56","indexId":"70192607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Context</strong></p><p id=\"Par1\" class=\"Para\">Lake size has declined on breeding grounds for international populations of waterfowl.</p></div><div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Objectives</strong></p><p id=\"Par2\" class=\"Para\">Our objectives were to (1) model the relationship between waterfowl species richness and lake size; (2) use the model and trends in lake size to project historical, contemporary, and future richness at 2500+ lakes; (3) evaluate mechanisms for the species–area relationship (SAR); and (4) identify species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes.</p></div><div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Methods</strong></p><p id=\"Par3\" class=\"Para\">Monte Carlo simulations of the richness model were used to generate projections. Correlations between richness and both lake size and habitat diversity were compared to identify mechanisms for the SAR. Patterns of nestedness were used to identify vulnerable species.</p></div><div id=\"ASec4\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Results</strong></p><p id=\"Par4\" class=\"Para\">Species richness was greatest at lakes that were larger, closer to rivers, had more wetlands along their perimeters and were within 5&nbsp;km of a large lake. Average richness per lake was projected to decline by 11&nbsp;% from 1986 to 2050 but was heterogeneous across sub-regions and lakes. Richness in sub-regions with species-rich lakes was projected to remain stable, while richness in the sub-region with species-poor lakes was projected to decline. Lake size had a greater effect on richness than did habitat diversity, suggesting that large lakes have more species because they provide more habitat but not more habitat types. The vulnerability of species to shrinking lakes was related to species rarity rather than foraging guild.</p></div><div id=\"ASec5\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\"><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p id=\"Par5\" class=\"Para\">Our maps of projected changes in species richness and rank-ordered list of species most vulnerable to shrinking lakes can be used to identify targets for conservation or monitoring.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0207-3","usgsCitation":"Roach, J., and Griffith, D.B., 2015, Climate-induced lake drying causes heterogeneous reductions in waterfowl species richness: Landscape Ecology, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1005-1022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0207-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","ipdsId":"IP-055332","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d4e4b09af898c86162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roach, Jennifer K.","contributorId":30861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jennifer K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Dennis B. ffdbg@usgs.gov","contributorId":510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Dennis","email":"ffdbg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180313,"text":"70180313 - 2015 - Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:41:06","indexId":"70180313","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coalbed methane (CBM) makes up a significant portion of the world’s natural gas resources. The discovery that approximately 20% of natural gas is microbial in origin has led to interest in microbially enhanced CBM (MECoM), which involves stimulating microorganisms to produce additional CBM from existing production wells. This paper reviews current laboratory and field research on understanding processes and reservoir conditions which are essential for microbial CBM generation, the progress of efforts to stimulate microbial methane generation in coal beds, and key remaining knowledge gaps. Research has been primarily focused on identifying microbial communities present in areas of CBM generation and attempting to determine their function, in-situ reservoir conditions that are most favorable for microbial CBM generation, and geochemical indicators of metabolic pathways of methanogenesis (i.e., acetoclastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis). Meanwhile, researchers at universities, government agencies, and companies have focused on four primary MECoM strategies: 1) microbial stimulation (i.e., addition of nutrients to stimulate native microbes); 2) microbial augmentation (i.e., addition of microbes not native to or abundant in the reservoir of interest); 3) physically increasing microbial access to coal and distribution of amendments; and 4) chemically increasing the bioavailability of coal organics. Most companies interested in MECoM have pursued microbial stimulation: Luca Technologies, Inc., successfully completed a pilot scale field test of their stimulation strategy, while two others, Ciris Energy and Next Fuel, Inc., have undertaken smaller scale field tests. Several key knowledge gaps remain that need to be addressed before MECoM strategies can be implemented commercially. Little is known about the bacterial community responsible for coal biodegradation and how these microorganisms may be stimulated to enhance microbial methanogenesis. In addition, research is needed to understand what fraction of coal is available for biodegradation, and methods need to be developed to determine the extent of in-situ coal biodegradation by MECoM processes for monitoring changes to coal quality. Questions also remain about how well field-scale pilot tests will scale to commercial production, how often amendments will need to be added to maintain new methane generation, and how well MECoM strategies transfer between coal basins with different formation water geochemistries and coal ranks. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be key in determining the feasibility and commercial viability of MECoM technology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.013","usgsCitation":"Ritter, D.J., Vinson, D.S., Barnhart, E.P., Akob, D.M., Fields, M.W., Cunningham, A.B., Orem, W.H., and McIntosh, J.C., 2015, Enhanced microbial coalbed methane generation: A review of research, commercial activity, and remaining challenges: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 146, p. 28-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2015.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-065234","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/11535","text":"External Repository"},{"id":334138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588c6a8ee4b08c8121c9090a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritter, Daniel J.","contributorId":139869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13301,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vinson, David S.","contributorId":172390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25392,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025 dakob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":4980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise","email":"dakob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fields, Matthew W.","contributorId":172391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fields","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, Al B.","contributorId":178823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Al","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McIntosh, Jennifer C. 0000-0001-5055-4202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-4202","contributorId":150557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntosh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70156876,"text":"70156876 - 2015 - Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:07:37","indexId":"70156876","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic layers of living and dead vegetation cover the ground surface in many permafrost landscapes and play important roles in ecosystem processes. These soil surface organic layers (SSOLs) store large amounts of carbon and buffer the underlying permafrost and&nbsp;</span><i>its</i><span>&nbsp;contained carbon from changes in aboveground climate. Understanding the dynamics of SSOLs is a prerequisite for predicting how permafrost and carbon stocks will respond to warming climate. Here we ask three questions about SSOLs in a representative area of the Arctic Foothills region of northern Alaska: (1) What environmental factors control the thickness of SSOLs and the carbon they store? (2) How long do SSOLs take to develop on newly stabilized point bars? (3) How do SSOLs affect temperature in the underlying ground? Results show that SSOL thickness and distribution correlate with elevation, drainage area, vegetation productivity, and incoming solar radiation. A multiple regression model based on these correlations can simulate spatial distribution of SSOLs and estimate the organic carbon stored there. SSOLs develop within a few decades after a new, sandy, geomorphic surface stabilizes but require 500&ndash;700&thinsp;years to reach steady state thickness. Mature SSOLs lower the growing season temperature and mean annual temperature of the underlying mineral soil by 8 and 3&deg;C, respectively. We suggest that the proximate effects of warming climate on permafrost landscapes now covered by SSOLs will occur indirectly via climate's effects on the frequency, extent, and severity of disturbances like fires and landslides that disrupt the SSOLs and interfere with their protection of the underlying permafrost.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JG002983","usgsCitation":"Baughman, C., Mann, D., Verbyla, D.L., and Kunz, M.L., 2015, Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 6, p. 1150-1164, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002983.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1164","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064795","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg002983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.466796875,\n              67.19551751715585\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.466796875,\n              69.12344255014861\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.01708984375,\n              69.12344255014861\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.01708984375,\n              67.19551751715585\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.466796875,\n              67.19551751715585\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e6cc37e4b05561fa20a02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":97441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbyla, David L.","contributorId":84611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbyla","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, Michael L.","contributorId":50820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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