The main purpose of this report is to provide an up-to-date assessment and conceptual model of factors affecting Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) throughout its primarily annual life cycle and to demonstrate how this conceptual model can be used for scientific and management purposes. The Delta Smelt is a small estuarine fish that only occurs in the San Francisco Estuary. Once abundant, it is now rare and has been protected under the federal and California Endangered Species Acts since 1993. The Delta Smelt listing was related to a step decline in the early 1980s; however, population abundance decreased even further with the onset of the “pelagic organism decline” (POD) around 2002. A substantial, albeit short-lived, increase in abundance of all life stages in 2011 showed that the Delta Smelt population can still rebound when conditions are favorable for spawning, growth, and survival. In this report, we update previous conceptual models for Delta Smelt to reflect new data and information since the release of the last synthesis report about the POD by the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary (IEP) in 2010. Specific objectives include: 1. Provide decision makers with a practical tool for evaluating difficult trade-offs associated with management and policy decisions. 2. Provide scientists with a framework from which they can formulate and evaluate hypotheses using qualitative or quantitative models. 3. Provide the general public with a new way of learning about Delta Smelt and their habitat. Our updated conceptual model describes the habitat conditions and ecosystem drivers affecting each Delta Smelt life stage, across seasons and how the seasonal effects contribute to the annual success of the species. The conceptual model consists of two nested and linked levels of increasing specificity. The general life cycle conceptual model for four Delta Smelt life stages (adults, eggs and larvae, juveniles, and subadults) includes stationary ecosystem components and dynamic environmental drivers, habitat attributes, and Delta Smelt responses. The more detailed life stage transition conceptual models for each of the four Delta Smelt life stages describe relationships between environmental drivers, key habitat attributes, and the responses of Delta Smelt to habitat attributes as they transition from one life stage to the next. Our analyses and conceptual model show that good larval recruitment is essential for setting the stage for a strong year class; however, increased growth and survival through subsequent life stages are also needed to achieve and sustain higher population abundance. We used our conceptual model to generate 16 hypotheses about the factors that may have contributed to the 2011 increase in Delta Smelt relative abundance. We then evaluated these hypotheses by comparing habitat conditions and Delta Smelt responses in the wet year 2011 to those in the prior wet year 2006 and in the drier years 2005 and 2010. Larval recruitment was similarly high in both wet years and lower in the drier antecedent years, but juvenile and adult abundance increased only in 2011. In 2005 and 2006, the population was limited by very poor survival from the larval to the juvenile life stage. We found that in 2011, Delta Smelt may have benefitted from a combination of favorable habitat conditions throughout the year, including: 1. Adults and larvae benefitted from prolonged cool spring water temperatures, high 2011 winter and spring outflows which reduced entrainment risk and possibly improved other habitat conditions, and possibly enhanced food availability in late spring. 2. Juveniles benefitted from cool water temperatures in late spring and early summer as well as from improved food availability and low levels of harmful Microcystis. 3. Subadults also benefitted from improved food availability and from favorable habitat conditions in the large, low salinity zone (salinity 1-6) located more toward Suisun Bay,
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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa838e4b0764e6c627990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Timm, Kristin","contributorId":139461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timm","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138510,"text":"70138510 - 2015 - Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T11:20:41","indexId":"70138510","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CR-7178","title":"Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","docAbstract":"A proposed approach for groundwater remediation of uranium contamination is to generate reducing conditions by stimulating the growth of microbial populations through injection of electron donor compounds into the subsurface. Sufficiently reducing conditions will result in reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium, U(VI), and precipitation of the less soluble +4 oxidation state uranium, U(IV). This process is termed biostimulated reduction. A key issue in the remediation of uranium (U) contamination in aquifers by biostimulated reduction is the long term stability of the sequestered uranium. Three flow-through column experiments using aquifer sediment were used to evaluate the remobilization of bioreduced U sequestered under conditions in which biostimulation extended well into sulfate reduction to enhance precipitation of reduced sulfur phases such as iron sulfides. One column received added ferrous iron, Fe(II), increasing production of iron sulfides, to test their effect on remobilization of the sequestered uranium, either by serving as a redox buffer by competing for dissolved oxygen, or by armoring the reduced uranium. During biostimulation of the ambient microbial population with acetate, dissolved uranium was lowered by a factor of 2.5 or more with continued removal for over 110 days of biostimulation, well after the onset of sulfate reduction at ~30 days. Sequestered uranium was essentially all U(IV) resulting from the formation of nano-particulate uraninite that coated sediment grains to a thickness of a few 10’s of microns, sometimes in association with S and Fe. A multicomponent biogeochemical reactive transport model simulation of column effluents during biostimulation was generally able to describe the acetate oxidation, iron, sulfate, and uranium reduction for all three columns using parameters derived from simulations of field scale biostimulation experiments.
Columns were eluted with artificial groundwater at equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen to simulate the upper limit of dissolved oxygen in recharge water. Overall about 9% of total uranium removed from solution during biostimulation was remobilized. Release of U during oxic elution was a continuous process over 140 days with dissolved uranium concentrations about 0.2 and 0.8 aM for columns with and without ferrous iron addition, respectively. Uranium remaining on the sediment was in the reduced form. The prolonged period of biostimulation and concomitant sulfate reduction appears to limit the rate of U(IV) oxidative remobilization in contrast to a large release observed for columns in previous studies that did not undergo sulfate reduction. Although continued sulfate reduction may cause decreased permeability from precipitation of iron sulfide, the greater apparent stability of the sequestered U(IV) provided by the sustained biostimulation should be considered in design of field scale remediation efforts. Remobilization of uranium following biostimulated reduction should be tested further at the field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","collaboration":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Johnson, K.J., Akstin, K., Singer, D.M., Yabusaki, S.B., Fang, Y., and Fuhrmann, M., 2015, Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers, xviii, 158 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 158 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053280","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297355,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/contract/cr7178/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c627999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kelly J.","contributorId":138797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12527,"text":"MWH Global, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine kakstin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"kakstin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singer, David M.","contributorId":53278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yabusaki, Steven B.","contributorId":138798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yabusaki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fang, Yi","contributorId":138799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuhrmann, M.","contributorId":138800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuhrmann","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12528,"text":"US Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160314,"text":"70160314 - 2015 - Complex interactions between global change drivers influence mountain forest and slpine GHG sequestration and stream chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:55:11","indexId":"70160314","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Complex interactions between global change drivers influence mountain forest and slpine GHG sequestration and stream chemistry","docAbstract":"Many mountain ecosystems are experiencing coincident increases\nin temperature, levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and\natmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. All are important controls\non rates of plant growth, soil microbial activity, nutrient cycling,\nand stream N export. It is difficult for experimental studies to\nexplore ecosystem responses to more than one or two treatments\nat plot, let alone catchment, scale. One might expect, however,\necosystems to respond differently to the combined global change\ndrivers than to climate, CO2, or N alone. We explored this\nquestion for nine mountain catchments over the period 1980-\n2075 with a simulation model.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Views","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Hartman, M.D., 2015, Complex interactions between global change drivers influence mountain forest and slpine GHG sequestration and stream chemistry, in Mountain Views, v. 8, no. 1, p. 24-26.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-056121","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/publications/mtnviews.shtml"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5901b1bfe4b0c2e071a99bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, Melannie D.","contributorId":98836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Melannie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70158934,"text":"70158934 - 2015 - Automated lidar-derived canopy height estimates for the Upper Mississippi River System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:16:30","indexId":"70158934","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Automated lidar-derived canopy height estimates for the Upper Mississippi River System","docAbstract":"Land cover/land use (LCU) classifications serve as important decision support products for researchers and land managers. The LCU classifications produced by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) include canopy height estimates that are assigned through manual aerial photography interpretation techniques. In an effort to improve upon these techniques, this project investigated the use of high-density lidar data for the Upper Mississippi River System to determine canopy height. An ArcGIS tool was developed to automatically derive height modifier information based on the extent of land cover features for forest classes. The measurement of canopy height included a calculation of the average height from lidar point cloud data as well as the inclusion of a local maximum filter to identify individual tree canopies. Results were compared to original manually interpreted height modifiers and to field survey data from U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. This project demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing lidar data to more efficiently assign height modifier attributes to LCU classifications produced by the UMESC.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Redlands","usgsCitation":"Hlavacek, E., 2015, Automated lidar-derived canopy height estimates for the Upper Mississippi River System, xviI, 70 p.","productDescription":"xviI, 70 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061233","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309736,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://inspire.redlands.edu/gis_gradproj/218/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.22875213623045,\n 43.57392416032963\n ],\n [\n -91.22188568115234,\n 43.6159452654277\n ],\n [\n -91.22222900390625,\n 43.645019610189216\n ],\n [\n -91.22085571289061,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 43.68574971761676\n ],\n [\n -91.20712280273438,\n 43.705608034103555\n ],\n [\n -91.20162963867188,\n 43.766135280960974\n ],\n [\n -91.22909545898436,\n 43.78299262890581\n ],\n [\n -91.25106811523438,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -91.24969482421875,\n 43.82660134505382\n ],\n [\n -91.26480102539062,\n 43.86720808597874\n ],\n [\n -91.27578735351561,\n 43.8909650585739\n ],\n [\n -91.33621215820312,\n 43.88502670347002\n ],\n [\n -91.30050659179688,\n 43.85631630786513\n ],\n [\n -91.30050659179688,\n 43.83947964604012\n ],\n [\n -91.307373046875,\n 43.823629034783124\n ],\n [\n -91.29364013671875,\n 43.81372026502735\n ],\n [\n -91.285400390625,\n 43.80876526350847\n ],\n [\n -91.29226684570312,\n 43.79588033566535\n ],\n [\n -91.28952026367188,\n 43.7859669617277\n ],\n [\n -91.28059387207031,\n 43.78447981381514\n ],\n [\n -91.263427734375,\n 43.7824968923812\n ],\n [\n -91.25518798828125,\n 43.77406874252176\n ],\n [\n -91.25724792480469,\n 43.75919263886012\n ],\n [\n -91.26274108886719,\n 43.73736766145917\n ],\n [\n -91.27372741699219,\n 43.71652730498859\n ],\n [\n -91.27372741699219,\n 43.69716905314008\n ],\n [\n -91.27922058105469,\n 43.68326696566219\n ],\n [\n -91.28059387207031,\n 43.67532146891089\n ],\n [\n -91.28196716308594,\n 43.667871610117494\n ],\n [\n -91.27922058105469,\n 43.64899449575356\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -91.27784729003906,\n 43.601278509333646\n ],\n [\n -91.28368377685545,\n 43.597797737126044\n ],\n [\n -91.28059387207031,\n 43.57591398669178\n ],\n [\n -91.27029418945312,\n 43.561486255932145\n ],\n [\n -91.23115539550781,\n 43.560491112629286\n ],\n [\n -91.22875213623045,\n 43.57392416032963\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099aafe4b0fc4e44915800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hlavacek, Enrika 0000-0002-9872-2305 ehlavacek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-2305","contributorId":149114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hlavacek","given":"Enrika","email":"ehlavacek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189610,"text":"70189610 - 2015 - Validation of the SCEC broadband platform V14.3 simulation methods using pseudo spectral acceleration data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:10:30","indexId":"70189610","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of the SCEC broadband platform V14.3 simulation methods using pseudo spectral acceleration data","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the evaluation of ground motion simulation methods implemented on the SCEC Broadband Platform (BBP), version 14.3 (as of March 2014). A seven-member panel, the authorship of this article, was formed to evaluate those methods for the prediction of pseudo-‐spectral accelerations (PSAs) of ground motion. The panel’s mandate was to evaluate the methods using tools developed through the validation exercise (Goulet et al. ,2014), and to define validation metrics for the assessment of the methods’ performance. This paper summarizes the evaluation process and conclusions from the panel. The five broadband, finite-source simulation methods on the BBP include two deterministic approaches herein referred to as CSM (Anderson, 2014) and UCSB (Crempien and Archuleta, 2014); a band-‐limited stochastic white noise method called EXSIM (Atkinson and Assatourians, 2014); and two hybrid approaches, referred to as G&P (Graves and Pitarka, 2014) and SDSU (Olsen and Takedatsu, 2014), which utilize a deterministic Green’s function approach for periods longer than 1 second and stochastic methods for periods shorter than 1 second. \n\nTwo acceptance tests were defined to validate the broadband finite‐source ground methods (Goulet et al., 2014). Part A compared observed and simulated PSAs for periods from 0.01 to 10 seconds for 12 moderate to large earthquakes located in California, Japan, and the eastern US. Part B compared the median simulated PSAs to published NGA-‐West1 (Abrahamson and Silva, 2008; Boore and Atkinson, 2008; Campbell and Bozorgnia, 2008; and Chiou and Youngs, 2008) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for specific magnitude and distance cases using a pass-‐fail criteria based on a defined acceptable range around the spectral shape of the GMPEs. For the initial Part A and Part B validation exercises during the summer of 2013, the software for the five methods was locked in at version 13.6 (see Maechling et al., 2014). In the spring of 2014, additional moderate events were considered for the Part A validation, and additional magnitude and distance cases were considered for the Part B validation, for the software locked in at version 14.3. Several of the simulation procedures, specifically UCSB and SDSU, changed significantly between versions 13.6 and 14.3. The CSM code was not submitted in time for the v14.3 evaluation and its detailed performance is not addressed in this paper. \n\nAs described in Goulet et al. (2014) and Maechling et al. (2014), the BBP generates a variety of products, including three-‐component acceleration time series. A series of post-‐processing codes were developed to provide individual component PSAs and average median horizontal-‐component PSA (referred to as RotD50; Boore, 2010) for oscillator periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 seconds, as well as median PSA values computed using the NGA-‐West 1 GMPEs. The BBP was also configured to provide statistical analysis of simulation results relative to recordings (Part A) and GMPEs (Part B) as described further in sections below. \n\nAs part of our evaluation, we reviewed documentation provided by each of the developers, which included the technical basis behind the methods and the developer’s self-‐assessments regarding the extrapolation capabilities (in terms of magnitude and distance ranges) of their methods. Two workshops were held in which methods and results were presented, and the panel was given the opportunity to question the developers and to have detailed technical discussions. A SCEC report (Dreger et al., 2013) describes the results of this review for BBP version 13.6. This paper summarizes that work and presents results for the more recent BBP 14.3 validation.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140118","usgsCitation":"Dreger, D.S., Beroza, G.C., Day, S.M., Goulet, C.A., Jordan, T.H., Spudich, P.A., and Stewart, J.P., 2015, Validation of the SCEC broadband platform V14.3 simulation methods using pseudo spectral acceleration data: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 1, p. 39-47, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140118.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-059822","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbae4b0d1f9f065a8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dreger, Douglas S.","contributorId":55600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreger","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":191201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, Steven M.","contributorId":194804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goulet, Christine A. 0000-0002-7643-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-357X","contributorId":194805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goulet","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Thomas H","contributorId":194144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":100110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157309,"text":"70157309 - 2015 - Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:22:35","indexId":"70157309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater systems (OWS) have historically been relied on to treat conventional pollutants and pathogens in a fashion similar to that expected from centralized wastewater systems. However, based on the occurrence of, and potential effects from, contaminants of emerging concern in wastewaters, OWS as well as centralized systems need to account for these compounds in system design and use. One group of contaminants involves organic compounds such as those associated with consumer product chemicals and pharmaceuticals, which are collectively referred to as trace organic compounds (TOrCs) due to their very low levels (e.g., ng/L to ug/L) relative to other pollutants. The question being confronted today is how best to account for TOrCs in onsite system design and use while also achieving other goals such as system simplicity, limited operation and maintenance requirements, low cost, and sustainability. In contrast to conventional pollutants such as nutrients and pathogens which have specific and achievable treatment goals, there are currently no enforceable treatment standards for TOrCs, which often have non-traditional toxicological endpoints (i.e. endocrine disruption). As highlighted in this paper, there are a large number of TOrCs that can be present in OWS and they have different properties, can be present at different frequencies of occurrence and concentrations, and have different susceptibilities to treatment in OWS. In general, based on the studies summarized in this paper, TOrCs normally should not require additional considerations beyond those for conventional pollutants and pathogens (e.g., nitrogen or bacteria and virus) during design and use of OWS. That said, there are situations where TOrCs could be a serious concern warranting special consideration in system design and use. In this paper, the frequency of occurrence of TOrCs and the range of concentrations encountered are highlighted. An evolving approach is outlined that could help assess the likelihood of occurrence and levels of TOrCs along with the treatment anticipated in different OWS and assimilation conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Innovation in soil-based onsite wastewater treatment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","collaboration":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Siegrist, R., and Conn, K., 2015, Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems, in Innovation in soil-based onsite wastewater treatment, p. 255-266.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-056947","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308273,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.soils.org/meetings/specialized-conferences/onsite-wastewater"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bfe4b0e541a03e9614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegrist, Robert","contributorId":147790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegrist","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156792,"text":"70156792 - 2015 - Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T13:37:22","indexId":"70156792","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1631,"text":"Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"This fi eld guide covers a two-day west-to-east transect across the epicentral region of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake, the largest ever recorded in the Central Virginia seismic zone. The fi eld trip highlights results of recent bedrock and surficial geologic mapping in two adjoining 7.5-min quadrangles, the Ferncliff and the Pendleton, which together encompass the epicenter and most of the 2011–2012 aftershocks.\nTectonic history of the region includes early Paleozoic accretion of an island\narc (Ordovician Chopawamsic Formation) to Laurentia, intrusion of a granodiorite pluton (Ordovician Ellisville pluton), and formation of a post-Chopawamsic successor basin (Ordovician Quantico Formation), all accompanied by early Paleozoic regional deformation and metamorphism. Local transpressional faulting and retrograde metamorphism occurred in the late Paleozoic, followed by diabase dike intrusion and possible local normal faulting in the early Mesozoic. The overall goal of the bedrock mapping is to determine what existing geologic structures might have been reactivated during the 2011 seismic event, and surfi cial deposits along the South Anna River are being mapped in order to determine possible neotectonic uplift. In addition to bedrock and surfi cial studies, we have excavated trenches in an area that contains two late Paleozoic faults and represents the updip projection of the causative fault for the 2011 quake. The trenches reveal faulting that has offset surfi cial deposits dated as Quaternary in age, as well as numerous other brittle structures that suggest a geologically recent history of neotectonic activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(04)","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., Spears, D., Harrison, R., Evans, N.H., Schindler, J.S., and Counts, R.C., 2015, Geology and neotectonism in the epicentral area of the 2011 M5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: Field Guides, v. 35, p. 103-127, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(04).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-053260","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.0853271484375,\n 37.85479643784179\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 37.85479643784179\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -78.0853271484375,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -78.0853271484375,\n 37.85479643784179\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bfe4b0e541a03e9616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spears, David B.","contributorId":147157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spears","given":"David B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Nicholas H.","contributorId":147158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Counts, Ronald C. 0000-0002-8426-1990 rcounts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":5343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counts","given":"Ronald","email":"rcounts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156216,"text":"70156216 - 2015 - Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:25:30","indexId":"70156216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades","docAbstract":"Limestone cedar glades are a type of rock outcrop ecosystem characterized by shallow soil and extreme hydrologic conditions—seasonally ranging from xeric to saturated—that support a number of plant species of conservation concern. Although a rich botanical literature exists on cedar glades, soil biochemical processes and the ecology of soil microbial communities in limestone cedar glades have largely been ignored. This investigation documents the abiotic stress regime of this ecosystem (shallow soil, extreme hydrologic fluctuations and seasonally high soil surface temperatures) as well as soil physical and chemical characteristics, and relates both types of information to ecological structures and functions including vegetation, soil respiration, and soil microbial community metabolic profiles and diversity. Methods used in this investigation include field observations and measurements of soil physical and chemical properties and processes, laboratory analyses, and microbiological assays of soil samples.\nStress factors quantified by this research include shallow soil (depth to bedrock ranging from 2.4 to 22.6 cm), volumetric soil water content levels seasonally ranging from xeric (below 5%) to saturated (above 50%), and seasonally extreme ground-surface temperatures (above 48°C). Findings from this research indicate that spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in limestone cedar glades in terms of abiotic stress factors and soil physical and chemical properties. Several such soil properties (e.g. soil depth, organic matter levels, pH, and particle size distribution) are spatially correlated. These soil properties were statistically related to ecological structures and functions such as vegetation patterns, soil respiration, the density of culturable heterotrophic microbes in soil and metabolic diversity of soil microbial community profiles. In general, zones within limestone cedar glades that had relatively shallow soil, alkaline pH, low levels of organic matter and high levels of silt also tended to have depressed rates of soil respiration and reduced densities and metabolic diversity of culturable heterotrophic soil microbes. Additionally, seasonally-relevant stress factors including soil water content and temperatures at or near the soil surface were related to the same set of ecological structures and functions.","language":"English","publisher":"Tennessee State University","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., and Advised by Dzantor, E.K., 2015, Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades, 224 p.","productDescription":"224 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054403","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306724,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI3623008/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Nashville Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -87.066650390625,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -86.781005859375,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -87.16552734375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -86.71508789062499,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -86.165771484375,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -85.946044921875,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -85.75927734375,\n 35.82672127366604\n ],\n [\n -85.7427978515625,\n 36.08018188118015\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -85.6109619140625,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcce4b0a7fdb43ddefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Dzantor, E. Kudjo","contributorId":192066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Advised by Dzantor","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kudjo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136275,"text":"70136275 - 2015 - Examining the utility of satellite-based wind sheltering estimates for lake hydrodynamic modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:55:43","indexId":"70136275","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining the utility of satellite-based wind sheltering estimates for lake hydrodynamic modeling","docAbstract":"Satellite-based measurements of vegetation canopy structure have been in common use for the last decade but have never been used to estimate canopy's impact on wind sheltering of individual lakes. Wind sheltering is caused by slower winds in the wake of topography and shoreline obstacles (e.g. forest canopy) and influences heat loss and the flux of wind-driven mixing energy into lakes, which control lake temperatures and indirectly structure lake ecosystem processes, including carbon cycling and thermal habitat partitioning. Lakeshore wind sheltering has often been parameterized by lake surface area but such empirical relationships are only based on forested lakeshores and overlook the contributions of local land cover and terrain to wind sheltering. This study is the first to examine the utility of satellite imagery-derived broad-scale estimates of wind sheltering across a diversity of land covers. Using 30 m spatial resolution ASTER GDEM2 elevation data, the mean sheltering height, hs, being the combination of local topographic rise and canopy height above the lake surface, is calculated within 100 m-wide buffers surrounding 76,000 lakes in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Uncertainty of GDEM2-derived hs was compared to SRTM-, high-resolution G-LiHT lidar-, and ICESat-derived estimates of hs, respective influences of land cover type and buffer width on hsare examined; and the effect of including satellite-based hs on the accuracy of a statewide lake hydrodynamic model was discussed. Though GDEM2 hs uncertainty was comparable to or better than other satellite-based measures of hs, its higher spatial resolution and broader spatial coverage allowed more lakes to be included in modeling efforts. GDEM2 was shown to offer superior utility for estimating hs compared to other satellite-derived data, but was limited by its consistent underestimation of hs, inability to detect within-buffer hs variability, and differing accuracy across land cover types. Nonetheless, considering a GDEM2 hs-derived wind sheltering potential improved the modeled lake temperature root mean square error for non-forested lakes by 0.72 °C compared to a commonly used wind sheltering model based on lake area alone. While results from this study show promise, the limitations of near-global GDEM2 data in timeliness, temporal and spatial resolution, and vertical accuracy were apparent. As hydrodynamic modeling and high-resolution topographic mapping efforts both expand, future remote sensing-derived vegetation structure data must be improved to meet wind sheltering accuracy requirements to expand our understanding of lake processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.024","usgsCitation":"Van Den Hoek, J., Read, J.S., Winslow, L.A., Montesano, P., and Markfort, C.D., 2015, Examining the utility of satellite-based wind sheltering estimates for lake hydrodynamic modeling: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 156, p. 551-560, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.024.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"560","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058034","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a75e4b08de9379b307a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den Hoek, Jamon","contributorId":127555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Den Hoek","given":"Jamon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":5919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montesano, Paul","contributorId":131097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montesano","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7240,"text":"Sigma Space Corporation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markfort, Corey D.","contributorId":131098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markfort","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7241,"text":"IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":658287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136294,"text":"70136294 - 2015 - Estimating relative sea-level rise and submergence potential at a coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T09:43:03","indexId":"70136294","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating relative sea-level rise and submergence potential at a coastal wetland","docAbstract":"A tide gauge records a combined signal of the vertical change (positive or negative) in the level of both the sea and the land to which the gauge is affixed; or relative sea-level change, which is typically referred to as relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Complicating this situation, coastal wetlands exhibit dynamic surface elevation change (both positive and negative), as revealed by surface elevation table (SET) measurements, that is not recorded at tide gauges. Because the usefulness of RSLR is in the ability to tie the change in sea level to the local topography, it is important that RSLR be calculated at a wetland that reflects these local dynamic surface elevation changes in order to better estimate wetland submergence potential. A rationale is described for calculating wetland RSLR (RSLRwet) by subtracting the SET wetland elevation change from the tide gauge RSLR. The calculation is possible because the SET and tide gauge independently measure vertical land motion in different portions of the substrate. For 89 wetlands where RSLRwet was evaluated, wetland elevation change differed significantly from zero for 80 % of them, indicating that RSLRwet at these wetlands differed from the local tide gauge RSLR. When compared to tide gauge RSLR, about 39 % of wetlands experienced an elevation rate surplus and 58 % an elevation rate deficit (i.e., sea level becoming lower and higher, respectively, relative to the wetland surface). These proportions were consistent across saltmarsh, mangrove, and freshwater wetland types. Comparison of wetland elevation change and RSLR is confounded by high levels of temporal and spatial variability, and would be improved by co-locating tide gauge and SET stations near each other and obtaining long-term records for both.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9872-8","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., 2015, Estimating relative sea-level rise and submergence potential at a coastal wetland: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 3, p. 1077-1084, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9872-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1084","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054955","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296925,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aafe4b08de9379b317b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169993,"text":"70169993 - 2015 - Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: Sources and potential environmental and human health impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T09:08:41","indexId":"70169993","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-24T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric particulate matter in proximity to mountaintop coal mines: Sources and potential environmental and human health impacts","docAbstract":"Mountaintop removal mining (MTM) is a widely used approach to surface coal mining in the US Appalachian region whereby large volumes of coal overburden are excavated using explosives, removed, and transferred to nearby drainages below MTM operations. To investigate the air quality impact of MTM, the geochemical characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from five surface mining sites in south central West Virginia, USA, and five in-state study control sites having only underground coal mining or no coal mining whatsoever were determined and compared. Epidemiologic studies show increased rates of cancer, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality in Appalachian surface mining areas compared to Appalachian non-mining areas. In the present study, 24-h coarse (>2.5 µm) and fine (≤2.5 µm) PM samples were collected from two surface mining sites in June 2011 showed pronounced enrichment in elements having a crustal affinity (Ga, Al, Ge, Rb, La, Ce) contributed by local sources, relative to controls. Follow-up sampling in August 2011 lacked this enrichment, suggesting that PM input from local sources is intermittent. Using passive samplers, dry deposition total PM elemental fluxes calculated for three surface mining sites over multi-day intervals between May and August 2012 were 5.8 ± 1.5 times higher for crustal elements than at controls. Scanning microscopy of 2,249 particles showed that primary aluminosilicate PM was prevalent at surface mining sites compared to secondary PM at controls. Additional testing is needed to establish any link between input of lithogenic PM and disease rates in the study area.
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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T12:41:18","indexId":"70136148","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-23T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing historical trends of Hg in the Mississippi River using Hg concentrations and Hg isotopic compositions in a lake sediment core, Lake Whittington, Mississippi, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations and isotopic compositions of mercury (Hg) in a sediment core collected from Lake Whittington, an oxbow lake on the Lower Mississippi River, were used to evaluate historical sources of Hg in the Mississippi River basin. Sediment Hg concentrations in the Lake Whittington core have a large 10-15 y peak centered on the 1960s, with a maximum enrichment factor relative to Hg in the core of 4.8 in 1966. The Hg concentration profile indicates a different Hg source history than seen in most historical reconstructions of Hg loading. The timing of the peak is consistent with large releases of Hg from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), primarily in the late 1950s and 1960s. Mercury was used in a lithiumisotope separation process by ORNL and an estimated 128Mg (megagrams) of Hgwas discharged to a local stream that flows into the Tennessee River and, eventually, the Mississippi River. Mass balance analyses of Hg concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Lake Whittington core fit a binary mixing model with a Hg-rich upstream source contributing about 70% of the Hg to Lake Whittington at the height of the Hg peak in 1966. This upstream Hg source is isotopically similar to Hg isotope compositions of stream sediment collected downstream near ORNL. It is estimated that about one-half of the Hg released from the ORNL potentially reached the LowerMississippi River basin in the 1960s, suggesting considerable downstream transport of Hg. It is also possible that upstream urban and industrial sources contributed some proportion of Hg to Lake Whittington in the 1960s and 1970s.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Association for Geochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.005","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Van Metre, P., Pribil, M.J., and Horowitz, A.J., 2015, Tracing historical trends of Hg in the Mississippi River using Hg concentrations and Hg isotopic compositions in a lake sediment core, Lake Whittington, Mississippi, USA: Chemical Geology, v. 395, p. 80-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058426","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"395","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac3e4b08de9379b31ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. mpribil@usgs.gov","contributorId":2027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135832,"text":"70135832 - 2015 - Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T12:12:48","indexId":"70135832","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples","docAbstract":"Laser-diffraction technology, recently adapted for in-stream measurement of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and particle-size distributions (PSDs), was tested with a streamlined (SL), isokinetic version of the Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) for measuring volumetric SSCs and PSDs ranging from 1.8-415 µm in 32 log-spaced size classes. Measured SSCs and PSDs from the LISST-SL were compared to a suite of 22 datasets (262 samples in all) of concurrent suspended-sediment and streamflow measurements using a physical sampler and acoustic Doppler current profiler collected during 2010-12 at 16 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Illinois and Washington (basin areas: 38 – 69,264 km2). An unrealistically low computed effective density (mass SSC / volumetric SSC) of 1.24 g/ml (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.45 g/ml) provided the best-fit value (R2 = 0.95; RMSE = 143 mg/L) for converting volumetric SSC to mass SSC for over 2 orders of magnitude of SSC (12-2,170 mg/L; covering a substantial range of SSC that can be measured by the LISST-SL) despite being substantially lower than the sediment particle density of 2.67 g/ml (range: 2.56-2.87 g/ml, 23 samples). The PSDs measured by the LISST-SL were in good agreement with those derived from physical samples over the LISST-SL's measureable size range. Technical and operational limitations of the LISST-SL are provided to facilitate the collection of more accurate data in the future. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability of SSC and PSD measured by the LISST-SL is briefly described to motivate its potential for advancing our understanding of suspended-sediment transport by rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015697","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Straub, T., Curran, C.A., Landers, M.N., and Domanski, M.M., 2015, Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 1, p. 320-340, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015697.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058295","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5fe4b08de9379b3022","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014wr015697","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015697","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Czuba Jonathan A., Straub Timothy D., Curran Christopher A., Landers Mark N., Domanski Marian M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"1/2015","auditedOn":"1/12/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Domanski, Marian M. 0000-0002-0468-314X mdomanski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-314X","contributorId":5035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domanski","given":"Marian","email":"mdomanski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70137567,"text":"70137567 - 2015 - Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T15:14:18","indexId":"70137567","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions","docAbstract":"Although anisotropic least-cost-distance (LCD) modeling is becoming a common tool for estimating pedestrian-evacuation travel times out of tsunami hazard zones, there has been insufficient attention paid to understanding model sensitivity behind the estimates. To support tsunami risk-reduction planning, we explore two aspects of LCD modeling as it applies to pedestrian evacuations and use the coastal community of Seward, Alaska, as our case study. First, we explore the sensitivity of modeling to the direction of movement by comparing standard safety-to-hazard evacuation times to hazard-to-safety evacuation times for a sample of 3985 points in Seward's tsunami-hazard zone. Safety-to-hazard evacuation times slightly overestimated hazard-to-safety evacuation times but the strong relationship to the hazard-to-safety evacuation times, slightly conservative bias, and shorter processing times of the safety-to-hazard approach make it the preferred approach. Second, we explore how variations in land cover speed conservation values (SCVs) influence model performance using a Monte Carlo approach with one thousand sets of land cover SCVs. The LCD model was relatively robust to changes in land cover SCVs with the magnitude of local model sensitivity greatest in areas with higher evacuation times or with wetland or shore land cover types, where model results may slightly underestimate travel times. This study demonstrates that emergency managers should be concerned not only with populations in locations with evacuation times greater than wave arrival times, but also with populations with evacuation times lower than but close to expected wave arrival times, particularly if they are required to cross wetlands or beaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","usgsCitation":"Schmidtlein, M.C., and Wood, N.J., 2015, Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions: Applied Geography, v. 56, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046304","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab1e4b08de9379b3182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew C.","contributorId":138584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12451,"text":"Sacramento State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137531,"text":"70137531 - 2015 - Directly dated MIS 3 lake-level record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T13:40:03","indexId":"70137531","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Directly dated MIS 3 lake-level record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA","docAbstract":"An outcrop-based lake-level curve, constrained by ~ 70 calibrated 14C ages on Anodonta shells, indicates at least 8 highstands between 45 and 25 cal ka BP within 10 m of the 543-m upper threshold of Lake Manix in the Mojave Desert of southern California. Correlations of Manix highstands with ice, marine, and speleothem records suggest that at least the youngest three highstands coincide with Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) stadials and Heinrich events 3 and 4. The lake-level record is consistent with results from speleothem studies in the Southwest that indicate cool wet conditions during D–O stadials. Notably, highstands between 43 and 25 ka apparently occurred at times of generally low levels of pluvial lakes farther north as interpreted from core-based proxies. Mojave lakes may have been supported by tropical moisture sources during oxygen-isotope stage 3, perhaps controlled by southerly deflection of Pacific storm tracks due to weakening of the sea-surface temperature gradient in response to North Atlantic climate perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2014.11.003","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., Miller, D., McGeehin, J., Redwine, J.R., Oviatt, C.G., and Bright, J.E., 2015, Directly dated MIS 3 lake-level record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 83, no. 1, p. 187-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.11.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057467","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.11.003","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lake Manix, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 35.54116627999815\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 35.54116627999815\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 34.07996230865873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ce4b08de9379b304e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":138571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":131040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. mcgeehin@usgs.gov","contributorId":131038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redwine, Joanna R.","contributorId":138572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redwine","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":36580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bright, Jordon E.","contributorId":44030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70135619,"text":"70135619 - 2015 - Rising air and stream-water temperatures in Chesapeake Bay region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T13:54:01.028157","indexId":"70135619","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rising air and stream-water temperatures in Chesapeake Bay region, USA","docAbstract":"Monthly mean air temperature (AT) at 85 sites and instantaneous stream-water temperature (WT) at 129 sites for 1960–2010 are examined for the mid-Atlantic region, USA. Temperature anomalies for two periods, 1961–1985 and 1985–2010, relative to the climate normal period of 1971–2000, indicate that the latter period was statistically significantly warmer than the former for both mean AT and WT. Statistically significant temporal trends across the region of 0.023 °C per year for AT and 0.028 °C per year for WT are detected using simple linear regression. Sensitivity analyses show that the irregularly sampled WT data are appropriate for trend analyses, resulting in conservative estimates of trend magnitude. Relations between 190 landscape factors and significant trends in AT-WT relations are examined using principal components analysis. Measures of major dams and deciduous forest are correlated with WT increasing slower than AT, whereas agriculture in the absence of major dams is correlated with WT increasing faster than AT. Increasing WT trends are detected despite increasing trends in streamflow in the northern part of the study area. Continued warming of contributing streams to Chesapeake Bay likely will result in shifts in distributions of aquatic biota and contribute to worsened eutrophic conditions in the bay and its estuaries.
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Trench infiltration is a promising alternative technique for increasing recharge and minimizing evaporation. This paper uses a variably saturated flow model to further investigate the relative importance of the following variables on rates of trench infiltration to unconfined aquifers: saturated hydraulic conductivity, trench spacing and dimensions, initial water-table depth, alternate wet/dry periods, and number of parallel trenches. Modeling results showed (1) increased infiltration with higher hydraulic conductivity, deeper initial water tables, and larger spacing between parallel trenches, (2) deeper or wider trenches do not substantially increase infiltration, (3) alternating wet/dry periods result in less overall infiltration than keeping the trenches continuously full, and (4) larger numbers of parallel trenches within a fixed area increases infiltration but with a diminishing effect as trench spacing becomes tighter. 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Significant structural similarity between main features of the separately inverted Vp and resistivity models is exploited by carrying out a joint inversion of the two datasets using the normalized cross-gradient constraint. This constraint favors structurally similar Vp and resistivity images that adequately fit the seismic and magnetotelluric (MT) datasets. The new inversion code, tomoDDMT, merges the seismic inversion code tomoDD and the forward modeling and sensitivity kernel subroutines of the MT inversion code OCCAM2DMT. TomoDDMT is tested on a synthetic dataset and demonstrates the code’s ability to more accurately resolve features of the input synthetic structure relative to the separately inverted resistivity and velocity models. Using tomoDDMT, we are able to resolve a number of key issues raised during drilling at SAFOD. We are able to infer the distribution of several geologic units including the Salinian granitoids, the Great Valley sequence, and the Franciscan Formation. 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Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":173694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241572,"text":"70241572 - 2015 - Zinc isotopic signatures in eight lake sediment cores from across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T16:07:53.652679","indexId":"70241572","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-09T11:03:31","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zinc isotopic signatures in eight lake sediment cores from across the United States","docAbstract":"Zinc is an important trace element pollutant in urban environments; however, the extent of Zn contamination and the sources of urban Zn pollution are often unclear. We measured Zn concentrations and isotopes in sediment cores collected from eight lakes or reservoirs across the United States. We paired these data with historical records of land use within each watershed to calculate a mean Zn concentration and δ66Zn for natural (less than 5% urban land use; 123 ± 21.7 mg/kg; +0.33 ± 0.08‰, n = 6 lakes) and urban (greater than 70% urban land use; 389 ± 200 mg/kg; +0.14 ± 0.07‰, n = 3 lakes) lake sediments. The relation between Zn concentration data and Zn isotope data allows us to create a mixing model between two end members: natural and urban. The δ66Zn of the urban end-member is consistent with Zn pollution from vehicle-related sources (tire wear and emissions). Application of this model to samples collected from lakes recording periods ranging from 5 to 70% urban land use in their surrounding watersheds indicates that the lakes and reservoirs were affected by large amounts of Zn from urban sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es5036893","usgsCitation":"Thapalia, A., Borrok, D., Van Metre, P.C., and Wilson, J.T., 2015, Zinc isotopic signatures in eight lake sediment cores from across the United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 132-140, https://doi.org/10.1021/es5036893.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"140","ipdsId":"IP-058339","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n 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Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139974,"text":"70139974 - 2015 - Discussion and Review of “Seismology of the Oso-Steelhead landslide” by Hibert, Stark, and Ekstrom","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T12:43:41","indexId":"70139974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-05T12:39:04","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion and Review of “Seismology of the Oso-Steelhead landslide” by Hibert, Stark, and Ekstrom","docAbstract":"In this study, Hibert et al. use the seismic waves generated by the disastrous 22 March 2014 landslide near Oso, Washington to investigate the dynamics of the event by combining long-period source inversions and short period analysis. Overall the paper is concise and well written and takes an innovative approach by integrating both high- and low-frequency seismic data together in the interpretation. It also demonstrates the useful prospect of resolving a trajectory of the center of mass of the landslide from a few traces of noisy seismic data. \n\nHowever, the main point of discussion that I would like to address stems from differences between the findings by Hibert et al. and the findings of a recently published multidisciplinary paper on the Oso landslide (Iverson et al., 2015). I am a co-author on the paper and performed the seismic analysis, which was similar to that of Hibert et al., yet the interpretation of how the event unfolded differs significantly between the two papers. In my opinion, this stems largely from a difference in information, some of which Hibert et al. unfortunately did not have access to prior to submission because it was just published in Iverson et al. (2015). However, differences also seem to stem from technical details of the methods and data used. Typically, such details are only of interest to seismologists, but in this case they make a substantial difference in understanding how the event unfolded and how it became so disastrous. For that reason, they are worthy of discussion here.\n\nThe crux of the difference lies in two points 1) Iverson et al. (2015) found a multi-stage initiation of the main event, while Hibert et al. did not and 2) Iverson et al. (2015) found the second high-frequency event to be from a significantly smaller debris fall whereas Hibert et al. estimate it to be a substantial mass. I detail these two points below, then follow with an additional comment regarding the trajectory estimation made by Hibert et al. and some minor comments.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-15-1265-2015","usgsCitation":"Allstadt, K.E., 2015, Discussion and Review of “Seismology of the Oso-Steelhead landslide” by Hibert, Stark, and Ekstrom: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, p. C3274-C3283, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1265-2015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"C3274","endPage":"C3283","ipdsId":"IP-062755","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1265-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E. 0000-0003-4977-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-5248","contributorId":138704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134679,"text":"70134679 - 2015 - Dynamics of virus shedding and in situ confirmation of chelonid herpesvirus 5 in Hawaiian green turtles with Fibropapillomatosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T10:13:57","indexId":"70134679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of virus shedding and in situ confirmation of chelonid herpesvirus 5 in Hawaiian green turtles with Fibropapillomatosis","docAbstract":"Cancers in humans and animals can be caused by viruses, but virus-induced tumors are considered to be poor sites for replication of intact virions (lytic replication). Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease associated with a herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), that affects green turtles globally. ChHV5 probably replicates in epidermal cells of tumors, because epidermal intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) contain herpesvirus-like particles. However, although EIIs are a sign of herpesvirus replication, they have not yet been firmly linked to ChHV5. Moreover, the dynamics of viral shedding in turtles are unknown, and there are no serological reagents to confirm actual presence of the specific ChHV5 virus in tissues. The investigators analyzed 381 FP tumors for the presence of EIIs and found that overall, about 35% of green turtles had lytic replication in skin tumors with 7% of tumors showing lytic replication. A few (11%) turtles accounted for more than 30% cases having lytic viral replication, and lytic replication was more likely in smaller tumors. To confirm that turtles were actively replicating ChHV5, a prerequisite for shedding, the investigators used antiserum raised against F-VP26, a predicted capsid protein of ChHV5 that localizes to the host cell nucleus during viral replication. This antiserum revealed F-VP26 in EIIs of tumors, thus confirming the presence of replicating ChHV5. In this light, it is proposed that unlike other virus-induced neoplastic diseases, FP is a disease that may depend on superspreaders, a few highly infectious individuals growing numerous small tumors permissive to viral production, for transmission of ChHV5.
","language":"English","publisher":"American College of Veterinary Pathologists","doi":"10.1177/0300985814560236","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Dagenais, J., Balazs, G.H., Schettle, N., and Ackermann, M., 2015, Dynamics of virus shedding and in situ confirmation of chelonid herpesvirus 5 in Hawaiian green turtles with Fibropapillomatosis: Veterinary Pathology, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1195-1201, https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985814560236.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1201","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056849","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185aee4b0aa6d778520d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dagenais, Julie 0000-0001-5560-9946 jdagenais@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-9946","contributorId":5955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dagenais","given":"Julie","email":"jdagenais@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balazs, George H.","contributorId":127680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7109,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schettle, Nelli","contributorId":127681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schettle","given":"Nelli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7110,"text":"Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ackermann, Mathias","contributorId":127682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackermann","given":"Mathias","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7110,"text":"Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70141917,"text":"70141917 - 2015 - Dispersal and selection mediate hybridization between a native and invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-03T14:42:19","indexId":"70141917","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3173,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal and selection mediate hybridization between a native and invasive species","docAbstract":"Hybridization between native and non-native species has serious biological consequences, but our understanding of how dispersal and selection interact to influence invasive hybridization is limited. Here, we document the spread of genetic introgression between a native (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and invasive (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout, and identify the mechanisms influencing genetic admixture. In two populations inhabiting contrasting environments, non-native admixture increased rapidly from 1984 to 2007 and was driven by surprisingly consistent processes. Individual admixture was related to two phenotypic traits associated with fitness: size at spawning and age of juvenile emigration. Fish with higher non-native admixture were larger and tended to emigrate at a younger age—relationships that are expected to confer fitness advantages to hybrid individuals. However, strong selection against non-native admixture was evident across streams and cohorts (mean selection coefficient against genotypes with non-native alleles (s) ¼ 0.60; s.e. ¼ 0.10). Nevertheless, hybridization was promoted in both streams by the continuous immigration of individuals with high levels of non-native admixture from other hybrid source populations. Thus, antagonistic relationships between dispersal and selection are mediating invasive hybridization between these fish, emphasizing that data on dispersal and natural selection are needed to fully understand the dynamics of introgression between native and non-native species. .
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2014.2454","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R.P., Muhlfeld, C.C., Boyer, M.C., Lowe, W., Allendorf, F., and Luikart, G., 2015, Dispersal and selection mediate hybridization between a native and invasive species: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 282, 9 p.; 20142454, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2454.","productDescription":"9 p.; 20142454","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054058","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2454","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54edaeb9e4b02d776a6849a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P. rkovach@usgs.gov","contributorId":5772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan","email":"rkovach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew C.","contributorId":48468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":64532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor H.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":83432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}