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An epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC), Laurel, Maryland (USA), in 1989 provided an opportunity to determine if EEE immunization protected whooping cranes (Grus americana). Based on seroconversion of 31% of sympatric hatch-year sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis, and a previous 35% case fatality rate in whooping cranes, 17 (37%) of the 46 susceptible whooping cranes should have been exposed to virus and six should have died. As there were no deaths in these birds, the EEE vaccination program appeared to be efficacious in this whooping crane population.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-33.2.312","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., Turell, M., and Pagac, B., 1997, Efficacy of eastern encephalitis immunization in whooping cranes: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 33, no. 2, p. 312-315, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-33.2.312.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"312","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turell, M.J.","contributorId":6558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagac, B.B.","contributorId":89632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagac","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223640,"text":"5223640 - 1997 - Migration chronology and distribution of redheads on the lower Laguna Madre, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-19T01:01:57","indexId":"5223640","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration chronology and distribution of redheads on the lower Laguna Madre, Texas","docAbstract":"An estimated 80% of redheads (Aythya americana) winter on the Laguna Madre of southern Texas and Mexico. Because there have been profound changes in the Laguna Madre over the past three decades and the area is facing increasing industrial and recreational development, we studied the winter distribution and habitat requirements of redheads during two winters (1987-1988 and 1988-1989) on the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas to provide information that could be used to understand, identify, and protect wintering redhead habitat. Redheads began arriving on the Lower Laguna Madre during early October in 1987 and 1988, and continued to arrive through November. Redhead migration was closely associated with passing weather fronts. Redheads arrived on the day a front arrived and during the following two days; no migrants were observed arriving the day before a weather front arrived. Flock size of arriving redheads was 26.4 ± 0.6 birds and did not differ among days or by time of day (morning midday, or afternoon). Number of flocks arriving per 0.5 h interval (arrival rate) was greater during afternoon (21.7 ± 0.6) than during morning (4.3 ± 1.2) or midday (1.5 ± 0.4) on the day of frontal passage and during the first day after frontal passage. Upon arrival, redhead flocks congregated in the central portion of the Lower Laguna Madre. They continued to use the central portion throughout the winter, but gradually spread to the northern and southern ends of the lagoon. Seventy-one percent of the area used by flocks was vegetated with shoalgrass (Halodule wrightii) although shoalgrass covered only 32% of the lagoon. Flock movements seemed to be related to tide level; redheads moved to remain in water 12-30 cm deep. These data can be used by the environmental community to identify and protect this unique and indispensable habitat for wintering redheads.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Norman, OK","collaboration":"issue unavailable at JSTOR 11/04/08","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T., and Zwank, P., 1997, Migration chronology and distribution of redheads on the lower Laguna Madre, Texas: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 42, no. 1, p. 40-51.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16039,"rank":200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30054059","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Madre","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zwank, P.J.","contributorId":8961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223362,"text":"5223362 - 1997 - Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:45:37","indexId":"5223362","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:58","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","docAbstract":"

We investigated the dynamics of a wintering population of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) using data from a long-term capture-recapture study. Goodness-of-fit and likelihood-ratio tests indicated that the standard Jolly-Seber model was inadequate for the data, so we explored different parameterizations of a model in which survival probability for new captures differed from that of previously marked birds. One possible explanation for the lower local survival rate of new captures is that some of the birds were transients that had no chance of being recaptured. Average survival probability over the entire period was 0.62, and the estimated fraction of transients among unmarked birds was 0.27. We found evidence that chickadee survival rates were lower in years immediately following establishment of the Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) as a territorial species (after 1967) than during years immediately preceding this event. We found no evidence that chickadee survival rates were lower in the years immediately following establishment of territorial raptors (after 1984) than during preceding years. Evidence suggested a long-term decline in survival probability from 1959 to 1991.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089244","usgsCitation":"Loery, G., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1997, Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 431-442, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loery, G.","contributorId":46182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loery","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159583,"text":"70159583 - 1997 - Strategic plan for the National Mapping Divison of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T13:35:09","indexId":"70159583","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-02T01:15:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Strategic plan for the National Mapping Divison of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"

The National Mapping Division (NMD) has developed this comprehensive strategic plan to chart its course over the next decade. To meet the challenge of the future, the NMD is changing its program emphasis, methods of responding to customer need and business practices. The NMD Strategic Plan identifies the new direction for the Division through a series of goals and actions for managers to use in formulating plans, establishing program emphasis, and determining resource needs and allocations into the next century.

\n

The Plan refines the NMD mission on the basis of several key issues that are expected to face the Division in the next decade. Th first of these is the continuing advances in technology and telecommunications. Related to this is the growth in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and the demand for data to use in GIS's.  Also, a trend exists toward decreasing cost of both the data and the systems, leading to even more demand for and use of data and technology by more users. Another is a changing customer base and increasing demand for NMD products and services. Finally, the financial resource available to the NMD are anticipated to remain relatively static.

\n

The Plan assumes that a much greater reliance on partnerships with other government agencies and the private sector for production activities will be permanent. It calls for significantly greater emphasis on the inherently governmental information management responsibilities and on geographic research to support the Division's mission. Multipartner consortia and shared funding agreements will constitute the basis for meeting most mapping needs in the future, with the NMD appropriation focused on map revision in areas of importance to the Federal Government. Mapping Centers will be encouraged to increase partnership agreements to meet mission requirements. The Division will continue to constrain employment, targeting new hiring to specific skills needed to support the revised mission in areas such as quality assurance, data standards development and maintenance, contract management, and information management. Retraining opportunities for current employees will be a high priority.

\n

The Bureau Strategic Plan was reviewed carefully to assure that the NMD Strategic Plan would be consistent with it. The Division planning team built on the conclusion of the Bureau Plan regarding the political, economic, societal, and global force that will affect our program in the future. The NMD Strategic Plan also embraces all of the core competencies and business activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70159583","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division, 1997, Strategic plan for the National Mapping Divison of the U.S. Geological Survey, ix, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70159583.","productDescription":"ix, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159583.jpg"},{"id":313211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159583/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"tableOfContents":"

 

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5643234ee4b0aafbcd018023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division","contributorId":128185,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division","id":579576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200161,"text":"5200161 - 1997 - An assessment of campsite conditions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":77,"text":"Research/Resources Management Report.","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"An assessment of campsite conditions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"This research effort designed and implemented a backcountry campsite monitoring program for Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). This report reviews the need for visitor impact monitoring programs, describes monitoring procedures developed and applied at GSMNP, presents results from the first monitoring cycle, evaluates current park camping management policies, and provides recommendations for reducing campingrelated visitor impacts. Field staff assessed 377 campsites at 82 designated backcountry campgrounds, and all 18 shelters. Campgrounds are frequently bisected by park trails and more than half (188, 58%) of legal campsites are within 100 feet of a park trail. High campsite intervisibility diminishes the potential for solitude; 79% of the campsites have at least one other site visible, 26% have three or more other sites visible. Campsite conditions are quite variable, with some campgrounds exhibiting generally good conditions while others are exceptionally large, with substantial vegetation loss, soil exposure, and damage to trees. Evaluations of campsite condition data reveal a number of potential problems, most notably: 1) campsite proliferation, 2) campsite expansion and excessive size, 3) excessive vegetation loss and soil exposure, 4) excessive campfire-related degradation, and 5) low visitor solitude at campsites. Data are used to characterize these problems and evaluate influential relationships and contributing causes. Recreation ecology findings from other studies are considered in evaluating alternative management responses. Park backcountry management policies are also reviewed and recommendations are offered for management consideration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Gatlinburg, TN","collaboration":"OCLC: 187957564","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., and Leung, Y., 1997, An assessment of campsite conditions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Research/Resources Management Report., xiv, 127.","productDescription":"xiv, 127","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6859c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leung, Y-L","contributorId":88460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Y-L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210852,"text":"5210852 - 1997 - Development of an IBI-based assessment of depressional wetlands in Maryland and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5210852","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of an IBI-based assessment of depressional wetlands in Maryland and Delaware","docAbstract":"The hydrogeomorphic approach (HGM) of wetland assessment emphasizes functional components of wetlands such as water storage, transformation and cycling of elements, accumulation of sediments, and preservation of habitats. Many of the elements measured in HGM are physical rather than ecological or biological. The HGM approach, therefore, provides information on certain aspects of wetlands and omits other aspects. In contrast, the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) approach focuses on biological components of wetlands such as species richness, the presence or proportion of certain 'indicator' species, representation of different trophic levels, and measures of wildlife or fish health. Here too, some aspects of a wetland are omitted and others not covered by HGM are included. We contend that these differences in focus add strengths and weaknesses to each method. This paper reviews progress on the development of IBIs for restored depressional wetlands in the Mid-Atlantic States, especially Maryland and Delaware. During our first field season we identified 25 wetlands ranging from 1-10 acres, most of which were restored with federal, state, and private landowner cooperation over hydric soils. Separate IBIs are being created for macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and data on mammal and avian populations are being collected. Simultaneously, chemical and physical data are being collected on water DO, turbidity, temperature, conductivity, nitrates, ammonia, chlorophyll, pH; soil metal levels and texture; and wetland size, configuration, hydrology, drainage area, and surrounding land use. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Future of Wetland Assessment: Applying science through the hydrogeomorphic assessment approach and other approaches. Abstracts of a meeting held March 10-13, 1997, Parole, Maryland.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association of State Wetland Managers and Institute for Wetland Science and Public Policy.","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Keller, M., Lowe, T., Perry, M., Teels, B., Brown, L., Mazanti, L., and Melvin, N., 1997, Development of an IBI-based assessment of depressional wetlands in Maryland and Delaware, chap. of The Future of Wetland Assessment: Applying science through the hydrogeomorphic assessment approach and other approaches. Abstracts of a meeting held March 10-13, 1997, Parole, Maryland., p. 88-89.","startPage":"88","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Michael","contributorId":42681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, M.","contributorId":12159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Teels, B.","contributorId":79991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teels","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazanti, L.","contributorId":88066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazanti","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melvin, N.","contributorId":42682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5210851,"text":"5210851 - 1997 - Effectiveness of mitigation measures with constructed forested wetlands in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210851","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effectiveness of mitigation measures with constructed forested wetlands in Maryland","docAbstract":"Intensive research on six constructed forested wetlands in Central Maryland was conducted in 1993-1996 to determine success of these habitats as functional forested wetlands for wildlife. Areas studied ranged in size from 2 to 35 acres and were constructed by private companies under contract with three mitigation agencies. Adjacent natural forested wetlands were used as reference sites where similar data were collected. Based on data from the first four years of this study it appears that it will take 35-50 years before these areas have forested wetland vegetation and wildlife similar to that found on mature forested wetlands. This long-time period is based on the high mortality and slow growth of nursery-stock trees and shrubs transplanted on the areas. Mortality and slow growth resulted mostly from excessive surface water on the sites. The level of ground water did not appear to be a factor in regard to transplant mortality. Green ash was the woody transplant species that had the least mortality. Sampling of vegetative ground cover with one-meter square quadrats showed the predominance of grasses and herbs. [abridged abstract]","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Future of Wetland Assessment: Applying science through the hydrogeomorphic assessment approach and other approaches. Abstracts of a meeting held March 10-13, 1997, Parole, Maryland.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association of State Wetland Managers and Institute for Wetland Science and Public Policy.","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1997, Effectiveness of mitigation measures with constructed forested wetlands in Maryland, chap. of The Future of Wetland Assessment: Applying science through the hydrogeomorphic assessment approach and other approaches. Abstracts of a meeting held March 10-13, 1997, Parole, Maryland., p. 69-70.","startPage":"69","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210911,"text":"5210911 - 1997 - Subspecies composition of sandhill crane harvest in North Dakota, 1968-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:52:24","indexId":"5210911","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Subspecies composition of sandhill crane harvest in North Dakota, 1968-94","docAbstract":"North Dakota is a major fall staging area for the Midcontinent Population of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis), which is composed of three subspecies: the greater (G. c. tabida), Canadian (G. c. rowani), and lesser (G. c. canadensis). The number of cranes killed by hunters in North Dakota averaged 6,793 during 1990-94 seasons, ranking second highest among crane-hunting states. The distribution of harvest among subspecies is important, due to concerns about the poorly known status of these subspecies, especially the greater. We estimated subspecies composition of the harvest in North Dakota using morphometric data collected from field samples of birds harvested since 1968. Subspecies composition varied both spatially (across counties from east to west) and temporally (among 3 periods of distinct harvest regulations and within season). Lessers predominated in the west and Canadians and greaters in the east. For the 1990-94 period we estimated that mortality due to hunting in North Dakota averaged at least 1,085 (18%) greaters, 2,138 (36%) Canadians, and 2,716 (46%) lessers.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh North American Crane Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North American Crane Working Group","publisherLocation":"Grand Island, Nebraska","collaboration":"January 10-13, 1996, Biloxi, Miss.","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Johnson, D.H., and Kohn, S.C., 1997, Subspecies composition of sandhill crane harvest in North Dakota, 1968-94, chap. of Proceedings of the seventh North American Crane Workshop, p. 201-208.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aee","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbanek, R.P.","contributorId":47891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507323,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stahlecker, D.W.","contributorId":95584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahlecker","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507324,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohn, S. C.","contributorId":100808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210882,"text":"5210882 - 1997 - A new database on contaminant exposure and effects in terrestrial vertebrates for natural resource managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5210882","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A new database on contaminant exposure and effects in terrestrial vertebrates for natural resource managers","docAbstract":"The Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) program of the Department of the Interior is focused to identify and understand effects of contaminant stressors on biological resources under their stewardship. Despite the desire of many to continuously monitor the environmental health of our estuaries, much can be learned by summarizing existing temporal, geographic, and phylogenetic contaminant information. To this end, retrospective contaminant exposure and effects data for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals residing within 30 km of Atlantic coast estuaries are being assembled through searches of published literature (e.g., Fisheries Review, Wildlife Review, BIOSIS Previews) and databases (e.g., US EPA Ecological Incident Information System; USGS Diagnostic and Epizootic Databases), and compilation of summary data from unpublished reports of government natural resource agencies, private conservation groups, and universities. These contaminant exposure and effect data for terrestrial vertebrates (CEE-TV) are being summarized using Borland dBASE in a 96- field format, including species, collection time and site coordinates, sample matrix, contaminant concentration, biomarker and bioindicator responses, and source of information (N>1500 records). This CEE-TV database has been imported into the ARC/INFO geographic information system (GIS), for purposes of examining geographic coverage and trends, and to identify critical data gaps. A preliminary risk assessment will be conducted to identify and characterize contaminants and other stressors potentially affecting terrestrial vertebrates that reside, migrate through or reproduce in these estuaries. Evaluations are underway, using specific measurement and assessment endpoints, to rank and prioritize estuarine ecosystems in which terrestrial vertebrates are potentially at risk for purposes of prediction and focusing future biomonitoring efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Organization of Fish and Wildlife Information Managers 5th Annual Conference, August 3-4, Reston, VA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Pearson, J., Garrett, L., Erwin, R., Walz, A., and Ottinger, M.A., 1997, A new database on contaminant exposure and effects in terrestrial vertebrates for natural resource managers, chap. of Proceedings: Organization of Fish and Wildlife Information Managers 5th Annual Conference, August 3-4, Reston, VA, p. 71-74.","startPage":"71","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abd0f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barrett, H.R.","contributorId":111639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, J.L.","contributorId":14542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, L.J.","contributorId":37863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walz, A.","contributorId":75659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5210877,"text":"5210877 - 1997 - Optimal management strategies for biodiversity within a powerline right-of-way","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210877","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Optimal management strategies for biodiversity within a powerline right-of-way","docAbstract":"Management techniques used to control vegetation along a new 8.5 km- (5.3 mile) long powerline right-of-way located at Patuxent Research Refuge are being evaluated to identify changes in habitat that affect wildlife. Techniques include: complete mow, strip mow, low volume foliar spray, selective basal spray, and tree topping. One hundred and one bird species were recorded during line transect sampling along the right-of-way. The eastern towhee had the highest frequency of occurrence followed by the field sparrow and the common yellowthroat. The field sparrow had the highest numbers per visit followed by the eastern towhee and eastern bluebird. Fifteen species were recorded in numbers greater than ten individuals per visit in at least one season of the year. Nine species of mammals were trapped in live traps during the study and four other mammal species were observed but not captured. Twelve species of amphibians and six species of reptiles were trapped in pitfall or funnel traps. Differences in the distribution of species seemed to be related to the physical and hydrological features of the right-of-way. Although no major differences in the distribution of wildlife species resulted from the vegetation management, differences are expected in the future as vegetation differences become more pronounced. Data from this study will be of value to resource managers attempting to provide optimal habitat for biodiversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Right-of-Way Management: 24-26 February 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","collaboration":" PDF on file: 5134_Perry.pdf","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Osenton, P., Fallon, F., and Fallon, J., 1997, Optimal management strategies for biodiversity within a powerline right-of-way, chap. of Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Right-of-Way Management: 24-26 February 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana, p. 133-139.","productDescription":"x, 511","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcfce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, James R.=","contributorId":112619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507259,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodrich-Mahoney, John W.","contributorId":111383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich-Mahoney","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507257,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wisniewski, Jan R.","contributorId":112342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507258,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wisniewski, Joe","contributorId":113589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisniewski","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507260,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osenton, P.C.","contributorId":20441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osenton","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fallon, F.W.","contributorId":80794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fallon, J.E.","contributorId":50629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85806,"text":"ofr97530B - 1997 - Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T11:25:58","indexId":"ofr97530B","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-530","chapter":"B","title":"Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","docAbstract":"This document provides the requested vision for the future of the National Strong-Motion Program operated by the US Geological Survey. Options for operation of the program are presented in a companion document. \r\n\r\nEach of the three major charges of the EHRP, program council pertaining to the vision document is addressed here. The 'Vision Summary' through a series of answers to specific questions is intended to provide a complete synopsis of the committees response to program council charges. The Vision for the Future of the NSMP is presented as section III of the Summary. \r\n\r\nAnalysis and detailed discussion supporting the answers in the summary are presented as sections organized according to the charges of the program council. The mission for the program is adopted from that developed at the national workshop entitled 'Research Needs for Strong Motion Data to Support Earthquake Engineering' sponsored by the National Science Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97530B","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program, 1997, Vision for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-530, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97530B.","productDescription":"46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-530/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","contributorId":128224,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","id":534967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039556,"text":"70039556 - 1997 - National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039556","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-10T14:04:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997","docAbstract":"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Mapping Division (NMD) is to meet the Nation's need for basic geopspatial data, ensuring access to and advancing the application of these data and other related earth science information for users worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039556","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, National Mapping Division Strategic Direction 1997, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039556.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261680,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039556/report.pdf"},{"id":261681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039556/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61e8e4b0c8380cd71c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80028,"text":"fs13597 - 1997 - Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T10:51:33","indexId":"fs13597","displayToPublicDate":"2007-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"135-97","title":"Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah","docAbstract":"

The Bonneville Salt Flats study area is located in the western part of the Great Salt Lake Desert in northwestern Utah, about 110 miles west of Salt Lake City. The salt crust covers about 50 square miles, but the extent varies yearly as a result of salt being dissolved by the formation and movement of surface ponds during the winter and redeposited with the evaporation of these ponds during the summer.

A decrease in thickness and extent of the salt crust on the Bonneville Salt Flats has been documented during 1960-88 (S. Brooks, Bureau of Land Management, written commun., 1989). Maximum salt-crust thickness was 7 feet in 1960 and 5.5 feet in 1988. No definitive data are available to identify and quantify the processes that cause salt loss. More than 55 million tons of salt are estimated to have been lost from the salt crust during the 28-year period. The Bureau of Land Management needs to know the causes of salt loss to make appropriate management decisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs13597","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., and Kipp, K.L., 1997, Investigation of salt loss from the Bonneville Salt Flats, northwestern Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 135-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13597.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_135_97.jpg"},{"id":334643,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs135-97/PDF/FS97-135.pdf","size":"516 kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs135-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville Salt Flat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,40.5 ], [ -114.25,41 ], [ -113.5,41 ], [ -113.5,40.5 ], [ -114.25,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66890a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019575,"text":"70019575 - 1997 - Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:13:45.127802","indexId":"70019575","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","docAbstract":"

Estimates of the effective number of breeding adults were derived for three semi-isolated populations of the common toad Bufo bufo based on temporal (i.e. adult-progeny) variance in allele frequency for three highly polymorphic minisatellite loci. Estimates of spatial variance in allele frequency among populations and of age-specific measures of genetic variability are also described. Each population was characterized by a low effective adult breeding number (Nb) based on a large age-specific variance in mini-satellite allele frequency. Estimates of Nb (range 21–46 for population means across three loci) were ≊ 55–230-fold lower than estimates of total adult census size. The implications of low effective breeding numbers for long-term maintenance of genetic variability and population viability are discussed relative to the species' reproductive ecology, current land-use practices, and present and historical habitat modification and loss. The utility of indirect measures of population parameters such as Nb and Ne based on time-series data of minisatellite allele frequencies is discussed relative to similar measures estimated from commonly used genetic markers such as protein allozymes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K., Arntzen, J., and Burke, T., 1997, Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci: Molecular Ecology, v. 6, no. 8, p. 701-712, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Great Britain","otherGeospatial":"Leicestershire region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.80942650179185\n ],\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.455679592591935\n ],\n [\n -0.7028298810264744,\n 52.455679592591935\n ],\n [\n -0.7028298810264744,\n 52.80942650179185\n ],\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.80942650179185\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0634e4b0c8380cd51153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arntzen, J.W.","contributorId":8242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntzen","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, T.","contributorId":16362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44354,"text":"ofr97222 - 1997 - Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr97222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-222","title":"Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97222","usgsCitation":"Covay, K.J., and Bevans, H.E., 1997, Data on ground-water quality, Reno-Sparks area, Nevada, 1994 and 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-222, 1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97222.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 68 x 50 cm., on sheet 104 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81658,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0222/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c82c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covay, Kenneth J.","contributorId":61865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22123,"text":"ofr9716 - 1997 - Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:29:52.969733","indexId":"ofr9716","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-16","displayTitle":"Reworking of Aggraded Debris Fans by the 1996 Controlled Flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","title":"Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"

Debris flows from 600 tributaries in Grand Canyon periodically deposit poorly sorted sediment on debris fans along the Colorado River between Lakes Powell and Mead. Before regulation, stable fans and rapids along the river resulted from the interaction of tributary debris flows and large, mainstem floods. Floods in the Colorado River maintained fans and rapids as highly-reworked deposits of boulders and cobbles. After the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, decreases in stage and stream power associated with reduced annual peak flows drastically reduced the amount of debris-fan reworking. Previous research has shown that modest powerplant releases from Glen Canyon Dam, particularly in combination with tributary floods, can significantly rework aggraded debris fans. These limited flows have entrained boulders up to 1 mo in diameter, although discharges greatly exceeding the maximum powerplant release (946 m3/s) would be required to completely remove most aggraded fans.

From 1987 through 1995, debris flows constricted the Colorado River at the mouths of at least 25 tributary canyons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, creating 2 new rapids and narrowing at least 9 existing riffles or rapids. The highest peak discharge on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon between 1986 and 1996 was 960 m3/s in January 1993. In March-April 1996, we studied the effects of a 7-day flood release that peaked at 1,370 m3/s on 18 recently aggraded debris fans downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.

The largest changes occurred at Badger and Lava Falls rapids, 38 and 312 km downstream from the dam, respectively; several other aggraded debris fans were only slightly changed. Areas of aggraded debris fans decreased by 2 to 42 percent; only the debris fan at Bedrock Rapid, which is controlled by a large bedrock outcrop, increased in area owing to deposition of reworked sediment on the downstream margin. Volumes decreased on 7 of 9 debris fans by 3 to 34 percent. The distal margins of most recently aggraded debris fans became armored with a lag of cobbles and boulders, and the width of the reworked zone on most debris fans increased by 4 to 30 m. Constriction of the river decreased at 11 of 18 debris fans, although some rapids, such as Tanner Rapid, became slightly more constricted at low discharges owing to changes in stage-discharge relations. Velocities on the left and right sides of Lava Falls Rapid decreased by about half, but velocities increased in three other rapids (e.g., Badger Creek Rapid). Stream power per unit width decreased in 9 of 10 rapids because of decreases in water-surface fall and widening of the rapids. Changes in the sizes of upper pool sand bars were inconsistent, although separation bars downstream from the reworked debris fan generally increased in size.

The amount of stream power generated by the controlled flood greatly affected the variability of reworking among the 18 debris fans. For a given discharge, mainstem reworking is expected to vary with channel and debris-fan geometry, the initial particle-size distribution of the deposit, and distance from the dam. The elapsed time between debris flow and the controlled flood also was important because larger particles at older deposits became interlocked, imbricated, and (or) sutured together during smaller dam releases combined with tributary floods in January 1993 and August 1994. The effectiveness of future floods of similar magnitude in reworking debris fans will depend in part on the release history and extent of armoring in the period between the debris flow and the flood. If reworking of debris fans is a criterion for design of future controlled floods, our data support release of a higher peak discharge of shorter duration shortly after constricting debris flows occur.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9716","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., Griffiths, P.G., and Elliott, J.G., 1997, Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-16, ii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9716.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21866,"text":"ofr9721 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:35:29","indexId":"ofr9721","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-21","title":"Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"

This study was part of the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) Program, a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research was part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. The research area was located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. This report presents temperature, precipitation, soil-moisture, water-quality, and other data collected during 1991-95 to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality at the Princeton MSEA.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9721","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Nelson, K., Wanty, R., Healy, R.W., Olson, H., Böhlke, J., Schroyer, B., and Capel, P., 1997, Hydrogeologic and water-quality data used to evaluate the effects of focused recharge on ground-water quality near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-21, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9721.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.52306687976779\n ],\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.532086387683606\n ],\n [\n -93.61398696899414,\n 45.532086387683606\n ],\n [\n -93.61398696899414,\n 45.52306687976779\n ],\n [\n -93.62557411193848,\n 45.52306687976779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628d58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, H.W.","contributorId":32150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schroyer, B. R.","contributorId":54226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroyer","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":31447,"text":"ofr97635 - 1997 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chapter 3, Automated data processing system","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31447,"text":"ofr97635 - 1997 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chapter 3, Automated data processing system","indexId":"ofr97635","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chapter 3, Automated data processing system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":53682,"text":"ofr03123 - 2003 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS)","indexId":"ofr03123","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS)"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":53682,"text":"ofr03123 - 2003 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS)","indexId":"ofr03123","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"ofr97635","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-635","title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chapter 3, Automated data processing system","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97635","usgsCitation":"Bartholoma, S.D., 1997, User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chapter 3, Automated data processing system (Version 3.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-635, illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97635.","productDescription":"illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 3.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholoma, Scott D.","contributorId":39408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholoma","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31448,"text":"ofr97636 - 1997 - User's manual for the National Water Information System (NWIS); Chapter 5, Water-use data system; Part 1, Site-specific water-use data system (SWUDS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"ofr97636","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-636","title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System (NWIS); Chapter 5, Water-use data system; Part 1, Site-specific water-use data system (SWUDS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97636","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, User's manual for the National Water Information System (NWIS); Chapter 5, Water-use data system; Part 1, Site-specific water-use data system (SWUDS) (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-636, illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97636.","productDescription":"illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31112,"text":"ofr97812 - 1997 - A manual for a laboratory information management system (LIMS) for light stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr97812","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-812","title":"A manual for a laboratory information management system (LIMS) for light stable isotopes","docAbstract":"The reliability and accuracy of isotopic data can be improved by utilizing database software to (i) store information about samples, (ii) store the results of mass spectrometric isotope-ratio analyses of samples, (iii) calculate analytical results using standardized algorithms stored in a database, (iv) normalize stable isotopic data to international scales using isotopic reference materials, and (v) generate multi-sheet paper templates for convenient sample loading of automated mass-spectrometer sample preparation manifolds. Such a database program is presented herein. Major benefits of this system include (i) an increase in laboratory efficiency, (ii) reduction in the use of paper, (iii) reduction in workload due to the elimination or reduction of retyping of data by laboratory personnel, and (iv) decreased errors in data reported to sample submitters. Such a database provides a complete record of when and how often laboratory reference materials have been analyzed and provides a record of what correction factors have been used through time. It provides an audit trail for stable isotope laboratories.\r\n\r\nSince the original publication of the manual for LIMS for Light Stable Isotopes, the isotopes 3 H, 3 He, and 14 C, and the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113, have been added to this program.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97812","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., 1997, A manual for a laboratory information management system (LIMS) for light stable isotopes (Version 7.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-812, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97812.","productDescription":"131 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr97-812","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 7.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21712,"text":"ofr97792 - 1997 - Data from Devils Hole Core DH-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr97792","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-792","title":"Data from Devils Hole Core DH-11","docAbstract":"This report presents the stable isotope values measured in Devils Hole Core DH-11 and interpolated ages at the depth the samples were taken, as analyzed in a recent publication by Winograd and others (1997).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97792","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., Coplen, T., Ludwig, K., Winograd, I., and Riggs, A., 1997, Data from Devils Hole Core DH-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-792, iii, 8 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97792.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1159,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr97-792","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate Maciunas","contributorId":106522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate Maciunas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25701,"text":"wri974280 - 1997 - Pesticides in surface water of the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"wri974280","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4280","title":"Pesticides in surface water of the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"Water-quality data from 463 surface-water sites were compiled and analyzed to document the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in surface water of the Mid-Atlantic region as part of the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Those data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from October 1973 through March 1997 were used in the analyses. Data are available for a large part of the Mid-Atlantic region, but large spatial gaps in the data do exist. USGS data bases contained analyses of surface-water samples for 127 pesticide compounds, including 12 degradates, but only 16 of the compounds were commonly detected. Atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, prometon, alachlor, tebuthiuron, cyanazine, diazinon, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, 2,4-D, dieldrin, DCPA, metribuzin, and desethylatrazine (an atrazine degradate) were detected in more than 100 of the samples analyzed. At least one pesticide was detected in about 75 percent of the samples collected and at more than 90 percent of the sites sampled. Concentrations greater than the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water of 3 micrograms per liter (ug/L) for atrazine were found in 67 of 2,076 samples analyzed; concentrations greater than the MCL of 2ug/L for alachlor were found in 13 of 1,693 samples analyzed, and concentrations greater than the MCL of 4 ug/L for simazine were found in 17 of 1,995 samples analyzed. Concentrations of four pesticides were greater than Federal Health Advisory levels for drinking water, and concentrations of nine pesticides were greater than Federal Ambient Water-Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms. Streams draining basins with different land uses tend to have different pesticide detection frequencies and median concentrations. Median concentrations of herbicides tend to be highest in streams draining basins in which the major land use is agriculture, whereas median concentrations of insecticides tend to be highest in streams draining extensively urbanized basins. Concentrations of both herbicides and insecticides are usually highest during the spring and summer, although many pesticides are present at low concentrations in surface water throughout the year. Pesticide concentrations vary greatly seasonally and over different hydrologic conditions, with overall variation sometimes exceeding four orders of magnitude. During periods of pesticide application (typically spring and summer), the occurrence of selected pesticides in some streams in the Mid-Atlantic region is related to streamflow. Correlations between concentrations of selected pesticides and streamflow are statistically significant during spring and summer for small (draining less than 55 square miles) streams. Concentrations of selected pesticides in small streams increase during high flows in the growing season, up to 30 times the concentrations present during low-flow conditions in the growing season. In small streams draining urban areas, concentrations of atrazine decrease during high-flow events but concentrations of the insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos increase. This may be due to the differences in the pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas and the amounts applied.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/wri974280","usgsCitation":"Ferrari, M., Ator, S.W., Blomquist, J., and Dysart, J.E., 1997, Pesticides in surface water of the Mid-Atlantic region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4280, 12 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974280.","productDescription":"12 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-97-4280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54463,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68816d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. jdblomqu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel D.","email":"jdblomqu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dysart, Joel E.","contributorId":42256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dysart","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5205,"text":"fs23895 - 1997 - Potential-Field Computer Programs, Databases, and Maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"fs23895","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"238-95","title":"Potential-Field Computer Programs, Databases, and Maps","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs23895","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Potential-Field Computer Programs, Databases, and Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 238-95, 1 sheet ([2] p.) ; 28 x 22 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs23895.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) ; 28 x 22 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_238_95.bmp"},{"id":660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0238-95/fs-0238-95.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29413,"text":"wri974122 - 1997 - Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T20:36:05.670846","indexId":"wri974122","displayToPublicDate":"2000-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4122","title":"Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods","docAbstract":"

The carbonate sequence of middle Tertiary age of the north coast of Puerto Rico is characterized by the presence of numerous springs in the coastal areas. In order to advance the understanding of the hydrologic role of the springs in the north coast limestone aquifer system of Puerto Rico, a 4-year study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority. As part of this study, data were collected on the chemical, physical, bacteriological, oxygen-18, and deuterium composition of water from springs in the Dorado to Rincon area, in northwestern Puerto Rico. A group of springs in the Dorado to Arecibo area was selected for more detailed monitoring. Oxygen-18 and deuterium composition was also determined for water wells and monthly rainfall composites at a series of sites in the study area.

Springs are associated with all the carbonate units of the middle Tertiary sequence of the northern karst belt of Puerto Rico, except the Camuy and San Sebastian Formations. These springs mostly drain the unconfined parts of the upper and lower aquifers in the north coast limestone aquifer system. There are no first and second order springs in the north coast limestone and of those present fifth and sixth order springs are the most numerous type. Springflow at the springs measured during the study ranged from less than 0.1 to 61 cubic feet per second.

Springs in the north coast limestone can also be classified by their response to rainfall. There is little or no short-term response to rainfall at springs such as Ojo de Agua in Vega Baja, Mameyes in Manati, and Mackovic in Vega Alta. These springs are known as diffuse-type springs. Other springs such as Maguayo in Dorado, Ojo de Guillo in Manati, and San Pedro in Arecibo exhibit a strong short-term response to rainfall and are known as conduit-type springs. Spring water temperature, during the study, ranged from 22.5 to 28 °C and resembled air temperature. Specific conductance ranged from 289 to about 4,000 microsiemens per centimeter, and pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.8.

Calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride are the main ionic species in water from the springs sampled during the study. The main water type is calcium-bicarbonate and secondary water types are calcium-bicarbonate chloride and sodium-bicarbonate-chloride. A seasonal and short-term transient relation exists, particularly in conduit-type springs, between springflow, physical properties, and water quality.

Temporal and spatial variations in the oxygen-18 and deuterium composition of modern precipitation are significantly larger than those of springs and ground water in the study area. Regional flow in the upper aquifer appears to attenuate or average the variations in isotopic composition of rainfall. There is, however, a regional gradient in the deuterium composition of water from the upper aquifer in the north coast limestone, with isotopically heavier water occurring further north.

It was possible to determine the source of water contributing to springs at some sites with more detailed data collection and analysis. A drainage basin of about 10 square kilometers was delineated for the Ojo de Agua spring in Vega Baja, for a base flow of 2 cubic feet per second and an estimated subregional recharge rate of around 20 inches per year. A delineation of drainage basins for conduit-type springs in the study area such as San Pedro, Ojo de Guillo, Maguayo, and others is very difficult because the boundaries of these systems are highly responsive to changing hydraulic conditions such as rapid and short-term variations in the hydraulic head distribution as a consequence of rainfall. However, a preliminary drainage basin of about 6 square kilometers was delineated for the San Pedro spring for a base flow of 2 cubic feet per second and an estimated subregional annual recharge of 12 inches.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri974122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., 1997, Characterization of springflow in the north coast limestone of Puerto Rico using physical, chemical, and stable isotopic methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4122, Report: vi, 53 p.; 1 Plate 29.00 x 23.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974122.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; 1 Plate 29.00 x 23.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423584,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48743.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58263,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1 and 15","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4122/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 18.25\n ],\n [\n -66,\n 18.6\n ],\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.6\n ],\n [\n -67.3,\n 18.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25997,"text":"wri974139 - 1997 - Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri974139","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4139","title":"Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region","docAbstract":"Data from more than 850 sites were compiled and analyzed to document the occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region as part of the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Only those data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of regional networks between October 1985 and September 1996 (inclusive) were used in the analyses, and the data were examined to ensure analytical results are not biased toward sites at the same location or sites sampled multiple times during this period. Regional data are available for most of the Mid-Atlantic region but large spatial gaps in available data do exist. Nitrate was detected in nearly three-quarters of the samples for which it was analyzed, commonly at levels that suggest anthropogenic sources. Ten percent of samples contained nitrate at concentrations exceeding the Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Pesticide compounds (including atrazine, metolachlor, prometon, simazine, and desethylatrazine, an atrazine degradate) were detected in about half of the samples for which they were analyzed, but rarely at concentrations exceeding established MCL?s. The most commonly detected pesticide compounds were desethylatrazine and atrazine. The occurrence of nitrate and pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region is related to land cover and rock type. Likely sources of nitrate and pesticides to ground water include agricultural and urban land-use practices; rock type affects the movement of these compounds into and through the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in the compiled data set are significantly higher in ground water in agricultural areas than in urban or forested areas, but concentrations in areas of row crops are statistically indistinguishable from those in areas of pastures. Detection frequencies of atrazine, desethylatrazine, and simazine are indistinguishable among urban areas, row crops, and pastures. Prometon was most commonly detected in ground water in urban areas. Ground-water samples from forested areas typically contained the lowest concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides. Concentrations of nitrate and detection frequencies of pesticides were significantly higher in samples from carbonate rocks than in those from any other rock type. Most areas of the Mid-Atlantic region that are underlain by carbonate rocks have been developed for agricultural or urban use and the solution channels that are typical of carbonate rocks allow for relatively rapid transport of surficial contaminants throughout the ground-water system. Nitrate concentrations in unconsolidated aquifers were among the lowest for all rock types, possibly because of denitrification in organic-rich subsoils and shallow sediments. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri974139","usgsCitation":"Ator, S.W., and Ferrari, M., 1997, Nitrate and selected pesticides in ground water of the Mid-Atlantic region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4139, 8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974139.","productDescription":"8 p. col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/wrir-97-4139/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54745,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697213","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrari, Matthew J.","contributorId":67082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrari","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}