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Statistical models often use observational data to predict phenomena; however, interpreting model terms to understand their influence can be problematic. This issue poses a challenge in species conservation where setting priorities requires estimating influences of potential stressors using observational data. We present a novel approach for inferring influence of a rare stressor on a rare species by blending predictive models with nonparametric permutation tests. We illustrate the approach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA. The endangered frog, Rana sierrae, is known to be negatively impacted by non-native fish, while the threatened toad, Anaxyrus canorus, is potentially affected by packstock. Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in ~10% of potential habitat patches. We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includes all predictors but the stressor to stratify potential habitat by predicted suitability. A stratified permutation test then evaluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal. Our approach confirms the known negative relationship between fish and R. sierrae, but finds no evidence of a negative relationship between current packstock use and A. canorus breeding. Our statistical approach has potential broad application for deriving understanding (not just prediction) from observational data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/srep10702","usgsCitation":"Matchett, J.R., Stark, P.B., Ostoja, S.M., Knapp, R.A., McKenny, H.C., Brooks, M.L., Langford, W.T., Joppa, L.N., and Berlow, E.L., 2015, Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test: Scientific Reports, v. 5, 12 p.; Article number: 10702, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702.","productDescription":"12 p.; Article number: 10702","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062390","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Water-quality “super” gages (also known as “sentry” gages) provide real-time, continuous measurements of the physical and chemical characteristics of stream water at or near selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in Indiana and Kentucky. A super gage includes streamflow and water-quality instrumentation and representative stream sample collection for laboratory analysis. USGS scientists can use statistical surrogate models to relate instrument values to analyzed chemical concentrations at a super gage. Real-time, continuous and laboratory-analyzed concentration and load data are publicly accessible on USGS Web pages.

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2015 - Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T15:01:05","indexId":"70155957","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host","docAbstract":"

Eliminating human parasitic disease often requires interrupting complex transmission pathways. Even when drugs to treat people are available, disease control can be difficult if the parasite can persist in nonhuman hosts. Here, we show that restoration of a natural predator of a parasite’s intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasis control. Our study site was the Senegal River Basin, where villagers suffered a massive outbreak and persistent epidemic after the 1986 completion of the Diama Dam. The dam blocked the annual migration of native river prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhoveni) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. We tested schistosomiasis control by reintroduced river prawns in a before-after-control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages after prawns were stocked at one village’s river access point. The abundance of infected snails was 80% lower at that village, presumably because prawn predation reduced the abundance and average life span of latently infected snails. As expected from a reduction in infected snails, human schistosomiasis prevalence was 18 ± 5% lower and egg burden was 50 ± 8% lower at the prawn-stocking village compared with the control village. In a mathematical model of the system, stocking prawns, coupled with infrequent mass drug treatment, eliminates schistosomiasis from high-transmission sites. We conclude that restoring river prawns could be a novel contribution to controlling, or eliminating, schistosomiasis.                            

","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1502651112","usgsCitation":"Sokolow, S.H., Huttinger, E., Jouanard, N., Hsieh, M.H., Lafferty, K.D., Kuris, A.M., Riveau, G., Senghor, S., Thiam, D’Diaye, A., Faye, D.S., and De Leo, G.A., 2015, Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host: PNAS, v. 112, no. 31, p. 9650-9655, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502651112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9650","endPage":"9655","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063760","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502651112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -16.776123046875,\n 11.92110315424958\n ],\n [\n -16.776123046875,\n 17.842832529048007\n ],\n [\n -10.887451171875,\n 17.842832529048007\n ],\n [\n -10.887451171875,\n 11.92110315424958\n ],\n [\n -16.776123046875,\n 11.92110315424958\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"31","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbbe4b08400b1fe1431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sokolow, Susanne H.","contributorId":52503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sokolow","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huttinger, Elizabeth","contributorId":146315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huttinger","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16664,"text":"20/20 Initiative","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jouanard, Nicolas","contributorId":146316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jouanard","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16664,"text":"20/20 Initiative","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsieh, Michael H.","contributorId":146317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16665,"text":"Stanford University; 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The Bartlett Springs Fault (BSF), the easternmost branch of the northern San Andreas Fault system, creeps along much of its length. Geodetic data for the BSF are sparse, and surface creep rates are generally poorly constrained. The two existing geodetic slip rate inversions resolve at least one locked patch within the creeping zones. We use the 3-D finite element code FaultMod to conduct dynamic rupture models based on both geodetic inversions, in order to determine the ability of rupture to propagate into the creeping regions, as well as to assess possible magnitudes for BSF ruptures. For both sets of models, we find that the distribution of aseismic creep limits the extent of coseismic rupture, due to the contrast in frictional properties between the locked and creeping regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063802","usgsCitation":"Lozos, J.C., Harris, R.A., Murray, J.R., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 2015, Dynamic rupture models of earthquakes on the Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 11, p. 4343-4349, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063802.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4343","endPage":"4349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060677","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bartlett Springs Fault, Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 37.931200459333716\n ],\n [\n -124.5025634765625,\n 37.931200459333716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d4572fe4b0518e354694ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lozos, Julian C.","contributorId":146525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lozos","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168500,"text":"70168500 - 2015 - Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:27:04","indexId":"70168500","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.","docAbstract":"

To address the role of bacterial infection in hatching failure of wild geese, we monitored embryo development in a breeding population of Greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. During 2013, we observed mortality of normally developing embryos and collected 36 addled eggs for analysis. We also collected 17 infertile eggs for comparison. Using standard culture methods and gene sequencing to identify bacteria within collected eggs, we identified a potentially novel species of Neisseria in 33 eggs, Macrococcus caseolyticus in 6 eggs, and Streptococcus uberis and Rothia nasimurium in 4 eggs each. We detected seven other bacterial species at lower frequencies. Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes from the Neisseria isolates most closely matched sequences from N. animaloris and N. canis (96 to 97% identity), but phylogenetic analysis suggested substantial genetic differentiation between egg isolates and known Neisseria species. Although definitive sources of the bacteria remain unknown, we detected Neisseria DNA from swabs of eggshells, nest contents, and cloacae of nesting females. To assess the pathogenicity of bacteria identified in contents of addled eggs, we inoculated isolates of Neisseria, Macrococcus, Streptococcus, and Rothia at various concentrations into developing chicken eggs. Seven-day mortality rates varied from 70 to 100%, depending on the bacterial species and inoculation dose. Our results suggest that bacterial infections are a source of embryo mortality in wild geese in the Arctic.    

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00706-15","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.M., Meixell, B.W., Van Hemert, C.R., Hare, R.F., and Hueffer, K., 2015, Microbial infections are associated with embryo mortality in Arctic-nesting geese.: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 81, no. 16, p. 5583-5592, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00706-15.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5583","endPage":"5592","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059332","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00706-15","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.9\n ],\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.93\n ],\n [\n -153.2,\n 70.93\n ],\n [\n -153.2,\n 70.9\n ],\n [\n -153.3,\n 70.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4564ce4b0946c65218568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristina M.","contributorId":166985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hare, Rebekah F.","contributorId":166986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"Rebekah","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hueffer, Karsten","contributorId":139938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hueffer","given":"Karsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159194,"text":"70159194 - 2015 - Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T09:38:35","indexId":"70159194","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter","docAbstract":"

Forest canopy influences light transmittance, which in turn affects tree regeneration and survival, thereby having an impact on forest composition and habitat conditions for wildlife. Because leaf area is the primary impediment to light penetration, quantitative estimates of canopy closure are normally made during summer. Studies of forest structure and wildlife habitat that occur during winter, when deciduous trees have shed their leaves, may inaccurately estimate canopy closure. We estimated percent canopy closure during both summer (leaf-on) and winter (leaf-off) in broadleaf deciduous forests in Mississippi and Louisiana using gap light analysis of hemispherical photographs that were obtained during repeat visits to the same locations within bottomland and mesic upland hardwood forests and hardwood plantation forests. We used mixed-model linear regression to predict leaf-on canopy closure from measurements of leaf-off canopy closure, basal area, stem density, and tree height. Competing predictive models all included leaf-off canopy closure (relative importance = 0.93), whereas basal area and stem density, more traditional predictors of canopy closure, had relative model importance of ≤ 0.51.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of American Foresters","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.5849/forsci.14-196","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., Ayala, A.J., and Shickel, M.R., 2015, Leaf-on canopy closure in broadleaf deciduous forests predicted during winter: Forest Science, v. 61, no. 5, p. 926-931, https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-196.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"931","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029857","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.14-196","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Louisiana","county":"Warren County, Washington County, Concordia Parish, Ouachita 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Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:52:34.280534","indexId":"70148427","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","title":"Effects of ungulate disturbance and weather variation on Pediocactus winkleri: Insights from long-term monitoring","docAbstract":"

Population dynamics and effects of large ungulate disturbances on Winkler cactus (Pediocactus winkleri K.D. Heil) were documented annually over a 20-year time span at one plot within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. This cactus species was federally listed as threatened in 1998. The study began in 1995 to gain a better understanding of life history aspects and threats to this species. Data were collected annually in early spring and included diameter, condition, reproductive structures, mortality, recruitment, and disturbance by large ungulates. We used odds ratio and probability model analyses to determine effects of large ungulate trampling and weather on these cacti. During the study, plot population declined by 18%, with trampling of cactus, low precipitation, and cold spring temperatures implicated as causal factors. Precipitation and temperature affected flowering, mortality, and recruitment. Large ungulate disturbances increased mortality and reduced the probability of flowering. These results suggest that large ungulate disturbances and recent climate regimes have had an adverse impact on long-term persistence of this cactus.

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Box 186, Bluff, Utah 84512","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flagg, Cody B. cflagg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flagg","given":"Cody","email":"cflagg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136054,"text":"70136054 - 2015 - Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:18:39","indexId":"70136054","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for groundwater in stream fish thermal habitat responses to climate change","docAbstract":"

Forecasting climate change effects on aquatic fauna and their habitat requires an understanding of how water temperature responds to changing air temperature (i.e., thermal sensitivity). Previous efforts to forecast climate effects on brook trout habitat have generally assumed uniform air-water temperature relationships over large areas that cannot account for groundwater inputs and other processes that operate at finer spatial scales. We developed regression models that accounted for groundwater influences on thermal sensitivity from measured air-water temperature relationships within forested watersheds in eastern North America (Shenandoah National Park, USA, 78 sites in 9 watersheds). We used these reach-scale models to forecast climate change effects on stream temperature and brook trout thermal habitat, and compared our results to previous forecasts based upon large-scale models. Observed stream temperatures were generally less sensitive to air temperature than previously assumed, and we attribute this to the moderating effect of shallow groundwater inputs. Predicted groundwater temperatures from air-water regression models corresponded well to observed groundwater temperatures elsewhere in the study area. Predictions of brook trout future habitat loss derived from our fine-grained models were far less pessimistic than those from prior models developed at coarser spatial resolutions. However, our models also revealed spatial variation in thermal sensitivity within and among catchments resulting in a patchy distribution of thermally suitable habitat. Habitat fragmentation due to thermal barriers therefore may have an increasingly important role for trout population viability in headwater streams. Our results demonstrate that simple adjustments to air-water temperature regression models can provide a powerful and cost-effective approach for predicting future stream temperatures while accounting for effects of groundwater.

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csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141799,"text":"ds69AA - 2015 - Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T09:31:10","indexId":"ds69AA","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"AA","title":"Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

A geologic model was developed for the assessment of potential Mesozoic tight-gas resources in the deep, central part of upper Cook Inlet Basin, south-central Alaska. The basic premise of the geologic model is that organic-bearing marine shales of the Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Group achieved adequate thermal maturity for oil and gas generation in the central part of the basin largely due to several kilometers of Paleogene and Neogene burial. In this model, hydrocarbons generated in Tuxedni source rocks resulted in overpressure, causing fracturing and local migration of oil and possibly gas into low-permeability sandstone and siltstone reservoirs in the Jurassic Tuxedni Group and Chinitna and Naknek Formations. Oil that was generated either remained in the source rock and subsequently was cracked to gas which then migrated into low-permeability reservoirs, or oil initially migrated into adjacent low-permeability reservoirs, where it subsequently cracked to gas as adequate thermal maturation was reached in the central part of the basin. Geologic uncertainty exists on the (1) presence of adequate marine source rocks, (2) degree and timing of thermal maturation, generation, and expulsion, (3) migration of hydrocarbons into low-permeability reservoirs, and (4) preservation of this petroleum system. Given these uncertainties and using known U.S. tight gas reservoirs as geologic and production analogs, a mean volume of 0.64 trillion cubic feet of gas was assessed in the basin-center tight-gas system that is postulated to exist in Mesozoic rocks of the upper Cook Inlet Basin. This assessment of Mesozoic basin-center tight gas does not include potential gas accumulations in Cenozoic low-permeability reservoirs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69AA","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Nelson, P.H., Klett, T., Le, P., and Anderson, C.P., 2015, Assessment of unconvential (tight) gas resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, 3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69AA.","productDescription":"3 Chapters: variously paged; Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049080","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69AA.jpg"},{"id":301033,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 1","linkHelpText":"Geologic Model and Assessment of Potential Unconventional (Tight) Gas Resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-Central Alaska"},{"id":301031,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/"},{"id":301034,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter2.pdf","text":"Chapter 2","size":"312 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 2","linkHelpText":"Tabular Data and Graphical Images in Support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Assessment—Southern Alaska Province (5003), Cook Inlet"},{"id":301035,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-aa/REPORTS/DDS-69-AA-Chapter3.pdf","text":"Chapter 3","size":"336 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 3","linkHelpText":"The GIS Project for the Assessment of Unconventional (Tight) Gas Resources in Upper Cook Inlet Basin, South-Central Alaska"},{"id":301036,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/AssessmentsData/NationalOilGasAssessment/USBasinSummaries.aspx?provcode=5003","text":"Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","description":"Upper Cook Inlet Basin Database","linkHelpText":"GIS/Data/Metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ],\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -147.952880859375,\n 62.865168668923125\n ],\n [\n -147.952880859375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ],\n [\n -154.017333984375,\n 58.59688654973872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557168b7e4b077dba762289d","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548202,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X ple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":2151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","email":"ple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher P.","contributorId":140859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188816,"text":"70188816 - 2015 - SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:01:16","indexId":"70188816","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism","docAbstract":"

The Belt–Purcell Supergroup, northern Idaho, western Montana, and southern British Columbia, is a thick succession of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks with an age range of about 1470–1400 Ma. Stratigraphic layers within several sedimentary units were sampled to apply the new technique of U–Pb dating of xenotime that sometimes forms as rims on detrital zircon during burial diagenesis; xenotime also can form epitaxial overgrowths on zircon during hydrothermal and metamorphic events. Belt Supergroup units sampled are the Prichard and Revett Formations in the lower Belt, and the McNamara and Garnet Range Formations and Pilcher Quartzite in the upper Belt. Additionally, all samples that yielded xenotime were also processed for detrital zircon to provide maximum age constraints for the time of deposition and information about provenances; the sample of Prichard Formation yielded monazite that was also analyzed. Ten xenotime overgrowths from the Prichard Formation yielded a U–Pb age of 1458 ± 4 Ma. However, because scanning electron microscope – backscattered electrons (SEM–BSE) imagery suggests complications due to possible analysis of multiple age zones, we prefer a slightly older age of 1462 ± 6 Ma derived from the three oldest samples, within error of a previous U–Pb zircon age on the syn-sedimentary Plains sill. We interpret the Prichard xenotime as diagenetic in origin. Monazite from the Prichard Formation, originally thought to be detrital, yielded Cretaceous metamorphic ages. Xenotime from the McNamara and Garnet Range Formations and Pilcher Quartzite formed at about 1160– 1050 Ma, several hundred million years after deposition, and probably also experienced Early Cretaceous growth. These xenotime overgrowths are interpreted as metamorphic–diagenetic in origin (i.e., derived during greenschist facies metamorphism elsewhere in the basin, but deposited in sub-greenschist facies rocks). Several xenotime grains are older detrital grains of igneous derivation. A previous study on the Revett Formation at the Spar Lake Ag–Cu deposit provides data for xenotime overgrowths in several ore zones formed by hydrothermal processes; herein, those results are compared with data from newly analyzed diagenetic, metamorphic, and magmatic xenotime overgrowths. The origin of a xenotime overgrowth is reflected in its rareearth element (REE) pattern. Detrital (i.e., igneous) xenotime has a large negative Eu anomaly and is heavy rare-earth element (HREE)-enriched (similar to REE in igneous zircon). Diagenetic xenotime has a small negative Eu anomaly and flat HREE (Tb to Lu). Hydrothermal xenotime is depleted in light rare-earth element (LREE), has a small negative Eu anomaly, and decreasing HREE. Metamorphic xenotime is very LREE-depleted, has a very small negative Eu anomaly, and is strongly depleted in HREE (from Gd to Lu). Because these characteristics seem to be process related, they may be useful for interpretation of xenotime of unknown origin. The occurrence of 1.16–1.05 Ga metamorphic xenotime, in the apparent absence of pervasive deformation structures, suggests that the heating may be related to poorly understood regional heating due to broad regional underplating of mafic magma. These results may be additional evidence (together with published ages from metamorphic titanite, zircon, monazite, and garnet) for an enigmatic, Grenville-age metamorphic event that is more widely recognized in the southwestern and eastern United States

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2014-0239","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Lund, K., and Fanning, C.M., 2015, SHRIMP U–Pb and REE data pertaining to the origins of xenotime in Belt Supergroup rocks: evidence for ages of deposition, hydrothermal alteration, and metamorphism: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 52, no. 9, p. 722-745, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0239.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"722","endPage":"745","ipdsId":"IP-056309","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2014-0239","text":"External Repository"},{"id":342886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 44.008620115415354\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -113.4228515625,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -113.84033203125,\n 50.52739681329302\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 51.57706953722565\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 53.44880683542759\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 52.77618568896171\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 51.08282186160978\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 49.36806633482156\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 44.008620115415354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d22e4b062508e3c3698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":193462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141611,"text":"cir1410 - 2015 - The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T12:26:21.94595","indexId":"cir1410","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1410","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections","docAbstract":"

 

**Updated guidance is available in USGS Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01.**

Abstract

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is widely recognized in the earth science community as possessing extensive collections of earth materials collected by research personnel over the course of its history. In 2006, a Geologic Collections Inventory was conducted within the USGS Geology Discipline to determine the extent and nature of its sample collections, and in 2008, a working group was convened by the USGS National Geologic and Geophysical Data Preservation Program to examine ways in which these collections could be coordinated, cataloged, and made available to researchers both inside and outside the USGS. The charge to this working group was to evaluate the proposition of creating a Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS), a centralized database that would (1) identify all existing USGS geologic collections, regardless of size, (2) create a virtual link among the collections, and (3) provide a way for scientists and other researchers to obtain access to the samples and data in which they are interested. Additionally, the group was instructed to develop criteria for evaluating current collections and to establish an operating plan and set of standard practices for handling, identifying, and managing future sample collections. Policies and procedures promoted by the GCMS would be based on extant best practices established by the National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution. The resulting report—USGS Circular 1410, “The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS): A Master Catalog and Collections Management Plan for U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Samples and Sample Collections”—has been developed for sample repositories to be a guide to establishing common practices in the collection, retention, and disposal of geologic research materials throughout the USGS.

While constructing this report, the GCMS’s potential customers and their needs were considered. Two critical definitions have been clarified: a repository is a facility for the long-term management of geologic collections, and a collection is a set of specimens that have been brought together on the basis of some common characteristic. Required sample metadata for newly collected samples, as well as for older collections, were also stipulated and are listed and explained in this report. Several basic policies are also recommended by the GCMS in order to standardize operations among the physical repositories where collections are currently housed. The GCMS Collection Management Plan provides a set of protocols and templates for the management of scientific collections, including access, storage, transfer, and disposal of physical geologic samples and data. This plan is flexible to allow each repository to adapt the practices best suited to its collections.

The general consideration for implementation of the GCMS is that all active USGS geologic sample repositories will form the core of GCMS and that participating science centers will develop procedures based on proposed GCMS methodologies. The GCMS is a collective resource for the entire USGS community and the users who discover the geologic materials kept in these repositories and seek to access them.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1410","usgsCitation":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group, 2015, The U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS)—A master catalog and collections management plan for U.S. Geological Survey geologic samples and sample collections: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1410, Report: xvi, 108 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1410.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 108 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045796","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407378,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/survey-manual/im-css-2019-01","text":"Survey Manual Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01","description":"Survey Manual Instructional Memorandum CSS 2019-01"},{"id":301025,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/"},{"id":301028,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/GCMSAppendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"GCMS Handbook for Collection Repositories"},{"id":301027,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/GCMSAppendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"11.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"GCMS Policy Manual"},{"id":301026,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/pdf/circ1410.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1410.jpg"},{"id":301029,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1410/downloads/Forms/","text":"Appendix 5","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 5","linkHelpText":"Forms for the Long-term Management and Preservation of USGS Geological Materials"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171de4b0d9246a9fd153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group","contributorId":141061,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geologic Materials Repository Working Group","id":548192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147914,"text":"sir20155056 - 2015 - Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T14:00:29","indexId":"sir20155056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5056","title":"Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014","docAbstract":"

From August 28 to 29, 2011, Tropical Storm Irene delivered rainfall ranging from about 4 inches to more than 7 inches in the White River Basin. The rainfall resulted in severe flooding throughout the basin and significant damage along the White River and Tweed River. In response to the flooding, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a new flood study to aid in the flood recovery and restoration. This flood study includes a 20.7-mile reach of the White River from the downstream end at about 2,000 feet downstream from the State Route 107 bridge in the Village of Bethel, Vermont, to the upstream end at about 1,000 feet upstream from the River Brook Drive bridge in the Village of Rochester, Vt., and a 7.9-mile reach of the Tweed River from its mouth in Stockbridge, Vt., to the confluence of the West and South Branches of the Tweed River and continuing upstream on the South Branch Tweed River to the Pittsfield, Vt., town line.

\n

This report presents water-surface elevations determined for the study reaches using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional step-backwater Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System model, also known as HEC– RAS. The water-surface elevations were determined for floods having a 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) and for the floodway.

\n

Eighteen high-water marks from Tropical Storm Irene were available along the studied reaches. The discharges in the Tropical Storm Irene HEC–RAS model were adjusted so that the resulting water-surface elevations matched the high-water mark elevations along the study reaches. This allowed for an estimation of the water-surface profile throughout the study area resulting from Tropical Storm Irene. From a comparison of the estimated water-surface profile of Tropical Storm Irene to the water-surface profiles of the 1- and 0.2-percent AEP floods, it was determined that the high-water elevations resulting from Tropical Storm Irene exceeded the estimated 1-percent AEP flood throughout the White River and Tweed River study reaches and exceeded the estimated 0.2-percent AEP flood in 16.7 of the 28.6 study reach miles. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 18.2-centimeter vertical accuracy at the 95-percent confidence level and 1-meter horizontal resolution to delineate the area flooded for each water-surface profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 2015, Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5056, Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155056.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; Readme; Map file and datasets; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057993","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155056.jpg"},{"id":301018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/"},{"id":301019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/pdf/sir2015-5056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_readme.txt","text":"Readme","size":"1.09 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Readme"},{"id":301021,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5056/attachments/sir2015-5056_map.zip","text":"Map file and datasets","size":"2.11 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Map file and datasets","linkHelpText":"Contains the published map file and the map dataset. 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    \n
  1. Environmental degradation can result in the loss of aquatic biodiversity if impairment promotes hybridisation between non-native and native species. Although aquatic biological invasions involving hybridisation have been attributed to elevated water turbidity, the extent to which impaired clarity influences reproductive isolation among non-native and native species is poorly understood.
    2. \n
  2. We examined whether turbidity influences intraspecific and interspecific pre-mating social interactions between invasive red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) from the Upper Coosa River Basin (U.S.A.).
    3. \n
  3. We found that the number or duration of conspecific and heterospecific interactions increased under turbid conditions. Additionally, we found evidence indicating that native blacktail shiner females are especially likely to interact with invasive red shiner males due to species- and sex-specific responses to turbid conditions.
    4. \n
  4. These findings suggest that elevated turbidity can increase pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive species, which could result in greater hybridisation and promote the genetic assimilation of native species following species introductions. Thus, integrating knowledge of species behaviour into conservation and management planning can help deter the establishment and spread of invasive species.
    5. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12610","usgsCitation":"Glotzbecker, G., Ward, J.L., Walters, D.M., and Blum, M.J., 2015, Turbidity alters pre-mating social interactions between native and invasive stream fishes: Freshwater Biology, v. 60, no. 9, p. 1784-1793, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12610.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1784","endPage":"1793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051751","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ee4b0d9246a9fd155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glotzbecker, Gregory J.","contributorId":140993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glotzbecker","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Jessica L.","contributorId":13855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, David M. 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":140992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, Michael J.","contributorId":19057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158917,"text":"70158917 - 2015 - Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:53:10","indexId":"70158917","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"

In 1963, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation finished building Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, 25 kilometers upstream from Grand Canyon National Park. The dam impounded 300 kilometers of the Colorado River, creating Lake Powell, the nation’s second largest reservoir.

\n

By 1974, scientists found that the downstream river’s alluvial sandbars were eroding because the reservoir trapped the fine sediment that replenished the deposits during annual floods. These sandbars are important structures for many kinds of life in and along the river.

\n

Now, by implementing a new strategy that calls for repeated releases of large volumes of water from the dam, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) seeks to increase the size and number of these sandbars. Three years into the \"high-flow experiment\" (HFE) protocol, the releases appear to be achieving the desired effect. Many sandbars have increased in size following each controlled flood, and the cumulative results of the first three releases suggest that sandbar declines may be reversed if controlled floods can be implemented frequently enough.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2015EO030349","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Schmidt, J.C., Wright, S., Topping, D.J., Melis, T., and Rubin, D.M., 2015, Building sandbars in the Grand Canyon: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 96, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO030349.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059907","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo030349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56164232e4b0ba4884c6147c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70147067,"text":"ofr20151082 - 2015 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:47:23","indexId":"ofr20151082","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1082","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013","docAbstract":"

Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2013 (October 1, 2012, through September 30, 2013) for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB) in the cooperative study. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages are equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2013 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations are in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the PWSB are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2013.

\n

The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of 30 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2013. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.45 to about 19 ft3/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,300,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,100,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2013; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 8,600 to 58,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 14,000 to 97,000 kg/mi2, respectively.

\n

At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 18 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.128 mg/L as phosphate, and median concentrations of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 330 and 15 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 100 kilograms per day (kg/d; 50 kilograms per day per square mile [kg/d/mi2]), 10 grams per day (g/d; 5.1 grams per day per square mile [g/d/mi2]), 73 g/d (28 g/d/mi2), 720 g/d (320 g/d/mi2), 21,000 colony-forming units per day (CFU×106/d; 8,700 CFU×106/d/mi2), and 1,000 CFU×106/d (510 CFU×106/d/mi2), respectively.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2015, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1082, Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151082.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-056176","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151082.jpg"},{"id":301012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/attachments/ofr2015-1082_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Water-quality data collected by the Providence Water Supply Board at 37 monitoring stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2013."},{"id":301011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/pdf/ofr2015-1082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"873 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":301010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1082/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.92782492551717\n ],\n [\n -71.5484619140625,\n 41.74160260664948\n ],\n [\n -71.78947448730469,\n 41.74160260664948\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171de4b0d9246a9fd151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148368,"text":"70148368 - 2015 - Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T09:44:17","indexId":"70148368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California","docAbstract":"

The Grass Valley orogenic gold district in the Sierra Nevada foothills province, central California, the largest historic gold producer of the North American Cordillera, comprises both steeply dipping east-west (E-W) veins located along lithologic contacts in accreted ca. 300 and 200 Ma oceanic rocks and shallowly dipping north-south (N-S) veins hosted by the Grass Valley granodiorite; the latter have yielded about 70 percent of the 13 million ounces of historic lode gold production in the district. The oceanic host rocks were accreted to the western margin of North America between 200 and 170 Ma, metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite facies, and uplifted between 175 and 160 Ma. Large-scale magmatism in the Sierra Nevada occurred between 170-140 Ma and 120-80 Ma, with the Grass Valley granodiorite being emplaced during the older episode of magmatism. Uranium-lead isotopic dating of hydrothermal xenotime yielded the first absolute age of 162±5 Ma for the economically more significant N-S veins. The vein-hosted xenotime, as well as associated monazite, are unequivocally of hydrothermal origin as indicated by textural and chemical characteristics, including grain shape, lack of truncated growth banding, lack of a Eu anomaly, and low U and Th concentrations. Furthermore, the crack-seal texture of the veins, with abundant wallrock slivers, suggests their formation as a result of episodic fluid flow possibly related to reoccurring seismic events, rather than a period of fluid exsolution from an evolving magma. The N-S veins are temporally distinct from a younger 153-151 Ma gold event that was previously reported for the E-W veins. Overlapping U-Pb zircon (159.9±2.2 Ma) and 40Ar/39Ar biotite and hornblende (159.7±0.6 to 161.9±1.4 Ma) ages and geothermobarometric calculations indicate that the Grass Valley granodiorite was emplaced at ca. 160 Ma at elevated temperatures (~800°C) within approximately 3 km of the paleosurface and rapidly cooled to the ambient temperature of the surrounding country rocks (<300°C). The age of the granodiorite is indistinguishable from that of the N-S veins, as recorded by the U-Pb age of xenotime in those veins. Consequently, the N-S veins must have formed between 162 and 157 Ma, the maximum permissive age of magma emplacement and the youngest permissive xenotime U-Pb age, respectively, during an E- to ENE-directed compressional regime. The geochemistry of the Grass Valley granodiorite is consistent with it being the product of arc magmatism. It served as a receptive host for mineralization, but it is has no direct genetic relationship to gold mineralization. Initial uplift of the intrusive mass correlates with the initial voluminous fluid flow event and vein formation at depths of no greater than 3 km. The E-W gold-bearing veins hosted within greenschist-facies country rocks adjacent to the intrusion formed during a second hydrothermal event 5-10 million years later than the magmatism and were contemporaneous with a shift to a transtensional deformation denoted by sinistral strike-slip faulting.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1313","collaboration":"RJ Goldfarb; T Monecke; IR Fletcher; MA Cosca; NM Kelly","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R.D., Goldfarb, R.J., Monecke, T., Fletcher, I.R., Cosca, M.A., and Kelly, N.M., 2015, Application of U-Th-Pb phosphate geochronology to young orogenic gold deposits: New age constraints on the formation of the Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Foothills province, California: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1313-1337, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1313.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1337","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059612","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grass Valley gold district, Sierra Nevada foothills province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -120.44311523437499,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -120.44311523437499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 39.00211029922512\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570171ae4b0d9246a9fd149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monecke, Thomas","contributorId":50423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monecke","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, Ian R.","contributorId":140990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13639,"text":"Curtin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Nigel M.","contributorId":140991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Nigel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146944,"text":"ofr20151073 - 2015 - Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T08:29:44","indexId":"ofr20151073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-03T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1073","subseriesTitle":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series","title":"Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series: Admiralty Inlet","docAbstract":"

In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated the Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, designed to support research in support of implementing the Puget Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda was created in response to Puget Sound having been designated as one of 28 estuaries of national significance under section 320 of the U.S. Clean Water Act, and its overall goal is to restore the Puget Sound Estuary's environment by 2020. The Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project was funded by the Assistance Program request for proposals process, which also supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues. The issues include the recommendations of the Marine Protected Areas Work Group to the Washington State Legislature (Van Cleve and others, 2009), which endorses a Puget Sound and coast-wide marine conservation needs assessment, gap analysis of existing Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and recommendations for action. This publication is the first of four U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Maps that make up the Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project. The remaining three map blocks to be published in the future, located south of Admiralty Inlet, are shown in figure 1.

\n

Puget Sound is a deep, fjord-type estuary covering an area of 2,330 km2 in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (fig. 1). It is connected to the ocean by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a turbulent passage approximately 160 km in length and 22 km wide at its west end, expanding to over 40 km wide at its east end (Thomson, 1994). During the Pleistocene, the area was occupied several times by lobes of continental ice, resulting in a complex basin-fill of glacial and interglacial deposits that are locally as thick as 1100 m (Johnson and others, 2001). The last glaciation, called the Fraser glaciation, began after 28,800±740 14C yr B.P. when ice started a slow expansion (Clague, 1981). At peak advance the westward Juan de Fuca lobe reached the edge of the continental shelf through the Juan de Fuca Strait shortly before 14,460±200 14C yr B.P. (Herzer and Bornhold, 1982). The southward Puget lobe advanced to its terminal position in Puget Sound by around 14,150 14C yr B.P. (Porter and Swanson, 1998). Ice retreated from its maximum to northern Whidbey Island by 13,650±350 14C yr B.P. (Dethier and others, 1995). Retreating glaciers resulted in a thick sequence of ice-contact, glacial-marine sediment, and early post-glacial sediments (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). These deposits have experienced the effects of a marine transgression followed by regression, resulting in a sea-level several tens of meters lower than the present day (Linden and Schurrer, 1988). A second transgression brought sea level to about the present level by around 5,470±120 14C yr B.P. (Clague and others, 1982) establishing the present oceanographic and geologic environment

\n

Puget Sound is separated into four interconnected basins; Whidbey, Central (Main), Hood Canal, and South (Thomson, 1994). The Whidbey, Central, and Hood Canal basins are the three main branches of the Puget Sound estuary and are separated from the Strait of Juan de Fuca by a double sill at Admiralty Inlet. The Admiralty Inlet map area includes the Inlet and a portion of the Whidbey Basin (fig. 1). The shallower South Basin is separated by a sill at Tacoma Narrows and is highly branched with numerous finger inlets. Flow within Puget Sound is dominated by tidal currents of as much as 1 m/s at Admiralty Inlet, reducing to approximately 0.5 m/s in the Central Basin (Lavelle and others, 1988). The lack of silt and clay-sized sediments in the Admiralty Inlet map area is likely a result of the strong currents (see Ground-Truth Studies for the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, sheet 3). The subtidal component of flow reaches approximately 0.1 m/s and is driven by density gradients arising from the contrast in salty ocean water at the entrance and freshwater inputs from stream flow (Lavelle and others, 1988). The total freshwater input to Puget Sound is approximately 3.4 x 106 m3/day, primarily from the Skagit River (Cannon, 1983). The subtidal circulation mostly consists of a two-layered flow in the basins with fresher water exiting at the surface and saltier water entering at depth (Ebbesmeyer and Cannon, 2001). In general, surface waters flow north and deeper waters flow south; variations arise from wind effects that can drive a surface current in the same direction as the wind, and a baroclinic response in the lower layer to about 100-m depth (Matsuura and Cannon, 1997). Oceanographic properties are influenced by temporal forcing parameters such as reduced stream flow during the 2000-01 drought that increased surface salinity and decreased differences between surface and bottom waters (Newton and others, 2003).

\n

On offshore seismic-reflection profiles, Pleistocene strata (excluding latest Pleistocene glacial and post-glacial deposits) form a distinct seismic unit, bounded below by pre-Tertiary or Tertiary basement and above by typically flat-lying latest Pleistocene to Holocene deposits that fill in erosional or depositional relief (Johnson and others, 2001). Cores from central Puget Sound have accumulation rates that range from 85 to 1200 mg/cm2/yr, or 0.12 to 2.4 cm/yr; the highest accumulation rates are near the southern end of central Puget Sound (Carpenter and others, 1985). Carpenter and others (1985) un-weighted arithmetic mean of accumulation rates for central Puget Sound deeper stations is 480±340 (± one standard deviation) mg/cm2/yr. Lavelle and others (1985) also found rates as high as 1200 mg/cm2/yr over the past approximately 70 years in cores in the Central Basin off of and north and south of Elliott Bay. Puget Sound basin rates are comparable to rates in midshelf silt deposits on the Washington coast north of the Columbia River (Nittrouer and others, 1979).

\n

The deep subtidal (in other words, below SCUBA depths) habitats of Puget Sound are relatively poorly known. A few subtidal surveys exist for several habitat types from the 1960s and 1970s (reviewed in Dethier, 1990), using grab and box core data. The Dethier (1990) review divides habitat up into Coast and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) substrate, water column energy, and depth zones but does not attempt to map these habitats, rather it is an inventory of habitats found in the area and the flora and fauna associated with each habitat.

\n

The approach of the Southern Salish Sea Mapping project is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, and bottom-sediment sampling data. This approach is based in part on methods presented and data collection and product needs identified at the Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop (Washington State Seafloor Mapping Workshop Steering Committee, 2008), attended by coastal and marine managers and scientists. The map products display seafloor geomorphology and substrate, and identify potential marine benthic habitats. It is emphasized that the more interpretive habitat and geology maps rely on the integration of multiple, new high-resolution datasets and that mapping at small scales would not be possible without such data. Oceanographic current and wave data is not included in this analysis, however, the accompanying geographic information system (GIS) data set is designed and intended to be combined with oceanographic and biologic data sets assembled by others in the future and some of the GIS data has already been incorporated in the unpublished Nature Conservancy Benthic Habitats of Puget Sound database.

\n

This publication includes four map sheets, explanatory text, and a descriptive pamphlet. Each map sheet is published as a portable document format (PDF) file. ESRI ArcGIS compatible geotiffs (for example, bathymetry) and shapefiles (for example video observation points) will be available for download in the data catalog associated with this publication (Cochrane, 2015). An ArcGIS Project File with the symbology used to generate the map sheets is also provided. For those who do not own the full suite of ESRI GIS and mapping software, the data can be read using ESRI ArcReader, a free viewer that is available at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/index.html.

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Ritchie, Guy R. Cochrane, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"CMECS Geoform Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. Ritchie, and Crescent Moegling"},{"id":300994,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/ofr2015-1073_metadata.html","text":"Metadata"},{"id":300992,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1073/pdf/ofr20151073_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"121 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1073 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"CMECS Substrate Component Map of the Admiralty Inlet Map Area, Washington By Timothy O. Hodson, Guy R. Cochrane, Andrew C. 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In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 initiated the Puget Sound Scientific Studies and Technical Investigations Assistance Program, which was designed to support research for implementing the Puget Sound Action Agenda. The Action Agenda was created because Puget Sound was designated as one of 28 estuaries of National Significance under section 320 of the Clean Water Act, and its overall goal is to restore the environment of the Puget Sound Estuary by 2020. The Southern Salish Sea Mapping Project was funded through the Assistance Program request for proposal process which also supports a large number of coastal-zone- and ocean-management issues, and includes the recommendations of the Marine Protected Areas Work Group to the Washington State Legislature. These recommendations include a Puget Sound and coast-wide marine conservation needs assessment, gap analysis of existing Marine Protected Areas and recommendations for action.

\n

Four areas with recently acquired National Ocean Service hydrographic data are included in the Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series (fig. 1), each to be published individually as USGS Open File Reports at a scale of 1:40,000. The map products display seafloor geoforms, substrate, and biotopes using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard.

\n

This data catalog contains much of the data used to prepare the SIMs in the Southern Salish Sea Habitat Map Series. Other data that were used to prepare the maps were compiled from previously published sources (for example, sediment samples and seismic reflection profiles) and are not included in this data series.

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The purpose of the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) is to create a continent-wide program to monitor bats at local to rangewide scales that will provide reliable data to promote effective conservation decisionmaking and the long-term viability of bat populations across the continent. This is an international, multiagency program. Four approaches will be used to gather monitoring data to assess changes in bat distributions and abundances: winter hibernaculum counts, maternity colony counts, mobile acoustic surveys along road transects, and acoustic surveys at stationary points. These monitoring approaches are described along with methods for identifying species recorded by acoustic detectors. Other chapters describe the sampling design, the database management system (Bat Population Database), and statistical approaches that can be used to analyze data collected through this program.

","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Agriculture Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Loeb, S.C., Rodhouse, T., Ellison, L.E., Lausen, C.L., Reichard, J., Irvine, K.M., Ingersoll, T.E., Coleman, J., Thogmartin, W.E., Sauer, J.R., Francis, C., Bayless, M.L., Stanley, T.R., and Johnson, D.H., 2015, A plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), 112 p.","productDescription":"112 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062764","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/48442"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55701717e4b0d9246a9fd147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lausen, Cori L.","contributorId":138945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lausen","given":"Cori","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reichard, Jonathan D.","contributorId":138946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichard","given":"Jonathan D.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ingersoll, Thomas E.","contributorId":138947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. 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Synchronised reproduction offers clear benefits to planktonic foraminifera – an important group of marine calcifiers – as it increases the chances of successful gamete fusion. Such synchrony requires tuning to an internal or external clock. Evidence exists for lunar reproductive cycles in some species, but its recognition in shell flux time series has proven difficult, raising questions about reproductive strategies. Using spectral analysis of a 4-year time series (mostly at weekly resolution) from the northern Gulf of Mexico, we show that the shell flux ofGloborotalia menardii, Globigerinella siphonifera, Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber (both pink and white varieties), Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinella calida and Globigerinita glutinata is characterised by lunar periodicity. However, the lunar rhythm is not present in all size fractions of each species and tends to be more dominant in the flux of larger shells, consistent with reproduction being more prevalent in larger specimens. Lunar periodicity is superimposed on longer term/seasonal changes in the shell fluxes, but accounts for a significant part of the variance in the fluxes. The amplitude of the lunar cycle increases roughly proportional with the magnitude of the flux, demonstrating that most of the population is indeed affected by lunar-phased synchronisation. In most species peak fluxes occur predominantly around, or just after, full moon. Only G. siphonifera and G. calida show a contrasting pattern with peaks concentrated around new moon. Although the exact cause of the synchronisation remains elusive, our data considerably increase the number of species for which lunar synchronised reproduction is reported and suggest that such reproductive behaviour is common in many species of planktonic foraminifera.

","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","publisherLocation":"Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-3061-2015","usgsCitation":"Jonkers, L., Reynolds, C.E., Richey, J., and Hall, I.R., 2015, Lunar periodicity in the shell flux of planktonic foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 3061-3070, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3061-2015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3061","endPage":"3070","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060843","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3061-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 28.033197847676377\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 28.033197847676377\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 27.410785702577023\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 27.410785702577023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ec59ae4b0d9246a9fa791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonkers, Lukas","contributorId":141013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jonkers","given":"Lukas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13652,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT. Wales, U.K.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richey, Julie N. jrichey@usgs.gov","contributorId":141012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie N.","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Ian R.","contributorId":141014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13652,"text":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT. Wales, U.K.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148367,"text":"ofr20151109 - 2015 - Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T08:27:05","indexId":"ofr20151109","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T17:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1109","title":"Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013","docAbstract":"

The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Natural Hazards activity, as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out by the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa and Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all of these institutions.

\n

Only published papers and maps are included here; abstracts presented at scientific meetings are omitted. Publication dates are based on year of issue, with no attempt to assign them to a fiscal year.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151109","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 2015, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1109, ii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151109.","productDescription":"ii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064558","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151109.png"},{"id":300952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1109/"},{"id":300953,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1109/downloads/ofr2015-1109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"240 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556d7442e4b0d9246a9f9965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148343,"text":"ofr20151102 - 2015 - Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T08:25:53","indexId":"ofr20151102","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1102","title":"Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California","docAbstract":"

Pack stock (horses, mules, burros, llamas, and goats) are frequently assumed to have negative effects on public lands, but there is a general lack of data to be able to quantify the degree to which this is actually the case. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks have received complaints that pack stock may affect Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae; SNBS), a federally endangered subspecies that occurs in largely disjunct herds in the Sierra Nevada Range of California. The potential effects are thought to be displacement of SNBS from meadows on their summer range (altered habitat use) or, more indirectly, through changes in SNBS habitat or forage quality. Our goals were to conduct an association analysis to quantify the degree of potential spatial overlap in meadow use between SNBS and pack stock and to compare differences in vegetation community composition, structure, and diversity among meadows with different levels of use by bighorn sheep and pack stock. For the association analysis, we used two approaches: (1) we quantified the proportion of meadows that were within the herd home ranges of bighorn sheep and were potentially open to pack stock, and, (2) we used Monte Carlo simulations and use-availability analyses to compare the proportion of meadows used by bighorn sheep relative to the proportional occurrence or area of meadows available to bighorn sheep that were used by pack stock. To evaluate potential effects of pack stock on meadow plant communities and SNBS forage, we sampled vegetation in 2011 and 2012 at 100 plots to generate data that allowed us to compare:

\n

1. Herbaceous plant species composition, structure, and diversity in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS;

\n

2. Cover of bare ground in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS; and,

\n

3. Total cover, diversity, and species composition of SNBS forage species in plots with different combinations of use by pack stock and SNBS.

\n

The association analyses indicated the potential for overlap between pack stock and SNBS was minimal; only 1 percent of the potential meadow area in the SNBS herd home ranges overlapped that of pack stock meadows. There were no systematic differences in overall vegetation structure or composition, or in diversity, cover, or composition of forage species, that indicated pack stock were altering SNBS habitat or affecting their nutrition. Variation in plant species composition was influenced primarily by random differences among meadows and environmental gradients, and there was little evidence that pack stock use contributed in meaningful ways to this variation. The few differences among meadows with different levels of use by bighorn sheep and pack stock either were minor or were not in a direction consistent with negative effects of pack stock on SNBS. We conclude that the current plan for managing pack stock grazing has been successful in minimizing significant negative effects on Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151102","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R.C., Few, A.P., Knox, K.A., Hatfield, B.E., Clark, J., German, D.W., and Stephenson, T.R., 2015, Evaluating potential overlap between pack stock and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1102, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151102.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063428","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151102.png"},{"id":300950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1102/pdf/ofr2015-1102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"545 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300949,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1102/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kings Canyon National Parks, Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.4708251953125,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -118.98193359375,\n 36.43454191900892\n ],\n [\n -118.83911132812499,\n 36.14231087352999\n ],\n [\n -118.01513671875,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.230981283477924\n ],\n [\n -118.037109375,\n 36.46105407505434\n ],\n [\n -118.267822265625,\n 36.68163606561519\n ],\n [\n -118.311767578125,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -118.3172607421875,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -118.35571289062499,\n 37.068327517596586\n ],\n [\n -119.4708251953125,\n 37.02886944696474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556d741ce4b0d9246a9f9963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, Robert C. 0000-0003-3193-3199 rcklinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3199","contributorId":5395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"Robert","email":"rcklinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Few, Alexandra P.","contributorId":140965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Few","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knox, Kathleen A.","contributorId":140966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knox","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Brian E.","contributorId":140967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Jonathan","contributorId":139380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"German, David W.","contributorId":140968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"German","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13632,"text":"CDFW, Bishop, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephenson, Thomas R.","contributorId":64114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160781,"text":"70160781 - 2015 - Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: Two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:24:35","indexId":"70160781","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: Two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants","docAbstract":"

The double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) colony at Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario has been a Great Lakes focal point of controversy regarding cormorant–fish interactions for over two decades. We examined cormorant diet and fish consumption at the colony from 1992 to 2013. During this time period, two events, management actions and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion, occurred that affected the number of fish consumed by cormorants and their diet composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of round goby on the feeding ecology of cormorants and evaluate the efficacy of management actions on meeting cormorant population targets at the colony. Round goby first appeared in the diet in 2004 (0.8%) and within one year were the primary prey (29.3%). The presence of round goby in the diet of cormorants: (1) eliminated seasonal variability in diet composition, (2) reversed seasonal trends in the number of fish consumed daily, (3) increased daily fish consumption, and (4) significantly reduced the consumption of other species including yellow perch and smallmouth bass. Management actions, such as egg oiling and culling, were also effective in reducing nesting activity and the number of cormorant feeding days at the Little Galloo Island colony. There is evidence that the combination of management actions and round goby may have allowed some population recovery of yellow perch and smallmouth bass in eastern Lake Ontario.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.030","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McCullough, R.D., Farquhar, J., and Mazzocchi, I., 2015, Little Galloo Island, Lake Ontario: Two decades of studies on the diet, fish consumption, and management of double-crested cormorants: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 652-658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.030.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062478","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Little Galloo Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.39223098754883,\n 43.88849081589606\n ],\n [\n -76.39278888702393,\n 43.88861453047109\n ],\n [\n -76.39394760131836,\n 43.8884289585122\n ],\n [\n -76.3978099822998,\n 43.886078330323436\n ],\n [\n -76.39793872833252,\n 43.885738100137736\n ],\n [\n -76.39862537384033,\n 43.88518135564224\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 43.88419157480226\n ],\n [\n -76.39785289764404,\n 43.88323270893103\n ],\n [\n -76.39566421508789,\n 43.88298525716862\n ],\n [\n -76.3945484161377,\n 43.88326364032908\n ],\n [\n -76.39386177062988,\n 43.88416064388602\n ],\n [\n -76.39424800872803,\n 43.88471739792115\n ],\n [\n -76.39321804046631,\n 43.886356699029974\n ],\n [\n -76.3925313949585,\n 43.886820643983434\n ],\n [\n -76.39223098754883,\n 43.88849081589606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850ec7e4b0a04ef4933a06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCullough, Russell D.","contributorId":98154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farquhar, James F.","contributorId":150982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquhar","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzocchi, Irene","contributorId":150832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzocchi","given":"Irene","affiliations":[{"id":13678,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160778,"text":"70160778 - 2015 - Potential impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on hypolimnetic oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T13:59:56","indexId":"70160778","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on hypolimnetic oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie","docAbstract":"

Previous studies have indicated that burrow-irrigating infauna can increase sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and impact hypolimnetic oxygen in stratified lakes. We conducted laboratory microcosm experiments and computer simulations with larvae of the burrowing benthic midge Chironomus plumosus to quantify burrow oxygen uptake rates and subsequent contribution to sediment oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. Burrow oxygen uptake and water flow velocities through burrows were measured using oxygen microelectrodes and hot film anemometry, respectively. Burrow oxygen consumption averaged 2.66 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 7.82 × 10− 11) mol O2/burrow/s at 24 °C and 9.64 × 10− 10 (SE = ± 4.86 × 10− 10) mol O2/burrow/s at 15 °C. In sealed microcosm experiments, larvae increased SOD 500% at 24 °C (density = 1508/m2) and 375% at 15 °C (density = 864/m2). To further evaluate effects of densities of C. plumosus burrows on SOD we developed a 3-D transport reaction model of the process. Using experimental data and chironomid abundance data in faunal surveys in 2009 and 2010, we estimated that bioirrigation by a population of 140 larvae/m2 could account for between 2.54 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (model results) and 5.58 × 10− 11 mol/L/s (experimental results) of the average 4.22 × 10− 11 mol/L/s oxygen depletion rate between 1970 and 2003, which could have accounted for 60–132% of the oxygen decline. At present, it appears that the population density of this species may be an important factor in development of hypoxic or anoxic conditions in central Lake Erie.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.008","collaboration":"Soster (senior author; DePauw Univ), Matisoff (Case Western Univ), Edwards (Univ Niagara)","usgsCitation":"Soster, F.M., Matisoff, G., Schloesser, D.W., and Edwards, W.J., 2015, Potential impact of Chironomus plumosus larvae on hypolimnetic oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 348-357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061609","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.31986999511719,\n 41.43088670022892\n ],\n [\n -82.35557556152344,\n 41.426768045309\n ],\n [\n -82.38922119140625,\n 41.415440397070654\n ],\n [\n -82.43110656738281,\n 41.39741506646461\n ],\n [\n -82.47367858886717,\n 41.38299120166604\n ],\n [\n -82.51075744628906,\n 41.38196080315539\n ],\n [\n -82.55538940429688,\n 41.396384896536276\n ],\n [\n -82.58834838867188,\n 41.41235069554362\n ],\n [\n -82.60688781738281,\n 41.41852995163519\n ],\n [\n -82.65151977539062,\n 41.57025176609894\n ],\n [\n -82.63984680175781,\n 41.645722822493845\n ],\n [\n -82.54989624023438,\n 41.67342470920953\n ],\n [\n -82.48260498046875,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -82.35626220703124,\n 41.64623592868676\n ],\n [\n -82.29515075683594,\n 41.58925619641459\n ],\n [\n -82.3040771484375,\n 41.48389104267175\n ],\n [\n -82.31986999511719,\n 41.43088670022892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56850ee1e4b0a04ef4933a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soster, Frederick M.","contributorId":9092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soster","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matisoff, Gerald","contributorId":15046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matisoff","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, William J.","contributorId":47206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160777,"text":"70160777 - 2015 - A spatial classification and database for management, research, and policy making: The Great Lakes aquatic habitat framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-30T14:09:18","indexId":"70160777","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial classification and database for management, research, and policy making: The Great Lakes aquatic habitat framework","docAbstract":"

Managing the world's largest and most complex freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great Lakes, requires a spatially hierarchical basin-wide database of ecological and socioeconomic information that is comparable across the region. To meet such a need, we developed a spatial classification framework and database — Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF). GLAHF consists of catchments, coastal terrestrial, coastal margin, nearshore, and offshore zones that encompass the entire Great Lakes Basin. The catchments captured in the database as river pour points or coastline segments are attributed with data known to influence physicochemical and biological characteristics of the lakes from the catchments. The coastal terrestrial zone consists of 30-m grid cells attributed with data from the terrestrial region that has direct connection with the lakes. The coastal margin and nearshore zones consist of 30-m grid cells attributed with data describing the coastline conditions, coastal human disturbances, and moderately to highly variable physicochemical and biological characteristics. The offshore zone consists of 1.8-km grid cells attributed with data that are spatially less variable compared with the other aquatic zones. These spatial classification zones and their associated data are nested within lake sub-basins and political boundaries and allow the synthesis of information from grid cells to classification zones, within and among political boundaries, lake sub-basins, Great Lakes, or within the entire Great Lakes Basin. This spatially structured database could help the development of basin-wide management plans, prioritize locations for funding and specific management actions, track protection and restoration progress, and conduct research for science-based decision making.

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