{"pageNumber":"1247","pageRowStart":"31150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184853,"records":[{"id":70148546,"text":"70148546 - 2015 - High-frequency, long-duration water sampling in acid mine drainage studies: a short review of current methods and recent advances in automated water samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:37:16","indexId":"70148546","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency, long-duration water sampling in acid mine drainage studies: a short review of current methods and recent advances in automated water samplers","docAbstract":"<p>Hand-collected grab samples are the most common water sampling method but using grab sampling to monitor temporally variable aquatic processes such as diel metal cycling or episodic events is rarely feasible or cost-effective. Currently available automated samplers are a proven, widely used technology and typically collect up to 24 samples during a deployment. However, these automated samplers are not well suited for long-term sampling in remote areas or in freezing conditions. There is a critical need for low-cost, long-duration, high-frequency water sampling technology to improve our understanding of the geochemical response to temporally variable processes. This review article will examine recent developments in automated water sampler technology and utilize selected field data from acid mine drainage studies to illustrate the utility of high-frequency, long-duration water sampling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T., 2015, High-frequency, long-duration water sampling in acid mine drainage studies: a short review of current methods and recent advances in automated water samplers: Applied Geochemistry, v. 59, p. 118-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054825","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02d2e4b023124e8edf21","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.004","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Chapin Thomas P.","journalName":"Applied Geochemistry","publicationDate":"8/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, Thomas 0000-0001-6587-0734 tchapin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Thomas","email":"tchapin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148485,"text":"70148485 - 2015 - Influence of channel morphology and flow regime on larval drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:31:57","indexId":"70148485","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of channel morphology and flow regime on larval drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p>The transition from drifting free embryo to exogenously feeding larvae has been identified as a potential life-stage bottleneck for the endangered Missouri River pallid sturgeon. Previous studies have indicated that river regulation and fragmentation may contribute to the mortality of larval pallid sturgeon by reducing the extent of free-flowing river available to free embryos to complete ontogenetic development. Calculations of total drift distance based on mean velocity, however, do not address the potential for complex channels and flow patterns to increase retention or longitudinal dispersion of free embryos. We use a one-dimensional advection&ndash;dispersion model to estimate total drift distance and employ the longitudinal dispersion coefficient as a metric to quantify the tendency towards dispersion or retention of passively drifting larvae. We describe the effects of different styles of channel morphology on larval dispersion and consider the implications of flow regime modifications on retention of free embryos within the Lower Missouri River. The results illustrate the complex interactions of local morphology, engineered structures, and hydraulics that determine patterns of dispersion in riverine environments and inform how changes to channel morphology and flow regime may alter dispersion of drifting organisms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2752","usgsCitation":"Erwin, S.O., and Jacobson, R.B., 2015, Influence of channel morphology and flow regime on larval drift of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 5, p. 538-551, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2752.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051680","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55780e2de4b032353cbeb6f6","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2752","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2752","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Erwin S. O., Jacobson R. B.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"4/11/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, Susannah O. 0000-0002-2799-0118 serwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-0118","contributorId":5183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"Susannah","email":"serwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70148410,"text":"70148410 - 2015 - Individual specialization in the foraging habits of female bottlenose dolphins living in a trophically diverse and habitat rich estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T08:41:39","indexId":"70148410","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual specialization in the foraging habits of female bottlenose dolphins living in a trophically diverse and habitat rich estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine individual specialization in foraging habits (foraging habitat and trophic level) of female bottlenose dolphins (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Tursiops truncatus</i><span>) resident in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, by analyzing time series of stable isotope (&delta;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) values in sequential growth layer groups within teeth. The isotope data provide a chronology of foraging habits over the lifetime of the individual and allowed us to show that female bottlenose dolphins exhibit a high degree of individual specialization in both foraging habitat and trophic level. The foraging habits used by adult females are similar to those they used as calves and may be passed down from mother to calf through social learning. We also characterized the foraging habits and home range of each individual by constructing standard ellipses from isotope values and dolphin sightings data (latitude and longitude), respectively. These data show that Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphins forage within a subset of the habitats in which they are observed. Moreover, females with similar observational standard ellipses often possessed different foraging specializations. Female bottlenose dolphins may demonstrate individual specialization in foraging habits because it reduces some of the cost of living in groups, such as competition for prey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3241-6","usgsCitation":"Rossman, S., Ostrom, P., Stolen, M., Barros, N., Gandhi, H., Stricker, C.A., and Wells, R.S., 2015, Individual specialization in the foraging habits of female bottlenose dolphins living in a trophically diverse and habitat rich estuary: Oecologia, v. 178, no. 2, p. 415-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3241-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059950","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sarasota Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.53959655761719,\n              27.277517755145727\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.54199981689453,\n              27.332735136859146\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.58182525634766,\n              27.417185844162507\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.64808654785156,\n              27.445829551175592\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.69340515136719,\n              27.475379623995508\n            ],\n            [\n              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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stolen, Megan","contributorId":141032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolen","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13660,"text":"Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barros, Nélio B.","contributorId":89053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barros","given":"Nélio B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gandhi, Hasand","contributorId":31300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gandhi","given":"Hasand","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wells, Randall S.","contributorId":81773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70148464,"text":"70148464 - 2015 - Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-09T09:19:21","indexId":"70148464","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake","docAbstract":"<p>Conclusions drawn from stable isotope data can be limited by an incomplete understanding of natural isotopic variability over time and space. We quantified spatial and temporal variability in fish carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in Lake H&ouml;vsg&ouml;l, Mongolia, a large, remote, oligotrophic lake with an unusually species-poor fish community. The fish community demonstrated a high degree of trophic level overlap. Variability in &delta;<sup>13</sup>C was inversely related to littoral-benthic dependence, with pelagic species demonstrating more &delta;<sup>13</sup>C variability than littoral-benthic species. A mixed effects model suggested that space (sampling location) had a greater impact than time (collection year) on both &delta;<sup>13</sup>C and &delta;<sup>15</sup>N variability. The observed variability in Lake H&ouml;vsg&ouml;l was generally greater than isotopic variability documented in other large, oligotrophic lakes, similar to isotopic shifts attributed to introduced species, and less than isotopic shifts attributed to anthropogenic chemical changes such as eutrophication. This work complements studies on isotopic variability and changes in other lakes around the world.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010","usgsCitation":"Young, T., Jensen, O.P., Weidel, B., and Chandra, S., 2015, Natural trophic variability in a large, oligotrophic, near-pristine lake: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 463-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056094","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55780e2fe4b032353cbeb6f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Talia","contributorId":141088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Talia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Olaf P.","contributorId":92159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chandra, Sudeep","contributorId":33195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandra","given":"Sudeep","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148462,"text":"70148462 - 2015 - Unintended consequences of management actions in salt pond restoration: cascading effects in trophic interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:41:19","indexId":"70148462","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unintended consequences of management actions in salt pond restoration: cascading effects in trophic interactions","docAbstract":"<p>Salt evaporation ponds have played an important role as habitat for migratory waterbirds across the world, however, efforts to restore and manage these habitats to maximize their conservation value has proven to be challenging. For example, salinity reduction has been a goal for restoring and managing former salt evaporation ponds to support waterbirds in the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Here, we describe a case study of unexpected consequences of a low-dissolved oxygen (DO) event on trophic interactions in a salt pond system following management actions to reduce salinity concentrations. We document the ramifications of an anoxic event in water quality including salinity, DO, and temperature, and in the response of the biota including prey fish biomass, numerical response by California Gulls (Larus californicus), and chick survival of Forster's Tern (Sterna forsteri). Management actions intended to protect receiving waters resulted in decreased DO concentrations that collapsed to zero for &ge; 4 consecutive days, resulting in an extensive fish kill. DO depletion likely resulted from an algal bloom that arose following transition of the pond system from high to low salinity as respiration and decomposition outpaced photosynthetic production. We measured a &ge; 6-fold increase in biomass of fish dropped on the levee by foraging avian predators compared with weeks prior to and following the low-DO event. California Gulls rapidly responded to the availability of aerobically-stressed and vulnerable fish and increased in abundance by two orders of magnitude. Mark-recapture analysis of 254 Forster's Tern chicks indicated that their survival declined substantially following the increase in gull abundance. Thus, management actions to reduce salinity concentrations resulted in cascading effects in trophic interactions that serves as a cautionary tale illustrating the importance of understanding the interaction of water quality and trophic structure when managing restoration of salt ponds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0119345","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Ackerman, J., Brand, A., Graham, T.R., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Herzog, M.P., Topping, B.R., Shellenbarger, G., Kuwabara, J.S., Mruz, E., Piotter, S.L., and Athearn, N.D., 2015, Unintended consequences of management actions in salt pond restoration: cascading effects in trophic interactions: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119345.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051529","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119345","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55780e32e4b032353cbeb6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Arriana","contributorId":138613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Arriana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Tanya R. 0000-0002-4606-6721 tgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-6721","contributorId":4771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Tanya","email":"tgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":70148720,"text":"70148720 - 2015 - Evaluating unsupervised methods to size and classify suspended particles using digital in-line holography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T09:33:51","indexId":"70148720","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating unsupervised methods to size and classify suspended particles using digital in-line holography","docAbstract":"<p>Substantial information can be gained from digital in-line holography of marine particles, eliminating depth-of-field and focusing errors associated with standard lens-based imaging methods. However, for the technique to reach its full potential in oceanographic research, fully unsupervised (automated) methods are required for focusing, segmentation, sizing and classification of particles. These computational challenges are the subject of this paper, in which we draw upon data collected using a variety of holographic systems developed at Plymouth University, UK, from a significant range of particle types, sizes and shapes. A new method for noise reduction in reconstructed planes is found to be successful in aiding particle segmentation and sizing. The performance of an automated routine for deriving particle characteristics (and subsequent size distributions) is evaluated against equivalent size metrics obtained by a trained operative measuring grain axes on screen. The unsupervised method is found to be reliable, despite some errors resulting from over-segmentation of particles. A simple unsupervised particle classification system is developed, and is capable of successfully differentiating sand grains, bubbles and diatoms from within the surf-zone. Avoiding miscounting bubbles and biological particles as sand grains enables more accurate estimates of sand concentrations, and is especially important in deployments of particle monitoring instrumentation in aerated water. Perhaps the greatest potential for further development in the computational aspects of particle holography is in the area of unsupervised particle classification. The simple method proposed here provides a foundation upon which further development could lead to reliable identification of more complex particle populations, such as those containing phytoplankton, zooplankton, flocculated cohesive sediments and oil droplets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00157.1","usgsCitation":"Davies, E.J., Buscombe, D.D., Graham, G.W., and Nimmo-Smith, W.A., 2015, Evaluating unsupervised methods to size and classify suspended particles using digital in-line holography: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1241-1256, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00157.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1241","endPage":"1256","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059230","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3758","text":"External Repository"},{"id":301400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558931bee4b0b6d21dd61bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Emlyn J.","contributorId":141257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"Emlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13725,"text":"Dept. of Environmental Technology, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, George W.","contributorId":141258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13726,"text":"Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Plymouth UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimmo-Smith, W. Alex M.","contributorId":141259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nimmo-Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alex M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148554,"text":"70148554 - 2015 - Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:17:06","indexId":"70148554","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish","docAbstract":"<p>We developed two-dimensional computational fluid hydraulics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) models to identify and qualitatively assess potential zones of shallow water depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five major anadromous fish species in a 2.63-km reach of the main stem Penobscot River, Maine, as a result of a dam removal downstream of the reach. Suitability parameters were based on distribution of fish lengths and body depths and transformed to cruising, maximum sustained and sprint swimming speeds. Zones of potential depth and velocity challenges were calculated based on the hydraulic models; ability of fish to pass a challenge zone was based on the percent of river channel that the contiguous zone spanned and its maximum along-current length. Three river flows (low: 99.1 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>; normal: 344.9 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>; and high: 792.9 m<sup>3</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>) were modelled to simulate existing hydraulic conditions and hydraulic conditions simulating removal of a dam at the downstream boundary of the reach. Potential depth challenge zones were nonexistent for all low-flow simulations of existing conditions for deeper-bodied fishes. Increasing flows for existing conditions and removal of the dam under all flow conditions increased the number and size of potential velocity challenge zones, with the effects of zones being more pronounced for smaller species. The two-dimensional CFD-HSI model has utility in demonstrating gross effects of flow and hydraulic alteration, but may not be as precise a predictive tool as a three-dimensional model. Passability of the potential challenge zones cannot be precisely quantified for two-dimensional or three-dimensional models due to untested assumptions and incomplete data on fish swimming performance and behaviours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2911","usgsCitation":"Haro, A.J., Chelminski, M., and Dudley, R.W., 2015, Computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 5, p. 526-537, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2911.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049212","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02c5e4b023124e8edf09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chelminski, Michael","contributorId":9532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelminski","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160463,"text":"70160463 - 2015 - Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T14:56:02.468976","indexId":"70160463","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (<i>Anser indicus</i>) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","title":"Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission","docAbstract":"<p>Population connectivity is an important consideration in studies of disease transmission and biological conservation, especially with regard to migratory species. Determining how and when different subpopulations intermingle during different phases of the annual cycle can help identify important geographical regions or features as targets for conservation efforts and can help inform our understanding of continental-scale disease transmission. In this study, stable isotopes of hydrogen and carbon in contour feathers were used to assess the degree of molt-site fidelity among Bar-headed Geese (<i>Anser indicus</i>) captured in north-central Mongolia. Samples were collected from actively molting Bar-headed Geese (<i>n</i> = 61), and some individual samples included both a newly grown feather (still in sheath) and an old, worn feather from the bird's previous molt (<i>n</i> = 21). Although there was no difference in mean hydrogen isotope ratios for the old and new feathers, the isotopic variance in old feathers was approximately three times higher than that of the new feathers, which suggests that these birds use different and geographically distant molting locations from year to year. To further test this conclusion, online data and modeling tools from the isoMAP website were used to generate probability landscapes for the origin of each feather. Likely molting locations were much more widespread for old feathers than for new feathers, which supports the prospect of low molt-site fidelity. This finding indicates that population connectivity would be greater than expected based on data from a single annual cycle, and that disease spread can be rapid even in areas like Mongolia where Bar-headed Geese generally breed in small isolated groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1675/063.038.0201","usgsCitation":"Bridge, E., Kelly, J., Xiao, X., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Hill, N., Takekawa, J.Y., Hawkes, L.A., Bishop, C.M., Butler, P.J., and Newman, S.H., 2015, Stable isotopes suggest low site fidelity in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) in Mongolia: Implications for disease transmission: Waterbirds, v. 38, no. 2, p. 123-132, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0201.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064859","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70217070,"text":"70217070 - 2015 - Exploration review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-01T15:28:46.980044","indexId":"70217070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T08:36:18","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration review","docAbstract":"<p>This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2014 draws upon information from industry sources, published literature, and specialists in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Minerals Information Center.&nbsp; The summary provides data on exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs affecting the mineral exploration industry, and presents analyses of exploration activities performed by the mineral industry</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., Stanley, K.A., and Karl, N.A., 2015, Exploration review: Mining Engineering, no. May, p. 16-38.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-064630","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"May","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":246004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Karyn A.","contributorId":246005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Karyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Nick A 0000-0003-2858-2498","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-2498","contributorId":246006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155973,"text":"70155973 - 2015 - Stress- and structure-controlled anisotropy in a region of complex faulting—Yuha Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T15:15:12","indexId":"70155973","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress- and structure-controlled anisotropy in a region of complex faulting—Yuha Desert, California","docAbstract":"<p>We examine shear velocity anisotropy in the Yuha Desert, California using aftershocks of the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. The Yuha Desert is underlain by a complex network of right- and left-lateral conjugate faults, some of which experienced triggered slip during the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. An automated method that implements multiple measurement windows and a range of bandpass filters is used to estimate the fast direction (<i>ϕ</i>) and delay time (<i>&delta;t</i>) of the split shear waves. We find an average <i>ϕ</i> oriented approximately north&ndash;south suggesting it is primarily controlled by the regional maximum compressive stress direction. However, the spatial variability in <i>ϕ</i> reveals that the fault structures that underlie the Yuha Desert also influence the measured splitting parameters. We infer that the northeast- and northwest-oriented <i>ϕ</i> reflect shear fabric subparallel to the conjugate fault structures. We do not observe a simple correlation between <i>&delta;t</i> and hypocentral distance. Instead, the observed spatial variation in <i>&delta;t</i> suggests that near-source variation in anisotropic strength may be equal to or more important than effects local to the station. No temporal variation in splitting parameters is observed during the 70-day period following the main shock. In this region of complex faulting, we observe a spatially variable pattern of anisotropy that is both stress- and structure-controlled. This study suggests that shear fabric can form even along short, discontinuous fault strands with minimal offset. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv191","usgsCitation":"Cochran, E.S., and Kroll, K.A., 2015, Stress- and structure-controlled anisotropy in a region of complex faulting—Yuha Desert, California: Geophysical Journal International, v. 202, no. 2, p. 1109-1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv191.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060823","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yuha Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.94970703125,\n              32.616243412727385\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94970703125,\n              32.794201303793194\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.65582275390624,\n              32.794201303793194\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.65582275390624,\n              32.616243412727385\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.94970703125,\n              32.616243412727385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"202","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbce4b08400b1fe143c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroll, Kayla A.","contributorId":146335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroll","given":"Kayla","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6984,"text":"UC Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155075,"text":"70155075 - 2015 - Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T15:31:40","indexId":"70155075","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Light Goose Conservation Order (LGCO) was initiated in 1999 to reduce mid-continent populations of light geese (lesser snow geese&nbsp;</span><i>Chen caerulescens</i><span>&nbsp;and Ross's geese&nbsp;</span><i>C. rossi)</i><span>. However, concern about potential for LGCO activities (i.e. hunting activities) to negatively impact non-target waterfowl species during spring migration in the Rainwater Basin (RWB) of Nebraska prompted agency personnel to limit the number of hunt days each week and close multiple public wetlands to LGCO activities entirely. To evaluate the effects of the LGCO in the RWB, we quantified waterfowl density at wetlands open and closed to LGCO hunting and recorded all hunter encounters during springs 2011 and 2012. We encountered a total of 70 hunting parties on 22 study wetlands, with over 90% of these encounters occurring during early season when the majority of waterfowl used the RWB region. We detected greater overall densities of dabbling ducks Anas spp., as well as for mallards&nbsp;</span><i>A. platyrhynchos</i><span>&nbsp;and northern pintails&nbsp;</span><i>A. acuta</i><span>&nbsp;on wetlands closed to the LGCO. We detected no effects of hunt day in the analyses of dabbling duck densities. We detected no differences in mean weekly dabbling duck densities among wetlands open to hunting, regardless of weekly or cumulative hunting encounter frequency throughout early season. Additionally, hunting category was not a predictor for the presence of greater white-fronted geese&nbsp;</span><i>Anser albifrons</i><span>in a logistic regression model. Given that dabbling duck densities were greater on wetlands closed to hunting, providing wetlands free from hunting disturbance as refugia during the LGCO remains an important management strategy at migration stopover sites. However, given that we did not detect an effect of hunt day or hunting frequency on dabbling duck density, our results suggest increased hunting frequency at sites already open to hunting would likely have minimal impacts on the distribution of non-target waterfowl species using the region for spring staging.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Board for Wildlife Research","publisherLocation":"Lund, Sweden","doi":"10.2981/wlb.00063","usgsCitation":"Dinges, A.J., Webb, E.B., and Vrtiska, M.P., 2015, Effects of the light goose conservation order on non-target waterfowl distribution during spring migration: Wildlife Biology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 88-97, https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00063.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-03-31","ipdsId":"IP-053124","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Rainwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.910400390625,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9158935546875,\n              40.006579667838636\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.5743408203125,\n              40.006579667838636\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.535888671875,\n              41.054501963290505\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7064208984375,\n              40.6723059714534\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.953857421875,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.470458984375,\n              40.751418432997454\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6572265625,\n              40.971603532799115\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              41.14970617453726\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0255126953125,\n              40.9840449469281\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.66845703124999,\n              41.25716209782705\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.31689453125,\n              41.35619553438905\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.910400390625,\n              41.47977575214487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinges, Andrew J.","contributorId":145935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinges","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vrtiska, Mark P.","contributorId":54008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrtiska","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154749,"text":"70154749 - 2015 - Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:43:43","indexId":"70154749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3649,"text":"Tree Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of <i>Pinus flexilis</i> seedlings","title":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Survival of tree seedlings at high elevations has been shown to be limited by thermal constraints on carbon balance, but it is unknown if carbon relations also limit seedling survival at lower elevations, where water relations may be more important. We measured and modeled carbon fluxes and water relations in first-year&nbsp;</span><i>Pinus flexilis</i><span>&nbsp;seedlings in garden plots just beyond the warm edge of their natural range, and compared these with dry-mass gain and survival across two summers. We hypothesized that mortality in these seedlings would be associated with declines in water relations, more so than with carbon-balance limitations. Rather than gradual declines in survivorship across growing seasons, we observed sharp, large-scale mortality episodes that occurred once volumetric soil-moisture content dropped below 10%. By this point, seedling water potentials had decreased below &minus;5 MPa, seedling hydraulic conductivity had decreased by 90% and seedling hydraulic resistance had increased by &gt;900%. Additionally, non-structural carbohydrates accumulated in aboveground tissues at the end of both summers, suggesting impairments in phloem-transport from needles to roots. This resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in roots, which likely impaired root growth and water uptake at the time of critically low soil moisture. While photosynthesis and respiration on a leaf area basis remained high until critical hydraulic thresholds were exceeded, modeled seedling gross primary productivity declined steadily throughout the summers. At the time of mortality, modeled productivity was insufficient to support seedling biomass-gain rates, metabolism and secondary costs. Thus the large-scale mortality events that we observed near the end of each summer were most directly linked with acute, episodic declines in plant hydraulic function that were linked with important changes in whole-seedling carbon relations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpv045","usgsCitation":"Reinhardt, K., Germino, M.J., Kueppers, L.M., Domec, J., and Mitton, J., 2015, Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings: Tree Physiology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv045.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059360","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb7e4b08400b1fe1411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":11949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":3298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domec, Jean-Christophe","contributorId":146460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domec","given":"Jean-Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitton, Jeffry","contributorId":145421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitton","given":"Jeffry","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70154805,"text":"70154805 - 2015 - Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:59:06","indexId":"70154805","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of characteristics that promote group success during intraspecific encounters is key to understanding the adaptive advantages of sociality for many group-living species. In addition, some individuals in a group may be more likely than others to influence intergroup conflicts, a relatively neglected idea in research on social animals. Here we use observations of aggressive interactions between wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) packs over an extended period and use pack characteristics to determine which groups had an advantage over their opponents. During 16 years of observation in Yellowstone National Park from 1995 to 2010, we documented 121 interpack aggressive interactions. We recorded pack sizes, compositions, and spatial orientation related to residency to determine their effects on the outcomes of interactions between packs. Relative pack size (RPS) improved the odds of a pack displacing its opponent. However, pack composition moderated the effect of RPS as packs with relatively more old members (&gt;6.0 years old) or adult males had higher odds of winning despite a numerical disadvantage. The location of the interaction with respect to pack territories had no effect on the outcome of interpack interactions. Although the importance of RPS in successful territorial defense suggests the evolution and maintenance of group living may be at least partly due to larger packs&rsquo; success during interpack interactions, group composition is also an important factor, highlighting that some individuals are more valuable than others during interpack conflicts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arv081","usgsCitation":"Cassidy, K.A., MacNulty, D.R., Stahler, D.R., Smith, D.W., and Mech, L.D., 2015, Group composition effects on aggressive interpack interactions of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park: Behavioral Ecology, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1352-1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1352","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057162","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              45.00753503123719\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.720458984375,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0662841796875,\n              44.09942068528651\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb6e4b08400b1fe1407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassidy, Kira A.","contributorId":145492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassidy","given":"Kira","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16134,"text":"Yellowstone Wolf Project, Yellowstone Ctr for Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel R.","contributorId":64069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel R.","contributorId":57703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas W.","contributorId":95727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156261,"text":"70156261 - 2015 - Observation of sandhill cranes' (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) flight behavior in heavy fog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T12:49:43","indexId":"70156261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observation of sandhill cranes' (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) flight behavior in heavy fog","docAbstract":"<p>The behaviors of birds flying in low visibility conditions remain poorly understood. We had the opportunity to monitor Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) flying in heavy fog with very low visibility during a comprehensive landscape use study of refuging cranes in the Horicon Marsh in southeastern Wisconsin. As part of the study, we recorded flight patterns of cranes with a portable marine radar at various locations and times of day, and visually counted cranes as they departed the roost in the morning. We compared flight patterns during a fog event with those recorded during clear conditions. In good visibility, cranes usually departed the night roost shortly after sunrise and flew in relatively straight paths toward foraging areas. In fog, cranes departed the roost later in the day, did not venture far from the roost, engaged in significantly more circling flight, and returned to the roost site rather than proceeding to foraging areas. We also noted that compared to mornings with good visibility, cranes flying in fog called more frequently than usual. The only time in this 2-year study that observers heard young of the year calling was during the fog event. The observed behavior of cranes circling and lingering in an area while flying in poor visibility conditions suggests that such situations may increase chances of colliding with natural or anthropogenic obstacles in the vicinity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/wils-127-02-281-288.1","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E.M., Wellik, M.J., Suarez, M.J., Diehl, R., Lutes, J., Woyczik, W., Krapfl, J., and Sojda, R.S., 2015, Observation of sandhill cranes' (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) flight behavior in heavy fog: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 127, no. 2, p. 281-288, https://doi.org/10.1676/wils-127-02-281-288.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"288","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058176","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Horicon Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.6981201171875,\n              43.52191665082259\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6981201171875,\n              43.61395676232749\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59615325927734,\n              43.61395676232749\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59615325927734,\n              43.52191665082259\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6981201171875,\n              43.52191665082259\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45732e4b0518e354694dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, Eileen M. 0000-0002-2818-5022 ekirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5022","contributorId":3477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Eileen","email":"ekirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellik, Mike J. 0000-0002-3123-3988 mwellik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-3988","contributorId":4587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellik","given":"Mike","email":"mwellik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suarez, Manuel J. msuarez@usgs.gov","contributorId":3086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"Manuel","email":"msuarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, Robert H.","contributorId":146608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diehl","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[{"id":13403,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Biological Sciences, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutes, Jim","contributorId":146609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutes","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16733,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Leopold Wetland Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woyczik, Wendy","contributorId":146610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woyczik","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16734,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Horicon National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krapfl, Jon","contributorId":146611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krapfl","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16734,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Horicon National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70154985,"text":"70154985 - 2015 - Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T09:30:23","indexId":"70154985","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although several studies have described roost use by Rafinesque's big-eared bats (</span><i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i><span>), few studies have examined roost selection. We examined roost use and selection by Rafinesque's big-eared bat at the tree, stand, and landscape scales during the maternity season in pristine old-growth habitat in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We located 43 roosts (14 maternity, 29 solitary) through cavity searches and radio-telemetry. Maternity colonies and solitary individuals selected roosts based on similar characteristics. The best model explaining roost selection by all bats included tree and stand characteristics; landscape factors had little influence on roost use. Bats selected large diameter trees in areas with a high density of trees with cavities in the surrounding area. Most roosts (67.4%) were in water tupelo (</span><i>Nyssa aquatica</i><span>) in semi-permanently flooded and saturated areas. Half of maternity roost cavities had upper bole openings whereas only 25.8% of solitary roosts had upper bole openings. Bats that roosted with maternity groups stayed in roosts for significantly shorter periods of time (1.3 &plusmn; 0.1 days) and used significantly more roost trees (5.0 &plusmn; 0.6 roosts) than adult males (3.8 &plusmn; 1.10 days, 2.3 &plusmn; 0.4 roosts, respectively). Maternity colony use of cavities with upper bole openings and shorter residency times suggest that predator avoidance may have been an important factor governing roosting behavior of maternity colonies in this area. Our results suggest that retention of large diameter, hollow trees in wetland areas will benefit Rafinesque's big-eared bat individuals and maternity colonies in this area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.011","usgsCitation":"Lucas, J.S., Loeb, S.C., and Jodice, P.G., 2015, Roost selection by Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (<i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii</i>) in a pristine habitat at three spatial scales: Acta Chiropterologica, v. 17, no. 1, p. 131-141, https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.1.011.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044521","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.86243347149935\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              33.86243347149935\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66299438476562,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.89645385742188,\n              33.754031498216385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45734e4b0518e354694ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, Jessica S.","contributorId":146586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154809,"text":"70154809 - 2015 - Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-08T13:42:30","indexId":"70154809","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seasonal degradation of aquatic habitats from hypoxia occurs in numerous freshwater and coastal marine systems and can result in direct mortality or displacement of fish. Yet, fishery landings from these systems are frequently unresponsive to changes in the severity and extent of hypoxia, and population-scale effects have been difficult to measure except in extreme hypoxic conditions with hypoxia-sensitive species. We investigated fine-scale temporal and spatial variability in dissolved oxygen in Lake Erie as it related to fish distribution and catch efficiencies of both active (bottom trawls) and passive (trap nets) fishing gears. Temperature and dissolved oxygen loggers placed near the edge of the hypolimnion exhibited much higher than expected variability. Hypoxic episodes of variable durations were frequently punctuated by periods of normoxia, consistent with high-frequency internal waves. High-resolution interpolations of water quality and hydroacoustic surveys suggest that fish habitat is compressed during hypoxic episodes, resulting in higher fish densities near the edges of hypoxia. At fixed locations with passive commercial fishing gear, catches with the highest values occurred when bottom waters were hypoxic for intermediate proportions of time. Proximity to hypoxia explained significant variation in bottom trawl catches, with higher catch rates near the edge of hypoxia. These results emphasize how hypoxia may elevate catch rates in various types of fishing gears, leading to a lack of association between indices of hypoxia and fishery landings. Increased catch rates of fish at the edges of hypoxia have important implications for stock assessment models that assume catchability is spatially homogeneous.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0517","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R.T., Knight, C.T., Farmer, T.M., Gorman, A.M., Collingsworth, P.D., Warren, G.J., Kocovsky, P.M., and Conroy, J.D., 2015, Dynamic hypoxic zones in Lake Erie compress fish habitat, altering vulnerability to fishing gears: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 6, p. 797-806, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0517.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"806","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060963","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Fairport Harbor","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.78052894057897\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23222351074219,\n              41.78052894057897\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23222351074219,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.31805419921875,\n              41.740577910570785\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"559e49aae4b0b94a64018f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Carey T.","contributorId":56529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Carey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Troy M.","contributorId":69893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, Ann Marie","contributorId":145525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorman","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collingsworth, Paris D.","contributorId":145526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collingsworth","given":"Paris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warren, Glenn J.","contributorId":79407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Conroy, Joseph D.","contributorId":145527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conroy","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70182182,"text":"70182182 - 2015 - Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T11:35:54","indexId":"70182182","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologic processes during extreme rainfall events are poorly characterized because of the rarity of measurements. Improved understanding of hydrologic controls on natural hazards is needed because of the potential for substantial risk during extreme precipitation events. We present field measurements of the degree of soil saturation and estimates of available soil-water storage during the September 2013 Colorado extreme rainfall event at burned (wildfire in 2010) and unburned hillslopes with north- and south-facing slope aspects. Soil saturation was more strongly correlated with slope aspect than with recent fire history; south-facing hillslopes became fully saturated while north-facing hillslopes did not. Our results suggest multiple explanations for why aspect-dependent hydrologic controls favor saturation development on south-facing slopes, causing reductions in effective stress and triggering of slope failures during extreme rainfall. Aspect-dependent hydrologic behavior may result from (1) a larger gravel and stone fraction, and hence lower soil-water storage capacity, on south-facing slopes, and (2) lower weathered-bedrock permeability on south-facing slopes, because of lower tree density and associated deep roots penetrating bedrock as well as less intense weathering, inhibiting soil drainage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G36741.1","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Rengers, F., and Tucker, G.E., 2015, Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range: Geology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36741.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"662","ipdsId":"IP-065569","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e2fe4b0ce4410e7d5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K.","contributorId":181893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":177811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154754,"text":"70154754 - 2015 - Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T11:55:47","indexId":"70154754","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Many marine species have complex life histories that involve disparate developmental, foraging and reproductive habitats and a holistic assessment of the spatial requirements for different life stages is a challenge that greatly complicates their management. Here, we combined data from oceanographic modeling, nesting surveys, and satellite tracking to examine the spatial requirements of different life stages of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our findings indicate that after emerging from nesting beaches in Alabama and Northwest Florida, hatchlings disperse widely and the proportion of turtles following a given route varies substantially through time, with the majority (mean of 74.4%) projected to leave the Gulf of Mexico. Adult females use neritic habitat throughout the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico both during the inter-nesting phase and as post-nesting foraging areas. Movements and habitat use of juveniles and adult males represent a large gap in our knowledge, but given the hatchling dispersal predictions and tracks of post-nesting females it is likely that some Loggerhead Turtles remain in the Gulf of Mexico throughout their life. More than two-thirds of the Gulf provides potential habitat for at least one life-stage of Loggerhead Turtles. These results demonstrate the importance of the Gulf of Mexico to this Distinct Population Segment of Loggerhead Turtles. It also highlights the benefits of undertaking comprehensive studies of multiple life stages simultaneously: loss of individual habitats have the potential to affect several life stages thereby having long-term consequences to population recovery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Putman, N.F., Fujisaki, I., and Hart, K.M., 2015, Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (<i>Caretta caretta</i>) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 26-43.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045262","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78012084960938,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.78012084960938,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.48873901367188,\n              29.57942881484495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f37e4b0b6d21dd6cc05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193056,"text":"70193056 - 2015 - Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T17:00:37.96629","indexId":"70193056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"<p><span>In western North America, endangered black-footed ferrets&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><i>ustela nigripes</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are conserved via reintroduction to colonies of prairie dogs<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C</i><i>ynomys</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spp., their primary prey. Predation is an important source of mortality; coyotes<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C</i><i>anis latrans</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>appear to be the most problematic predator, accounting for 67% of known predation events on radio-tagged ferrets. Little is known about what factors affect spatial use of prairie dog colonies by coyotes, or how other animals might affect interactions between coyotes and ferrets. During June–October 2007–2008, we used spotlight surveys to monitor coyotes and ferrets (both years) and rabbits<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>S</i><i>ylvilagus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>spp. (first year) on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C</i><i>ynomys ludovicianus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. Coyotes appeared to select areas of the colony used by rabbits, suggesting coyotes hunted rabbits, a common item in their diet. Between midnight and sunrise, ferrets were most commonly observed during early morning (01:00–03:00 h), whereas coyotes were observed mostly during dawn (04:00 h – sunrise) when ferrets were rarely seen. These temporal differences in the timing of observations suggest ferrets tend to remain underground in burrows when coyotes are most active. Coyotes appeared to be attracted to rabbits in both space and time, suggesting the risk of predation for ferrets might relate to the abundance and locations of rabbits in prairie dog colonies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/jzo.12228","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Biggins, D.E., and Livieri, T.M., 2015, Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets: Journal of Zoology, v. 296, no. 2, p. 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12228.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"152","ipdsId":"IP-065671","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Conata Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.20486846045789,\n              43.69583510071038\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.33775915230753,\n              43.797628895774494\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.41871555079076,\n              43.813062147130296\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.43399034295724,\n              43.79404560646648\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.29308038522007,\n              43.696111198574556\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.26214893108263,\n              43.690312876470955\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.20486846045789,\n              43.69583510071038\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"296","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a3ee4b063d5d3098119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":198976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":198977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192678,"text":"70192678 - 2015 - Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:57:49","indexId":"70192678","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient","docAbstract":"<p><span>Turnover in animal species along vegetation gradients is often assumed to reflect adaptive habitat preferences that are narrower than the full gradient. Specifically, animals may decline in abundance where their reproductive success is low, and these poor-quality locations differ among species. Yet habitat use does not always appear adaptive. The crucial tests of how abundances and demographic costs of animals vary along experimentally manipulated vegetation gradients are lacking. We examined habitat use and nest predation rates for 16 bird species that exhibited turnover with shifts in deciduous and coniferous vegetation. For most bird species, decreasing abundance was associated with increasing predation rates along both natural and experimentally modified vegetation gradients. This landscape-scale approach strongly supports the idea that vegetation-mediated effects of predation are associated with animal distributions and species turnover.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-1333.1","usgsCitation":"LaManna, J.A., Hemenway, A.B., Boccadori, V., and Martin, T.E., 2015, Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient: Ecology, v. 96, no. 6, p. 1670-1680, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1333.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1670","endPage":"1680","ipdsId":"IP-043972","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","volume":"96","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c3e4b0dc0b45b45407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaManna, Joseph A.","contributorId":171738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaManna","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemenway, Amy B.","contributorId":200185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemenway","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boccadori, Vanna","contributorId":200186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boccadori","given":"Vanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70100559,"text":"70100559 - 2015 - On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T11:48:44.692877","indexId":"70100559","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes. We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;6.0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linear-cloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic &ndash; formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Masci, F., and Love, J.J., 2015, On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, p. 1061-1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1068","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055913","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[15.52038,38.23116],[15.16024,37.44405],[15.3099,37.13422],[15.09999,36.61999],[14.33523,36.99663],[13.82673,37.10453],[12.431,37.61295],[12.57094,38.12638],[13.74116,38.03497],[14.76125,38.14387],[15.52038,38.23116]]],[[[9.21001,41.20999],[9.80998,40.50001],[9.66952,39.17738],[9.21482,39.24047],[8.80694,38.90662],[8.4283,39.17185],[8.38825,40.37831],[8.16,40.95001],[8.70999,40.89998],[9.21001,41.20999]]],[[[12.37649,46.76756],[13.80648,46.50931],[13.69811,46.01678],[13.93763,45.59102],[13.14161,45.73669],[12.32858,45.38178],[12.38387,44.88537],[12.26145,44.60048],[12.58924,44.09137],[13.52691,43.58773],[14.02982,42.76101],[15.14257,41.95514],[15.92619,41.96132],[16.1699,41.74029],[15.88935,41.54108],[16.785,41.17961],[17.51917,40.87714],[18.37669,40.35562],[18.48025,40.16887],[18.29339,39.81077],[17.73838,40.27767],[16.8696,40.44223],[16.44874,39.7954],[17.17149,39.4247],[17.05284,38.90287],[16.63509,38.84357],[16.10096,37.9859],[15.68409,37.90885],[15.68796,38.21459],[15.89198,38.75094],[16.10933,38.96455],[15.71881,39.54407],[15.41361,40.04836],[14.9985,40.17295],[14.70327,40.60455],[14.06067,40.78635],[13.62799,41.18829],[12.88808,41.25309],[12.10668,41.70453],[11.19191,42.35543],[10.51195,42.93146],[10.20003,43.92001],[9.70249,44.03628],[8.88895,44.36634],[8.42856,44.23123],[7.85077,43.76715],[7.43518,43.69384],[7.5496,44.1279],[7.00756,44.25477],[6.74996,45.02852],[7.09665,45.3331],[6.80236,45.70858],[6.84359,45.99115],[7.27385,45.77695],[7.75599,45.82449],[8.31663,46.16364],[8.48995,46.00515],[8.96631,46.03693],[9.18288,46.44021],[9.92284,46.3149],[10.36338,46.48357],[10.4427,46.89355],[11.04856,46.75136],[11.16483,46.94158],[12.15309,47.11539],[12.37649,46.76756]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Italy\"}}]}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c341e4b0e02680be59aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.N.","contributorId":20988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masci, F.","contributorId":118241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masci","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189598,"text":"70189598 - 2015 - An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:28:14","indexId":"70189598","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships","docAbstract":"<p><span>Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to &gt;11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH &lt;9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>). Cladocerans (</span><i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span>), amphipods (</span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span>), and fathead minnows (</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to ≥9) or a 2.5% CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>atmosphere (pH 7.5–8.2), then transferred to control water for 5 d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2943","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A., Ingersoll, C.G., Kemble, N.E., Echols, K.R., Brumbaugh, W.G., Henquinet, J.W., and Watten, B.J., 2015, An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1405-1416, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2943.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1405","endPage":"1416","ipdsId":"IP-062138","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e27e4b0d1f9f0640772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henquinet, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":171741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henquinet","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70159334,"text":"70159334 - 2015 - A new species of <i>Cryptotis</i> (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:21:24","indexId":"70159334","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of <i>Cryptotis</i> (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes","docAbstract":"<p>The Sierra de Perij&aacute; is the northern extension of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes and includes part of the border between Colombia and Venezuela. The population of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae, Cryptotis) inhabiting the Sierra de Perij&aacute; previously was known from only a single skull from an individual collected in Colombia in 1989. This specimen had been referred to alternatively as C. thomasi and C. meridensis, but more precise definition of the known Colombian and Venezuelan species of Cryptotis has since excluded the Sierra de Perij&aacute; population from any named species. The recent collection of a specimen from the Venezuelan slope of Sierra de Perij&aacute;, prompted us to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of this population and determine its relationship with other Andean shrews. Our examination of the available specimens revealed that they possess a unique suite of morphological and morphometrical characters, and we describe the Sierra de Perij&aacute; population as a new species in the South American C. thomasi species group. Recognition of this new species adds to our knowledge of this genus in South America and to the biodiversity of the Sierra de Perij&aacute;.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyv085","usgsCitation":"Quiroga-Carmona, M., and Woodman, N., 2015, A new species of <i>Cryptotis</i> (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 96, no. 4, p. 800-809, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv085.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"809","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062343","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Columbia, Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Sierra de Perija","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.29254150390625,\n              9.700935243407013\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29254150390625,\n              10.38246684741556\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.59490966796875,\n              10.38246684741556\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.59490966796875,\n              9.700935243407013\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29254150390625,\n              9.700935243407013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08aae4b011227bf1fd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quiroga-Carmona, Marcial","contributorId":149354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quiroga-Carmona","given":"Marcial","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17716,"text":"Laboratorio de Paleontología, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apartado postal 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159219,"text":"70159219 - 2015 - The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:45:44","indexId":"70159219","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time-varying fire-climate relationships may represent an important component of fire-regime variability, relevant for understanding the controls of fire and projecting fire activity under global-change scenarios. We used time-varying statistical models to evaluate if and how fire-climate relationships varied from 1902-2008, in one of the most flammable forested regions of the western U.S.A. Fire-danger and water-balance metrics yielded the best combination of calibration accuracy and predictive skill in modeling annual area burned. The strength of fire-climate relationships varied markedly at multi-decadal scales, with models explaining &lt; 40% to 88% of the variation in annual area burned. The early 20th century (1902-1942) and the most recent two decades (1985-2008) exhibited strong fire-climate relationships, with weaker relationships for much of the mid 20th century (1943-1984), coincident with diminished burning, less fire-conducive climate, and the initiation of modern fire fighting. Area burned and the strength of fire-climate relationships increased sharply in the mid 1980s, associated with increased temperatures and longer potential fire seasons. Unlike decades with high burning in the early 20th century, models developed using fire-climate relationships from recent decades overpredicted area burned when applied to earlier periods. This amplified response of fire to climate is a signature of altered fire-climate-relationships, and it implicates non-climatic factors in this recent shift. Changes in fuel structure and availability following 40+ yr of unusually low fire activity, and possibly land use, may have resulted in increased fire vulnerability beyond expectations from climatic factors alone. Our results highlight the potential for non-climatic factors to alter fire-climate relationships, and the need to account for such dynamics, through adaptable statistical or processes-based models, for accurately predicting future fire activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., 2015, The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0127563: 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563.","productDescription":"e0127563: 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063794","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              48.58932584966972\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.67578124999999,\n              48.1367666796927\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6650390625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9072265625,\n              46.07323062540838\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.57763671875,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76416015625,\n              45.73685954736049\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.07177734375,\n              45.24395342262324\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1376953125,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.533203125,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.8955078125,\n              43.83452678223684\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.818359375,\n              43.34116005412307\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.83984375,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.38916015624999,\n              43.94537239244209\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.78466796875,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.54350521320822\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69677734375,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16943359374999,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.01562499999999,\n              46.14939437647686\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8505859375,\n              48.019324184801185\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              48.32703913063476\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              48.79239019646406\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04833984375001,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08f5e4b011227bf1fdeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280 jlittell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":4428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"jlittell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159048,"text":"70159048 - 2015 - Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T09:08:54","indexId":"70159048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","docAbstract":"<p>We live in a world where biophysical and social processes are tightly coupled. Hydrologic systems change in response to a variety of natural and human forces such as climate variability and change, water use and water infrastructure, and land cover change. In turn, changes in hydrologic systems impact socioeconomic, ecological, and climate systems at a number of scales, leading to a coevolution of these interlinked systems. The Harvard Water Program, Hydrosociology, Integrated Water Resources Management, Ecohydrology, Hydromorphology, and Sociohydrology were all introduced to provide distinct, interdisciplinary perspectives on water problems to address the contemporary dynamics of human interaction with the hydrosphere and the evolution of the Earth&rsquo;s hydrologic systems. Each of them addresses scientific, social, and engineering challenges related to how humans influence water systems and vice versa. There are now numerous examples in the literature of how holistic approaches can provide a structure and vision of the future of hydrology. We review selected examples, which taken together, describe the type of theoretical and applied integrated hydrologic analyses and associated curricular content required to address the societal issue of water resources sustainability. We describe a modern interdisciplinary science of hydrology needed to develop an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the connectedness between human and natural systems and to determine effective solutions to resolve the complex water problems that the world faces today. Nearly, every theoretical hydrologic model introduced previously is in need of revision to accommodate how climate, land, vegetation, and socioeconomic factors interact, change, and evolve over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017049","usgsCitation":"Vogel, R.M., Lall, U., Cai, X., Rajagopalan, B., Weiskel, P.K., Hooper, R.P., and Matalas, N.C., 2015, Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, p. 4409-4430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017049.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4409","endPage":"4430","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065855","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce77e4b06217fc478aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lall, Upmanu","contributorId":101172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lall","given":"Upmanu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cai, Ximing","contributorId":149230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Ximing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17685,"text":"University of Illinois, Champagne-Urbana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matalas, Nicholas C.","contributorId":34535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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