The 23 August 2011 Mw (moment magnitude) 5.7 ± 0.1, Mineral, Virginia, earthquake was the largest and most damaging in the central and eastern United States since the 1886 Mw 6.8–7.0, Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake. Seismic data indicate that the earthquake rupture occurred on a southeast-dipping reverse fault and consisted of three subevents that progressed northeastward and updip. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity reports from across the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, rockfalls triggered at distances to 245 km, and regional groundwater-level changes are all consistent with efficient propagation of high-frequency seismic waves (∼1 Hz and higher) in eastern North America due to low attenuation.
\nReported damage included cracked or shifted foundations and broken walls or chimneys, notably in unreinforced masonry, and indicated intensities up to VIII in the epicentral area based on USGS \"Did You Feel It?\" reports. The earthquake triggered the first automatic shutdown of a U.S. nuclear power plant, located ∼23 km northeast of the main shock epicenter. Although shaking exceeded the plant's design basis earthquake, the actual damage to safety-related structures, systems, and components was superficial. Damage to relatively tall masonry structures 130 km to the northeast in Washington, D.C., was consistent with source directivity, soft-soil ground-motion amplification, and anisotropic wave propagation with lower attenuation parallel to the northeast-trending Appalachian tectonic fabric.
\nThe earthquake and aftershocks occurred in crystalline rocks within Paleozoic thrust sheets of the Chopawamsic terrane. The main shock and majority of aftershocks delineated the newly named Quail fault zone in the subsurface, and shallow aftershocks defined outlying faults. The earthquake induced minor liquefaction sand boils, but notably there was no evidence of a surface fault rupture. Recurrence intervals, and evidence for larger earthquakes in the Quaternary in this area, remain important unknowns. This event, along with similar events during historical time, is a reminder that earthquakes of similar or larger magnitude pose a real hazard in eastern North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(01)","usgsCitation":"Horton, J., Chapman, M.C., and Green, R.A., 2015, The 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake and its significance for seismic hazards in eastern North America: overview and synthesis: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 509, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(01).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053751","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -78.343505859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e7173ce4b02d776a66a01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Martin C.","contributorId":139348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Russell A.","contributorId":94708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145809,"text":"70145809 - 2015 - Survey of intersex largemouth bass from impoundments in Georgia USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T10:43:21","indexId":"70145809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of intersex largemouth bass from impoundments in Georgia USA","docAbstract":"Intersex fish are increasingly being reported worldwide, primarily in rivers that receive treated wastewater, but few studies have investigated intersex in waters that do not receive wastewater. In a recent reconnaissance survey of intersex fish in North America, a high rate of intersex was reported for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in some southeastern U.S. rivers; however, the occurrence of intersex in impoundments has not been well described, especially on a statewide scale. Therefore, our objective for this project was to survey the occurrence of intersex Largemouth Bass in a variety of impoundment habitats across Georgia. Largemouth Bass were collected from 11 impoundments without direct municipal or agricultural wastewater inputs. Gonads from all male Largemouth Bass were evaluated for the incidence and severity of the intersex condition based on presence and arrangement of testicular oocytes. Overall 48% of male Largemouth Bass collected from impoundments were intersex, which was found in 9 of the 11 impoundments. Among impoundments, incidence of intersex ranged from 0 to 82% of the males sampled and surface area of the impoundment was a significant predictor of intersex incidence. Intersex fish were smaller than normal males, but population-level effects of intersex and causative factors of endocrine disruption in the impoundments remain unknown. The high incidence of intersex males in small impoundments demonstrates that the condition is not confined to rivers and suggests that factors other than those previously associated with intersex (i.e., municipal wastewater) may be involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.824922","usgsCitation":"Kellock, K.A., Trushel, B.E., Ely, P.C., Jennings, C.A., and Bringolf, R.B., 2015, Survey of intersex largemouth bass from impoundments in Georgia USA: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 3, p. 565-572, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.824922.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"572","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042384","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","volume":"143","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2b9e4b026915857c85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellock, Kristen A.","contributorId":140155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellock","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trushel, Brittany E.","contributorId":140156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trushel","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Patrick C.","contributorId":42686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ely","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bringolf, Robert B.","contributorId":139241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringolf","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143090,"text":"70143090 - 2015 - The conservation of sea otters: a prelude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:56:18","indexId":"70143090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The conservation of sea otters: a prelude","docAbstract":"The story of sea otters over the past 275 years chronicles their decline to near extinction and the roads to recovery that cross various conflicts, and in the end provides lessons that will aid the conservation of other threatened species and compromised ecosystems. Sea otters inspire strong human emotions ranging from adoration to disdain. They are protected internationally, federally, and at state and local levels, yet still face a diversity of threats, representing the legacy of their decline as well as emerging consequences from the ever-deepening imprint of the human endeavor. Here we briefly introduce the species, chronicle its history of near-demise and subsequent recovery, and highlight several conservation successes and challenges. In this volume we bring together scientists with significant knowledge of and experience with the sea otter and its ecosystems to share lessons learned and consider how these might be used to aid in the enterprise of conservation more broadly.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Otter Conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Larson, S.E., 2015, The conservation of sea otters: a prelude, chap. of Sea Otter Conservation, p. 1-17.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060413","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298595,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://store.elsevier.com/Sea-Otter-Conservation/isbn-9780128016879/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb6e4b06217fc47922f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Shawn E.","contributorId":149287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125328,"text":"sir20145140 - 2015 - Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:42:52","indexId":"sir20145140","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5140","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12","docAbstract":"Wetlands at the Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site (SCD) in New Castle County, Delaware, are affected by contamination with chlorobenzenes and benzene from past waste storage and disposal, spills, leaks, and contaminated groundwater discharge. In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey began an investigation in June 2009 to characterize the hydrogeology and geochemistry in the wetlands and assess the feasibility of monitored natural attenuation and enhanced bioremediation as remedial strategies. Groundwater flow in the wetland study area is predominantly vertically upward in the wetland sediments and the underlying aquifer, and groundwater discharge accounts for a minimum of 47 percent of the total discharge for the subwatershed of tidal Red Lion Creek. Thus, groundwater transport of contaminants to surface water could be significant. The major contaminants detected in groundwater in the wetland study area included benzene, monochlorobenzene, and tri- and di-chlorobenzenes. Shallow wetland groundwater in the northwest part of the wetland study area was characterized by high concentrations of total chlorinated benzenes and benzene (maximum about 75,000 micrograms per liter [μg/L]), low pH, and high chloride. In the northeast part of the wetland study area, wetland groundwater had low to moderate concentrations of total chlorinated benzenes and benzene (generally not greater than 10,000 μg/L), moderate pH, and high sulfate concentrations. Concentrations in the groundwater in excess of 1 percent of the solubility of the individual chlorinated benzenes indicate that a contaminant source is present in the wetland sediments as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Consistently higher contaminant concentrations in the shallow wetland groundwater than deeper in the wetland sediments or the aquifer also indicate a continued source in the wetland sediments, which could include dissolution of DNAPLs and desorption from the sediments.
When highly reducing, methanogenic, or sulfate-reducing conditions existed in the wetland groundwater, molar composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed that chlorobenzene and benzene were predominant, indicating biodegradation of the chlorinated benzenes through reductive dechlorination pathways. Temporal changes in redox conditions between 2009 and 2011–12 have shifted the locations in the wetland study area where reductive dechlorination is evident. Microbial community analyses of sediment showed relatively high cell numbers and diversity of populations (Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium, and Geobacter) that are known to contain species capable of reductive dechlorination, confirming groundwater geochemistry evidence of the occurrence of reductive dechlorination. Natural attenuation was not sufficient, however, to reduce total VOC concentrations along upward groundwater flowpaths in the wetland sediments, most likely due to the additional source of contaminants in the upper sediments. In situ microcosms that were unamended except for the addition of 13C-labeled contaminants in some treatments, confirmed that the native microbial community was able to biodegrade the higher chlorinated benzenes through reductive dechlorination and that 1,2-dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and benzene could be degraded to carbon dioxide through oxidation pathways. Microcosms that were bioaugmented with the anaerobic dechlorinating consortium WBC-2 and deployed in the wetland sediments showed reductive dechlorination of tri-, di-, and monochlorobenzene, and 13C-chlorobenzene treatments showed complete degradation of chlorobenzene to carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions.
Experiments with a continuous flow, fixed-film bioreactor seeded with native microorganisms in groundwater from the wetland area showed both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of dichlorobenzenes, monochlorobenzene, and benzene, although monochlorobenzene and benzene degradation rates decreased under anaerobic conditions compared to aerobic conditions. In two bioreactors with established biofilms of WBC-2, percent removals of all chlorinated benzene compounds (medians of 86 to 94 percent) under anaerobic conditions were as high as those observed for the bioreactors seeded only with native microorganisms from the site groundwater, and benzene removal was greater in the WBC-2 bioaugmented bioreactors. The high percent removals in the WBC-2 bioreactors without the need for an acclimation period indicates that the same dechlorinators are involved in the chlorinated benzene degradation as those for the chlorinated ethanes and ethenes that the culture was developed to degrade. The ability of the WBC-2 culture to completely reduce the chlorinated benzenes and benzene, even in the presence of high sulfate and sulfide concentrations, is unique for known dechlorinating cultures. The availability of the established culture WBC-2, as well as the ability of the native wetland microbial community to degrade the site contaminants under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, provides flexibility in considering bioremediation options for the wetland areas at SCD.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145140","collaboration":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Walker, C.W., Baker, A.C., Teunis, J.A., Emily Majcher, Brayton, M.J., Raffensperger, J.P., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2015, Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5140, x, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145140.","productDescription":"x, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"106","ipdsId":"IP-057395","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5140/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","county":"New Castle County","otherGeospatial":"Standard Chlorine of Delaware, Inc. Superfund Site","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c8d9fe4b0ba8303f70391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Charles W. cwwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":138712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Charles","email":"cwwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Anna C. 0000-0001-8194-7535 abaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-7535","contributorId":4689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Anna","email":"abaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teunis, Jessica A. jateunis@usgs.gov","contributorId":5657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teunis","given":"Jessica","email":"jateunis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emily Majcher","contributorId":138713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emily Majcher","affiliations":[{"id":7050,"text":"Contractor, ETI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brayton, Michael J. mbrayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brayton","given":"Michael","email":"mbrayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70136228,"text":"70136228 - 2015 - Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-09T13:22:06","indexId":"70136228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties","docAbstract":"Forests comprise approximately 37% of the terrestrial land surface and influence global water cycling. However, very little attention has been directed towards understanding environmental impacts on stand water use (S) or in identifying rates of S from specific forested wetlands. Here, we use sapflow techniques to address two separate but linked objectives: (1) determine S in four, hydrologically distinctive South Carolina (USA) wetland forests from 2009–2010 and (2) describe potential error, uncertainty and stand-level variation associated with these assessments. Sapflow measurements were made from a number of tree species for approximately 2–8 months over 2 years to initiate the model, which was applied to canopy trees (DBH > 10–20 cm). We determined that S in three healthy forested wetlands varied from 1.97–3.97 mm day−1 or 355–687 mm year−1 when scaled. In contrast, saltwater intrusion impacted individual tree physiology and size class distributions on a fourth site, which decreased S to 0.61–1.13 mm day−1 or 110–196 mm year−1. The primary sources of error in estimations using sapflow probes would relate to calibration of probes and standardization relative to no flow periods and accounting for accurate sapflow attenuation with radial depth into the sapwood by species and site. Such inherent variation in water use among wetland forest stands makes small differences in S (<200 mm year−1) difficult to detect statistically through modelling, even though small differences may be important to local water cycling. These data also represent some of the first assessments of S from temperate, coastal forested wetlands along the Atlantic coast of the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10130","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Duberstein, J., and Conner, W.H., 2015, Assessing stand water use in four coastal wetland forests using sapflow techniques: annual estimates, errors and associated uncertainties: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 1, p. 112-127, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10130.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043270","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b3ce4b08de9379b32ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duberstein, Jamie A.","contributorId":91007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jamie A.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, William H.","contributorId":79376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137266,"text":"70137266 - 2015 - Making the transition to the third era of natural resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-07T11:00:16","indexId":"70137266","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Making the transition to the third era of natural resources management","docAbstract":"We are entering the third era of National Park Service (NPS) natural resources management— an era defined by rapid and unprecedented global changes. This third era promises to overturn not only some of our most fundamental assumptions about parks and protected areas, but also many of the ideals we currently hold dear. A common initial reaction to the diverse challenges of this transition is to feel overwhelmed and adrift; I have certainly had such feelings myself. But these feelings carry the risk of reducing our effectiveness as resource stewards right when we can least afford to be less effective: during a transition that is demanding us to be particularly clear-headed and far-seeing. Here I briefly examine some of the challenges of this new era, focusing on those that can most often elicit feelings of discouragement. When we examine the challenges individually, they begin to lose some of their ability to cast gloom—especially when we consider them in the light of lessons from an earlier fundamental transition in NPS natural resources management, beginning a half-century ago. My perspective is shaped by my 35 years as a place-based scientist stationed in a large national park (Sequoia and Kings Canyon), and by my passion for national parks in general. While the discussion that follows is most relevant to large national parks set aside primarily for their natural features, several of the ideas are also relevant to other park units.
","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N.L., 2015, Making the transition to the third era of natural resources management: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"227-235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061232","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297003,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/forumcurrent"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bece4b08de9379b3573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058767,"text":"70058767 - 2015 - Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T09:36:45","indexId":"70058767","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-16T08:36:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal","docAbstract":"Removal of two dams 32 m and 64 m high on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, provided the first opportunity to examine river response to a dam removal and controlled sediment influx on such a large scale. Although many recent river-restoration efforts have included dam removal, large dam removals have been rare enough that their physical and ecological effects remain poorly understood. New sedimentary deposits that formed during this multi-stage dam removal result from a unique, artificially created imbalance between fluvial sediment supply and transport capacity. River flows during dam removal were essentially natural and included no large floods in the first two years, while draining of the two reservoirs greatly increased the sediment supply available for fluvial transport. The resulting sedimentary deposits exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity in thickness, stratal-formation patterns, grain size and organic content. Initial mud deposition in the first year of dam removal filled pore spaces in the pre-dam-removal cobble bed, potentially causing ecological disturbance but not aggrading the bed substantially at first. During the second winter of dam removal, thicker and in some cases coarser deposits replaced the early mud deposits. By 18 months into dam removal, channel-margin and floodplain deposits were commonly >0.5 m thick and, contrary to pre-dam-removal predictions that silt and clay would bypass the river system, included average mud content around 20%. Large wood and lenses of smaller organic particles were common in the new deposits, presumably contributing additional carbon and nutrients to the ecosystem downstream of the dam sites. Understanding initial sedimentary response to the Elwha River dam removals will inform subsequent analyses of longer-term sedimentary, geomorphic and ecosystem changes in this fluvial and coastal system, and will provide important lessons for other river-restoration efforts where large dam removal is planned or proposed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.2724","usgsCitation":"Draut, A., and Ritchie, A.C., 2015, Sedimentology of new fluvial deposits on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, formed during large-scale dam removal: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 1, p. 42-61, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049309","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280313,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.609952,48.004313 ], [ -123.609952,48.150910 ], [ -123.539141,48.150910 ], [ -123.539141,48.004313 ], [ -123.609952,48.004313 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52b02120e4b0242fceec8592","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2724","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2724","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Draut A. E., Ritchie A. C.","journalName":"River Research and Applications","publicationDate":"12/12/2013","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy","contributorId":18792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058589,"text":"70058589 - 2015 - Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor®-medicated feed therapy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T22:07:49.564296","indexId":"70058589","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-10T12:37:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":857,"text":"Aquaculture Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor®-medicated feed therapy","title":"Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor®-medicated feed therapy","docAbstract":"Aquaflor® [50% w w−1 florfenicol (FFC)], is approved for use in freshwater‐reared warmwater finfish which include tilapia Oreochromis spp. in the United States to control mortality from Streptococcus iniae. The depletion of florfenicol amine (FFA), the marker residue of FFC, was evaluated after feeding FFC‐medicated feed to deliver a nominal 20 mg FFC kg−1 BW d−1 dose (1.33× the label use of 15 mg FFC kg−1 BW d−1) to Nile tilapia O. niloticus and hybrid tilapia O. niloticus × O. aureus held in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at production‐scale holding densities. Florfenicol amine concentrations were determined in fillets taken from 10 fish before dosing and from 20 fish at nine time points after dosing (from 1 to 240 h post‐dosing). Water samples were assayed for FFC before, during and after the dosing period. Parameters monitored included daily feed consumption and biofilter function (levels of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate). Mean fillet FFA concentration decreased from 13.77 μg g−1 at 1‐h post dosing to 0.39 μg g−1 at 240‐h post dosing. Water FFC concentration decreased from a maximum of 1400 ng mL−1 at 1 day post‐dosing to 847 ng mL−1 at 240 h post‐dosing. There were no adverse effects noted on fish, feed consumption or biofilter function associated with FFC‐medicated feed administration to tilapia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/are.12340","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M.P., Whitsel, M.K., Charles, S., Schleis, S., Crouch, L.S., and Endris, R.G., 2015, Depletion of florfenicol amine in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) maintained in a recirculating aquaculture system following Aquaflor®-medicated feed therapy: Aquaculture Research, v. 46, no. 8, p. 1842-1857, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12340.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1842","endPage":"1857","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049032","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a837e1e4b027f847da5850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitsel, Melissa K.","contributorId":23054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitsel","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charles, Shawn","contributorId":47679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schleis, Susan M.","contributorId":97778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleis","given":"Susan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crouch, Louis S.","contributorId":10708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouch","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Endris, Richard G.","contributorId":44784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70159966,"text":"70159966 - 2015 - USGS46 Greenland ice core water – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T13:34:45","indexId":"70159966","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS46 Greenland ice core water – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water","docAbstract":"Ice core from Greenland was melted, filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and calibrated by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference material (RM), USGS46, is intended as one of two secondary isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen (δ2H) and stable oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. The measured δ2H and δ18O values of this reference water were −235.8 ± 0.7‰ and −29.80 ± 0.03‰, respectively, relative to VSMOW on scales normalised such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, −428 and −55.5‰. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95-percent probability of encompassing the true value. This reference water is available in cases containing 144 glass ampoules that are filled with either 4 ml or 5 ml of water per ampoule.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association scientifique pour la géologie et ses applications with the assistance of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique","publisherLocation":"Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2013.00267.x","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., Qi, H., Tarbox, L.V., Lorenz, J.M., and Buck, B., 2015, USGS46 Greenland ice core water – A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 38, no. 2, p. 153-157, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2013.00267.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050146","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbf9e4b06a3ea36c8b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarbox, Lauren V. 0000-0002-4126-1851 ltarbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-1851","contributorId":5319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarbox","given":"Lauren","email":"ltarbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buck, Bryan bbuck@usgs.gov","contributorId":2326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Bryan","email":"bbuck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70073515,"text":"70073515 - 2015 - Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T09:19:53","indexId":"70073515","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-12T15:03:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam removal","docAbstract":"The downstream transport of sediments and organics and upstream migration of anadromous fishes are key ecological processes in unregulated riverine ecosystems of the North Pacific coast, but their influence on wildlife habitats and populations is poorly documented. Removal of two large hydroelectric dams in Washington’s Elwha Valley provides an unprecedented opportunity to study long-term responses of wildlife populations to dam removal and restoration of these key ecological processes. We compared pre-dam removal patterns in the relative abundance and occupancy of mesocarnivores, small mammals and lentic amphibians of the Elwha River riparian zone above, between and below the dams. Occupancy of riparian habitats by three mesocarnivore species diminished upriver but did not appear to be closely linked with the absence of salmon in the upper river. Although the importance of salmon in the lower river cannot be discounted, other gradients in food resources also likely contributed to observed distribution patterns of mesocarnivores. Abundance and occupancy patterns within congeneric pairs of new world mice (Peromyscus spp.) and shrews (Sorex spp.) indicated that closely related species were negatively associated with each other and responded to habitat gradients in the riparian zone. The availability of lentic habitats of amphibians was highly variable, and occupancy was low as a result of rapidly changing flows during the larval development period. We speculate that long-term changes in habitat conditions and salmon availability following dam removal will elicit long-term changes in distribution of mesocarnivores, small mammals and amphibians. Long-term monitoring will enhance understanding of the role of fish and restored ecosystem processes on wildlife communities along salmon-bearing rivers in the region.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1002/rra.2723","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., Chelgren, N., Sager-Fradkin, K., Happe, P., and Adams, M.J., 2015, Occupancy patterns of mammals and lentic amphibians in the Elwha River riparian zone before dam removal: River Research and Applications, v. 31, no. 2, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2723.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046132","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281245,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2723"},{"id":281346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.613435,47.722362 ], [ -123.613435,48.149226 ], [ -123.440673,48.149226 ], [ -123.440673,47.722362 ], [ -123.613435,47.722362 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd699be4b0b29085102c19","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/rra.2723","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2723","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Jenkins K. 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J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048679,"text":"70048679 - 2015 - Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:44:14","indexId":"70048679","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-29T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios","docAbstract":"We examined opportunities for avoided loss of wetland carbon stocks in the Great Plains of the United States in the context of future agricultural expansion through analysis of land-use land-cover (LULC) change scenarios, baseline carbon datasets and biogeochemical model outputs. A wetland map that classifies wetlands according to carbon pools was created to describe future patterns of carbon loss and potential carbon savings. Wetland avoided loss scenarios, superimposed upon LULC change scenarios, quantified carbon stocks preserved under criteria of carbon densities or land value plus cropland suitability. Up to 3420 km2 of wetlands may be lost in the region by 2050, mainly due to conversion of herbaceous wetlands in the Temperate Prairies where soil organic carbon (SOC) is highest. SOC loss would be approximately 0.20 ± 0.15 megagrams of carbon per hectare per year (MgC ha−1 yr−1), depending upon tillage practices on converted wetlands, and total ecosystem carbon loss in woody wetlands would be approximately 0.81 ± 0.41 MgC ha−1 yr−1, based on biogeochemical model results. Among wetlands vulnerable to conversion, wetlands in the Northern Glaciated Plains and Lake Agassiz Plains ecoregions exhibit very high mean SOC and on average, relatively low land values, potentially creating economically competitive opportunities for avoided carbon loss. This mitigation scenarios approach may be adapted by managers using their own preferred criteria to select sites that best meet their objectives. Results can help prioritize field-based assessments, where site-level investigations of carbon stocks, land value, and consideration of local priorities for climate change mitigation programs are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Ratliff, J.L., Wein, A., Bliss, N.B., Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., and Li, Z., 2015, Quantifying climate change mitigation potential in Great Plains wetlands for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 20, no. 3, p. 439-465, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"465","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044709","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278531,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9500-0"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.2,28.2 ], [ -114.2,49.2 ], [ -95.6,49.2 ], [ -95.6,28.2 ], [ -114.2,28.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5270cafee4b0f7a10664c7a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratliff, Jamie L. 0000-0002-9967-3314 jratliff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-3314","contributorId":665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"Jamie","email":"jratliff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Zhengpeng","contributorId":80812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhengpeng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70047622,"text":"70047622 - 2015 - Blood from a turnip: tissue origin of low-coverage shotgun sequencing libraries affects recovery of mitogenome sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T09:54:20","indexId":"70047622","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2765,"text":"Mitochondrial DNA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood from a turnip: tissue origin of low-coverage shotgun sequencing libraries affects recovery of mitogenome sequences","docAbstract":"Next generation sequencing methods allow rapid, economical accumulation of data that have many applications, even at relatively low levels of genome coverage. However, the utility of shotgun sequencing data sets for specific goals may vary depending on the biological nature of the samples sequenced. We show that the ability to assemble mitogenomes from three avian samples of two different tissue types varies widely. In particular, data with coverage typical of microsatellite development efforts (∼1×) from DNA extracted from avian blood failed to cover even 50% of the mitogenome, relative to at least 500-fold coverage from muscle-derived data. Researchers should consider possible applications of their data and select the tissue source for their work accordingly. Practitioners analyzing low-coverage shotgun sequencing data (including for microsatellite locus development) should consider the potential benefits of mitogenome assembly, including internal barcode verification of species identity, mitochondrial primer development, and phylogenetics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Informa Healthcare","doi":"10.3109/19401736.2013.840588","usgsCitation":"Barker, F.K., Oyler-McCance, S., and Tomback, D.F., 2015, Blood from a turnip: tissue origin of low-coverage shotgun sequencing libraries affects recovery of mitogenome sequences: Mitochondrial DNA, v. 26, no. 3, p. 384-388, https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.840588.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"384","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050793","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280988,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.840588"},{"id":280989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4fa2e4b0b290850f2d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F. Keith","contributorId":63309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara","contributorId":96820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomback, Diana F.","contributorId":69427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074575,"text":"70074575 - 2015 - Land use and management change under climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies: a U.S. case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-17T13:20:17","indexId":"70074575","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:53:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and management change under climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies: a U.S. case study","docAbstract":"We examine the effects of crop management adaptation and climate mitigation strategies on land use and land management, plus on related environmental and economic outcomes. We find that crop management adaptation (e.g. crop mix, new species) increases Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 1.7 % under a more severe climate projection while a carbon price reduces total forest and agriculture GHG annual flux by 15 % and 9 %, respectively. This shows that trade-offs are likely between mitigation and adaptation. Climate change coupled with crop management adaptation has small and mostly negative effects on welfare; mitigation, which is implemented as a carbon price starting at $15 per metric ton carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent with a 5 % annual increase rate, bolsters welfare carbon payments. When both crop management adaptation and carbon price are implemented the effects of the latter dominates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11027-013-9514-7","usgsCitation":"Mu, J.E., Wein, A., and McCarl, B., 2015, Land use and management change under climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies: a U.S. case study: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1041-1054, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9514-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1041","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037344","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281798,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9514-7"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd63ece4b0b290850ff1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mu, Jianhong E.","contributorId":75840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mu","given":"Jianhong","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarl, Bruce","contributorId":51645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarl","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125354,"text":"70125354 - 2015 - The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:28:23","indexId":"70125354","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-17T11:02:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA","docAbstract":"We conducted surveys for the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa throughout southern California to evaluate the current distribution and status of the species. Surveys were conducted during 2000–2009 at 150 unique streams and lakes within the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Palomar mountains of southern California. Only nine small, geographically isolated populations were detected across the four mountain ranges, and all tested positive for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Our data show that when R. muscosa is known to be present it is easily detectable (89%) in a single visit during the frog's active season. We estimate that only 166 adult frogs remained in the wild in 2009. Our research indicates that R. muscosa populations in southern California are threatened by natural and stochastic events and may become extirpated in the near future unless there is some intervention to save them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oryx","doi":"10.1017/S003060531300029X","usgsCitation":"Backlin, A.R., Hitchcock, C., Gallegos, E., Yee, J.L., and Fisher, R.N., 2015, The precarious persistence of the endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA: Oryx, v. 49, no. 1, p. 157-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060531300029X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042523","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531300029x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293950,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003060531300029X"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palomar, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, San Jacinto Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.45,38.8 ], [ -123.45,32.56 ], [ -114.17,32.56 ], [ -114.17,38.8 ], [ -123.45,38.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541aa2a9e4b01571b3d51d31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitchcock, Cynthia J. 0000-0001-9293-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-043X","contributorId":57389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitchcock","given":"Cynthia J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":42536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047074,"text":"70047074 - 2015 - Survival and behavioral effects of exposure to a hydrokinetic turbine on juvenile Atlantic salmon and adult American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T09:31:49","indexId":"70047074","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and behavioral effects of exposure to a hydrokinetic turbine on juvenile Atlantic salmon and adult American shad","docAbstract":"This paper describes a series of experiments designed to measure the effect of exposure to a full-scale, vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine on downstream migrating juvenile Atlantic salmon (N=75) and upstream migrating adult American shad (N=208). Controlled studies were performed in a large-scale, open-channel flume, and all individuals approached the turbine under volitional control. No injuries were observed, and there was no measurable increase in mortality associated with turbine passage. Exposure to the turbine elicited behavioral responses from both species, however, with salmon passing primarily over the downrunning blades. Shad movement was impeded by the device, as indicated by fewer attempts of shorter duration and reduced distance of ascent up the flume. More work should be performed in both laboratory and field conditions to determine to what extent these effects are likely to influence free-swimming fish.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","publisherLocation":"Port Republic, MD","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9680-6","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., and Haro, A., 2015, Survival and behavioral effects of exposure to a hydrokinetic turbine on juvenile Atlantic salmon and adult American shad: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 1, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9680-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049248","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9680-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Turner Falls","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River;S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.611258,42.560884 ], [ -72.611258,42.618039 ], [ -72.486206,42.618039 ], [ -72.486206,42.560884 ], [ -72.611258,42.560884 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5287509ce4b03b89f6f155d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146875,"text":"70146875 - 2015 - A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T11:30:30","indexId":"70146875","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":814,"text":"Antarctic Science","onlineIssn":"1365-2079","printIssn":"0954-1020","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10","docAbstract":"Of the more than twenty historically active volcanoes in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region only two, to our knowledge, host any ground-based monitoring instruments. Moreover, because of their remoteness, most of the volcanoes are seldom visited, thus relegating the monitoring of volcanism in this region almost entirely to satellites. In this study, high temporal resolution satellite data from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology's MODVOLC system using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) are complemented with high spatial resolution data (ASTER, or Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and similar sensors) to document volcanic activity throughout the region during the period 2000–10. Five volcanoes were observed in eruption (Mount Erebus, Mount Belinda, Mount Michael, Heard Island and McDonald Island), which were predominantly low-level and effusive in nature. Mount Belinda produced tephra, building a cinder cone in addition to an extensive lava field. Five volcanoes exhibited detectable thermal, and presumed fumarolic, activity (Deception, Zavodovski, Candlemas, Bristol, and Bellingshausen islands). A minor eruption reported at Marion Island was not detected in our survey due to its small size. This study also discovered a new active vent on Mount Michael, tracked dramatic vent enlargement on Heard Island, and provides an improved picture of the morphology of some of the volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0954102013000436","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., and Smellie, J.L., 2015, A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000-10: Antarctic Science, v. 25, no. 4, p. 475-500, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102013000436.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"500","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045805","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a17a9e4b0a658d792c870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smellie, John L.","contributorId":140375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70142636,"text":"70142636 - 2015 - The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-12T16:24:59","indexId":"70142636","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays","docAbstract":"The SPAC method of processing microtremor noise observations for estimation of Vs profiles has a limitation that the array has circular or triangular symmetry in order to allow spatial (azimuthal) averaging of inter-station coherencies over a constant station separation. Common processing methods allow for station separations to vary by typically ±10% in the azimuthal averaging before degradation of the SPAC spectrum is excessive. A limitation on use of high-wavenumbers in inversions of SPAC spectra to Vs profiles has been the requirement for exact array symmetry to avoid loss of information in the azimuthal averaging step. In this paper we develop a new wavenumber-normalised SPAC method (KRSPAC) where instead of performing averaging of sets of coherency versus frequency spectra and then fitting to a model SPAC spectrum, we interpolate each spectrum to coherency versus k.r, where k and r are wavenumber and station separation respectively, and r may be different for each pair of stations. For fundamental mode Rayleigh-wave energy the model SPAC spectrum to be fitted reduces to Jo(kr). The normalization process changes with each iteration since k is a function of frequency and phase velocity and hence is updated each iteration. The method proves robust and is demonstrated on data acquired in the Santa Clara Valley, CA, (Site STGA) where an asymmetric array having station separations varying by a factor of 2 is compared with a conventional triangular array; a 300-mdeep borehole with a downhole Vs log provides nearby ground truth. The method is also demonstrated on data from the Pleasanton array, CA, where station spacings are irregular and vary from 400 to 1200 m. The KRSPAC method allows inversion of data using kr (unitless) values routinely up to 30, and occasionally up to 60. Thus despite the large and irregular station spacings, this array permits resolution of Vs as fine as 15 m for the near-surface sediments, and down to a maximum depth of 2.5 km.
","conferenceTitle":"SSA 2013","conferenceDate":"17-19 April 2013","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Asten, M., Stephenson, W.J., and Hartzell, S.H., 2015, The use of wavenumber normalization in computing spatially averaged coherencies (KRSPAC) of microtremor data from asymmetric arrays, SSA 2013, Salt Lake City, Utah, 17-19 April 2013, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064051","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c65fe4b0e2669b30f229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asten, M.W.","contributorId":101952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asten","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160574,"text":"70160574 - 2015 - Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-23T10:43:19","indexId":"70160574","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-07T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario","docAbstract":"The use of diurnal water-table fluctuation methods to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) and groundwater flow is of increasing interest in ecohydrological studies. Most studies of this type, however, have been located in riparian wetlands of semi-arid regions where groundwater levels are consistently below topographic surface elevations and precipitation events are infrequent. Current methodologies preclude application to a wider variety of wetland systems. In this study, we extended a method for estimating sub-daily ET and groundwater flow rates from water-level fluctuations to fit highly dynamic, non-riparian wetland scenarios. Modifications included (1) varying the specific yield to account for periodic flooded conditions and (2) relating empirically derived ET to estimated potential ET for days when precipitation events masked the diurnal signal. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we estimated ET and groundwater fluxes over two growing seasons (2006–2007) in 15 wetlands within a ridge-and-swale wetland complex of the Laurentian Great Lakes under flooded and non-flooded conditions. Mean daily ET rates for the sites ranged from 4.0 mm d−1 to 6.6 mm d−1. Shallow groundwater discharge rates resulting from evaporative demand ranged from 2.5 mm d−1 to 4.3 mm d−1. This study helps to expand our understanding of the evapotranspirative demand of plants under various hydrologic and climate conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publisherLocation":"Chilchester, UK","doi":"10.1002/eco.1356","usgsCitation":"Carlson Mazur, M.L., Michael J. Wiley, and Douglas A. Wilcox, 2015, Estimating evapotranspiration and groundwater flow from water-table fluctuations for a general wetland scenario: Ecohydrology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 378-390, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1356.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039002","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/106891","text":"External Repository"},{"id":312789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.34537506103516,\n 44.84613295361055\n ],\n [\n -83.34537506103516,\n 44.862926272208234\n ],\n [\n -83.31516265869139,\n 44.862926272208234\n ],\n [\n -83.31516265869139,\n 44.84613295361055\n ],\n [\n -83.34537506103516,\n 44.84613295361055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3bbe4b0a04ef491a1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson Mazur, Martha L.","contributorId":95377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson Mazur","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael J. Wiley","contributorId":150828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael J. Wiley","affiliations":[{"id":18114,"text":"Dept. of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Douglas A. Wilcox","contributorId":150827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas A. Wilcox","affiliations":[{"id":18113,"text":"Dept. of Environmental Science & Bio, SUNY-College, Brockport","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70162626,"text":"70162626 - 2015 - Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-29T10:05:36","indexId":"70162626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15-24.0","title":"Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"An integrated analysis of core, geophysical logs, gas isotopes, and specific-depth water-quality samples from the Cherry Flats test hole was used to characterize the stratigraphy, water-bearing zones, and groundwater quality at a site in southern Tioga County, Pennsylvania. The study was completed as a cooperative effort between the Pennsylvania Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (BTGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The multi-disciplinary characterization of the test hole provided information to aid the bedrock mapping of the Cherry Flats 7.5-minute quadrangle by BTGS, and to help quantify the depth and character of fresh and saline groundwater in an area of shale-gas exploration.\n The Cherry Flats test hole was cored to a depth of 1,513 feet (ft) below land surface (bls) and cased to 189 ft through the collapsed mine workings of the former Arnot No. 2 underground coal mine. The test hole penetrated\n128.0 ft of Allegheny Formation and 154.1 ft of Pottsville Formation of Pennsylvanian age, 564.8 ft of Huntley Mountain Formation of Mississippian and Devonian age, and 666.3 ft of Catskill Formation of Devonian age. Core recovery was nearly 100 percent, except where\ncomplete core loss occurred from a depth of 1,231.1 to 1,240.8 ft. Several coal beds and mined-out coal horizons were penetrated in the Allegheny and Pottsville Formations. The test hole penetrated the entire thickness of the\nHuntley Mountain Formation and was completed in the middle part of the Catskill Formation.\n Bedding features penetrated by the test hole were estimated to have a strike of 021 degrees and dip about 1.7 degrees to the southeast, consistent\nwith the test-hole location on the north limb of the Blossburg syncline. Most fractures penetrated by the test hole were parallel to bedding, with steeply dipping fractures present but much less common. Fracture density, determined from optical televiewer, acoustic televiewer, and video logs, generally increased with depth from the base of casing to about 400 ft bls, then decreased with depth to the bottom of the hole except for an increase from 506 to 568 ft bls. Very few fractures were penetrated from 600 to 850 ft.\n The depths of fresh and saline water-bearing zones were identified in the test hole by geophysical-log analysis and, for inflow zones, verified by specific-depth groundwater sampling by the use of a wire-line point sampler.\nUnder ambient conditions and during pumping of the test hole, fresh water entered the hole from fractures at 567 and 580.5 ft bls, within grayish-red siltstone and greenish-gray sandstone, respectively, and flowed upward and\nexited at fractures from 303 to 319.5 ft; a very minor amount exited into fractures within coal beds at 240.4 and 252 ft bls. Transmissivity, estimated from analysis of the specific-capacity data and flowmeter logs, was about 18 ft2/d for the fracture zones from 567 to 580.5 ft and 6.7 ft2/d for fracture zones from 240.4 to 252 ft bls. The analysis estimated the hydraulic head of\nthe lower zone and that of the upper flow zone was 8 ft higher and 37 ft lower than the composite water level in the test hole, respectively. Water samples of the freshwater inflow from zones at 567 to 580.5 ft bls had a total dissolved solids concentration of 577 mg/L indicating that these zone are in the lower part of the active groundwater flow system. \n Below the freshwater-bearing zone at 580.5 ft, the flowmeter did not detect any vertical flow in the test hole, and the gradient of the temperature\nlog approached the geothermal gradient, indicating little ambient fluid flow and minimal fracture transmissivity below this depth. However, small seeps of saline water having total dissolved solids concentrations of greater\nthan about 6,200 mg/L at 945 and 946 ft bls, from dark-greenish-gray to greenish-gray silty beds, were delineated by a time series of specific conductancelogs and observed on the video log. A wat","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Risser, D.W., and Clifford H. Dodge, 2015, Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus shale gas development, Tioga County, Pennsylvania: Open-File Report 15-24.0, Report: 44 p.; Appendices 4; Supplemental Information.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; Appendices 4; Supplemental Information","ipdsId":"IP-057238","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366027,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":" https://www.docs.dcnr.pa.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20031484.zip"},{"id":314929,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/publications/pgspub/openfile/Geology-OFMI13-01.1/index.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania ","county":"Tioga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.9651,42.0023],[-76.9291,42.0024],[-76.9238,41.9711],[-76.9209,41.9507],[-76.9162,41.918],[-76.9051,41.8466],[-76.9022,41.8257],[-76.9022,41.8248],[-76.8993,41.808],[-76.8987,41.8007],[-76.8976,41.783],[-76.8936,41.7503],[-76.8907,41.7267],[-76.8873,41.6999],[-76.885,41.6781],[-76.8838,41.6717],[-76.8833,41.6681],[-76.8805,41.6363],[-76.8747,41.599],[-76.8747,41.5968],[-76.8772,41.5941],[-76.8932,41.586],[-76.9,41.5842],[-76.9073,41.5824],[-76.9129,41.5815],[-76.9135,41.5815],[-76.9147,41.582],[-76.9159,41.5825],[-76.9172,41.5825],[-76.9202,41.5811],[-76.9233,41.577],[-76.9258,41.5721],[-76.9308,41.5698],[-76.9375,41.5685],[-76.9455,41.5667],[-76.9517,41.5644],[-76.9572,41.5608],[-76.961,41.5559],[-76.9634,41.5522],[-76.999,41.551],[-77.0009,41.5506],[-77.0751,41.5481],[-77.1279,41.5469],[-77.1979,41.5457],[-77.25,41.5449],[-77.2807,41.5445],[-77.2954,41.5441],[-77.315,41.5442],[-77.3335,41.5442],[-77.3512,41.5442],[-77.3905,41.5438],[-77.4034,41.5438],[-77.4801,41.5434],[-77.4813,41.5434],[-77.4868,41.5434],[-77.4997,41.5434],[-77.5193,41.5434],[-77.5978,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.4394,42.001],[-77.1767,42.0002],[-77.1133,42.001],[-76.9651,42.0023]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tioga\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28bade4b0571647d0f932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifford H. Dodge","contributorId":152617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford H. Dodge","affiliations":[{"id":18945,"text":"PaDCNR, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145811,"text":"70145811 - 2015 - Evaluation of four suture materials for surgical incision closure in Siberian sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T09:52:58","indexId":"70145811","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of four suture materials for surgical incision closure in Siberian sturgeon","docAbstract":"The visual and microscopic tissue reactions to the absorbable monofilament Monocryl, absorbable monofilament triclosan-coated Monocryl-Plus, absorbable multifilament Vicryl, and nonabsorbable monofilament Prolene were evaluated for their use of surgical closure in Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1, 2, 8, 12, and 26 and 55 weeks to visually evaluate the surgical incision for suture retention, incision healing, erythema, and swelling. Incisions were also assessed microscopically at 1, 2, and 8 weeks for necrosis, inflammation, hemorrhage, and fibroplasia. The results indicated that incisions closed with either Vicryl or Prolene suture materials were more likely to exhibit more erythema or incomplete healing compared with those closed with Monocryl or Monocryl-Plus. The surgical implantation of a transmitter in the coelomic cavity did not significantly affect the response variables among the four suture materials. Monocryl or Monocryl-Plus were equally effective and superior to other suture materials used for closing surgical incisions in Siberian Sturgeon or closely related species of sturgeon. Furthermore, Monocryl or Monocryl-Plus may decrease the risk of transmitter expulsion through the incision, as surgical wounds appear to heal faster and exhibit less erythema compared with those closed with Vicryl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.763857","collaboration":"Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; USGS","usgsCitation":"Boone, S.S., Hernandez, S.M., Camus, A., Peterson, D.C., Jennings, C.A., Shelton, J.L., and Divers, S.J., 2015, Evaluation of four suture materials for surgical incision closure in Siberian sturgeon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 3, p. 649-659, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.763857.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"659","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040512","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2aee4b026915857c84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, S. Shaun","contributorId":140153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shaun","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernandez, Sonia M.","contributorId":104367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camus, Alvin C.","contributorId":52908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camus","given":"Alvin C.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas C.","contributorId":140154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shelton, James L.","contributorId":85319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Divers, Stephen J.","contributorId":112971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70145810,"text":"70145810 - 2015 - Pathologic and physiologic effects associated with long-term intracoelomic transmitters in captive Siberian sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:03:43","indexId":"70145810","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathologic and physiologic effects associated with long-term intracoelomic transmitters in captive Siberian sturgeon","docAbstract":"Intracoelomic transmitters are commonly used to evaluate migratory patterns, distribution, and habitat use of many species of fish. Currently, transmitter implantation relies mostly on the assumption that transmitters do not cause any adverse physiological or pathological effects on the animal. To investigate these effects, we surgically implanted 60 Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baeri with transmitters that weighed less than 2% of their body weight. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1, 2, 8, 12, 26, and 55 weeks to evaluate surgical healing and transmitter retention. Blood samples were collected before and after the 55-week study for serum cortisol analysis. Overall transmitter loss was 32%. Minor to moderate adhesions were noted at necropsy but did not appear to affect organ function. One fish was noted to have an intraintestinal transmitter at necropsy, but the fish was in overall good health. Long-term transmitter presence does not appear to increase serum cortisol levels or affect overall growth more than nontransmitter fish. Although long-term telemetry studies can be undertaken with minimal concern for negative physiological or pathological effects from transmitters, researchers should be aware that transmitter loss rates may be higher than previously thought. Mechanisms for transmitter loss may include expulsion through the surgical incision, expulsion through the mucocutaneous junction between the large intestine and the vent, or intraintestinal capture and expulsion through the vent. Received February 10, 2013; accepted June 10, 2013
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.815668","usgsCitation":"Boone, S.S., Divers, S.J., Camus, A., Peterson, D.C., Jennings, C.A., Shelton, J.L., and Hernandez, S.M., 2015, Pathologic and physiologic effects associated with long-term intracoelomic transmitters in captive Siberian sturgeon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 5, p. 869-877, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.815668.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"877","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037650","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2b3e4b026915857c854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, S. Shaun","contributorId":140153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shaun","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Divers, Stephen J.","contributorId":112971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camus, Alvin C.","contributorId":52908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camus","given":"Alvin C.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Douglas C.","contributorId":140154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shelton, James L.","contributorId":85319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shelton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hernandez, Sonia M.","contributorId":104367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157255,"text":"70157255 - 2015 - Deep-Water Acoustic Anomalies from Methane Hydrate in the Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:39:13","indexId":"70157255","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Deep-Water Acoustic Anomalies from Methane Hydrate in the Bering Sea","docAbstract":"A recent expedition to the central Bering Sea, one of the most remote locations in the world, has yielded observations confirming gas and gas hydrates in this deep ocean basin. Significant sound speed anomalies found using inversion of pre-stack seismic data are observed in association with variable seismic amplitude anomalies in the thick sediment column. The anomalously low sound speeds below the inferred base of methane hydrate stability indicate the presence of potentially large quantities of gas-phase methane associated with each velocity-amplitude anomaly (VAMP). The data acquired are of such high quality that quantitative estimates of the concentrations of gas hydrates in the upper few hundred meters of sediment are also possible, and analyses are under way to make these estimates. Several VAMPs were specifically targeted in this survey; others were crossed incidentally. Indications of many dozens or hundreds of these features exist throughout the portion of the Bering Sea relevant to the U.S. extended continental shelf (ECS) consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Background: Surface waters are the lowest points in the landscape, and therefore serve as excellent integrators and indicators of changes taking place in the surrounding terrestrial and atmospheric environment.
Aims: Here we synthesise the findings of limnological studies conducted during the past 15 years in streams and lakes in the Green Lakes Valley, which is part of the Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) Site.
Methods: The importance of these studies is discussed in the context of aquatic ecosystems as indicators, integrators, and regulators of environmental change. Specifically, investigations into climatic, hydrologic, and nutrient controls on present-day phytoplankton, and historical diatom, community composition in the alpine lake, Green Lake 4, are reviewed. In addition, studies of spatial and temporal patterns in dissolved organic matter (DOM) biogeochemistry and reactive transport modelling that have taken place in the Green Lakes Valley are highlighted.
Results and conclusions: The findings of these studies identify specific shifts in algal community composition and DOM biogeochemistry that are indicative of changing environmental conditions and provide a framework for detecting future environmental change in the Green Lakes Valley and in other alpine watersheds. Moreover, the studies summarised here demonstrate the importance of long-term monitoring programmes such as the LTER programme.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/17550874.2012.738255","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., and McKnight, D.M., 2015, Limnology of the Green Lakes Valley: Phytoplankton ecology and dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry at a long-term ecological research site: Plant Ecology and Diversity, v. 8, no. 5-6, p. 689-702, https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2012.738255.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"702","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031288","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Green Lakes Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.301758,39.964069 ], [ -105.301758,40.094551 ], [ -105.178197,40.094551 ], [ -105.178197,39.964069 ], [ -105.301758,39.964069 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c4618fe4b0e44331d07170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148157,"text":"70148157 - 2015 - East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T11:19:05","indexId":"70148157","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"East versus West: organic contaminant differences in brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) eggs from South Carolina, USA and the Gulf of California, Mexico","docAbstract":"Brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were listed as endangered in the United States in 1970, largely due to reproductive failure and mortality caused by organochlorine contaminants, such as DDT. The southeast population, P.o. carolinensis, was delisted in 1985, while the west coast population, P.o. californicus, was not delisted until 2009. As fish-eating coastal seabirds, brown pelicans may serve as a biomonitors. Organic contaminants were examined in brown pelican eggs collected from the Gulf of California in 2004 and South Carolina in 2005 using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Contaminants were compared using all individual data as well as statistically pooled samples to provide similar sample sizes with little difference in results. Principal components analysis separated the Gulf of California brown pelican eggs from the South Carolina eggs based on contaminant patterns. The South Carolina population had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, dieldrin and mirex, while the Gulf of California eggs had higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). With the exception of dieldrin and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 47, this pattern was observed for mussel and oyster tissues from these regions, indicating the need for further study into the differences between east and west coast brown pelican populations and ecosystem contamination patterns.
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