No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97292","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Arctic quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-292, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97292.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0292/ofr97292.pdf","size":"140 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 97-292"},{"id":1365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0292/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37197.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688ee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22918,"text":"ofr97295 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Coleen quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T15:31:05.564003","indexId":"ofr97295","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-295","title":"Alaska resource data file: Coleen quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97295","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Coleen quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-295, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97295.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1373,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0295/ofr97295.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0295/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Coleen quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23720,"text":"ofr97690 - 1997 - Revised long-term creep rates on the Hayward Fault, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-26T01:01:37","indexId":"ofr97690","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-690","title":"Revised long-term creep rates on the Hayward Fault, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California","docAbstract":"Although the Hayward fault is a source of major earthquakes, it also creeps or slips aseismically, and has done so steadily for several decades (certainly since 1921 and probably since 1869). Most of the fault creeps between 3 and 6 mm/yr, except for a 4- to 6-km-long segment near its south end that creeps at about 9 mm/yr. We present results of our recent surveys to recover angles and deflection lines established across the fault in the 1960s and 1970s, but unmonitored since. We have added data from more offset cultural features to the long-term creep rate data set and made substantial improvements to the analytical method used to compute offsets. The revised creep rate values improve our knowledge of spatial and temporal variation along the fault. The more accurate revised data has reduced the estimate of the average creep rate along most of the fault from 5.1 mm/yr to 4.6 mm/yr. Creep rates in the 9 mm/yr section near the south end have remained the same.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97690","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., and Galehouse, J.S., 1997, Revised long-term creep rates on the Hayward Fault, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-690, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97690.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0690/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0690/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda;Contra Costa","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galehouse, Jon S.","contributorId":57894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3867,"text":"cir1131 - 1997 - Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"cir1131","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1131","title":"Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment","docAbstract":"Agricultural land use is one of the most important influences on water quality at national and regional scales. Although there is great diversity in the character of agricultural land, variations follow regional patterns that are influenced by environmental setting and economics. These regional patterns can be characterized by the distribution of crops. A new approach to classifying and mapping agricultural land use for national water-quality assessment was developed by combining information on general land-use distribution with information on crop patterns from agricultural census data. Separate classification systems were developed for row crops and for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. These two general categories of agricultural land are distinguished from each other in the land-use classification system used in the U.S. Geological Survey national Land Use and Land Cover database.\r\n\r\nClassification of cropland was based on the areal extent of crops harvested. The acreage of each crop in each county was divided by total row-crop area or total orchard, vineyard, and nursery area, as appropriate, thus normalizing the crop data and making the classification independent of total cropland area. The classification system was developed using simple percentage criteria to define combinations of 1 to 3 crops that account for 50 percent or more or harvested acreage in a county. The classification system consists of 21 level I categories and 46 level II subcategories for row crops, and 26 level I categories and 19 level II subcategories for orchards, vineyards, and nurseries. All counties in the United States with reported harvested acreage are classified in these categories. The distribution of agricultural land within each county, however, must be evaluated on the basis of general land-use data. This can be done at the national scale using 'Major Land Uses of the United States,' at the regional scale using data from the national Land Use and Land Cover database, or at smaller scales using locally available data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/cir1131","isbn":"0607868090","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Thelin, G.P., 1997, Classification and Mapping of Agricultural Land for National Water-Quality Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1131, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1131.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1131.bmp"},{"id":14631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thelin, Gail P.","contributorId":75178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelin","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23537,"text":"ofr97265 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T20:01:52.094667","indexId":"ofr97265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-265","title":"Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97265","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Chandler Lake quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-265, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97265.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405564,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37195.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1614,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0265/ofr97265.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandler Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6883c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28435,"text":"wri974185 - 1997 - Statistical analysis of nitrate in ground water, West Salt River Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri974185","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4185","title":"Statistical analysis of nitrate in ground water, West Salt River Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Accurate estimates of the nitrate concentrations in ground water in west Salt River Valley are needed to better manage ground water affected by nitrate. Statistical analyses were done to establish the best statistical method to produce these estimates. Three sets of ground-water data for different time periods --1975-77, 1980-85, and 1986-90--were used to analyze spatial and temporal variations in concentrations of nitrate in ground water.\r\nThe use of inverse-distance squared weighting, radial-basis function, kriging, and cokriging were evaluated for estimating nitrate concentrations in ground water. From an analysis of the cross-validation results, cokriging maps resulted in the best estimates, and they were accepted as being the most reliable. Cross-validation results also indicated that nitrate cokriged best with magnesium for 1975-77 and 1986-90 and with calcium for 1980-85. Kriging results consistently were almost as reliable as any of the cokriging results. Because of the difficulties inherent in the cokriging process, kriging, although not optimal, was the fastest way to obtain reasonably good results.\r\nIn 1980-85, cokriged nitrate concentrations exceeded 20 milligrams per liter in a 12-square-kilometer area in Phoenix and Glendale and exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in a 280-square-kilometer area that extended to the Salt River. In 1986-90, nitrate concentrations along the entire reach of the Salt River in west Salt River Valley were less than 10 milligrams per liter and were smaller probably as a result of recharge from the Salt and Gila Rivers in 1982. Farther north in Phoenix and Glendale, the area in which nitrate concentrations exceeded 10 milligrams per liter expanded to 490 square kilometers for 1986-90. In Buckeye Valley, nitrate concentrations exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in an area of 300 square milometers for 1980-85 from the Gila River in the early 1980's but possibly could be an artifact of the different data distributions associated with each data set. In the Phoenix area, cokriged nitrate concentrations for 1975-77 exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in a 290-square-kilometer area and exceeded 20 milligrams per liter in a 1.4-square- kilometer area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974185","usgsCitation":"Long, A.E., Brown, J.G., and Gellenbeck, D., 1997, Statistical analysis of nitrate in ground water, West Salt River Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4185, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974185.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andy E.","contributorId":73647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, James G.","contributorId":81094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gellenbeck, Dorinda J.","contributorId":13228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellenbeck","given":"Dorinda J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28141,"text":"wri974107 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:44:04.466473","indexId":"wri974107","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4107","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94","docAbstract":"Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water were summarized using data from Federal, state, and local agencies as part of an analysis of historical water-quality data for the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit encompasses the drainage of the Mississippi River from the source to the outlet of Lake Pepin. This report focuses on a 19,500-square-mile study area in the eastern part of the study unit. The study area included the part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin from Royalton, Minnesota, to the outlet of Lake Pepin, located near Red Wing, Minnesota; the Minnesota River Basin from Jordan, Minnesota, to the confluence with the Mississippi River; and the entire drainage basins of the St. Croix, Cannon, and Vermillion Rivers. The Twin Cities metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.3 million people, is located in the south-central part of the study area.
\nFertilizers and livestock manure were the greatest sources of nitrogen and phosphorus applied to the land surface of the study unit. Approximately 60 percent of the fertilizer was applied to the Minnesota River Basin, which drains agricultural areas in the southern and western parts of the study unit.
\nConcentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in streams, generally were greatest in the tributaries to the Mississippi River draining agricultural areas in the western and southern part of the study area. Concentrations of these constituents generally were least in tributaries draining forested land. The greatest total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations generally occurred during the spring and summer in streams draining agricultural areas and in the winter in streams draining forested areas. Total phosphorus concentrations generally were greatest in the spring and summer for all streams.
\nTotal nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations in the Mississippi River increased substantially downstream from the Minnesota River and downstream from wastewater discharges in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Total ammonia and dissolved orthophosphate concentrations generally were greatest at sites on the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers downstream from wastewater discharges from the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
\nTotal nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in streams generally were less than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Total phosphorus concentrations in streams generally were greater than the 0.1 mg/L concentration recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at sites located in agricultural areas and on the Mississippi River downstream from its confluence with the Minnesota River.
\nPhosphorus and nitrogen yields were greatest in watersheds primarily draining agricultural land. The majority of the nitrogen and phosphorus loading to the Mississippi River was from the Minnesota River. In the Minnesota River, the nitrogen load primarily was total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen.
\nDespite increases in fertilizer usage during 1982-91, most stream sites outside of the Twin Cities metropolitan area had no temporal trends in total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, or dissolved orthophosphate concentrations for water years 1984-93. Most sites had a decrease in total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, possibly a result of improvements in wastewater treatment. In the Twin Cities metropolitan area, decreases in total ammonia concentrations in the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers coincided with increases in total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations, probably a result of wastewater treatment plants initiating nitrification processes.
\nNitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in ground water reflect land uses and hydrogeologic settings of major aquifers in the study area. Unconfined sand and gravel, buried sand and gravel, and the Prairie du Chien-Jordan were the aquifers most frequently sampled for nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen because they are the principal sources of ground water in the study area. The greatest nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations reported by Federal and state agencies, some exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant level of 10 mg/L by a factor of four, were in water from shallow wells in agricultural and mixed forested and agricultural areas. Water sampled from buried sand and gravel aquifers, which are more shielded from substances leaching from the land surface by layers of clay or till, generally had lower nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations than water from unconfined sand and gravel aquifers. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in water samples from the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were greatest in the Wisconsin part of the study area and in the vicinity of the Cannon River, where the aquifer is commonly unconfined, exposed at land surface, and overlain by agricultural or by mixed forested and agricultural land covers.
\nDissolved phosphorus concentrations in ground water in the study area generally were near detection limits of 0.01 mg/L or lower, indicating that surface-water eutrophication from phosphorus may be more likely to occur from overland runoff of phosphorus compounds and from direct discharges of treated wastewater than from ground-water base flow. The greatest concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in ground water generally were detected in water samples from wells in urban portions of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974107","usgsCitation":"Kroening, S.E., and Andrews, W.J., 1997, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4107, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974107.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97297","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Misheguk Mountain quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-297, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97297.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52325,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Misheguk Mountain quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -159,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, J. 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The following annotated bibliography was compiled to consolidate existing published research on the topic. Emphasis was placed on the types, causes, effects and measurement techniques of water repellency, particularly with respect to wildfires and prescribed burns. Each annotation includes a general summary of the respective publication, as well as highlights of interest to this focus. Although some references on the development of water repellency without fires, the chemistry of hydrophobic substances, and remediation of water-repellent conditions are included, coverage of these topics is not intended to be comprehensive. To develop this database, the GeoRef, Agricola, and Water Resources Abstracts databases were searched for appropriate references, and the bibliographies of each reference were then reviewed for additional entries. Additional references will be added to this bibliography as they become available. The annotated bibliography can be accessed on the Web at http://geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/html_files/landslides/ofr97-720/biblio.html. A database consisting of the references and keywords is available through a link at the above address. This database was compiled using EndNote2 plus software by Niles and Associates, and is necessary to search the database.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97720","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kalendovsky, M., and Cannon, S., 1997, Fire-induced water-repellent soils, an annotated bibliography (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-720, 41 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97720.","productDescription":"41 p. ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1585,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/720/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef520","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalendovsky, M.A.","contributorId":28625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalendovsky","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019705,"text":"70019705 - 1997 - Analysis of borehole televiewer measurements in the Vorotilov drillhole, Russia - First results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T16:37:58.927983","indexId":"70019705","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of borehole televiewer measurements in the Vorotilov drillhole, Russia - First results","docAbstract":"In the Eurasian part of the World Stress Map almost the whole region east of the Tornquist-Teisseyre line is terra incognita. The closure of this information gap is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the geodynamics of the Eurasian continent. A detailed analysis of stress-induced wellbore breakouts has been performed over a 4.1-km-long depth interval in the Vorotilov drillhole (VGS). The borehole is located in the central part of the Russian platform, right in the center of the Vorotilov meteorite impact crater 60 km to the NNE of the city of Nizni Novgorod. An ultrasonic borehole televiewer (BHTV) was used to obtain high-resolution acoustical images from the borehole wall. With an interactive system for analyzing BHTV data the azimuth and shape of borehole breakouts occurring in the depth range of 1.3–4.8 km were analyzed. A statistical analysis of the resulting orientation profile of the breakout azimuths yields an overall direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress SH of N 137°E ± 15°. Variations of breakout orientation with depth ranging from a few degrees up to more than 90° are seen on various depth scales.
The observed stress direction of N 137°E agrees very well with the average SH orientation of N 145°E in Central Europe. If this measurement is taken as representative for the Russian platform, the stress field in Russia is only slightly rotated in comparison to Central Europe. This can possibly be interpreted as indicative for the stress field to be governed by broad scale tectonic forces, such as a strong contribution from the forces exerted by the collision zone in the Alpine-Himalayan belt and by the Mid-Atlantic ridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00031-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Huber, K., Fuchs, K., Palmer, J., Roth, F., Khakhaev, B., Van-Kin, L.E., Pevzner, L., Hickman, S., Moos, D., Zoback, M.D., and Schmitt, D., 1997, Analysis of borehole televiewer measurements in the Vorotilov drillhole, Russia - First results: Tectonophysics, v. 275, no. 1-3, p. 261-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00031-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Vorotilov drillhole","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.85361151516585,\n 56.377878378335424\n ],\n [\n 43.85361151516585,\n 56.24665273409747\n ],\n [\n 44.20560894507008,\n 56.24665273409747\n ],\n [\n 44.20560894507008,\n 56.377878378335424\n ],\n [\n 43.85361151516585,\n 56.377878378335424\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"275","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb0ae4b0c8380cd48b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, K.","contributorId":18230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuchs, K.","contributorId":89666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuchs","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, J.","contributorId":25040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, F.","contributorId":92929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khakhaev, B.N.","contributorId":17101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khakhaev","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van-Kin, L. E.","contributorId":52043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van-Kin","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pevzner, L.A.","contributorId":6327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pevzner","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hickman, S.","contributorId":79995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moos, Daniel","contributorId":105048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moos","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schmitt, D.","contributorId":19395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70020020,"text":"70020020 - 1997 - Correlation of Miocene sequences and hydrogeologic units, New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T15:07:43.001694","indexId":"70020020","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of Miocene sequences and hydrogeologic units, New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"We have developed a Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework using data from recently drilled boreholes in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Sequences are shallowing upward, unconformity-bounded units; fine-grained shelf and prodelta sediments grade upward to delta front and shallow-marine sands, corresponding to confining bed-aquifer couplets. By dating Miocene sequences using Sr-isotope stratigraphy, and mapping with borehole data and geophysical logs, we can predict the continuity and effectiveness of the confining beds and aquifers. The following are illustrated on a 90-km basinward dip section: (1) the composite confining bed is comprised of the KwO and lower Kw1a (ca. 23.8-20.5 Ma) sequences downdip at Atlantic City, and the Kw1b, Kw1a and older sequences updip (ca. 69.3-20.6 Ma), and is continuous throughout most of the coastal plain; (2) the major confined aquifer, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, is comprised of the upper Kw1a and Kw1b sequences (ca. 20.5-20.2 Ma) and is an areally continuous sand that is interconnected with the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system updip of Mays Landing; (3) the confining bed above the Atlantic City 800-foot sand is comprised of the Kw2a, Kw2b, and Kw3 sequences (18.1-13.3 Ma) and is an extensive confining bed that pinches out updip. These sequences and aquifer-confining bed couplets are linked to global sea-level changes evinced by the ??18O record. We conclude that sequence stratigraphy is a powerful tool when applied to regional hydrogeologic problems, although basinal tectonic differences and localized variations in sediment supply can affect aquifer thickness and permeability.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00046-2","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Sugarman, P.J., and Miller, K., 1997, Correlation of Miocene sequences and hydrogeologic units, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Sedimentary Geology, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 3-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00046-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.37244133572423,\n 40.47663791572276\n ],\n [\n -75.57270968879646,\n 39.523620061399654\n ],\n [\n -75.05109120457679,\n 38.84727608756319\n ],\n [\n -74.7877049538744,\n 38.86305997864855\n ],\n [\n -74.04324209964783,\n 39.76554809333294\n ],\n [\n -73.88624305883334,\n 40.42262654169221\n ],\n [\n -74.37244133572423,\n 40.47663791572276\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc32e4b0c8380cd4e182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sugarman, P. J.","contributorId":81154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24842,"text":"ofr97562 - 1997 - Traveltime and dispersion data, including associated discharge and water-surface elevation data, for the Upper Ohio River, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia; October through November 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"ofr97562","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-562","title":"Traveltime and dispersion data, including associated discharge and water-surface elevation data, for the Upper Ohio River, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia; October through November 1991","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97562","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J., 1997, Traveltime and dispersion data, including associated discharge and water-surface elevation data, for the Upper Ohio River, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia; October through November 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-562, iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97562.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0562/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0562/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J.B.","contributorId":76739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21823,"text":"ofr97859 - 1997 - Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr97859","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-859","title":"Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97859","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T., Koukladas, C., Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P., 1997, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97859.","productDescription":"51 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51315,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51316,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68807c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R. E.","contributorId":93046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, S. A.","contributorId":106931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunyapanasarn, T.P.","contributorId":57100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunyapanasarn","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koukladas, Catherine","contributorId":89167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koukladas","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauser, R. M.","contributorId":47397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauser","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cossette, P. M. 0000-0002-9608-6595","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":36586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":30016,"text":"wri954211C - 1997 - Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T14:30:37","indexId":"wri954211C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"C","title":"Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"Fish communities were surveyed at 20 wadable stream sites during 1993-95 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water- Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's assessment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages. Part of the NAWQA design is to incorporate ecological data into an overall environmental assessment. Collection of fish-community data was part of this ecological assessment.
\nThe Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area is located in eastern Wisconsin and parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. To isolate the effects of individual factors on stream quality, the study area was subdivided into 28 environmental settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHUs), on the basis of land use/land cover, texture of surficial deposits, and bedrock geology. A fixed monitoring site was established on a wadable stream within 8 of these RHUs to determine the status and trends of water quality in a representative stream. Water-quality characteristics, ecological- community data, and stream-habitat factors were measured at these sites during 1993- 95.
\nFish communities were sampled at the 8 wadable fixed sites once a year during 1993-95. At three of these sites, multiple-reach samples were collected in 1994 to determine within-site variation. Fish communities also were sampled at an additional 12 sites, 11 in 1993 and one in 1995, within the 6 largest RHUs. The sites, 1-3 per each of the 6 RHUs, were located on streams with drainage basins of similar size as the fixed sites within the same RHUs.
\nA total of 44 fish species from 12 families were collected at the 20 sites. The family with the most species represented were the minnows. The number of species per site ranged from one at a small urban site (Lincoln Creek) in 1995 to 21 at an agricultural site (North Branch Milwaukee River) in 1995. The number of individuals collected in one sampling pass ranged from 21 at a stream in the forested northwest part of the study area (Peshekee River) in 1995 to 498 at an agricultural site (East River) in 1995. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were collected at 17 sites, the most of any species. Species that are indicative of a coldwater environment were collected at 12 sites.
\nDetrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of multiple-reach and multiple-year data indicated that species composition at each of these sites were fairly consistent between reaches and years. Thus, for simplicity, most analyses were done using 1993 data only.
\nIndex of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores on 1993 data ranged from very poor at a channelized urban site to excellent at 3 sites; 2 in primarily agricultural areas and 1 in a forested area. Seven sites each scored good or fair, and two sites scored poor. Sites with multiple-year or multiple-reach data did not vary significantly within the error factor of the IBI.
\nDCA of fish-community data from 19 sites indicated that coldwater sites were tightly grouped, whereas warmwater sites showed a larger gradient. This was expected, given the potential for greater diversity among warmwater sites. Fixed sites were shown to be representative of the study area as a whole, while specific fish communities could not be attributed to particular RHUs.
\nCluster analysis revealed two major groups of sites and two outlier sites. The two groups represented coldwater and warmwater streams, while the outlier sites were the urban site and a species- rich site with high biotic integrity that drains primarily agricultural land.
\nCanonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil credibility was a significant predictor of species composition. Though not statistically significant, land use, soil permeability, and bedrock permeability also were indicated as predictors of fish-species composition by CCA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954211C","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., 1997, Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211C.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 46.384833223492784\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24054,"text":"ofr97539 - 1997 - The Upper Triassic Greens Creek VMS (volcanogenic massive sulfide) deposit and Woewodski Island VMS prospects, southeastern Alaska; chemical and isotopic data for rocks and ores demonstrate similarity of these deposits and their host rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr97539","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-539","title":"The Upper Triassic Greens Creek VMS (volcanogenic massive sulfide) deposit and Woewodski Island VMS prospects, southeastern Alaska; chemical and isotopic data for rocks and ores demonstrate similarity of these deposits and their host rocks","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97539","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Newberry, R., and Brew, D.A., 1997, The Upper Triassic Greens Creek VMS (volcanogenic massive sulfide) deposit and Woewodski Island VMS prospects, southeastern Alaska; chemical and isotopic data for rocks and ores demonstrate similarity of these deposits and their host rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-539, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97539.","productDescription":"49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0539/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newberry, R.J.","contributorId":50558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newberry","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23746,"text":"ofr97566 - 1997 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr97566","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-566","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996","docAbstract":"The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water pumping from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined areas of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, and (4) chemistry of the ground water and surface water. In 1996, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,040 acre-feet, which is less than a 1-percent decrease from 1995. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer decreased by about 3 percent to 5,390 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer increased by about 9 percent to 1,650 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined area during 1996 were recorded in 11 of 13 wells, and the median change was a decline of about 2.7 feet as opposed to a decline of 1.8 feet for 1995. Water-level declines in the unconfined area were recorded in 11 of 18 wells, and the median change was a decline of 0.5 foot in 1996 as opposed to a decline of 0.1 foot in 1995. The average low-flow discharge at the Moenkopi streamflow-gaging station was 2.3 cubic feet per second in 1996. Streamflow-discharge measurements also were made at Laguna Creek, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash during 1996. Average low-flow discharge was 2.3 cubic feet per second at Laguna Creek, 0.4 cubic foot per second at Dinnebito Wash, and 0.2 cubic foot per second at Polacca Wash. Discharge was measured at three springs. Discharge from Moenkopi School Spring decreased by about 2 gallons per minute from the measurement in 1995. Discharge from an unnamed spring near Dennehotso decreased by 1.3 gallons per minute from the measurement made in 1995; however, discharge increased slightly at Burro Spring. Regionally, long-term water-chemistry data for wells and springs have remained stable.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97566","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., and Monroe, S.A., 1997, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-566, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97566.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0566/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0566/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e480fe4b07f02db4d6d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, Stephen A.","contributorId":103313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23236,"text":"ofr97710 - 1997 - Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T21:32:14.072717","indexId":"ofr97710","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-710","title":"Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97710","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., 1997, Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-710, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97710.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-710/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393061,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22995.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7306,\n 36.894\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 36.894\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121.7306,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121.7306,\n 36.894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23897,"text":"ofr97559 - 1997 - Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr97559","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-559","title":"Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1995","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97559","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.F., and Atkins, J., 1997, Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-559, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97559.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0559/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0559/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K. F.","contributorId":87153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkins, J.T.","contributorId":39403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23896,"text":"ofr97556 - 1997 - Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr97556","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-556","title":"Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97556","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.F., and Atkins, J., 1997, Water-quality data for the Ohio River from New Cumberland Dam to Pike Island Dam, West Virginia and Ohio, June-October 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-556, iv, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97556.","productDescription":"iv, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0556/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53101,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0556/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, K. F.","contributorId":87153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkins, J.T.","contributorId":39403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22268,"text":"ofr97583 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T21:49:10.641431","indexId":"ofr97583","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-583","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1992-95","docAbstract":"From 1992 through 1995, nearly 1,200 water-quality samples from about 500 sites were collected, processed, and analyzed for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Sites were selected and samples were collected for 28 integrated water-quality studies designed to provide a comprehensive and nationally consistent description of current water-quality conditions, to begin to identify trends in water quality, and to determine the major factors that affect observed water quality. To achieve this, stream-water, ground-water, streambed-sediment, and biota samples were collected, and habitat assessments were conducted at selected data-collection sites.
This report discusses the water-quality study design, site-selection strategy, and implementation steps used to obtain water-quality and related data. Methods employed to collect, process, and analyze samples, characterize sites, and assess habitat are described. A comprehensive list of all sites employed in these studies and their characteristics is provided. Sample analyses conducted for the water-quality studies described in this report, including nutrients, pesticides, major ions, volatile organic compounds (VOC's), and trace elements, as well as measured or observed physical properties and habitat characteristics, also are listed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97583","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Siwiec, S.F., Hainly, R.A., Lindsey, B., Bilger, M.D., and Brightbill, R.A., 1997, Water-quality assessment of the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-583, xii, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97583.","productDescription":"xii, 121 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18818.htm"},{"id":350520,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0583/ofr19970583.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1997-0583"},{"id":154467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0583/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lower Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.9040,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -75.76,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -75.76,\n 41.206\n ],\n [\n -78.9040,\n 41.206\n ],\n [\n -78.9040,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Spanish Valley area in southeastern Utah (fig. 1) is experiencing a rapid increase in development of residential and business property. In this report, the Spanish Valley area refers to the geographic area shown in figures 1, 3, and 4. This area includes Moab Valley, Spanish Valley, and the mesa area.-; to the northeast. Substantial development is taking place on the cast side of Spanish Valley, where the Navajo Sandstone, the Kaycnta Formation, and the Wingate Sandstone forn the Glen Canyon aquifer, wltich is the principal aquifer that supplies drinking water for the area. Additional business construction and subdivision development are occurring in Spanish Valley south of Moab, where valley-fill deposits make up a secondary aquifer that is used mostly for irrigation and stock watering but also for domestic drinking water. Because current (1995) sewage treatment facilities arc not adequate to accommodate the increase in development, county officials are concerned about protecting the ground-water resources from excess nitrate loading that might result if additional septic systems are used for the effluent disposal.
Traditional land use in the Spanish Valley area has been agricultural, but more subdivisions and small farms with horse pastures are being developed. Sumsion (1971) reported that water from five wells in the valley-fill aquifer contained nitrate concentrations that ranged from 9 to 26 mg/Las NO3 (2.0 to 5.87 mg/Las N). With the increased use of septic systems in the south end of the valley, nitrate plus nitrite concentrations might have increased in the valley-fill aquifer. Few data on nitrate plus nitrite concentration have been collected since 1968-69. Also, with the increased development, other types of contamination such as organic compounds might be infiltrating the valley-fill aquifer. Little or no sampling for organic compounds has been done in the valley-fill aquifer in Moab and Spanish Valleys.
To protect ground-water resources in Grand County, Grand County Commissioners would like to classify the ground-water system according to the Ground Water Quality Protection Administrative Rule R317-6 of the Utah Administrative Code (table I. part A. located on the back of this report) (Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, 1995). The code states that when sufficient information is available, entire aquifers or parts thereof may be classified by the lJLah Water Quality Board according to the quality of ground water contained therein. After classification, groundwater protection levels are established and used to regulate existing and potential sources of contamination to ground water from new and existing facilities within the classified area. This investigation was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Grand County; the city of Moab; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Grand County' the City of Moab; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., and Susong, D.D., 1997, Recharge areas and quality of ground water for the Glen Canyon and valley-fill aquifers, Spanish Valley area, Grand and San Juan counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4206, 2 Plates: 34.33 x 24.63 inches and 24.42 x 34.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974206.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.33 x 24.63 inches and 24.42 x 34.41 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363542,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Grand County, San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.41666667\n ],\n [\n -109.37500000,\n 38.41666667\n ],\n [\n -109.37500000,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.41666667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28928,"text":"wri974061 - 1997 - Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:23:36","indexId":"wri974061","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4061","title":"Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95","docAbstract":"Water-quality and streamflow monitoring data, collected from 1983 to 1995, were analyzed for 34 stream and reservoir sites in a seven- county region within the upper Neuse and upper Cape Fear River Basins. Early data (1983-88) were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey water- quality studies and from the ambient water-quality monitoring network of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Analyses of major ions, nutrients, metals, trace elements, and synthetic organic compounds were compiled from samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1988 to 1995 as part of a continuing project to monitor the water quality of surface-water supplies in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, and from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources ambient water-quality monitoring network.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the results of analysis of consistently increasing or decreasing trends in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus species, suspended sediment, suspended solids, sodium, chloride, iron, manganese, zinc, and chlorophyll a from seasonal Kendall trend analysis on flow-adjusted concentrations for streams and concentrations in lakes. Total phosphorus concentrations also were tested for a step decrease in concentration (step trend) associated with the North Carolina phosphate-detergent ban of 1988. For some other constituents, insufficient data or values below laboratory detection limits precluded trend analysis.\r\n\r\nA regionwide decrease in total phosphorus, ranging from 25 to 81 percent was observed that coincided with increased phosphorus removal efforts at municipal wastewater-treatment facilities in the region and the statewide phosphate-detergent ban. Most sites had stable or decreasing trends in nitrogen concentrations; however, increasing trends occurred in the Neuse River near Clayton and at Smithfield, both of which are downstream from the developing Raleigh-Durham area. Chlorophyll a concentrations have increased by 17 to 52 percent per year at monitored reservoirs, except at Cane Creek Reservoir and Lake Michie where there was no trend. No significant trends in suspended- sediment concentrations were observed. Long-term sodium concentrations were available for only a few sites. Of these, decreasing concentrations were observed in the Neuse River at Smithfield and Cane Creek near Orange Grove, and an increasing concentration was observed in University Lake. At most sites, concentrations of manganese, iron, and zinc were stable. Decreasing iron trends were observed in Little River and Cane Creek Reservoirs and Lake Michie. Cane Creek Reservoir also had a decreasing manganese trend. Severn sites, all downstream from wastewater-treatment facilities, were analyzed for zinc trends. A decreasing trend was observed in two of these--Knap of Reeds Creek and Little Lick Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974061","usgsCitation":"Childress, C., and Bathala, N., 1997, Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4061, 18 p. :ill. 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Conductivity, temperature, light attenuation, turbidity, oxygen, and in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence were measured longitudinally and vertically in the main channel of the estuary from south of the Dumbarton Bridge in the southern part of the Bay to Rio Vista on the Sacramento River. Discrete water samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended participate matter, and dissolved oxygen. Water density was calculated from salinity, temperature, and pressure (depth), and is included in the data summaries.
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Water-surface elevations were measured in 41 ground-water observation wells and at 20 surface-water sites to help characterize the geohydrology of the Fairbanks International Airport area. From 1990 to 1993, data were collected in the vicinity of the former fire-training area at the airport. From 1993 to 1996, the data-collection area was expanded to include the entire airport area. 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