Over the 20th century, surface water temperatures have increased in many lake ecosystems around the world, but long-term trends in the vertical thermal structure of lakes remain unclear, despite the strong control that thermal stratification exerts on the biological response of lakes to climate change. Here we used both neo- and paleoecological approaches to develop a fossil-based inference model for lake mixing depths and thereby refine understanding of lake thermal structure change. We focused on three common planktonic diatom taxa, the distributions of which previous research suggests might be affected by mixing depth. Comparative lake surveys and growth rate experiments revealed that these species respond to lake thermal structure when nitrogen is sufficient, with species optima ranging from shallower to deeper mixing depths. The diatom-based mixing depth model was applied to sedimentary diatom profiles extending back to 1750 AD in two lakes with moderate nitrate concentrations but differing climate settings. Thermal reconstructions were consistent with expected changes, with shallower mixing depths inferred for an alpine lake where treeline has advanced, and deeper mixing depths inferred for a boreal lake where wind strength has increased. The inference model developed here provides a new tool to expand and refine understanding of climate-induced changes in lake ecosystems.
Evidence suggests that a crypto-explosive hypothesis and a meteorite impact hypothesis may be partly correct in explaining several anomalous geological features in the middle of the United States. We used a primary geographic information science (GIScience) technique of creating a digital elevation model (DEM) of two of these features that occur in Missouri. The DEMs were derived from airborne light detection and ranging, or LiDAR. Using these DEMs, we characterized the Crooked Creek structure in southern Crawford County and the Weaubleau structure in southeastern St. Clair County, Missouri. The mensuration and study of exposed and buried impact craters implies that the craters may have intrinsic dimensions which could only be produced by collision. The results show elevations varying between 276 and 348 m for Crooked Creek and between 220 and 290 m for Weaubleau structure. These new high- resolution DEMs are accurate enough to allow for precise measurements and better interpretations of geological structures, particularly jointing in the carbonate rocks, and they show greater definition of the central uplift area in the Weaubleau structure than publicly available DEMs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for Geodetic Surveying, Geographic and Land Information Society","usgsCitation":"Finn, M.P., Krizanich, G.W., Evans, K.R., Cox, M.R., and Yamamoto, K.H., 2015, Visualizing impact structures using high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs: A case study of two structures in Missouri: Surveying and Land Information Science, v. 72, no. 2, p. 87-97.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033594","costCenters":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nsps/salis/2012/00000072/00000002/art00005?crawler=true"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Crawford County, St. Clair County","otherGeospatial":"Crooked Creek, Weableau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6859130859375,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -93.6859130859375,\n 37.98425724185128\n ],\n [\n -93.4332275390625,\n 37.98425724185128\n ],\n [\n -93.4332275390625,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -93.6859130859375,\n 37.79676317682161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.09819030761717,\n 37.32430451813815\n ],\n [\n -90.09819030761717,\n 37.499920931273685\n ],\n [\n -89.83932495117188,\n 37.499920931273685\n ],\n [\n -89.83932495117188,\n 37.32430451813815\n ],\n [\n -90.09819030761717,\n 37.32430451813815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5645c65fe4b0e2669b30f230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krizanich, Gary W.","contributorId":98390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Melissa R.","contributorId":149711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16806,"text":"Missouri State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yamamoto, Kristina H. khyamamoto@usgs.gov","contributorId":4490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Kristina","email":"khyamamoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005721,"text":"ofr20111158 - 2015 - How to build and teach with QuakeCaster: an earthquake demonstration and exploration tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T10:19:50","indexId":"ofr20111158","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1158","title":"How to build and teach with QuakeCaster: an earthquake demonstration and exploration tool","docAbstract":"QuakeCaster is an interactive, hands-on teaching model that simulates earthquakes and their interactions along a plate-boundary fault. QuakeCaster contains the minimum number of physical processes needed to demonstrate most observable earthquake features. A winch to steadily reel in a line simulates the steady plate tectonic motions far from the plate boundaries. A granite slider in frictional contact with a nonskid rock-like surface simulates a fault at a plate boundary. A rubber band connecting the line to the slider simulates the elastic character of the Earth’s crust. By stacking and unstacking sliders and cranking in the winch, one can see the results of changing the shear stress and the clamping stress on a fault. By placing sliders in series with rubber bands between them, one can simulate the interaction of earthquakes along a fault, such as cascading or toggling shocks. By inserting a load scale into the line, one can measure the stress acting on the fault throughout the earthquake cycle. As observed for real earthquakes, QuakeCaster events are not periodic, time-predictable, or slip-predictable. QuakeCaster produces rare but unreliable “foreshocks.” When fault gouge builds up, the friction goes to zero and fault creep is seen without large quakes. QuakeCaster events produce very small amounts of fault gouge that strongly alter its behavior, resulting in smaller, more frequent shocks as the gouge accumulates. QuakeCaster is designed so that students or audience members can operate it and record its output. With a stopwatch and ruler one can measure and plot the timing, slip distance, and force results of simulated earthquakes. People of all ages can use the QuakeCaster model to explore hypotheses about earthquake occurrence. QuakeCaster takes several days and about $500.00 in materials to build.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111158","usgsCitation":"Linton, K., and Stein, R.S., 2015, How to build and teach with QuakeCaster: an earthquake demonstration and exploration tool (Version 1.0: September 29, 2011; Version 1.1: March 3, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1158, Report: iv, 38 p.; Videos; Audio; Transcript, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111158.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; Videos; Audio; Transcript","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111158.gif"},{"id":298270,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1158/of2011-1158_transcript.pdf","text":"Transcript","size":"100 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Transcript"},{"id":298269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1158/audio","text":"Audio","description":"Audio","linkHelpText":"both full and trailer for the visually impaired"},{"id":94390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1158/ofr2011-1158v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298268,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1158/video","text":"Videos","description":"Videos","linkHelpText":"both full (~11 minutes) and trailer (~1 minutes) each in two sizes and two formats"}],"country":"United States","edition":"Version 1.0: September 29, 2011; Version 1.1: March 3, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linton, Kelsey","contributorId":16563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linton","given":"Kelsey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154914,"text":"70154914 - 2015 - Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T14:18:32","indexId":"70154914","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants)","docAbstract":"Probably the single most eye-catching aspect of the current volume is the explosion of species recognized in the family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World listed 143 species in 50 genera of Bovidae. That list, prepared by the late Peter Grubb, was somewhat traditional and provisional, as he was engaged with his long-time colleague, Colin Groves, in a substantial revision of ungulate taxonomy. Their work, which will be published later this year, is the culmination of years of study of this important and wide-ranging family by these two venerable authorities. Colin Groves is the lead author for Bovidae in this volume of HMW, and in it we recognize all 279 species in 54 genera that are documented in his and Peter Grubb’s ground-breaking work.
At the root of this expanded number of recognized species is our changing view of the modern species concept. Like a growing number of taxonomists, Groves favors a phylogenetic species concept, which he defines as the smallest population or aggregation of populations that has fixed heritable differences from other such populations or aggregations. This is in contrast to the traditional biological species concept, which requires reproductive isolation between such populations. The difficulty in determining that reproductive isolation led to an underrepresentation of the number of species in many groups. Clearly there remain problems in determining which differences between populations are heritable, and the system used here undoubtedly will continue to be tweaked as our understanding grows. For now, this greatly expanded version of Bovidae species limits seems the best answer. One of the goals of HMW is to provide an up-to-date summary of the conservation status for every species of mammal, and this expanded species concept better enables us to explore the true conservation situation of each.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of Mammals of the World, Vol. II Hoofed Mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lynx Edicions","isbn":"978-84-96553-77-4","usgsCitation":"Groves, C.P., Leslie, D., Huffman, B.A., Valdez, R., Habibi, K., Weinberg, P., Burton, J., Jarman, P., and Robichaud, W., 2015, Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants), chap. of Handbook of Mammals of the World, Vol. II Hoofed Mammals, v. 2.","ipdsId":"IP-027479","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lynxeds.com/hmw/handbook-mammals-world-volume-2"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b5e4b0e541a03c1a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, Colin P.","contributorId":145759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, Brent A.","contributorId":145760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valdez, Raul","contributorId":86607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Habibi, Khushal","contributorId":191849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Habibi","given":"Khushal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weinberg, Paul","contributorId":191850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weinberg","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burton, James","contributorId":191851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jarman, Peter","contributorId":191852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarman","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Robichaud, William","contributorId":191853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robichaud","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70156074,"text":"70156074 - 2015 - An interpolation method for stream habitat assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T14:16:29","indexId":"70156074","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-08T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interpolation method for stream habitat assessments","docAbstract":"Interpolation of stream habitat can be very useful for habitat assessment. Using a small number of habitat samples to predict the habitat of larger areas can reduce time and labor costs as long as it provides accurate estimates of habitat. The spatial correlation of stream habitat variables such as substrate and depth improves the accuracy of interpolated data. Several geographical information system interpolation methods (natural neighbor, inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging) were used to predict substrate and depth within a 210.7-m2 section of a second-order stream based on 2.5% and 5.0% sampling of the total area. Depth and substrate were recorded for the entire study site and compared with the interpolated values to determine the accuracy of the predictions. In all instances, the 5% interpolations were more accurate for both depth and substrate than the 2.5% interpolations, which achieved accuracies up to 95% and 92%, respectively. Interpolations of depth based on 2.5% sampling attained accuracies of 49–92%, whereas those based on 5% percent sampling attained accuracies of 57–95%. Natural neighbor interpolation was more accurate than that using the inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging approaches. Our findings demonstrate the effective use of minimal amounts of small-scale data for the interpolation of habitat over large areas of a stream channel. Use of this method will provide time and cost savings in the assessment of large sections of rivers as well as functional maps to aid the habitat-based management of aquatic species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M07-080.1","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, K.R., and Welsh, S.A., 2015, An interpolation method for stream habitat assessments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 29, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1577/M07-080.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008643","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155013,"text":"70155013 - 2015 - The transboundary nature of seabird ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T17:59:26.400537","indexId":"70155013","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"The transboundary nature of seabird ecology","docAbstract":"The term ‘seabird’ is generally applied to avian species that forage in the marine environment over open water. Seabirds typically nest in colonies and are long-lived species with low annual reproductive rates. Seabird breeding sites typically occur on islands or along coasts and as such are often at the boundaries of ecological or political zones. During the breeding season, seabirds cross a very distinct terrestrial/marine ecological boundary on a regular basis to forage. Even relatively ‘local’ species cross multiple jurisdictions within a day (e.g., state lands and waters, and federal waters) while pelagic species may transit through international waters on a daily, weekly, or monthly time-frame. Seabird life-histories expose individuals and populations to environmental conditions affecting both terrestrial and marine habitats. The wide-ranging and transboundary nature of seabird ecology also exposes these species to various environmental and anthropogenic forces such as contamination, commercial fisheries and climate forcing that also are transboundary in nature. Therefore, wherever conservation of seabirds or the management of their populations is the goal, consideration must be given to ecosystem dynamics on land and at sea. Because the jurisdiction of agencies does not cross the land-sea boundary in the same manner as the seabirds they are managing, these efforts are facilitated by multi-agency communication and collaboration. By their very nature and by the nature of the systems that they must function within, seabirds embody the complexity of wildlife ecology and conservation in the twenty-first century.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape-scale conservation planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-9575-6_8","isbn":"","usgsCitation":"Jodice, P.G., and Suryan, R., 2015, The transboundary nature of seabird ecology, chap. 8 of Landscape-scale conservation planning, p. 139-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9575-6_8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"165","ipdsId":"IP-019673","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b6e4b0e541a03c1a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jodice, Patrick G.R. 0000-0001-8716-120X pjodice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-120X","contributorId":1119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jodice","given":"Patrick","email":"pjodice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156062,"text":"70156062 - 2015 - Markov decision processes in natural resources management: observability and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-14T15:19:59","indexId":"70156062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-14T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Markov decision processes in natural resources management: observability and uncertainty","docAbstract":"The breadth and complexity of stochastic decision processes in natural resources presents a challenge to analysts who need to understand and use these approaches. The objective of this paper is to describe a class of decision processes that are germane to natural resources conservation and management, namely Markov decision processes, and to discuss applications and computing algorithms under different conditions of observability and uncertainty. A number of important similarities are developed in the framing and evaluation of different decision processes, which can be useful in their applications in natural resources management. The challenges attendant to partial observability are highlighted, and possible approaches for dealing with it are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023","usgsCitation":"Williams, B., 2015, Markov decision processes in natural resources management: observability and uncertainty: Ecological Modelling, v. 220, no. 6, p. 830-840, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.12.023.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"830","endPage":"840","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007547","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf112ae4b01487cbfc77bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Byron K.","contributorId":146540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron K.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156077,"text":"70156077 - 2015 - Brood rearing ecology of King Eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-14T13:52:46","indexId":"70156077","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-18T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brood rearing ecology of King Eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/08-125.1","usgsCitation":"Phillips, L.M., and Powell, A., 2015, Brood rearing ecology of King Eiders breeding on the North Slope of Alaska: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 121, no. 2, p. 430-434, https://doi.org/10.1676/08-125.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"430","endPage":"434","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009010","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 69.08425705053145\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 70.50290843859874\n ],\n [\n -145.61279296875,\n 70.50290843859874\n ],\n [\n -145.61279296875,\n 69.08425705053145\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 69.08425705053145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf1129e4b01487cbfc77b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Laura M.","contributorId":49497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146197,"text":"70146197 - 2015 - Association of anatase (TiO2) and microbes: unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-22T15:28:49","indexId":"70146197","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of anatase (TiO2) and microbes: unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?","docAbstract":"We combined microbial paleontology and molecular biology methods to study the Eyreville B drill core from the 35.3-Ma-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure,Virginia, USA. The investigated sample is a pyrite vein collected from the 1353.81-1353.89 m depth interval, located within a section of biotite granite. The granite is a pre-impact rock that was disrupted by the impact event. A search for inorganic (mineral) biosignatures revealed the presence of micron-size rod morphologies of anatase (TiO2) embedded in chlorite coatings on pyrite grains. Neither the Acridine Orange microbial probe nor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifi cation showed the presence of DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) at the location of anatase rods, implying the absence of viable cells in the investigated area. A Nile Red microbial probe revealed the presence of lipids in the rods. Because most of the lipids are resistant over geologic time spans, they are good biomarkers, and they are an indicator of biogenicity for these possibly 35-Ma-old microbial fossils. The mineral assemblage suggests that rod morphologies are associated with low-temperature (<100 °C) hydrothermal alteration that involved aqueous fl uids. The temporal constraints on the anatase fossils are still uncertain because pre-impact alteration of the granite and postimpact heating may have provided identical conditions for anatase precipitation and microbial preservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(42)","usgsCitation":"Glamoclija, M., Andrew Steele, Fries, M., Juergen Schieber, Voytek, M.A., and Charles S. Cockell, 2015, Association of anatase (TiO2) and microbes: unusual fossilization effect or a potential biosignature?: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 458, p. 965-975, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(42).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007072","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299791,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"458","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362331e4b0b22a15807a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glamoclija, Mihaela","contributorId":140220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glamoclija","given":"Mihaela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13418,"text":"Carnegie Inst. of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrew Steele","contributorId":140217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrew Steele","affiliations":[{"id":13418,"text":"Carnegie Inst. of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, Marc","contributorId":140219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fries","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juergen Schieber","contributorId":140218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juergen Schieber","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charles S. Cockell","contributorId":140215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charles S. Cockell","affiliations":[{"id":13416,"text":"Open University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70150452,"text":"70150452 - 2015 - The role of floodplain restoration in mitigating flood risk, Lower Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:06:49","indexId":"70150452","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of floodplain restoration in mitigating flood risk, Lower Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"Recent extreme floods on the Lower Missouri River have reinvigorated public policy debate about the potential role of floodplain restoration in decreasing costs of floods and possibly increasing other ecosystem service benefits. The first step to addressing the benefits of floodplain restoration is to understand the interactions of flow, floodplain morphology, and land cover that together determine the biophysical capacity of the floodplain. In this article we address interactions between ecological restoration of floodplains and flood-risk reduction at 3 scales. At the scale of the Lower Missouri River corridor (1300 km) floodplain elevation datasets and flow models provide first-order calculations of the potential for Missouri River floodplains to store floods of varying magnitude and duration. At this same scale assessment of floodplain sand deposition from the 2011 Missouri River flood indicates the magnitude of flood damage that could potentially be limited by floodplain restoration. At the segment scale (85 km), 1-dimensional hydraulic modeling predicts substantial stage reductions with increasing area of floodplain restoration; mean stage reductions range from 0.12 to 0.66 m. This analysis also indicates that channel widening may contribute substantially to stage reductions as part of a comprehensive strategy to restore floodplain and channel habitats. Unsteady 1-dimensional flow modeling of restoration scenarios at this scale indicates that attenuation of peak discharges of an observed hydrograph from May 2007, of similar magnitude to a 10 % annual exceedance probability flood, would be minimal, ranging from 0.04 % (with 16 % floodplain restoration) to 0.13 % (with 100 % restoration). At the reach scale (15–20 km) 2-dimensional hydraulic models of alternative levee setbacks and floodplain roughness indicate complex processes and patterns of flooding including substantial variation in stage reductions across floodplains depending on topographic complexity and hydraulic roughness. Detailed flow patterns captured in the 2-dimensional model indicate that most floodplain storage occurs on the rising limb of the flood as water flows into floodplain bottoms from downstream; at a later time during the rising limb this pattern is reversed and the entire bottom conveys discharge down the valley. These results indicate that flood-risk reduction by attenuation is likely to be small on a large river like the Missouri and design strategies to optimize attenuation and ecological restoration should focus on frequent floods (20–50 % annual exceedance probability). Local stage reductions are a more certain benefit of floodplain restoration but local effects are highly dependent on magnitude of flood discharge and how floodplain vegetation communities contribute to hydraulic roughness. The most certain flood risk reduction benefit of floodplain restoration is avoidance of flood damages to crops and infrastructure.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphic approaches to integrated floodplain management of lowland fluvial systems in North America and Europe","language":"English","publisher":"Springer New York","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-2380-9_9","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Lindner, G., and Bitner, C., 2015, The role of floodplain restoration in mitigating flood risk, Lower Missouri River, USA, chap. of Geomorphic approaches to integrated floodplain management of lowland fluvial systems in North America and Europe, p. 203-243, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2380-9_9.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"243","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038740","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Lower Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -100.634765625,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -100.546875,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -92.92236328125,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -90.087890625,\n 38.61687046392973\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb8e4b07657d1a90d93","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hudson, Paul F.","contributorId":138603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12461,"text":"Leiden University College The Hague","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654809,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middelkoop, Hans","contributorId":177152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middelkoop","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18101,"text":"Utrecht University, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654810,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindner, Garth A.","contributorId":143717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindner","given":"Garth A.","affiliations":[{"id":15309,"text":"University of Maryland Baltimore County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bitner, Chance","contributorId":143716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bitner","given":"Chance","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15308,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70147052,"text":"70147052 - 2015 - Hindcast of water availability in regional aquifer systems using MODFLOW Farm Process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T10:37:13","indexId":"70147052","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hindcast of water availability in regional aquifer systems using MODFLOW Farm Process","docAbstract":"Coupled groundwater and surface-water components of the hydrologic cycle can be simulated by the Farm Process for MODFLOW (MF-FMP) in both irrigated and non-irrigated areas and aquifer-storage and recovery systems. MF-FMP is being applied to three productive agricultural regions of different scale in the State of California, USA, to assess the availability of water and the impacts of alternative management decisions. Hindcast simulations are conducted for similar periods from the 1960s to near recent times. Historical groundwater pumpage is mostly unknown in one region (Central Valley) and is estimated by MF-FMP. In another region (Pajaro Valley), recorded pumpage is used to calibrate model-estimated pumpage. Multiple types of observations are used to estimate uncertain parameters, such as hydraulic, land-use, and farm properties. MF-FMP simulates how climate variability and water-import availability affect water demand and supply. MF-FMP can be used to predict water availability based on anticipated changes in anthropogenic or natural water demands.\r\nKeywords groundwater; surface-water; irrigation; water availability; response to climate variability/change","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Predictions for hydrology, ecology, and water resources management: Using data and models to benefit society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"HydroPredict 2008","conferenceDate":"September 15–18, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Prague, Czech Republic","language":"English","publisher":" Czech Association of Hydrogeologists","usgsCitation":"Schmid, W., Hanson, R.T., Faunt, C., and Phillips, S.P., 2015, Hindcast of water availability in regional aquifer systems using MODFLOW Farm Process, in Predictions for hydrology, ecology, and water resources management: Using data and models to benefit society, Prague, Czech Republic, September 15–18, 2008, p. 311-314.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"314","ipdsId":"IP-006401","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299883,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://web.natur.cuni.cz/hydropredict2008/"},{"id":342369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c62799d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":140408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156076,"text":"70156076 - 2015 - Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-14T15:57:21","indexId":"70156076","displayToPublicDate":"2008-11-05T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options","docAbstract":"Streams collect runoff, heat, and sediment from their watersheds, making them highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as urbanization and climate change. Forecasting the effects of these disturbances using process-based models is critical to identifying the form and magnitude of likely impacts. Here, we integrate a new biotic model with four previously developed physical models (downscaled climate projections, stream hydrology, geomorphology, and water temperature) to predict how stream fish growth and reproduction will most probably respond to shifts in climate and urbanization over the next several decades.
\nThe biotic submodel couples dynamics in fish populations and habitat suitability to predict fish assemblage composition, based on readily available biotic information (preferences for habitat, temperature, and food, and characteristics of spawning) and day-to-day variability in stream conditions.
\nWe illustrate the model using Piedmont headwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed of the USA, projecting ten scenarios: Baseline (low urbanization; no on-going construction; and present-day climate); one Urbanization scenario (higher impervious surface, lower forest cover, significant construction activity); four future climate change scenarios [Hadley CM3 and Parallel Climate Models under medium-high (A2) and medium-low (B2) emissions scenarios]; and the same four climate change scenarios plus Urbanization.
\nUrbanization alone depressed growth or reproduction of 8 of 39 species, while climate change alone depressed 22 to 29 species. Almost every recreationally important species (i.e. trouts, basses, sunfishes) and six of the ten currently most common species were predicted to be significantly stressed. The combined effect of climate change and urbanization on adult growth was sometimes large compared to the effect of either stressor alone. Thus, the model predicts considerable change in fish assemblage composition, including loss of diversity.Synthesis and applications. The interaction of climate change and urban growth may entail significant reconfiguring of headwater streams, including a loss of ecosystem structure and services, which will be more costly than climate change alone. On local scales, stakeholders cannot control climate drivers but they can mitigate stream impacts via careful land use. Therefore, to conserve stream ecosystems, we recommend that proactive measures be taken to insure against species loss or severe population declines. Delays will inevitably exacerbate the impacts of both climate change and urbanization on headwater systems.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K.C., Palmer, M., Pizzuto, J.E., Moglen, G.E., Angermeier, P.L., Hilderbrand, R.H., Dettinger, M., and Hayhoe, K., 2015, Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 154-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-008736","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01599.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cf112ae4b01487cbfc77b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Karen C.","contributorId":32864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, Margaret A.","contributorId":102429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Margaret A.","affiliations":[{"id":13383,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 6 Solomons, Maryland 20688","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pizzuto, James E.","contributorId":49424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13220,"text":"The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moglen, Glenn E.","contributorId":106585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moglen","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13220,"text":"The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. biota@usgs.gov","contributorId":1432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":613,"text":"Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hilderbrand, Robert H.","contributorId":140410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettinger, Mike 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Mike","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayhoe, Katharine","contributorId":35624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayhoe","given":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70154831,"text":"70154831 - 2015 - Dealing with largemouth bass virus: benefits of multisector collaboration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-08T14:14:06","indexId":"70154831","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dealing with largemouth bass virus: benefits of multisector collaboration","docAbstract":"
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a recently identified pathogen, affected largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the southeastern United States beginning in the 1990s. Concern about the impacts of this little-known pathogen on largemouth bass populations, effects on fisheries management, and the need to provide anglers and the media with consistent and accurate information prompted a private organization (Bass Anglers Sportsman Society) to invite managers and researchers from state and federal agencies and universities to a series of five annual public workshops beginning in 2000. These workshops provided a mechanism to share information, identify and prioritize action items, and develop consensus information and outreach materials that could be provided to bass anglers and the media. Regionalizing the LMBV issue and collaboration among researchers, managers, and a fishing organization may also have allayed angler and media concerns. The process embodied in these workshops is offered as a successful example of multi-agency, multi-sector collaboration to facilitate information acquisition and guide action to address a regional fisheries management issue.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the annual conference southeastern association of fish and wildlife agencies","conferenceTitle":"Annual conference southeastern association of fish and wildlife agencies","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Terre, D.R., Schramm, H., Grizzle, J.M., and Fries, L.T., 2015, Dealing with largemouth bass virus: benefits of multisector collaboration, in Proceedings of the annual conference southeastern association of fish and wildlife agencies, v. 6, p. 112-119.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-016308","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d28babe4b0571647d0f927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terre, David R.","contributorId":174500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terre","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, Harold Jr. hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":145495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, John M.","contributorId":174501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grizzle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fries, Loraine T.","contributorId":174502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fries","given":"Loraine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77024,"text":"twri09 - 2015 - National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T15:20:19","indexId":"twri09","displayToPublicDate":"2004-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"09","title":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","docAbstract":"The mission of the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide the information and understanding needed for wise management of the Nation's water resources. Inherent in this mission is the responsibility to collect data that accurately describe the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of water systems. These data are used for environmental and resource assessments by the USGS, other government agenices and scientific organizations, and the general public. Reliable and quality-assured data are essential to the credibility and impartiality of the water-resources appraisals carried out by the USGS. The development and use of a National Field Manual is necessary to achieve consistency in the scientific methods and procedures used, to document those methods and procedures, and to maintain technical expertise. USGS field personnel use this manual to ensure that the data collected are of the quality required to fulfill our mission.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/twri09","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09, Continually updated (Chapters A1-A9); Available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09.","productDescription":"Continually updated (Chapters A1-A9); Available online","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":321360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69877b"} ,{"id":57074,"text":"tm2A1 - 2015 - General classification handbook for floodplain vegetation in large river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T12:47:45","indexId":"tm2A1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2-A1","title":"General classification handbook for floodplain vegetation in large river systems","docAbstract":"This handbook describes the General Wetland Vegetation Classification System developed as part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) Program, Long Term Resource Monitoring (LTRM) element. The UMRR is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the states of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. The classification system consists of 31 general map classes and has been used to create systemic vegetation data layers throughout the diverse Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS), which includes the commercially navigable reaches of the Mississippi River from Minneapolis, Minnesota, in the north to Cairo, Illinois, in the south, the Illinois River, and navigable portions of the Kaskaskia, Black, St. Croix, and Minnesota Rivers. In addition, this handbook describes the evolution of the General Wetland Vegetation Classification System, discusses the process of creating a vegetation data layer, and describes each of the 31 map classes in detail. The handbook also acts as a pictorial guide to each of the map classes as they may appear in the field, as well as on color-infrared imagery. This version is an update to the original handbook published in 2004.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Biological science in Book 2: Collection of environmental data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm2A1","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program, Long Term Resource Monitoring element","usgsCitation":"Dieck, J.J., Ruhser, J., Hoy, E.E., and Robinson, L.R., 2015, General classification handbook for floodplain vegetation in large river systems (Version 1.0: Originally posted August 2004; Version 2.0: December 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 2-A1, vii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm2A1.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm2A1/previous/index.html","text":"Index Page - Version 1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"TM2A-1"},{"id":311010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm2A1/tm2a1.pdf","text":"Report - Version 2","size":"42.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 2A-1"},{"id":311011,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm2A1/versionHist.txt","text":"Techniques and Methods 2-A1","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"TM 2A-1"},{"id":184046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm2A1/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 2004; Version 2.0: December 2015","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 1 of Section A: Biological science in Book 2 Collection of Environmental Data.","contact":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/
Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater (‘parr’) stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water (‘smolt’) is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
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We propose that this occurs potentially because the task seems so formidable. The primary goal of this paper is to initiate a dialogue within the geothermal community about: which geothermal uncertainties should receive the most attention and which uncertainty analysis methods could provide the greatest benefit for the advancement of the geothermal energy industry. In this paper, we discuss uncertainty quantification techniques that are applicable to geothermal exploration. In general, uncertainty associated with data acquisition/processing (i.e., objective uncertainty) is small compared to the uncertainty in interpretational space (i.e., subjective uncertainty) that lies between data points where extrapolation is required. Therefore, it is important to classify, assess, and quantify uncertainty to help select strategies to reduce uncertainty, and to better gauge the impact that separate uncertainties have on the overall likelihood of project success. In addition, geostatistics provides multiple quantitative methods for producing stochastic models which adhere to measured data and spatial correlation. The petroleum industry has successfully used both geostastistics and decision analysis methods to combine diverse and multiple types of uncertainties. We argue that instead of one single and final interpretation of the geothermal system, numerous interpretations may be more indicative of the possible subsurface scenarios, and these different scenarios can be evaluated using decision analyses and value of information methodologies. Lastly, we recommend that the potential power generation of a geothermal reservoir should be grounded in the geologic data and modeling for a specific field and their estimated uncertainties. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of many of these topics while a more complete review has been recently published in Witter et al. (2019).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Forty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Forty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 11-13, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Witter, J.B., Trainor-Guitton, W.J., and Siler, D.L., 2014, Uncertainty and risk evaluation during the exploration stage of geothermal development, in Proceedings, Forty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, v. 44, Stanford, CA, February 11-13, 2019, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104738","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366866,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/record_detail.php?id=29111"}],"volume":"44","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witter, Jeffrey B. 0000-0002-1357-1481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-1481","contributorId":211948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witter","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38365,"text":"Innovate Geothermal Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainor-Guitton, Whitney J. 0000-0002-5726-3886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-3886","contributorId":211949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trainor-Guitton","given":"Whitney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siler, Drew L. 0000-0001-7540-8244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-8244","contributorId":203341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siler","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203210,"text":"70203210 - 2014 - The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T08:29:02","indexId":"70203210","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-06T08:28:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection","docAbstract":"This study summarizes our investigation of the 17 May 2012 MW-RMT4.8 earthquake near Timpson, Texas, the largest earthquake recorded historically in eastern Texas. To identify preshocks and aftershocks of the 17 May event we examined the arrivals recorded at Nacogdoches (NATX) 30 km from the 17 May epicenter, at nearby USArray Transportable Array stations, and at eight temporary stations deployed between 26 May 2012 and mid-2013. At NATX we identified seven preshocks, the earliest occurring in April 2008. Reliably located aftershocks recorded by the temporary stations lie along a 6 km long NW-SE linear trend corresponding to a previously mapped basement fault that extends across the highest-intensity (MMI VII) region of the 17 May main shock. Earthquakes in this sequence are relatively shallow—with focal depths ranging from 1.6 to 4.6 km. Evidence supporting these depths include: hypocentral locations of exceptionally well-recorded aftershocks, S-P intervals at the nearest stations, and comparisons of synthetics and observed seismograms. Within 3 km of the linear trend of aftershock activity there are two Class II injection disposal wells injecting at 1.9 km depth beginning in August 2006 and February 2007, with injection rates averaging 42,750 m3/mo and 15,600 m3/mo, respectively. Several observations support the hypothesis that fluid injection triggered the Timpson sequence: well-located epicenters are situated near a mapped basement fault and near high-volume injection wells, focal depths are at or below the depths of injection, and the earliest preshock (April 2008) occurred after the onset of injection in 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010755","usgsCitation":"Frohlich, C., Ellsworth, W., Brown, W., Brunt, M., Luetgert, J., MacDonald, T.G., and Walters, S., 2014, The 17 May 2012 M4.8 earthquake near Timpson, East Texas: An event possibly triggered by fluid injection: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, p. 581-593, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010755.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"593","ipdsId":"IP-107698","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Timpson","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.44602966308594,\n 31.85948024535741\n ],\n [\n -94.34440612792969,\n 31.85948024535741\n ],\n [\n -94.34440612792969,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -94.44602966308594,\n 31.93934387957224\n ],\n [\n -94.44602966308594,\n 31.85948024535741\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frohlich, Cliff","contributorId":215118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frohlich","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34217,"text":"UT Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":194691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Wesley","contributorId":215119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39177,"text":"Austin State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunt, Michael","contributorId":215120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunt","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39178,"text":"Eagle Pass High School","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luetgert, James","contributorId":215121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":39179,"text":"USGS, volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacDonald, Tim G.","contributorId":215122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":39180,"text":"USGS (former)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walters, Steven","contributorId":152403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70055657,"text":"ofr20131024F - 2014 - Time-domain electromagnetic surveys at Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California, 2010–12","indexId":"ofr20131024F","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Time-Domain Electromagnetic Surveys at Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California, 2010–12","title":"Time-domain electromagnetic surveys at Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California, 2010–12"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70133479,"text":"ofr20131024H - 2014 - Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"ofr20131024H","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Gravity Survey and Interpretation of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","title":"Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 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2014 - Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California","indexId":"ofr20131024I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","displayTitle":"Aeromagnetic Data, Processing, and Maps of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, California","title":"Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70133887,"text":"ofr20131024A - 2014 - Introduction to the geologic and geophysical studies of Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024A","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Introduction to the Geologic and Geophysical Studies of Fort Irwin, California","title":"Introduction to the geologic and geophysical studies of Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 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2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024E","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":70199284,"text":"ofr20131024C - 2018 - Cenozoic geology of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California","indexId":"ofr20131024C","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","displayTitle":"Cenozoic Geology of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, California","title":"Cenozoic geology of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 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A generalized surficial geologic map along with field and borehole investigations conducted during 2010–11 provide a lithostratigraphic and structural framework for the area during the Cenozoic. Electromagnetic properties of resistivity were measured in the laboratory on hand and core samples, and compared to borehole geophysical resistivity data. These data were used in conjunction with ground-based time-domain and airborne data and interpretations to provide a framework for the shallow lithologic units and structure. Gravity and aeromagnetic maps cover areas ~4 to 5 times that of Fort Irwin. Each chapter includes hydrogeologic applications of the data or model results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2013–1024, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024.","productDescription":"9 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/ofr2013-1024_cover.pdf","text":"Cover image","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 79 time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings were collected in 12 groundwater basins in the U.S. Army Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC) study area to help improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the NTC. The TEM data are discussed in this chapter in the context of geologic observations of the study area, the details of which are provided in the other chapters of this volume. Selection of locations for TEM soundings in unexplored basins was guided by gravity data that estimated depth to pre-Tertiary basement complex of crystalline rock and alluvial thickness. Some TEM data were collected near boreholes with geophysical logs. The TEM response at locations near boreholes was used to evaluate sounding data for areas without boreholes. TEM models also were used to guide site selection of subsequent boreholes drilled as part of this study. Following borehole completion, geophysical logs were used to ground-truth and reinterpret previously collected TEM data. This iterative process was used to site subsequent TEM soundings and borehole locations as the study progressed. Although each groundwater subbasin within the NTC boundaries was explored using the TEM method, collection of TEM data was focused in those basins identified as best suited for development of water resources. At the NTC, TEM estimates of some lithologic thicknesses and electrical properties in the unsaturated zone are in good accordance with borehole data; however, water-table elevations were not easily identifiable from TEM data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Burgess, M.K., and Bedrosian, P.A., 2014, Time-domain electromagnetic surveys at Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California, 2010–12, chap. F of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024F.","productDescription":"Report: v, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044319","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/f/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/f/downloads/ofr2013-1024_f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The prairie pothole region (PPR) in the north-central United States and south-central Canada constitutes the most important waterfowl breeding area in North America. Projected long-term changes in precipitation and temperature may alter the drivers of waterfowl abundance: wetland availability and emergent vegetation cover. Previous studies have focused on isolated wetland dynamics, but the implications of changing precipitation on managed, river-fed wetlands have not been addressed. Using a structured decision making (SDM) approach, we derived optimal water management actions for 20 years at four river-fed National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in North and South Dakota under contrasting increasing/decreasing (+/−0.4 %/year) inflow scenarios derived from empirical trends. Refuge pool depth is manipulated by control structures. Optimal management involves setting control structure heights that have the highest probability of providing a desired mix of waterfowl habitat, given refuge capacities and inflows. We found optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge were essentially the same under increasing and decreasing inflow trends of 0.4 %/year over the next 20 years. Results suggest managed pools in the NWRs receive large inflows relative to their capacities. Hence, water availability does not constrain management; pool bathymetry and management tactics can be greater constraints on attaining management objectives than climate-mediated inflow. We present time-dependent optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge, which are resilient to the non-stationary precipitation scenarios we examined. Managers can use this information to provide a desired mixture of wildlife habitats, and to re-assess management objectives in reserves where pool bathymetry prevents attaining the currently stated objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8","usgsCitation":"Nicol, S., Griffith, B., Austin, J.E., and Hunter, C.M., 2014, Optimal water depth management on river-fed National Wildlife Refuges in a changing climate: Climatic Change, v. 124, no. 1, p. 271-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036088","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":314866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61002fe4b06e28e9c2539b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicol, Samuel","contributorId":58562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicol","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12496,"text":"CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Christine M.","contributorId":85717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193627,"text":"70193627 - 2014 - Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T08:21:42","indexId":"70193627","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","docAbstract":"We used the volcanic ash transport and dispersion model Ash3d to estimate the distribution of ashfall that would result from a modern-day Plinian supereruption at Yellowstone volcano. The simulations required modifying Ash3d to consider growth of a continent-scale umbrella cloud and its interaction with ambient wind fields. We simulated eruptions lasting 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month, each producing 330 km3 of volcanic ash, dense-rock equivalent (DRE). Results demonstrate that radial expansion of the umbrella cloud is capable of driving ash upwind (westward) and crosswind (N-S) in excess of 1500 km, producing more-or-less radially symmetric isopachs that are only secondarily modified by ambient wind. Deposit thicknesses are decimeters to meters in the northern Rocky Mountains, centimeters to decimeters in the northern Midwest, and millimeters to centimeters on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. Umbrella cloud growth may explain the extremely widespread dispersal of the ∼640 ka and 2.1 Ma Yellowstone tephra deposits in the eastern Pacific, northeastern California, southern California, and South Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005469","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2014, Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 8, p. 3459-3475, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005469.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3459","endPage":"3475","ipdsId":"IP-051368","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea9e4b0531197b27f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":140076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa R.","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189609,"text":"70189609 - 2014 - Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:14:46","indexId":"70189609","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence","docAbstract":"In this study, rock friction ‘stick-slip’ experiments are used to develop constraints on models of earthquake recurrence. Constant-rate loading of bare rock surfaces in high quality experiments produces stick-slip recurrence that is periodic at least to second order. When the loading rate is varied, recurrence is approximately inversely proportional to loading rate. These laboratory events initiate due to a slip rate-dependent process that also determines the size of the stress drop [Dieterich, 1979; Ruina, 1983] and as a consequence, stress drop varies weakly but systematically with loading rate [e.g., Gu and Wong, 1991; Karner and Marone, 2000; McLaskey et al., 2012]. This is especially evident in experiments where the loading rate is changed by orders of magnitude, as is thought to be the loading condition of naturally occurring, small repeating earthquakes driven by afterslip, or low-frequency earthquakes loaded by episodic slip. As follows from the previous studies referred to above, experimentally observed stress drops are well described by a logarithmic dependence on recurrence interval that can be cast as a non-linear slip-predictable model. The fault’s rate dependence of strength is the key physical parameter. Additionally, even at constant loading rate the most reproducible laboratory recurrence is not exactly periodic, unlike existing friction recurrence models. We present example laboratory catalogs that document the variance and show that in large catalogs, even at constant loading rate, stress drop and recurrence co-vary systematically. The origin of this covariance is largely consistent with variability of the dependence of fault strength on slip rate. Laboratory catalogs show aspects of both slip and time predictability and successive stress drops are strongly correlated indicating a ‘memory’ of prior slip history that extends over at least one recurrence cycle.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011184","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Tullis, T., Junger, J., Kilgore, B.D., and Goldsby, D.L., 2014, Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 12, p. 8770-8791, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011184.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"8770","endPage":"8791","ipdsId":"IP-059672","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tullis, Terry","contributorId":194801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tullis","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Junger, Jenni","contributorId":194802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Junger","given":"Jenni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldsby, David L.","contributorId":194803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsby","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188574,"text":"70188574 - 2014 - Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T15:58:43","indexId":"70188574","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California","docAbstract":"Debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the Transverse Ranges of southern California pose severe hazards to nearby communities and infrastructure. Frequent wildfires denude hillslopes and increase the likelihood of these hazardous events. Debris-retention basins protect communities and infrastructure from the impacts of debris flows and sediment-laden floods and also provide critical data for volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets. In this study, we supplement existing data for the volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets with newly acquired data to develop new empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment produced by watersheds located in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. The sediment volume data represent a broad sample of conditions found in Ventura, Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California.\n\nThe measured volumes of sediment, watershed morphology, distributions of burn severity within each watershed, the time since the most recent fire, triggering storm rainfall conditions, and engineering soil properties were analyzed using multiple linear regressions to develop two models. A “long-term model” was developed for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by both debris flows and floods at various times since the most recent fire from a database of volumes of sediment deposited by a combination of debris flows and sediment-laden floods with no time limit since the most recent fire (n = 344). A subset of this database was used to develop an “emergency assessment model” for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire (n = 92). Prior to developing the models, 32 volumes of sediment, and related parameters for watershed morphology, burn severity and rainfall conditions were retained to independently validate the long-term model. Ten of these volumes of sediment were deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire and were used to validate the emergency assessment model. The models were validated by comparing predicted and measured volumes of sediment. These validations were also performed for previously developed models and identify that the models developed here best predict volumes of sediment for burned watersheds in comparison to previously developed models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.008","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., and Santi, P.M., 2014, Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California: Engineering Geology, v. 176, no. 24, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-055505","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County, San Bernadino 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