{"pageNumber":"1248","pageRowStart":"31175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":21821,"text":"ofr97861 - 1997 - Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr97861","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-861","title":"Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97861","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Powell, R.E., Miller, F.K., Kennedy, S.A., Ruppert, K., Morton, G., and Cossette, P., 1997, Geologic-line attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-861, 103 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97861.","productDescription":"103 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0861/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51313,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0861/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51314,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0861/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R. E.","contributorId":93046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, S. A.","contributorId":106931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, K.R.","contributorId":87978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morton, G.L.","contributorId":44945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cossette, P. M. 0000-0002-9608-6595","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":36586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":21823,"text":"ofr97859 - 1997 - Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr97859","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-859","title":"Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97859","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Matti, J.C., Miller, F.K., Powell, R.E., Kennedy, S.A., Bunyapanasarn, T., Koukladas, C., Hauser, R.M., and Cossette, P., 1997, Geologic-point attributes for digital geologic-map data bases produced by the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), Version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-859, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97859.","productDescription":"51 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51315,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51316,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68807c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, F. K.","contributorId":10803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R. E.","contributorId":93046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, S. A.","contributorId":106931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bunyapanasarn, T.P.","contributorId":57100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunyapanasarn","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koukladas, Catherine","contributorId":89167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koukladas","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauser, R. M.","contributorId":47397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauser","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cossette, P. 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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97681","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rhea, S., 1997, Seismotectonic maps in the vicinity of the lower Wabash Valley, Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky – Digital spatial database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-681, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97681.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53427,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8103,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0681/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392868,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22994.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"lower Wabash Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa86a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21870,"text":"ofr97560 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and sediment-quality data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1992-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr97560","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-560","title":"Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and sediment-quality data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1992-96","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97560","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Olsen, L., Lorah, M., Marchand, E., Smith, B., and Johnson, M.A., 1997, Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and sediment-quality data for a freshwater tidal wetland, West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 1992-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-560, viii, 267 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97560.","productDescription":"viii, 267 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0560/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51361,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0560/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62788b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, L.D.","contributorId":97520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorah, M.M.","contributorId":29002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marchand, E.H.","contributorId":73233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, B.L.","contributorId":39740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, M. A.","contributorId":87088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23746,"text":"ofr97566 - 1997 - Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr97566","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-566","title":"Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996","docAbstract":"The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water pumping from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined parts of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined areas of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, and (4) chemistry of the ground water and surface water. In 1996, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,040 acre-feet, which is less than a 1-percent decrease from 1995. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer decreased by about 3 percent to 5,390 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer increased by about 9 percent to 1,650 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined area during 1996 were recorded in 11 of 13 wells, and the median change was a decline of about 2.7 feet as opposed to a decline of 1.8 feet for 1995. Water-level declines in the unconfined area were recorded in 11 of 18 wells, and the median change was a decline of 0.5 foot in 1996 as opposed to a decline of 0.1 foot in 1995. The average low-flow discharge at the Moenkopi streamflow-gaging station was 2.3 cubic feet per second in 1996. Streamflow-discharge measurements also were made at Laguna Creek, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash during 1996. Average low-flow discharge was 2.3 cubic feet per second at Laguna Creek, 0.4 cubic foot per second at Dinnebito Wash, and 0.2 cubic foot per second at Polacca Wash. Discharge was measured at three springs. Discharge from Moenkopi School Spring decreased by about 2 gallons per minute from the measurement in 1995. Discharge from an unnamed spring near Dennehotso decreased by 1.3 gallons per minute from the measurement made in 1995; however, discharge increased slightly at Burro Spring. Regionally, long-term water-chemistry data for wells and springs have remained stable.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97566","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., and Monroe, S.A., 1997, Ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-566, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97566.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0566/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0566/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e480fe4b07f02db4d6d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, Stephen A.","contributorId":103313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23236,"text":"ofr97710 - 1997 - Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T21:32:14.072717","indexId":"ofr97710","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-710","title":"Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97710","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., 1997, Geology of the southernmost part of Santa Clara County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-710, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97710.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-710/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393061,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22995.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Clara County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7306,\n 36.894\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 36.894\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121.7306,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -121.7306,\n 36.894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22188,"text":"ofr97598 - 1997 - Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem regional monitoring program results, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:21:24","indexId":"ofr97598","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-598","title":"Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem regional monitoring program results, 1996","docAbstract":"

As part of a regional monitoring program, water samples were collected in the San Francisco Bay estuary during 21 cruises from January through December 1996. Conductivity, temperature, light attenuation, turbidity, oxygen, and in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence were measured longitudinally and vertically in the main channel of the estuary from south of the Dumbarton Bridge in the southern part of the Bay to Rio Vista on the Sacramento River. Discrete water samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended participate matter, and dissolved oxygen. Water density was calculated from salinity, temperature, and pressure (depth), and is included in the data summaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97598","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Baylosis, J.I., Edmunds, J.L., Cole, B.E., and Cloern, J.E., 1997, Studies of the San Francisco Bay, California, estuarine ecosystem regional monitoring program results, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-598, iv, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97598.","productDescription":"iv, 203 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51624,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0598/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0598/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 38.15831665744203\n ],\n [\n -121.44012451171874,\n 38.15831665744203\n ],\n [\n -121.44012451171874,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.41925395973696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baylosis, Jelriza I.","contributorId":72820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baylosis","given":"Jelriza","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmunds, Jody L.","contributorId":10452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Brian E.","contributorId":18357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29154,"text":"wri974152 - 1997 - Spring contributions to water quantity and nitrate loads in the Suwannee River during base flow in July 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T20:39:17.241338","indexId":"wri974152","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4152","title":"Spring contributions to water quantity and nitrate loads in the Suwannee River during base flow in July 1995","docAbstract":"The Suwannee River flows through an area of north-central Florida where ground water has elevated nitrate concentrations. A study was conducted to determine how springs and other ground-water inflow affect the quantity and quality of water in the Suwannee River. The study was done on a 33-mile (mi) reach of the lower Suwannee River from just downstream of Dowling Park, Fla., to Branford, Fla. Water samples for nitrate concentrations (dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen) and discharge data were collected at 11 springs and 3 river sites during the 3-day period in July 1995 during base flow in the river. \r\n\r\nIn the study reach, all inflow to the river is derived from ground water. Measured springs and other ground-water inflow, such as unmeasured springs and upward diffuse leakage through the riverbed, increased the river discharge 47 percent over the 33-mi reach. The 11 measured springs contributed 41 percent of the increased discharge and other ground-water inflow contributed the remaining 59 percent. River nitrate loads increased downstream from 2,300 to 6,000 kilograms per day (kg/d), an increase of 160 percent in the 33-mi study reach. Measured springs contributed 46 percent of this increase and other ground-water inflow contributed the remaining 54 percent. \r\n\r\nThe study reach was divided at Luraville, Fla., into an 11-mi upper segment and a 22-mi lower segment to determine whether the ground-water inflows and nitrate concentrations were uniform throughout the entire study reach (fig. 1). The two segments were dissimilar. The amount of water added to the river by measured springs more than tripled from the upper to the lower segment. Even though the median nitrate concentration for the three springs in the upper segment (1.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L)) was similar to the median for the eight springs in the lower segment (1.8 mg/L), nitrate concentrations in the river almost doubled from 0.46 to 0.83 mg/L in the lower segment. Only 11 percent of the increase in nitrate load for the study reach occurred in the upper segment; the remaining 89 percent occurred in the lower segment. Measured springs were the major source of nitrate load in the upper reach and other ground-water inflow was the major source in the lower segment. \r\n\r\nDifferences in nitrate loads between the upper and lower river segments are probably controlled by such factors as differences in the magnitude of the spring discharges, the size and location of spring basins, and the hydrologic characteristics of ground water in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974152","usgsCitation":"Pittman, J.R., Hatzell, H.H., and Oaksford, E., 1997, Spring contributions to water quantity and nitrate loads in the Suwannee River during base flow in July 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4152, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974152.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58028,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391883,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48768.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.25,\n 29.9444\n ],\n [\n -82.9167,\n 29.9444\n ],\n [\n -82.9167,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 29.9444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4db248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, J. R.","contributorId":71571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatzell, H. H.","contributorId":7732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzell","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oaksford, E. T.","contributorId":64284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oaksford","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28388,"text":"wri974146 - 1997 - Nitrate in ground water and stream base flow in the lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T18:14:03.955789","indexId":"wri974146","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4146","title":"Nitrate in ground water and stream base flow in the lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"High concentrations of nitrate in both ground and surface water have been identified as a significant water-quality issue in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin. This report uses data collected by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in the basin and compares nitrate concentrations found in ground water and surface water on both a spatial and temporal basis and relates nitrate concentrations to land use. Nitrate concentrations in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and Maryland were higher in ground water than in surface water in agricultural areas underlain by carbonate bedrock and agricultural areas underlain by crystalline bedrock. Nitrate concentrations were higher in surface water than in ground water in urban areas underlain by carbonate bedrock. Nitrate concentrations also were higher in surface water than ground water in both agricultural and forested areas underlain by sandstone and shale. Nitrate concentrations in ground water vary in areas with different land use and bedrock type. Ground-water nitrate concentrations were highest in agricultural areas underlain by carbonate bedrock, where 45 percent of the samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter as N). Waters from 36 percent of the wells in agricultural areas underlain by crystalline bedrock also had nitrate concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. Nitrate concentrations in water from wells in urban areas underlain by carbonate bedrock and in forested and agricultural areas underlain by sandstone and shale seldom exceeded the MCL. Nitrate concentrations were generally higher in surface water in areas underlain by carbonate bedrock than in areas underlain by noncarbonate bedrock; however, when an agricultural area underlain by carbonate bedrock and an agricultural area underlain by sandstone and shale with similar manure application rates were compared, nitrate concentrations in surface water were not significantly different. A comparison of three agricultural areas underlain by carbonate bedrock shows that the manure application rate is strongly correlated with nitrate concentration. Nitrate concentrations in stream base flow at seven sites where samples were collected throughout the year were commonly higher in the winter months than in the summer months. A statistically significant correlation between streamflow and nitrate concentration existed for six of the seven sites, indicating that seasonal variability in precipitation may be the cause of some of the seasonal variation in concentration. Other possible explanations for this variation include the seasonal cycle in plant uptake of nitrogen and seasonal fluctuations in uptake of nitrate by algae in streams. Because no information was available about the traveltime for ground water, interpretation of this temporal variation was not conclusive. Estimates of base-flow loads and yields of nitrate showed that agricultural areas underlain by carbonate bedrock provide the highest yield of nitrate when compared with the other areas studied. Agricultural areas underlain by sandstone and shale and crystalline bedrock also provide large amounts of nitrate to the river. The large amount of nitrate in the water from these areas cause a significant increase in nitrate loads transported by the Susquehanna River to the Chesapeake Bay. Urban areas underlain by carbonate bedrock had a high yield of nitrate but comprise such a small part of the basin that the nitrate load from these areas was small. In contrast, forested areas underlain by sandstone and shale bedrock had low base-flow nitrate yields, but these areas comprise a large percentage of the basin, making the overall nitrate load from these areas high.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974146","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Loper, C.A., and Hainly, R.A., 1997, Nitrate in ground water and stream base flow in the lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4146, x, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974146.","productDescription":"x, 66 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48765.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4146/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lower Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.0312802515173,\n 39.37654998254354\n ],\n [\n -75.59025216167541,\n 40.31544220390941\n ],\n [\n -77.37130977847079,\n 41.40120076932351\n ],\n [\n -79.21229001212207,\n 40.40739063616559\n ],\n [\n -78.94800356446362,\n 39.908606716896145\n ],\n [\n -77.16646073899273,\n 39.6554483262851\n ],\n [\n -76.0312802515173,\n 39.37654998254354\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, Connie A.","contributorId":62243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hainly, Robert A. rahainly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"Robert","email":"rahainly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27031,"text":"wri954132 - 1997 - Effect of faulting on ground-water movement in the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-06T14:43:18","indexId":"wri954132","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4132","title":"Effect of faulting on ground-water movement in the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"

This study characterizes the hydrogeologic system of the Death Valley region, an area covering approximately 100,000 square kilometers. The study also characterizes the effects of faults on ground-water movement in the Death Valley region by synthesizing crustal stress, fracture mechanics, and structural geologic data. The geologic conditions are typical of the Basin and Range Province; a variety of sedimentary and igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks have been subjected to both compressional and extensional deformation. Faulting and associated fracturing is pervasive and greatly affects ground-water flow patterns. Faults may become preferred conduits or barriers to flow depending on whether they are in relative tension, compression, or shear and other factors such as the degree of dislocations of geologic units caused by faulting, the rock types involved, the fault zone materials, and the depth below the surface.

\n

The current crustal stress field was combined with fault orientations to predict potential effects of faults on the regional groundwater flow regime. Numerous examples of faultcontrolled ground-water flow exist within the study area. Hydrologic data provided an independent method for checking some of the assumptions concerning preferential flow paths.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Faunt, C., 1997, Effect of faulting on ground-water movement in the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4132, Report: v, 42 p.; 1 Plate: 27.83 x 31.39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954132.","productDescription":"Report: v, 42 p.; 1 Plate: 27.83 x 31.39 inches","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309693,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27116,"text":"wri954211B - 1997 - Stream habitat characteristics of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T15:03:31","indexId":"wri954211B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"B","title":"Stream habitat characteristics of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"

Habitat characteristics of 11 fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1993 through 1995 as part of the ecological assessment of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Evaluation of habitat consisted of more than 75 measurements at three spatial levels: drainage basin, stream segment between major tributaries (length from 1 to 14 kilometers), and stream reach (approximately 150 meters). The 11 fixed sites consisted of 8 \"indicator\" sites with drainage basins that differ in bedrock type, surficial deposits, and land use; and 3 \"integrator\" sites with drainage basins that contain a mixture of bedrock type, surficial deposits, and land use. Spatial and temporal variations in habitat characteristics are described and compared. Comparisons are limited to indicator sites except for comparisons amongbasin characteristics, which include all fixed sites. Two habitat classification schemes used in Wisconsin and Michigan were used to rank the quality of habitat in indicator streams. Reach-level data were collected at two additional reaches at three of the indicator sites to assess the representativeness of the reach for overall stream conditions.

\n

Although the number of sites is small, statistical analyses indicate that spatial distribution of several characteristics can be related to land use, geology, topography, and width of the riparian zone. Land use and geology, in combination, appeared to be important factors in controlling flood magnitudes. Annual mean flow was correlated with basin shape and drainage density and low flow was correlated with permeability of soils in the basin.

\n

At the reach level, a wide variety of characteristics were observed at the eight indicator sites, with many of the characteristics significantly different between sites. Spatial differences in some reach characteristics can be attributed to the percentage of agriculture in the drainage basin, type of surficial deposits, and width of the riparian zone. Temporal variability in width, depth, and velocity can be attributed to variable flow conditions; whereas temporal variability in streambank measurements are attributed to problematic identification of the boundary between the flood plain and streambanks.

\n

Data from multiple-reach sites indicate that the primary reach adequately represented the variability found within the stream segment for depth, streambank stability index, and canopy angle. However, velocity, dominant substrate type, embeddedness, streambank height, streambank angle, and streambank vegetative stability differed among the multiple reaches at one or more of the three sites.

\n

Correlation analyses of habitat characteristics with median concentrations of four nutrients, pH, and specific conductance indicates that dissolved nitrate plus nitrite concentrations are related to percentage of agriculture in the basin and fine-grained sediment deposition in the reach. Geology and land use appear to be major influences on pH, but their influence on specific conductance, although expected, was not confirmed in this study. Habitat evaluation scores at the eight indicator sites ranged from poor to good. Scores were correlated to the percentage of agricultural or urban land in the drainage basins, width of the riparian zone, and streambank stability index.

\n

Results from this study illustrate the need for collection of habitat data at multiple scales along with water-chemistry data for determining major influences on distribution of aquatic communities. These results also indicate the importance of collecting land use, geological, and geomorphic information at the drainage-basin level to adequately describe how natural and human factors influence local aquatic habitat conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954211B","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., and Giddings, E., 1997, Stream habitat characteristics of fixed sites in the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211B.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 46.384833223492784\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a517d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.","contributorId":59076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29473,"text":"wri974174 - 1997 - Nitrate (NO2+NO3–N) in ground water of the Upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1991–95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:49:52.397216","indexId":"wri974174","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4174","displayTitle":"Nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) in ground water of the Upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1991-95","title":"Nitrate (NO2+NO3–N) in ground water of the Upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1991–95","docAbstract":"Factors related to contamination of ground water by dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (NO2+NO3-N) in parts of the upper Snake River Basin were evaluated at regional and local scales. Regional-scale relations between NO2+NO3-N concentrations and depth to first-encountered ground water, land use, precipitation, and soils were evaluated using a geographic information system. Local-scale relations between NO 2+NO3-N concentrations and other nutrients, major ions, nitrogen isotopes, stable isotopes, and tritium in five areas with different hydrogeologic settings, land use, and sources of irrigation water were evaluated to determine the factors causing differences in NO2+NO3-N. Data were collected and analyzed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which began in 1991.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","doi":"10.3133/wri974174","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 1997, Nitrate (NO2+NO3–N) in ground water of the Upper Snake River basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1991–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4174, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974174.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4174/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58319,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4174/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394626,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48788.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.250,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 44.5667\n ],\n [\n -115.250,\n 44.5667\n ],\n [\n -115.250,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69744b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30016,"text":"wri954211C - 1997 - Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T14:30:37","indexId":"wri954211C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"C","title":"Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"

Fish communities were surveyed at 20 wadable stream sites during 1993-95 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water- Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's assessment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages. Part of the NAWQA design is to incorporate ecological data into an overall environmental assessment. Collection of fish-community data was part of this ecological assessment.

\n

The Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area is located in eastern Wisconsin and parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. To isolate the effects of individual factors on stream quality, the study area was subdivided into 28 environmental settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHUs), on the basis of land use/land cover, texture of surficial deposits, and bedrock geology. A fixed monitoring site was established on a wadable stream within 8 of these RHUs to determine the status and trends of water quality in a representative stream. Water-quality characteristics, ecological- community data, and stream-habitat factors were measured at these sites during 1993- 95.

\n

Fish communities were sampled at the 8 wadable fixed sites once a year during 1993-95. At three of these sites, multiple-reach samples were collected in 1994 to determine within-site variation. Fish communities also were sampled at an additional 12 sites, 11 in 1993 and one in 1995, within the 6 largest RHUs. The sites, 1-3 per each of the 6 RHUs, were located on streams with drainage basins of similar size as the fixed sites within the same RHUs.

\n

A total of 44 fish species from 12 families were collected at the 20 sites. The family with the most species represented were the minnows. The number of species per site ranged from one at a small urban site (Lincoln Creek) in 1995 to 21 at an agricultural site (North Branch Milwaukee River) in 1995. The number of individuals collected in one sampling pass ranged from 21 at a stream in the forested northwest part of the study area (Peshekee River) in 1995 to 498 at an agricultural site (East River) in 1995. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were collected at 17 sites, the most of any species. Species that are indicative of a coldwater environment were collected at 12 sites.

\n

Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of multiple-reach and multiple-year data indicated that species composition at each of these sites were fairly consistent between reaches and years. Thus, for simplicity, most analyses were done using 1993 data only.

\n

Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores on 1993 data ranged from very poor at a channelized urban site to excellent at 3 sites; 2 in primarily agricultural areas and 1 in a forested area. Seven sites each scored good or fair, and two sites scored poor. Sites with multiple-year or multiple-reach data did not vary significantly within the error factor of the IBI.

\n

DCA of fish-community data from 19 sites indicated that coldwater sites were tightly grouped, whereas warmwater sites showed a larger gradient. This was expected, given the potential for greater diversity among warmwater sites. Fixed sites were shown to be representative of the study area as a whole, while specific fish communities could not be attributed to particular RHUs.

\n

Cluster analysis revealed two major groups of sites and two outlier sites. The two groups represented coldwater and warmwater streams, while the outlier sites were the urban site and a species- rich site with high biotic integrity that drains primarily agricultural land.

\n

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil credibility was a significant predictor of species composition. Though not statistically significant, land use, soil permeability, and bedrock permeability also were indicated as predictors of fish-species composition by CCA.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954211C","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., 1997, Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211C.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 46.384833223492784\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28928,"text":"wri974061 - 1997 - Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:23:36","indexId":"wri974061","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4061","title":"Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95","docAbstract":"Water-quality and streamflow monitoring data, collected from 1983 to 1995, were analyzed for 34 stream and reservoir sites in a seven- county region within the upper Neuse and upper Cape Fear River Basins. Early data (1983-88) were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey water- quality studies and from the ambient water-quality monitoring network of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Analyses of major ions, nutrients, metals, trace elements, and synthetic organic compounds were compiled from samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1988 to 1995 as part of a continuing project to monitor the water quality of surface-water supplies in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, and from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources ambient water-quality monitoring network.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the results of analysis of consistently increasing or decreasing trends in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus species, suspended sediment, suspended solids, sodium, chloride, iron, manganese, zinc, and chlorophyll a from seasonal Kendall trend analysis on flow-adjusted concentrations for streams and concentrations in lakes. Total phosphorus concentrations also were tested for a step decrease in concentration (step trend) associated with the North Carolina phosphate-detergent ban of 1988. For some other constituents, insufficient data or values below laboratory detection limits precluded trend analysis.\r\n\r\nA regionwide decrease in total phosphorus, ranging from 25 to 81 percent was observed that coincided with increased phosphorus removal efforts at municipal wastewater-treatment facilities in the region and the statewide phosphate-detergent ban. Most sites had stable or decreasing trends in nitrogen concentrations; however, increasing trends occurred in the Neuse River near Clayton and at Smithfield, both of which are downstream from the developing Raleigh-Durham area. Chlorophyll a concentrations have increased by 17 to 52 percent per year at monitored reservoirs, except at Cane Creek Reservoir and Lake Michie where there was no trend. No significant trends in suspended- sediment concentrations were observed. Long-term sodium concentrations were available for only a few sites. Of these, decreasing concentrations were observed in the Neuse River at Smithfield and Cane Creek near Orange Grove, and an increasing concentration was observed in University Lake. At most sites, concentrations of manganese, iron, and zinc were stable. Decreasing iron trends were observed in Little River and Cane Creek Reservoirs and Lake Michie. Cane Creek Reservoir also had a decreasing manganese trend. Severn sites, all downstream from wastewater-treatment facilities, were analyzed for zinc trends. A decreasing trend was observed in two of these--Knap of Reeds Creek and Little Lick Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974061","usgsCitation":"Childress, C., and Bathala, N., 1997, Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4061, 18 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974061.","productDescription":"18 p. :ill. 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C.J.","contributorId":88734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bathala, Neeti","contributorId":60274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bathala","given":"Neeti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44585,"text":"wri974206 - 1997 - Recharge areas and quality of ground water for the Glen Canyon and valley-fill aquifers, Spanish Valley area, Grand and San Juan counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-06T15:18:33","indexId":"wri974206","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4206","title":"Recharge areas and quality of ground water for the Glen Canyon and valley-fill aquifers, Spanish Valley area, Grand and San Juan counties, Utah","docAbstract":"

The Spanish Valley area in southeastern Utah (fig. 1) is experiencing a rapid increase in development of residential and business property. In this report, the Spanish Valley area refers to the geographic area shown in figures 1, 3, and 4. This area includes Moab Valley, Spanish Valley, and the mesa area.-; to the northeast. Substantial development is taking place on the cast side of Spanish Valley, where the Navajo Sandstone, the Kaycnta Formation, and the Wingate Sandstone forn the Glen Canyon aquifer, wltich is the principal aquifer that supplies drinking water for the area. Additional business construction and subdivision development are occurring in Spanish Valley south of Moab, where valley-fill deposits make up a secondary aquifer that is used mostly for irrigation and stock watering but also for domestic drinking water. Because current (1995) sewage treatment facilities arc not adequate to accommodate the increase in development, county officials are concerned about protecting the ground-water resources from excess nitrate loading that might result if additional septic systems are used for the effluent disposal.

Traditional land use in the Spanish Valley area has been agricultural, but more subdivisions and small farms with horse pastures are being developed. Sumsion (1971) reported that water from five wells in the valley-fill aquifer contained nitrate concentrations that ranged from 9 to 26 mg/Las NO3 (2.0 to 5.87 mg/Las N). With the increased use of septic systems in the south end of the valley, nitrate plus nitrite concentrations might have increased in the valley-fill aquifer. Few data on nitrate plus nitrite concentration have been collected since 1968-69. Also, with the increased development, other types of contamination such as organic compounds might be infiltrating the valley-fill aquifer. Little or no sampling for organic compounds has been done in the valley-fill aquifer in Moab and Spanish Valleys.

To protect ground-water resources in Grand County, Grand County Commissioners would like to classify the ground-water system according to the Ground Water Quality Protection Administrative Rule R317-6 of the Utah Administrative Code (table I. part A. located on the back of this report) (Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, 1995). The code states that when sufficient information is available, entire aquifers or parts thereof may be classified by the lJLah Water Quality Board according to the quality of ground water contained therein. After classification, groundwater protection levels are established and used to regulate existing and potential sources of contamination to ground water from new and existing facilities within the classified area. This investigation was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Grand County; the city of Moab; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Grand County' the City of Moab; and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., and Susong, D.D., 1997, Recharge areas and quality of ground water for the Glen Canyon and valley-fill aquifers, Spanish Valley area, Grand and San Juan counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4206, 2 Plates: 34.33 x 24.63 inches and 24.42 x 34.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974206.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.33 x 24.63 inches and 24.42 x 34.41 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363539,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363542,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4206/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Grand County, San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.41666667\n ],\n [\n -109.37500000,\n 38.41666667\n ],\n [\n -109.37500000,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.6\n ],\n [\n -109.64166667,\n 38.41666667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019456,"text":"70019456 - 1997 - Dynamic deformations and the M6.7, Northridge, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T16:23:23.977686","indexId":"70019456","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic deformations and the M6.7, Northridge, California earthquake","docAbstract":"

A method of estimating the complete time-varying dynamic formation field from commonly available three-component single station seismic data has been developed and applied to study the relationship between dynamic deformation and ground failures and structural damage using observations from the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake. Estimates from throughout the epicentral region indicate that the horizontal strains exceed the vertical ones by more than a factor of two. The largest strains (exceeding ∼100 pstrain) correlate with regions of greatest ground failure. There is a poor correlation between structural damage and peak strain amplitudes. The smallest strains,∼35 pstrain, are estimated in regions of no damage or ground failure. Estimates in the two regions with most severe and well mapped permanent deformation, Potrero Canyon and the Granada-Mission Hills regions, exhibit the largest strains; peak horizontal strains estimates in these regions equal ∼1351 and ∼229 μstrain respectively. Of note, the dynamic principal strain axes have strikers consistent with the permanent failure features suggesting that, while gravity, sub-surface materials, and hydrologic conditions undoubtedly played fundamental roles in determining where and what types of failures occurred, the dynamic deformation field may have been favorably sized and oriented to initiate failure processes. These results support other studies that conclude that the permanent deformation resulted from ground shaking, rather than from static strains associated with primary or secondary faulting. They also suggest that such an analysis, either using data or theoretical calculations, may enable observations of paleo-ground failure to be used as quantitative constraints on the size and geometry of previous earthquakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(97)00011-0","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J.S., 1997, Dynamic deformations and the M6.7, Northridge, California earthquake: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 16, no. 7-8, p. 471-494, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(97)00011-0.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Northridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.63912192273753,\n 34.31335236387632\n ],\n [\n -118.63912192273753,\n 34.158572942513956\n ],\n [\n -118.46109137594402,\n 34.158572942513956\n ],\n [\n -118.46109137594402,\n 34.31335236387632\n ],\n [\n -118.63912192273753,\n 34.31335236387632\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0424e4b0c8380cd507e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24931,"text":"ofr97431 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Hollywood 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:14:05.120351","indexId":"ofr97431","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-431","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Hollywood 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.\n\nThis digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1997), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). 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More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97459","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R.F., and Campbell, R.H., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Newbury Park 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-459, Report: 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97459.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280301,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/"},{"id":280302,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/pdf/of1997-0459.pdf"},{"id":280303,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/import.aml"},{"id":280304,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-topo.e00.gz"},{"id":280305,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-foss.e00.gz"},{"id":280306,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":280307,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":280308,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":280309,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/newbry.tar.gz"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. 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Multiple GIS layers are being created for the purpose of deriving estimates of how much coal is owned and administered by the Federal government. Federal coal areas have a profound effect on land-management decisions. Regulatory agencies attempt to balance energy development with alternative land-use and environmental concerns.\r\n\r\nA GIS database of Federal lands used in energy resource assessments is being developed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to integrate information on status of public land, and minerals owned by the Federal government with geologic information on coal resources, other spatial data, coal quality characteristics, and coal availability for development.\r\n\r\nUsing national-scale data we estimate that approximately 60 percent of the area underlain by coal-bearing rocks in the conterminous United States are under Federal surface. Coal produced from Federal leases has tripled from about 12 percent of the total U.S. production in 1976 to almost 34 percent in 1995 (Energy Information Administration website ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/coal/cia_95_tables/t13p01.txt). The reason for this increase is demand for low-sulfur coal for use in power plants and the fact that large reserves of this low-sulfur coal are in the western interior U.S., where the Federal government owns the rights to most of the coal reserves.\r\n\r\nThe map was created using Arc/Info 7.0.3 on a UNIX system. 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[\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28690,"text":"wri974160 - 1997 - Regional water table (1996) and water-level changes in the Mojave River, the Morongo, and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T21:43:05.422353","indexId":"wri974160","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4160","title":"Regional water table (1996) and water-level changes in the Mojave River, the Morongo, and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Mojave River, the Morongo, and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins lie in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert Region of southern California. These basins supply ground water to local water districts, military bases, and private wells. The rapid growth in population in these basins, which is due, in part, to their proximity toLos Angeles, has increased the demand for water and, therefore, the need to understand the Mojave ground-water systems. Ground-water conditions for the Mojave River, the Morongo, and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins for 1996 and areas with significant changes in water levels are identified in this report. Water-level data were compiled for 632 wells in the study area during January-September 1996 to define the water- table surface and direction of ground-watermovement. These data were used to construct the water-table map included in this report. Also shown on the map are 31 hydrographs that show long-term water-level changes in the study area. Short-term water-level changes were determined and a water- level change map was made by comparing 1996 ground-water conditions to 1990-94 conditions in the Mojave ground-water basin and to 1994 conditions in the Morongo and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins. In general, ground-water levels and the direction of ground-water movement in the regional aquifer have not changed significantly since previously published maps (1995). However, the short-term water level did change at specific locations in all three ground-water basins. Water levels in the Mojave River ground-water basin had a maximum rise during the period 1992-96 of 52 feet and a maximum decline of 28. Water levels in the Morongo ground-water basin had a maximum rise of 66 feet and a maximum decline of 57 feet. The Fort Irwin ground-water basins, however, had relatively little change in water level with a maximum rise of 6 feet and a maximum decline of 8 feet. Hydrographs in the regional aquifer systemindicate a decline or, in some areas, no change in the water table during the period of record. Water levels in the shallow alluvial aquifer, generally within 1 mile of the Mojave River, fluctuate in response to streamflow. Ground-water levels rise during wet periods, when floodflows in the Mojave River recharge the shallow alluvial aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974160","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., and Christensen, A.H., 1997, Regional water table (1996) and water-level changes in the Mojave River, the Morongo, and the Fort Irwin ground-water basins, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4160, Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 37.83 × 36.26 iinches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974160.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 37.83 × 36.26 iinches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408065,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48774.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57532,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4160/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4160/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Mojave River, Morongo, and Fort Irwin ground-water basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.6667,\n 34.0833\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.0833\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.3458\n ],\n [\n -117.6667,\n 35.3458\n ],\n [\n -117.6667,\n 34.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29681,"text":"wri974155 - 1997 - Water Budget for the Island of Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri974155","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4155","title":"Water Budget for the Island of Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ground-water recharge is estimated from a monthly water budget calculated using long-term average rainfall and streamflow data, synthesized pan-evaporation data, and soil characteristics. The water-budget components are defined seasonally, through the use of monthly data, and spatially by geohydrologic areas, through the use of a geographic information system model.<\\p> \r\n\r\nThe long-term average ground-water recharge for Molokai was estimated for natural land-use conditions. The island-wide mean recharge rate for natural conditions is 189 million gallons per day, which is 34 percent of rainfall. The island-wide rainfall, direct runoff, and actual evapotranspiration are 552, 89, and 274 millions gallons per day, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri974155","usgsCitation":"Shade, P.J., 1997, Water Budget for the Island of Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4155, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974155.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shade, Patricia J.","contributorId":30618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shade","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28243,"text":"wri974138 - 1997 - Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T21:16:05.395063","indexId":"wri974138","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4138","title":"Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"

The Susquehanna River drains about 27,510 square miles in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, contributes nearly 50 percent of the freshwater discharge to the Chesapeake Bay, and contributes nearly 66 percent of the annual nitrogen load, 40 percent of the phosphorus load, and 25 percent of the suspended-sediment load from non-tidal parts of the Bay during a year of average streamflow. A reservoir system formed by three hydroelectric dams on the lower Susquehanna River is currently trapping a major part of the phosphorus and suspended-sediment loads from the basin and, to a lesser extent, the nitrogen loads.

In the summer of 1996, the U. S. Geological Survey collected bathymetric data along 64 cross sections and 40 bottom-sediment samples along 14 selected cross sections in the lower Susquehanna River reservoir system to determine the remaining sediment-storage capacity, refine the current estimate of when the system may reach sediment-storage capacity, document changes in the reservoir system after the January 1996 flood, and determine the remaining nutrient mass in Conowingo Reservoir. Results from the 1996 survey indicate an estimated total of 14,800,000 tons of sediment were scoured from the reservoir system from 1993 (date of previous bathymetric survey) through 1996. This includes the net sediment change of 4,700,000 tons based on volume change in the reservoir system computed from the 1993 and 1996 surveys, the 6,900,000 tons of sediment deposited from 1993 through 1996, and the 3,200,000 tons of sediment transported into the reservoir system during the January 1996 flood. The January 1996 flood, which exceeded a 100-year recurrence interval, scoured about the same amount of sediment that normally would be deposited in the reservoir system during a 4- to 6-year period.

Concentrations of total nitrogen in bottom sediments in the Conowingo Reservoir ranged from 1,500 to 6,900 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram); 75 percent of the concentrations were between 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. About 96 percent of the concentrations of total nitrogen consisted of organic nitrogen. Concentrations of total phosphorus in bottom sediments ranged from 286 to 1,390 mg/kg. About 84 percent of the concentrations of total phosphorus were comprised of inorganic phosphorus. The ratio of concentrations of plant-available phosphorus to concentrations of total phosphorus ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 percent; ratios generally decreased in a downstream direction.

About 29,000 acre-feet, or 42,000,000 tons, of sediment can be deposited before Conowingo Reservoir reaches sediment-storage capacity. Assuming the average annual sediment-deposition rate remains unchanged and no scour occurs due to floods, the reservoir system could reach sediment-storage capacity in about 17 years. The reservoir system currently is trapping about 2 percent of the nitrogen, 45 percent of the phosphorus, and 70 percent of the suspended sediment transported by the river to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Once the reservoir reaches sediment-storage capacity, an estimated 250-percent increase in the current annual loads of suspended sediment, a 2-percent increase in the current annual loads of total nitrogen, and a 70-percent increase in the current annual loads of total phosphorus from the Susquehanna River to Chesapeake Bay can be expected. If the goal of a 40-percent reduction in controllable phosphorus load from the Susquehanna River Basin is met before the reservoirs reach sediment-storage capacity, the 40-percent reduction goal will probably be exceeded when the reservoir system reaches sediment-storage capacity.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri974138","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., and Hainly, R.A., 1997, Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4138, Report: vi, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 24.75 x 31.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974138.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 24.75 x 31.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/wri19974138.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1997-4138"},{"id":365710,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365709,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365708,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394723,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48757.htm"},{"id":124979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 39.65328414777011\n ],\n [\n -76.08993530273438,\n 39.65328414777011\n ],\n [\n -76.08993530273438,\n 40.07491896000657\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 40.07491896000657\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 39.65328414777011\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hainly, Robert A. rahainly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"Robert","email":"rahainly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27032,"text":"wri954016 - 1997 - A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"wri954016","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4016","title":"A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques","docAbstract":"In support of Yucca Mountain site characterization studies, a hydrogeologic framework was developed, and a hydrogeologic map was constructed for the Death Valley region. The region, covering approximately 100,000 km 2 along the Nevada-California border near Las Vegas, is characterized by isolated mountain ranges juxtaposed against broad, alluvium-filled valleys. Geologic conditions are typical of the Basin and Range Province; a variety of sedimentary and igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks have been subjected to both compressional and extensional deformation. The regional ground-water flow system can best be described as a series of connected intermontane basins in which ground-water flow occurs in basin-fill deposits, carbonate rocks, clastic rocks, and volcanic rocks. Previous investigations have developed more site-specific hydrogeologic relationships; however, few have described all the lithologies within the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system.\r\n\r\nInformation required to characterize the hydrogeologic units in the region was obtained from regional geologic maps and reports. Map data were digitized from regional geologic maps and combined into a composite map using a geographic information system. This map was simplified to show 10 laterally extensive hydrogeologic units with distinct hydrologic properties. The hydraulic conductivity values for the hydrogeologic units range over 15 orders of magnitude due to the variability in burial depth and degree of fracturing. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Faunt, C., D’Agnese, F.A., and Turner, A.K., 1997, A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4016, Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 32 x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954016.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 32 x 30 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55910,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -115,38 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4959e4b0b290850ef155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, Frank A.","contributorId":47810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25916,"text":"wri974268 - 1997 - Distribution of dissolved pesticides and other water quality constituents in small streams, and their relation to land use, in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri974268","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4268","title":"Distribution of dissolved pesticides and other water quality constituents in small streams, and their relation to land use, in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, 1996","docAbstract":"Water quality samples were collected at sites in 16 randomly selected agricultural and 4 urban subbasins as part of Phase III of the Willamette River Basin Water Quality Study in Oregon during 1996. Ninety-five samples were collected and analyzed for suspended sediment, conventional constituents (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, and bacteria) and a suite of 86 dissolved pesticides. The data were collected to characterize the distribution of dissolved pesticide concentrations in small streams (drainage areas 2.6? 13 square miles) throughout the basin, to document exceedances of water quality standards and guidelines, and to identify the relative importance of several upstream land use categories (urban, agricultural, percent agricultural land, percent of land in grass seed crops, crop diversity) and seasonality in affecting these distributions. A total of 36 pesticides (29 herbicides and 7 insecticides) were detected basinwide. The five most frequently detected compounds were the herbicides atrazine (99% of samples), desethylatrazine (93%), simazine (85%), metolachlor (85%), and diuron (73%). Fifteen compounds were detected in 12?35% of samples, and 16 compounds were detected in 1?9% of samples. Water quality standards or criteria were exceeded more frequently for conventional constituents than for pesticides. State of Oregon water quality standards were exceeded at all but one site for the indicator bacteria E. coli, 3 sites for nitrate, 10 sites for water temperature, 4 sites for dissolved oxygen, and 1 site for pH. Pesticide concentrations, which were usually less than 1 part per billion, exceeded State of Oregon or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life toxicity criteria only for chlorpyrifos, in three samples from one site; such criteria have been established for only two other detected pesticides. However, a large number of unusually high concentrations (1?90 parts per billion) were detected, indicating that pesticides in the runoff sampled in these small streams were more highly concentrated than in the larger streams sampled in previous studies. These pulses could have had short term toxicological implications for the affected streams; however, additional toxicological assessment of the detected pesticides was limited because of a lack of available information on the response of aquatic life to the observed pesticide concentrations. Six pesticides, including atrazine, diuron, and metolachlor, had significantly higher (p<0.08 for metolachlor, p<0.05 for the other five) median concentrations at agricultural sites than at urban sites. Five other compounds ?carbaryl, diazinon, dichlobenil, prometon, and tebuthiuron?had significantly higher (p<0.05) concentrations at the urban sites than at the agricultural sites. Atrazine, metolachlor, and diuron also had significantly higher median concentrations at southern agricultural sites (dominated by grass seed crops) than northern agricultural sites. Other compounds that had higher median concentrations in the south included 2,4-D and metribuzin, which are both used on grass seed crops, and triclopyr, bromacil, and pronamide. A cluster analysis of the data grouped sites according to their pesticide detections in a manner that was almost identical to a grouping made solely on the basis of their upstream land use patterns (urban, agricultural, crop diversity, percentage of basin in agricultural production). In this way inferences about pesticide associations with different land uses could be drawn, illustrating the strength of these broad land use categories in determining the types of pesticides that can be expected to occur. Among the associations observed were pesticides that occurred at a group of agricultural sites, but which have primarily noncropland uses such as vegetation control along rights-of-way. Also, the amount of forested land in a basin was negatively associated with pesticide occurrence, sugges","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974268","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Wood, T.M., and Morace, J.L., 1997, Distribution of dissolved pesticides and other water quality constituents in small streams, and their relation to land use, in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4268, vii, 87 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm. +one CD-ROM in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974268.","productDescription":"vii, 87 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm. +one CD-ROM in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2100,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://or.water.usgs.gov/pubs_dir/Abstracts/97-4268.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64868c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morace, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8132-4044 jlmorace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-4044","contributorId":945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morace","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmorace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28136,"text":"wri974143 - 1997 - Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri974143","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4143","title":"Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice melt were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington to determine the winter and net balances for the 1996 balance year. The 1996 winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 2.94 meters, and the net balance was 0.10meter. The winter balance was approximately 0.6 meter greater than the 1977-95 average winter balance (2.30 meters). The net balance, which was positive for the first time since 1984, was more than a meter greater than the 1977-95 average net balance (-0.96 meter). The glacier retreated about 15 meters from its 1995 position. Runoff was measured from the glacier and an adjacent non-glacierized basin. Air temperature, precipitation, and barometric pressure were measured nearby. This report makes these data available to the glaciological and climatological community","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/wri974143","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1997, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4143, v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 16 illus.; 16 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974143.","productDescription":"v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 16 illus.; 16 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}