The degradation of organic carbon in subseafloor sediments on continental margins contributes to the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. Sediments in the Andaman Sea are composed of ~ 1% marine-derived organic carbon and biogenic methane is present. Our objective was to determine microbial abundance and diversity in sediments that transition the gas hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ) in the Andaman Sea. Microscopic cell enumeration revealed that most sediment layers harbored relatively low microbial abundance (103–105 cells cm−3). Archaea were never detected despite the use of both DNA- and lipid-based methods. Statistical analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed distinct microbial communities from above, within, and below the GHOZ, and GHOZ samples were correlated with a decrease in organic carbon. Primer-tagged pyrosequences of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that members of the phylum Firmicutes are predominant in all zones. Compared with other seafloor settings that contain biogenic methane, this deep subseafloor habitat has a unique microbial community and the low cell abundance detected can help to refine global subseafloor microbial abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS)","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01311.x","usgsCitation":"Briggs, B.R., Inagaki, F., Morono, Y., Futagami, T., Huguet, C., Rosell-Mele, A., Lorenson, T., and Colwell, F.S., 2015, Bacterial dominance in subseafloor sediments characterized by methane hydrates: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 88-98, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01311.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034664","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Andaman Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": 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Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morono, Yuki","contributorId":140944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morono","given":"Yuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13623,"text":"Geomicrobiology Group, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Futagami, Taiki","contributorId":140943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Futagami","given":"Taiki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13623,"text":"Geomicrobiology Group, Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huguet, Carme","contributorId":140941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huguet","given":"Carme","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13622,"text":"Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Edifici de Ciencies, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosell-Mele, Antoni","contributorId":140945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosell-Mele","given":"Antoni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13622,"text":"Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Edifici de Ciencies, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Colwell, Frederick S.","contributorId":140946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colwell","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148304,"text":"70148304 - 2015 - Intersexual allometry differences and ontogenetic shifts of coloration patterns in two aquatic turtles, Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T10:27:28","indexId":"70148304","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intersexual allometry differences and ontogenetic shifts of coloration patterns in two aquatic turtles, Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata","docAbstract":"Coloration can play critical roles in a species' biology. The allometry of color patterns may be useful for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for shaping the traits. We measured characteristics relating to eight aspects of color patterns from Graptemys oculifera and G. flavimaculata to investigate the allometric differences among male, female, and unsexed juvenile specimens. Additionally, we investigated ontogenetic shifts by incorporating the unsexed juveniles into the male and female datasets. In general, male color traits were isometric (i.e., color scaled with body size), while females and juvenile color traits were hypoallometric, growing in size more slowly than the increase in body size. When we included unsexed juveniles in our male and female datasets, our linear regression analyses found all relationships to be hypoallometric and our model selection analysis found support for nonlinear models describing the relationship between body size and color patterns, suggestive of an ontogenetic shift in coloration traits for both sexes at maturity. Although color is critical for many species' biology and therefore under strong selective pressure in many other species, our results are likely explained by an epiphenomenon related to the different selection pressures on body size and growth rates between juveniles and adults and less attributable to the evolution of color patterns themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1517","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Lindeman, P.V., and Lovich, J.E., 2015, Intersexual allometry differences and ontogenetic shifts of coloration patterns in two aquatic turtles, Graptemys oculifera and Graptemys flavimaculata: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 11, p. 2296-2305, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1517.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2296","endPage":"2305","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063446","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcade4b0d9246a9ec28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindeman, Peter V.","contributorId":140947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindeman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":13624,"text":"Edinboro University, Department of Biology and Health Services, 230 Scotland Rd., Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16444, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148308,"text":"70148308 - 2015 - The central uplift of Ritchey crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T09:33:15","indexId":"70148308","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The central uplift of Ritchey crater, Mars","docAbstract":"Ritchey crater is a ∼79 km diameter complex crater near the boundary between Hesperian ridged plains and Noachian highland terrain on Mars (28.8°S, 309.0°E) that formed after the Noachian. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of the central peak reveal fractured massive bedrock and megabreccia with large clasts. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectral analysis reveals low calcium pyroxene (LCP), olivine (OL), hydrated silicates (phyllosilicates) and a possible identification of plagioclase bedrock. We mapped the Ritchey crater central uplift into ten units, with 4 main groups from oldest and originally deepest to youngest: (1) megabreccia with large clasts rich in LCP and OL, and with alteration to phyllosilicates; (2) massive bedrock with bright and dark regions rich in LCP or OL, respectively; (3) LCP and OL-rich impactites draped over the central uplift; and (4) aeolian deposits. We interpret the primitive martian crust as igneous rocks rich in LCP, OL, and probably plagioclase, as previously observed in eastern Valles Marineris. We do not observe high-calcium pyroxene (HCP) rich bedrock as seen in Argyre or western Valles Marineris. The association of phyllosilicates with deep megabreccia could be from impact-induced alteration, either as a result of the Richey impact, or alteration of pre-existing impactites from Argyre basin and other large impacts that preceded the Ritchey impact, or both.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.001","usgsCitation":"Ding, N., Bray, V.J., McEwen, A.S., Mattson, S.S., Okubo, C.H., Chojnacki, M., and Tornabene, L., 2015, The central uplift of Ritchey crater, Mars: Icarus, v. 252, p. 255-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054841","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ritchey crater, Mars","volume":"252","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcb3e4b0d9246a9ec29d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ding, Ning","contributorId":140948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bray, Veronica J.","contributorId":85487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"Veronica","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mattson, Sarah S.","contributorId":74235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Chris H. 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":140482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew","contributorId":96576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tornabene, Livio L.","contributorId":11915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"Livio L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70148336,"text":"70148336 - 2015 - Functional skeletal morphology and its implications for locomotory behavior among three genera of myosoricine shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T09:16:18","indexId":"70148336","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2394,"text":"Journal of Morphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional skeletal morphology and its implications for locomotory behavior among three genera of myosoricine shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)","docAbstract":"Myosoricinae is a small clade of shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) that is currently restricted to the African continent. Individual species have limited distributions that are often associated with higher elevations. Although the majority of species in the subfamily are considered ambulatory in their locomotory behavior, species of the myosoricine genus Surdisorex are known to be semifossorial. To better characterize variation in locomotory behaviors among myosoricines, we calculated 32 morphological indices from skeletal measurements from nine species representing all three genera that comprise the subfamily (i.e., Congosorex, Myosorex, Surdisorex) and compared them to indices calculated for two species with well-documented locomotory behaviors: the ambulatory talpid Uropsilus soricipes and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus gibbsii. We summarized the 22 most complete morphological variables by 1) calculating a mean percentile rank for each species and 2) using the first principal component from principal component analysis of the indices. The two methods yielded similar results and indicate grades of adaptations reflecting a range of potential locomotory behaviors from ambulatory to semifossorial that exceeds the range represented by the two talpids. Morphological variation reflecting grades of increased semifossoriality among myosoricine shrews is similar in many respects to that seen for soricines, but some features are unique to the Myosoricinae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jmor.20365","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Stabile, F.A., 2015, Functional skeletal morphology and its implications for locomotory behavior among three genera of myosoricine shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): Journal of Morphology, v. 276, no. 5, p. 550-563, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20365.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"550","endPage":"563","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060667","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"276","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcaae4b0d9246a9ec28d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stabile, Frank A.","contributorId":140860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stabile","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148309,"text":"70148309 - 2015 - Evaluating rehabilitation efforts following the Milford Flat Fire: successes, failures, and controlling factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T09:34:07","indexId":"70148309","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating rehabilitation efforts following the Milford Flat Fire: successes, failures, and controlling factors","docAbstract":"Uncontrolled wildfire in arid and semiarid ecosystems has become an increasing concern in recent decades. Active rehabilitation of fire-affected areas is often quickly initiated to minimize long-term ecosystem damage. However, the complex soil-geomorphic-vegetation patterns and low and variable moisture conditions in these regions makes restoration challenging. To further inform these post-fire management decisions, we present results from 5 years of vegetation and sediment flux monitoring following the Milford Flat Fire in west-central Utah, USA. Our sampling design includes monitoring plots in areas not burned, areas burned but where no rehabilitation was attempted, and burned areas where various rehabilitation approaches were implemented. At each of the 25 plots, vegetation cover and composition data were collected annually, and wind-driven sediment flux was measured using passive dust traps. To evaluate effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments in establishing desired species and limiting dominance of undesired species, we analyzed the temporal response of individual species and functional groups as well as community-level multivariate responses. The warm and dry conditions that persisted for approximately 12 months post-treatment, coupled with the surface disturbing rehabilitation approaches used, resulted in near-surface dust fluxes several orders of magnitude higher in treated areas than in unburned or burned areas where no rehabilitation occurred. These dry conditions and high surface sediment flux limited the establishment of seeded species in rehabilitation areas for nearly 3 years. Post-fire rehabilitation did not limit dominance by invasive annual species of concern. Perennial species composition in the areas burned but not subject to post-fire rehabilitation was relatively similar to unburned throughout the study period. In contrast, the burned plots where rehabilitation was attempted were characterized by no (<3%) perennial cover or, in response to moister conditions, seeded forage species. These results suggest the post-fire rehabilitation efforts conducted in the lower elevation regions affected by the Milford Flat Fire were not generally successful. Though dry conditions are likely to blame for the lack of success, the low and variable precipitation characteristic of these regions suggest future post-fire rehabilitation decisions must assume that precipitation is going to be insufficient and plan rehabilitation efforts that are resilient to dry conditions.
Slipstream Slump, a well-preserved 3 km wide sedimentary failure from the frontal ridge of the Cascadia accretionary wedge 85 km off Vancouver Island, Canada, was sampled during Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) John P. Tully cruise 2008007PGC along a transect of five piston cores. Shipboard sediment analysis and physical property logging revealed 12 turbidites interbedded with thick hemipelagic sediments overlying the slumped glacial diamict. Despite the different sedimentary setting, atop the abyssal plain fan, this record is similar in number and age to the sequence of turbidites sampled farther to the south from channel systems along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, with no extra turbidites present in this local record. Given the regional physiographic and tectonic setting, megathrust earthquake shaking is the most likely trigger for both the initial slumping and subsequent turbidity currents, with sediments sourced exclusively from the exposed slump face of the frontal ridge. Planktonic foraminifera picked from the resedimented diamict of the underlying main slump have a disordered cluster of 14C ages between 12.8 and 14.5 ka BP. For the post-slump stratigraphy, an event-free depth scale is defined by removing the turbidite sediment intervals and using the hemipelagic sediments. Nine14C dates from the most foraminifera-rich intervals define a nearly constant hemipelagic sedimentation rate of 0.021 cm/year. The combined age model is defined using only planktonic foraminiferal dates and Bayesian analysis with a Poisson-process sedimentation model. The age model of ongoing hemipelagic sedimentation is strengthened by physical property correlations from Slipstream events to the turbidites for the Barkley Canyon site 40 km south. Additional modelling addressed the possibilities of seabed erosion or loss and basal erosion beneath turbidites. Neither of these approaches achieves a modern seabed age when applying the commonly used regional marine 14C reservoir age of 800 years (marine reservoir correction ΔR= 400 years). Rather, the top of the core appears to be 400 years in the future. A younger marine reservoir age of 400 years (ΔR = 0 years) brings the top to the present and produces better correlations with the nearby Effingham Inlet paleo-earthquake chronology based only on terrestrial carbon requiring no reservoir correction. The high-resolution dating and facies analysis of Slipstream Slump in this isolated slope basin setting demonstrates that this is also a useful type of sedimentary target for sampling the paleoseismic record in addition to the more studied turbidites from submarine canyon and channel systems. The first 10 turbidites at Slipstream Slump were deposited between 10.8 and 6.6 ka BP, after which the system became sediment starved and only two more turbidites were deposited. The recurrence interval for the inferred frequent early Holocene megathrust earthquakes is 460 ± 140 years, compatible with other estimates of paleoseismic megathrust earthquake occurrence rates along the subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2014-0131","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T., Enkin, R.J., Riedel, M., Rogers, G., Pohlman, J.W., and Benway, H.M., 2015, Slipstream: an early Holocene slump and turbidite record from the frontal ridge of the Cascadia accretionary wedge off western Canada and paleoseismic implications: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 52, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0131.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065348","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00496/60803/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Slipstream Slump","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.836669921875,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -128.836669921875,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -128.836669921875,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -128.836669921875,\n 45.4524242413431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.035400390625,\n 49.10983779052439\n ],\n [\n -124.815673828125,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -126.02416992187499,\n 48.268569112964336\n ],\n [\n -126.529541015625,\n 48.61838518688487\n ],\n [\n -125.035400390625,\n 49.10983779052439\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dcb2e4b0d9246a9ec29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T.S.","contributorId":140949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13625,"text":"Dept. of Chemistry and Geoscience Camosun College, Victoria, B.C.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enkin, Randolph J.","contributorId":75373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enkin","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riedel, Michael","contributorId":7518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogers, Gary C.","contributorId":41980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Gary C.","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pohlman, John W. jpohlman@usgs.gov","contributorId":139874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John","email":"jpohlman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benway, Heather M.","contributorId":140951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benway","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70136357,"text":"sir20145236 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-04T12:07:21","indexId":"sir20145236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5236","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line","docAbstract":"A series of nine digital flood-inundation maps were developed for an 8-mile reach of the Hoosic River in North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The coverage of the maps extends from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line. Peak flows with 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations, and to place the tropical storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current (2014) stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage Hoosic River near Williamstown, Massachusetts (01332500), and from documented high-water marks from the tropical storm Irene flood, which had approximately a 1-percent annual exceedance probability.
\nThe hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from 9 feet (ft; 624.45 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 1988]), which is near bankfull, to 16.1 ft (631.59 ft NAVD 1988), which exceeds the maximum recorded water level at the streamgage and the National Weather Service major flood stage of 13.0 ft. The mapped stages, 10.9 to 16.1 ft, were selected to match the stages of flows with annual exceedance probabilities between 20 and 0.2 percent, and thus do not fall at exact 1-ft increments. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
\nThe availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding current (near real-time) stage from USGS streamgage Hoosic River near Williamstown, and forecasted flood stages from the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, and post-flood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory, but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., and Bent, G.C., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the Hoosic River, North Adams and Williamstown, Massachusetts, from the confluence with the North Branch Hoosic River to the Vermont State line: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5236, Report: vi, 15 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145236.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 15 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059673","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science 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species throughout much of the USA, damaging aquatic communities where it is introduced. Therefore, identification of effective methods for its eradication from areas in which it is unwanted is important. We studied the effectiveness of two commercial formulations of rotenone, Chem Fish Regular and CFT Legumine, for virile crayfish control. Although both formulations were effective for fish eradication, earlier observations by fisheries managers suggested that the relative effectiveness of the two formulations differs for crayfish. The only noteworthy difference between the formulations is that the former contains a synergist. In our first experiment, we tested each toxicant at the maximum labeled dosage (5 ppm) and found CFT Legumine to be 100% ineffective (0% mortality), while the Chem Fish Regular treatment resulted in 12.5% mortality. After we deemed Chem Fish Regular to be the only toxicant with any effectiveness against virile crayfish, we tested concentrations from 5 to 50 ppm and found 10 times the maximum labeled dosage (50 ppm rotenone) was needed to kill all virile crayfish. Because crayfish burrow and can leave water, and because 100% eradication is usually desired, rotenone applied at the labeled rates will not be effective for crayfish control. However, treating a body of water with CFT Legumine to eradicate invasive fish while leaving desirable crayfish unharmed is possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1017127","usgsCitation":"Recsetar, M.S., and Bonar, S.A., 2015, Effectiveness of two commercial rotenone formulations in the eradication of virile crayfish Orconectes virillis: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 616-620, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1017127.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"620","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057198","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576bb6b2e4b07657d1a22896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Recsetar, Matthew S.","contributorId":67395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Recsetar","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189617,"text":"70189617 - 2015 - Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T11:12:18","indexId":"70189617","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake","docAbstract":"This paper reports the results of Part A of a study of the recorded strong-motion accelerations at the well-instrumented network of the two side-by-side parallel bridges over the Carquinez Strait during the 24 August 2014 (Mw6.0 ) South Napa, Calif. earthquake that occurred at 03:20:44 PDT with epicentral coordinates 38.22N, 122.31W. (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/poster/2014/20140824.php, last accessed on October 17, 2014). Both bridges and two boreholes were instrumented by the California Strong motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) of California Geological Survey (CGS) (Shakal et al., 2014). A comprehensive comparison of several ground motion prediction equations as they relate to recorded ground motions of the earthquake is provided by Baltay and Boatright (2015).","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150041","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Ghahari, S.F., and Taciroglu, E., 2015, Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 4, p. 1128-1134, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150041.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1134","ipdsId":"IP-063251","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carquinez Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.05113260504745\n ],\n [\n -122.21405982971191,\n 38.05113260504745\n ],\n [\n -122.21405982971191,\n 38.0732982168587\n ],\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.0732982168587\n ],\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.05113260504745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbae4b0d1f9f065a8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghahari, S. Farid","contributorId":194837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Farid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taciroglu, Ertugrul","contributorId":176616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"Ertugrul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148054,"text":"sim3321 - 2015 - Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:35:32.779584","indexId":"sim3321","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3321","title":"Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a digital geologic strip map of the southern parts of the contiguous White Ledge Peak and Matilija 7.5’ quadrangles in coastal southern California. With a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map to 2,000 feet on the ground), the map depicts the distribution of bedrock units, surficial deposits, and associated deformation adjacent to and south of the Arroyo Parida fault and in the southern Ojai Valley east of the Ventura River. This new compilation, combined with a recently published geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3001), completes a 69-km-long east-west mapping transect from Goleta to Ojai by the U.S. Geological Survey. These two contiguous geologic maps provide new insights and constraints on Neogene-through-Quaternary tectonic deformation and consequent landscape change, including geohazards in the urbanized southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
\nA principal aim of the new mapping and associated fault-kinematic measurements is to document and constrain the nature of transpressional strain transfer between various regional, potentially seismogenic faults. In the accompanying pamphlet, surficial and bedrock map units are described in detail as well as a summary of the structural and fault-kinematic framework of the map area. New biostratigraphic and biochronologic data based on microfossil identifications are presented in expanded unit descriptions of the marine Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations. Site-specific fault kinematic observations are embedded in the digital map database. This compilation provides a uniform geologic digital geodatabase and map plot files that can be used for visualization, analysis, and interpretation of the area’s geology, geologic hazards, and natural resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3321","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2015, Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3321, Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3321.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046251","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3321.jpg"},{"id":399002,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101922.htm"},{"id":300812,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Associated database files. Refer to the ReadMe and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300811,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map_geo.pdf","text":"Map georeferenced","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map georeferenced","linkHelpText":"Contains: Georeferenced pdf for users' convenience; no hillshade included."},{"id":300810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":300813,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3001/","text":"Related report: SIM 3001","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},{"id":300809,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County, Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55658b1ae4b0d9246a9eb5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135042,"text":"70135042 - 2015 - Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T11:59:32","indexId":"70135042","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5225,"text":"Rock Products","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States","docAbstract":"The practice of fracturing reservoir rock in the United States as a method to increase the flow of oil and gas from wells has a relatively long history and can be traced back to 1858 in Fredonia, New York, when a gas well situated in shale of the Marcellus Formation was successfully fractured using black powder as a blasting agent. Nearly all domestic hydraulic fracturing, often referred to as hydrofracking or fracking, is a process where fluids are injected under high pressure through perforations in the horizontal portion of a well casing in order to generate fractures in reservoir rock with low permeability (“tight”). Because the fractures are in contact with the well bore they can serve as pathways for the recovery of gas and oil. To prevent the fractures generated by the fracking process from closing or becoming obstructed with debris, material termed “proppant,” most commonly high-silica sand, is injected along with water-rich fluids to maintain or “prop” open the fractures. The first commercial application of fracking in the oil and gas industry took place in Oklahoma and Texas during the 1940s. In 1949, over 300 wells, mostly vertical, were fracked (ALL Consulting, LLC, 2012; McGee, 2012; Veil, 2012) and used silica sand as a proppant (Fracline, 2011). The resulting increase in well productivity demonstrated the significant potential that fracking might have for the oil and gas industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rock Products","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., 2015, Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States: Rock Products, v. 118, no. 5, p. 60-60.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-061248","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/103170641/estimates-hydraulic-fracturing-frac-sand-production-consumption-reserves-united-states"}],"volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f6e4b09065cdf30542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142283,"text":"70142283 - 2015 - Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T16:39:17","indexId":"70142283","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","docAbstract":"Regression of in-stream turbidity with concurrent sample-based suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) has become an accepted method for producing unit-value time series of inferred SSC (Rasmussen et al., 2009). Turbidity-SSC regression models are increasingly used to generate suspended-sediment records for Pacific Northwest rivers (e.g., Curran et al., 2014; Schenk and Bragg, 2014; Uhrich and Bragg, 2003). Recent work developing turbidity-SSC models for the North Fork Toutle River in Southwest Washington (Uhrich et al., 2014), as well as other studies (Landers and Sturm, 2013, Merten et al., 2014), suggests that models derived from annual or greater datasets may not adequately reflect shorter term changes in turbidity-SSC relations, warranting closer inspection of such relations. In-stream turbidity measurements and suspended-sediment samples have been collected from the North Fork Toutle River since 2010. The study site, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage 14240525 near Kid Valley, Washington, is 13 river km downstream of the debris avalanche emplaced by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981), and 2 river km downstream of the large sediment retention structure (SRS) built from 1987–1989 to mitigate the associated sediment hazard. The debris avalanche extends roughly 25 km down valley from the edifice of the volcano and is the primary source of suspended sediment moving past the streamgage (NF Toutle-SRS). Other significant sources are debris flow events and sand deposits upstream of the SRS, which are periodically remobilized and transported downstream. Also, finer material often is derived from the clay-rich original debris avalanche deposit, while coarser material can derive from areas such as fluvially reworked terraces.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015","conferenceTitle":"5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"US Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Uhrich, M.A., Spicer, K.R., Mosbrucker, A.R., and Christianson, T.S., 2015, Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis., in Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061916","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50408172607422,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -122.53498077392578,\n 46.210962348068314\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 46.18244521829928\n ],\n [\n -122.37361907958984,\n 46.17959269136383\n ],\n [\n -122.27611541748045,\n 46.18006812279714\n ],\n [\n -122.24006652832033,\n 46.17079646832833\n ],\n [\n -122.19680786132812,\n 46.216188883247405\n ],\n [\n -122.19715118408202,\n 46.258458011742235\n ],\n [\n -122.32864379882811,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -122.3650360107422,\n 46.27578368908797\n ],\n [\n -122.4367904663086,\n 46.30662407603325\n ],\n [\n -122.47936248779295,\n 46.31089291474789\n ],\n [\n -122.49927520751953,\n 46.30875853700599\n ],\n [\n -122.50545501708984,\n 46.302829273239325\n ],\n [\n -122.50408172607422,\n 46.30140615437332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5641d1bee4b0831b7d62e73c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christianson, Tami S. 0000-0002-6873-9229 tchristianson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":5986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","email":"tchristianson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171170,"text":"70171170 - 2015 - Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:18:28","indexId":"70171170","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","docAbstract":"Timing of ocean entry is critical for marine survival of both hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Management practices and barriers to migration such as dams may constrain timing of smolt migrations resulting in suboptimal performance at saltwater entry. We modeled influences of stocking location, smolt development, and environmental conditions on (i) initiation of migration by hatchery-reared smolts and (ii) movement rate of hatchery- and wild-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, from 2005 through 2014 using acoustic telemetry data. We also compared movement rates in free-flowing reaches with rates in reaches with hydropower dams and head ponds. We compared movement rates before and after (1) removal of two mainstem dams and (2) construction of new powerhouses. Initiation of movement by hatchery fish was influenced by smolt development, stocking location, and environmental conditions. Smolts with the greatest gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity initiated migration 24 h sooner than fish with the lowest gill NKA activity. Fish with the greatest cumulative thermal experience initiated migration 5 days earlier than those with lowest cumulative thermal experience. Smolts released furthest from the ocean initiated migration earlier than those released downstream, but movement rate increased by fivefold closer to the ocean, indicating behavioral trade-offs between initiation and movement rate. Dams had a strong effect on movement rate. Movement rate increased from 2.8 to 5.4 km·h−1 in reaches where dams were removed, but decreased from 2.1 to 0.1 km·h−1 in reaches where new powerhouses were constructed. Movement rate varied throughout the migratory period and was inversely related to temperature. Fish moved slower at extreme high or low discharge. Responses in fish movement rates to dam removal indicate the potential scope of recovery for these activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570","usgsCitation":"Stich, D.S., Kinnison, M.T., Kocik, J.F., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1339-1351, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060916","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.5,\n 44.7\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -68.8,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -68.8,\n 44.7\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 44.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccbde4b07e28b662dce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":139212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12606,"text":"University of Maine, Dept of Plant, Soil, & Envir Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocik, John F.","contributorId":103162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148195,"text":"ofr20151106 - 2015 - Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:27:39","indexId":"ofr20151106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1106","title":"Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","docAbstract":"Numerous water bodies in California are listed under the Clean Water Act as being impaired due to mercury (Hg) contamination. The Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP), via the Bioaccumulation Oversight Group (BOG), has recently completed statewide surveys of contaminants in sport fish tissue from more than 250 lakes and rivers in California and throughout coastal waters. This effort focused on human health issues but did not include beneficial uses by wildlife. Many piscivorous birds such as grebes, terns, cormorants, and mergansers eat fish smaller than those that were sampled by BOG, and sport fish Hg concentrations are not always indicative of wildlife exposure to Hg; therefore, the BOG surveys could not address whether wildlife were at risk due to Hg-induced reproductive impairment in these lakes.
\nWe used western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark’s grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) as our index of wildlife exposure to Hg in California lakes. Grebes are widely distributed in lakes throughout California and, as piscivorous waterbirds, are near the top of the food chain in lakes. Additionally, grebes become flightless after they arrive at their summer locations. Thus, grebes are useful representatives for wildlife risk from local, lake-specific contaminant exposure. Grebes also breed at many lakes throughout California, making them susceptible to impaired reproduction due to local Hg contamination.
\nWe developed a tool for estimating wildlife and sport fish risk from Hg exposure based on Hg concentrations in prey fish. This quantitative tool can be used to predict Hg concentrations in grebe blood, grebe eggs, and sport fish, thus facilitating a feasible alternative for adequately estimating wildlife exposure when more comprehensive wildlife sampling is not possible. Specifically, we sampled grebes, prey fish, and sport fish simultaneously at 25 lakes throughout California during the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013 when breeding birds are particularly vulnerable to Hg-induced reproductive impairment. We selected lakes based on a combination of factors, including lakes
\nUsing these factors ensured that our results are representative of a broad range of lakes and reservoirs in California and are comparable to prior BOG studies.
\nSpecifically, we addressed three management questions:
\nIn less than 200 pages, Thom van Dooren aims in his ambitious book, Flight Ways, to reconnect humans empathetically with the rest of the planet's inhabitants, but especially vanishing species. This is asking a lot, but he succeeds—or at least makes great strides—using evocative storytelling and compelling discourse. A number of themes are carefully woven together with the goal of awakening sensitivities, building understanding, and motivating commitment to stopping the decline of populations and species. As one who works in the field of endangered Hawaiian bird research, I found this book illuminating, thought-provoking, and insightful. It probes deeply into the evolution, ecology, and ethics of our interactions with other species and offers useful lessons for thinking about endangered species and extinction in more meaningful ways. It will likely spur self-examination and further inquiry by readers, which can open new lines of communication with the general public about conservation.
\nReview info: Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction. By Thom van Dooren, 2014. ISBN 978-0231166188, 193 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12101","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., 2015, Book review: Flight ways: Life and loss at the edge of extinction.: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 180-182, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12101.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062744","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbc7e4b06a3ea36c8b01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243861,"text":"70243861 - 2015 - End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T15:05:42.814122","indexId":"70243861","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-23T15:56:20","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","docAbstract":"A quantitative understanding of snow thickness and snow water equivalent (SWE) on glaciers is essential to a wide range of scientific and resource management topics. However, robust SWE estimates are observationally challenging, in part because SWE can vary abruptly over short distances in complex terrain due to interactions between topography and meteorological processes. In spring 2013, we measured snow accumulation on several glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska using both ground- and helicopter-based ground-penetrating radar surveys, complemented by extensive ground truth observations. We found that SWE can be highly variable (40% difference) over short spatial scales (tens to hundreds of meters), especially in the ablation zone where the underlying ice surfaces are typically rough. Elevation provides the dominant basin-scale influence on SWE, with gradients ranging from 115 to 400 mm/100 m. Regionally, total accumulation and the accumulation gradient are strongly controlled by a glacier's distance from the coastal moisture source. Multiple linear regressions, used to calculate distributed SWE fields, show that robust results require adequate sampling of the true distribution of multiple terrain parameters. Final SWE estimates (comparable to winter balances) show reasonable agreement with both the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model climate data set (9–36% difference) and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Benchmark Glaciers (6–36% difference). All the glaciers in our study exhibit substantial sensitivity to changing snow-rain fractions, regardless of their location in a coastal or continental climate. While process-based SWE projections remain elusive, the collection of ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-derived data sets provides a greatly enhanced perspective on the spatial distribution of SWE and will pave the way for future work that may eventually allow such projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003539","usgsCitation":"Mcgrath, D., Sass, L., O’Neel, S., Arendt, A., Wolken, G., Gusmeroli, A., Kienholz, C., and McNeil, C., 2015, End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 8, p. 1530-1550, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003539.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1530","endPage":"1550","ipdsId":"IP-064450","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003539","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072BV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Valdez Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F769M4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eklutna Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M35","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eureka Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TH8JRR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438696,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2M16","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data,Taku Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G73BRH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Wolverine Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1V81","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Scott Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":417368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 62.938908091713984\n ],\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 57.55690540490215\n ],\n [\n -137.04945194161488,\n 57.55690540490215\n ],\n [\n -137.04945194161488,\n 62.938908091713984\n ],\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 62.938908091713984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":220417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony 0000-0003-0429-6905","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-6905","contributorId":220394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolken, Gabriel","contributorId":305685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolken","given":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gusmeroli, Alessio 0000-0002-8355-5591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5591","contributorId":220395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gusmeroli","given":"Alessio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40163,"text":"U of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kienholz, Christian 0000-0001-7962-4446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-4446","contributorId":220396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienholz","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70147415,"text":"sir20155061 - 2015 - Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:19:32","indexId":"sir20155061","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5061","title":"Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04","docAbstract":"An existing regional steady-state model for coastal Georgia, and parts of South Carolina and Florida, was revised to evaluate the local effects of pumping on the migration of high chloride (saline) water in the Upper Floridan aquifer located in the Brunswick/Glynn County, Georgia (Ga.) area. Revisions were focused on enhancing the horizontal and vertical resolution of the regional model grid in the vicinity of saline water. Modifications to the regional model consisted of (1) limiting grid size to a maximum of 500 feet (ft) per side in the vicinity of chloride contamination; (2) representing the upper and lower Brunswick aquifers with distinct model layers; (3) similarly, representing upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer with distinct model layers in Glynn and Camden Counties, Ga.; and (4) establishing new hydraulic-property zones in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The revised model simulated steady-state conditions that were assumed to exist during 2000 and 2004.
\nCalibration of the revised steady-state model using pumping rates from 2000 indicates a \"good\" match (±10 ft) based on 181 observations, with median residuals (simulated minus observed water levels) in each of the active model layers ranging from -8.62 to 4.67 ft, and root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 10.9 to 11.4 ft. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, groundwater-level residuals in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) indicate an \"excellent\" match (±5 ft) based on 41 observations with a median residual of -0.35 ft and RMSE of 4.32 ft.
\nCalibration of the revised steady-state model using 2004 pumping rates and adjusted specified-head input values in the Floridan aquifer system indicates a \"good\" match (-10 ft) based on 88 observations, with median residuals in each of the active model layers ranging from -6.31 to -2.05 ft, and RMSE ranging from -6.95 to 14.5 ft. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, groundwater-level residuals in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) indicate an \"excellent\" match (±5 ft) based on 32 observations with a median residual of -1.50 ft and RMSE of 5.34 ft.
\nSimulated potentiometric surfaces for 2000 and 2004 indicate coastward groundwater flow in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers influenced by pumping centers at Savannah, Jesup, and Brunswick, Ga., and indicate steep potentiometric gradients to the west and north of the Gulf Trough. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, simulated industrial production wells located north of downtown Brunswick intercept local groundwater flow in the upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer and have created a cone of depression that locally alters the regional coastward flow direction.
\nMaps of simulated water-level change during the 2000-04 period show differences in groundwater levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer that range from -2.5 ft to more than 5 ft in areas of coastal Georgia, and more than 20 ft near the Georgia-Florida State Line. Positive values indicate higher simulated water levels during 2004 than during 2000, which were caused by reduced pumping in the Upper Floridan aquifer prompted by the shutdown of a paper mill near the southern model boundary in 2002 and increased recharge following a prolonged drought during 1998-2002.
\nSimulated potentiometric profiles for 2000 and 2004 were used to evaluate the potentiometric gradients in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) near the chloride plume in the downtown Brunswick area. Four potentiometric profiles were constructed for 2000 to compare the simulated and observed water levels in 13 wells and were oriented outward from a primary well field. The simulated potentiometric gradients from the four profiles for 2000 ranged from 3.6 to 5.2 feet per mile (ft/mi) compared to observed values ranging from 4.1 to 5.6 ft/mi. The five potentiometric profiles constructed for 2004 allowed for a similar comparison using simulated and observed water levels in 18 wells. The simulated potentiometric gradients from the five profiles for 2000 ranged from 3.6 to 11.1 ft/mi compared to observed values ranging from 3.8 to 10.2 ft/mi. Simulated potentiometric gradients were higher for 2004 than for 2000 because of the inclusion of a well located within the cone of depression near downtown Brunswick.
\nComposite-scaled sensitivities of the model parameters indicate the revised model is most sensitive to pumping rates, followed by the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the Upper Floridan aquifer for zones along coastal Georgia. The revised model is least sensitive to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the confining units and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers. For parameters defined by hydraulic-property zones in the upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer, such as horizontal hydraulic conductivity, model sensitivity was not as great in the Brunswick/Glynn County area as other areas along coastal Georgia. The model exhibited more sensitivity to these parameters however, than to parameters representing the majority of zones defining the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units, which originally were assumed to govern upward migration of chloride contamination into this aquifer.
\nAnalysis of simulated water-budget components for 2000 and 2004 indicate that specified-head boundaries in the Floridan aquifer system to the south and southwest of the regional model area control about 70 percent of inflows and nearly 50 percent of outflows to the model region. Other water-budget components indicate an 80-million-gallon-per-day decrease in pumping from the Floridan aquifer system during this period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155061","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., 2015, Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5061, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155061.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-015105","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155061.jpg"},{"id":300753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5061/pdf/sir2015-5061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5061 Report"},{"id":300752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5061/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Brunswick County, Glynn County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.121439619206097\n ],\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.178147212117395\n ],\n [\n -81.4577865600586,\n 31.178147212117395\n ],\n [\n -81.4577865600586,\n 31.121439619206097\n ],\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.121439619206097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560452be4b0afeb70724149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148122,"text":"ofr20151104 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T13:38:15","indexId":"ofr20151104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1104","title":"Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish","docAbstract":"The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, were evaluated on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish endemic to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Basins. Nine species of young-of-the-year fish were exposed to SDP for 24 hours by using continuous-flow, serial-dilution exposure systems at temperatures of 12 degrees Celsius (°C; 2 species; Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout] and Salvelinus fontinalis [brook trout]), 17 °C (3 species; Perca flavescens [yellow perch], Sander vitreus [walleye], and Acipenser fulvescens [lake sturgeon]), or 22 °C (4 species; Micropterus salmoides [largemouth bass], Micropterus dolomieu [smallmouth bass], Lepomis macrochirus [bluegill sunfish], and Ictalurus punctatus [channel catfish]).
\nTreatments, which were nominal target concentrations of SDP (as active ingredient) of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), were continuously applied for 24 hours by the addition of a test article stock solution into the main water inflow of each exposure system's dilution box. The SDP-treated water was then serially diluted through a series of dilution cells before delivery to the test chambers. The exposure concentrations measured were 61.5 to 81.4 percent of the target concentration. After exposure, fish were monitored for 22 days to assess exposure-related latent effects.
\nAnalyses of test animal condition factors and survival revealed that a 24-hour continuous dose of SDP affected all species. Calculated concentrations of SDP that would be lethal to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) for the coldwater species were 19.2 and 104.6 mg/L for rainbow and brook trout, respectively. The LC50's for the coolwater species were 185.4, 176.9 and 8.9 mg/L for yellow perch, walleye, and lake sturgeon, respectively. The LC50's for the warmwater species were 173.6, 139.4, and 63.1 for the largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish, respectively. A reliable LC50 for bluegill sunfish could not be calculated because mortality in the SDP-treated groups did not exceed 20 percent.
\nFurther investigations to evaluate the SDP-exposure related effects on freshwater fish at the maximum approved open-water label concentration and exposure duration (100 mg/L for 8 hours) and using the expected lentic application technique (static application) are warranted. The variation in tolerance to P. fluorescens, strain CL145A, exposure observed in this study indicates that fish species community composition should be considered before SDP is applied in open-water environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151104","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., and Denise A. Mayer, 2015, Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1104, viii, 1632 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151104.","productDescription":"viii, 1632 p.","numberOfPages":"1641","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064984","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/pdf/ofr2015-1104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1104 Report"},{"id":300744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1050/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1050","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Test Substrates"},{"id":300745,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1051/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1051","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels Within Field Enclosures"},{"id":300746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1064","description":"Companion Report - Safety of Spray-Dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-Water Treatments"},{"id":300742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/"},{"id":300747,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1066","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on Juvenile Unionid Mussels"},{"id":300748,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1094","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1094","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A to Glochidia from Seven Unionid Mussel Species"},{"id":300749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151104.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604527e4b0afeb70724145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denise A. Mayer","contributorId":140891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denise A. Mayer","affiliations":[{"id":13605,"text":"New York State Department of Education, Cambridge Field Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146512,"text":"sir20155055 - 2015 - Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T13:13:31","indexId":"sir20155055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5055","title":"Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","docAbstract":"Traditionally, the Iowa Department of Transportation has used the Iowa Runoff Chart and single-variable regional-regression equations (RREs) from a U.S. Geological Survey report (published in 1987) as the primary methods to estimate annual exceedance-probability discharge (AEPD) for small (20 square miles or less) drainage basins in Iowa. With the publication of new multi- and single-variable RREs by the U.S. Geological Survey (published in 2013), the Iowa Department of Transportation needs to determine which methods of AEPD estimation provide the best accuracy and the least bias for small drainage basins in Iowa.
\nTwenty five streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 square miles (mi2) and 55 streamgages with drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi2 were selected for the comparisons that used two evaluation metrics. Estimates of AEPDs calculated for the streamgages using the expected moments algorithm/multiple Grubbs-Beck test analysis method were compared to estimates of AEPDs calculated from the 2013 multivariable RREs; the 2013 single-variable RREs; the 1987 single-variable RREs; the TR-55 rainfall-runoff model; and the Iowa Runoff Chart.
\nFor the 25 streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 mi2, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the TR-55 method for flood regions 1 and 3 (published in 2013) and by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013).
\nFor drainage basins with areas between 2 and 20 mi2, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for the Southern Iowa Drift Plain landform region and for flood region 3 (published in 2013), by using the 2013 multivariable RREs for the Iowan Surface landform region, and by using the 2013 or 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013). For all other landform or flood regions in Iowa, use of the 2013 single-variable RREs may provide the best overall accuracy and the least bias.
\nAn examination was conducted to understand why the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias than either of the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs. A comparison of 1-percent annual exceedance-probability regression lines for hydrologic regions 1-4 from the 1987 single-variable RREs and for flood regions 1-3 from the 2013 single-variable RREs indicates that the 1987 single-variable regional-regression lines generally have steeper slopes and lower discharges when compared to 2013 single-variable regional-regression lines for corresponding areas of Iowa. The combination of the definition of hydrologic regions, the lower discharges, and the steeper slopes of regression lines associated with the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias when compared to the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs; better accuracy and less bias was determined particularly for drainage areas less than 2 mi2, and also for some drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi2. The 2013 multi- and single-variable RREs are considered to provide better accuracy and less bias for larger drainage areas. Results of this study indicate that additional research is needed to address the curvilinear relation between drainage area and AEPDs for areas of Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project TR-678)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2015, Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5055, viii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155055.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058580","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155055.jpg"},{"id":300732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/pdf/sir2015-5055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055"},{"id":300731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/"},{"id":300733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Contains: Table 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 in XLSX format","linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055 Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 41.508577297439324\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -95.73486328124999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 43.51668853502906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560451be4b0afeb70724141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141461,"text":"sir20155015 - 2015 - Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:27:59","indexId":"sir20155015","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5015","title":"Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","docAbstract":"The South Platte River and underlying alluvial aquifer form an important hydrologic resource in northeastern Colorado that provides water to population centers along the Front Range and to agricultural communities across the rural plains. Water is regulated based on seniority of water rights and delivered using a network of administration structures that includes ditches, reservoirs, wells, impacted river sections, and engineered recharge areas. A recent addendum to Colorado water law enacted during 2002-2003 curtailed pumping from thousands of wells that lacked authorized augmentation plans. The restrictions in pumping were hypothesized to increase water storage in the aquifer, causing groundwater to rise near the land surface at some locations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Water Institute, completed an assessment of 60 years (yr) of historical groundwater-level records collected from 1953 to 2012 from 1,669 wells. Relations of \"high\" groundwater levels, defined as depth to water from 0 to 10 feet (ft) below land surface, were compared to precipitation, river discharge, and 36 geographic and administrative attributes to identify natural and human controls in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nAveraged per decade and over the entire aquifer, depths to groundwater varied between 24 and 32 ft over the 60-yr record. The shallowest average depth to water was identified during 1983-1992, which also recorded the highest levels of decadal precipitation. Average depth to water was greatest (32 ft) during 1953-1962 and intermediate (30 ft) in the recent decade (2003-2012) following curtailment of pumping. Between the decades 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels declined about 2 ft across the aquifer. In comparison, in areas where groundwater levels were within 20 ft of the land surface, observed groundwater levels rose about 0.6 ft, on average, during the same period, which demonstrated preferential rise in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nApproximately 29 percent of water-level observations were identified as high groundwater in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer over the 60-yr record. High groundwater levels were found in 17 to 33 percent of wells examined by decade, with the largest percentages occurring over three decades from 1963 to 1992. The recent decade (2003-2012) exhibited an intermediate percentage (25 percent) of wells with high groundwater levels but also had the highest percentage (30 percent) of high groundwater observations, although results by observations were similar (26-29 percent) over three decades prior, from 1963 to 1992. Major sections of the aquifer from north of Sterling to Julesburg and areas near Greeley, La Salle, and Gilcrest were identified with the highest frequencies of high groundwater levels.
\nChanges in groundwater levels were evaluated using Kendal line and least trimmed squares regression methods using a significance level of 0.01 and statistical power of 0.8. During 2003-2012, following curtailment of pumping, 88 percent of wells and 81 percent of subwatershed areas with significant trends in groundwater levels exhibited rising water levels. Over the complete 60-yr record, however, 66 percent of wells and 57 percent of subwatersheds with significant groundwater-level trends still showed declining water levels; rates of groundwater-level change were typically less than 0.125 ft/yr in areas near the South Platte River, with greater declines along the southern tributaries. In agreement, 58 percent of subwatersheds evaluated between 1963-1972 and 2003-2012 showed net declines in average decadal groundwater levels. More areas had groundwater decline in upgradient sections to the west and rise in downgradient sections to the east, implying a redistribution of water has occurred in some areas of the aquifer.
\nPrecipitation was identified as having the strongest statistically significant correlations to river discharge over annual and decadal periods (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively, and statistical significance defined by p-values less than 0.05). Correlation coefficients between river discharge and frequency of high groundwater levels were statistically significant at 0.4 annually and 0.6 over decadal periods, indicating that periods of high river flow were often coincident with high groundwater conditions. Over seasonal periods in five of the six decades examined, peak high groundwater levels occurred after spring runoff from July to September when administrative structures were most active. Between 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels rose while river discharge decreased, in part from greater reliance on surface water and curtailed pumping from wells without augmentation plans.
\nGeographic attributes of elevation and proximity to streams and rivers showed moderate correlations to high groundwater levels in wells used for observing groundwater levels (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.4). Local depressions and regional lows within the aquifer were identified as areas of potential shallow groundwater. Wells close to the river regularly indicated high groundwater levels, while those within depleted tributaries tended to have low frequencies of high groundwater levels. Some attributes of administrative structures were spatially correlated to high groundwater levels at moderate to high magnitudes (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.7). The number of affected river reaches or recharge areas that surround a well where groundwater levels were observed and its distance from the nearest well field showed the strongest controls on high groundwater levels. Influences of administrative structures on groundwater levels were in some cases local over a mile or less but could extend to several miles, often manifesting as diffuse effects from multiple surrounding structures.
\nA network of candidate monitoring wells was proposed to initiate a regional monitoring program. Consistent monitoring and analysis of groundwater levels will be needed for informed decisions to optimize beneficial use of water and to limit high groundwater levels in susceptible areas. Finalization of the network will require future field reconnaissance to assess local site conditions and discussions with State authorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Institute and Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., 2015, Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5015, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155015.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1953-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057966","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155015.jpg"},{"id":300708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/pdf/sir2015-5015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5015 Report"},{"id":300709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604523e4b0afeb70724143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan 0000-0003-3049-6214 twellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-6214","contributorId":2166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan","email":"twellman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147635,"text":"ofr20151089 - 2015 - Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T09:39:22","indexId":"ofr20151089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1089","title":"Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","docAbstract":"During the late morning of March 22, 2014, a devastating landslide occurred near the town of Oso, Washington. The landslide with an estimated volume of 10.9 million cubic yards (8.3 x 106 m3) of both intact glacially deposited and previously disturbed landslide sediments, reached speeds averaging 40 miles per hour (64 kilometers per hour) and crossed the entire 2/3-mile (~1100 m) width of the adjacent North Fork Stillaguamish River floodplain in approximately 60 seconds, resulting in the complete destruction of an entire neighborhood (Iverson and others, 2015). More than 40 homes were destroyed as the debris overran the neighborhood, resulting in the deaths of 43 people.
\nLandslides in glacial deposits are common in the Pacific Northwest (for example, Baum and others, 2008), and in fact, the site of the March 22, 2014 SR-530 landslide had experienced significant reactivation several times in past decades, with the most recent event occurring in 2006 (for example, Miller and Sias, 1998). However, these previous landslides were of considerably less volume and mobility (Iverson and others, 2015), and debris had never reached the Steelhead Haven neighborhood. Further, no landslides with the type of mobility that the March 22, 2014 landslide underwent have been recorded in historic times within the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley. However, mapping performed immediately following the landslide indicates that several other slopes in the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley have experienced large-volume landslides exhibiting high mobility in prehistoric times (Haugerud, 2014). The presence of previous high-mobility landslides in the valley, and the now well-documented occurrence of one involving many fatalities, underscores both the hazard and risk for those that live and travel in this and other river valleys in the Pacific Northwest with similar glacial deposits and precipitation patterns.
\nTo understand the hazards posed by highly mobile landslides in the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), together with its project partners, the University of California, Berkeley Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (UCB), and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), is undertaking a critically needed study to identify the geologic, hydrogeologic, and geotechnical conditions in which these large landslides initiate, as well as the processes responsible for the exceptional mobility of this, and potentially other, landslides in the region. One of the first study activities involves characterizing the stratigraphy and materials from which the landslide deposits are derived, so that the fundamental geotechnical nature of the soils can be understood. This understanding is required to begin identifying possible conditions leading to slope failure and their relation to the landslide's high mobility. In addition, detailed characterization of each stratigraphic unit encountered in initial geotechnical borings is needed to relate stratigraphy between borings for this study and as a part of ongoing investigations by WSDOT and other project partners.
\nThis report provides a description of the methods used to obtain and test the intact soil stratigraphy behind the headscarp of the March 22 landslide. Detailed geotechnical index testing results are presented for 24 soil samples representing the stratigraphy at 19 different depths along a 650 ft (198 m) soil profile. The results include (1) the soil's in situ water content and unit weight (where applicable); (2) specific gravity of soil solids; and (3) each sample's grain-size distribution, critical limits for fine-grain water content states (that is, the Atterberg limits), and official Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) designation. In addition, preliminary stratigraphy and geotechnical relations within and between soil units are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Berkeley and the Washington State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Riemer, M.F., Collins, B.D., Badger, T.C., Toth, C., and Yu, Y.C., 2015, Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1089, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151089.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064901","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151089.jpg"},{"id":300692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/"},{"id":300693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/pdf/ofr20151089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1089 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604529e4b0afeb70724147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riemer, Michael F.","contributorId":140577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riemer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13533,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineeering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Badger, Thomas C.","contributorId":140578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13534,"text":"Washington State Dept. of Transporation, Geotechnical Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toth, Csilla","contributorId":140579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toth","given":"Csilla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yu, Yat Chun","contributorId":140580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Yat","email":"","middleInitial":"Chun","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148004,"text":"sir20155072 - 2015 - Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:21:04","indexId":"sir20155072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5072","title":"Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia","docAbstract":"Steady-state simulations using a revised regional groundwater-flow model based on MODFLOW were run to assess the potential long-term effects on the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) of pumping the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA) at well (36S048) near the City of Rincon in coastal Georgia near Savannah. Simulated pumping of well 36S048 at a rate of 1,000 gallons per minute (gal/min; or 1.44 million gallons per day [Mgal/d]) indicated a maximum drawdown of about 6.8 feet (ft) in the UFA directly above the pumped well and at least 1 ft of drawdown within a nearly 400-square-mile area (scenario A). Induced vertical leakage from the UFA provided about 99 percent of the water to the pumped well. Simulated pumping of well 36S048 indicated increased downward leakage in all layers above the LFA, decreased upward leakage in all layers above the LFA, increased inflow to and decreased outflow from lateral specified-head boundaries in the UFA and LFA, and an increase in the volume of induced inflow from the general-head boundary representing outcrop units. Water budgets for scenario A indicated that changes in inflows and outflows through general-head boundaries would compose about 72 percent of the simulated pumpage from well 36S048, with the remaining 28 percent of the pumped water derived from flow across lateral specified-head boundaries.
\nAdditional steady-state simulations were run to evaluate a pumping rate in the UFA of 292 gal/min (0.42 Mgal/d), which would produce the equivalent maximum drawdown in the UFA as pumping from well 36S048 in the LFA at a rate of 1,000 gal/min (called the drawdown offset; scenario B). Simulated pumping in the UFA for the drawdown offset produced about 6.7 ft of drawdown, comparable to 6.8 ft of drawdown in the UFA simulated in scenario A. Water budgets for scenario B also provided favorable comparisons with scenario A, indicating that 69 percent of the drawdown-offset pumpage (0.42 Mgal/d) in the UFA originates as increased inflow and decreased outflow across general-head boundaries from overlying units in the surficial and Brunswick aquifer systems and that the remaining simulated pumpage originates as flow across general- and specified-head boundaries within the UFA.
\nA steady-state simulation representing implementation of drawdown-offset-pumping reductions totaling 292 gal/min at Rincon UFA production wells 36S034 and 36S035 and pumping from the new LFA well 36S048 at 1,000 gal/min (scenario C) resulted in decreased magnitude and areal extent of drawdown in the UFA compared with scenario A. In the latter scenario, the LFA well was pumped without UFA drawdown-offset-pumping reductions. Water budgets for scenario C yielded percentage contributions from flow components that were consistent with those from scenario B. Specifically, 69 percent of the increased pumping in scenario C originated from general-head boundaries from overlying units of the surficial and Brunswick aquifer systems and the balance of flow was derived from general- and specified-head boundaries in the UFA. In all scenarios, the placement of model boundaries and type of boundary exerted the greatest control on overall groundwater flow and interaquifer leakage in the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rincon, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., and Clarke, J.S., 2015, Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5072, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155072.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054209","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155072.jpg"},{"id":300690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5072/pdf/sir2015-5072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5072 Report"},{"id":300689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5072/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Effingham County","otherGeospatial":"Rincon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 31.785384226419566\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 32.21396296653795\n ],\n [\n -80.80307006835938,\n 32.21396296653795\n ],\n [\n -80.80307006835938,\n 31.785384226419566\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 31.785384226419566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560452ce4b0afeb7072414b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156183,"text":"70156183 - 2015 - Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:01:35","indexId":"70156183","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape","docAbstract":"Context
\nThe Florida Everglades has diminished in size and its existing wetland hydrology has been altered. The endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) has nearly abandoned the Everglades, and its prey, the apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), has declined.
\nObjective
\nWe developed a population model (EverSnail) to understand apple snail response to inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in water depths over the Everglades landscape. EverSnail was developed as a tool to understand how apple snails respond to different hydrologic scenarios.
\nMethods
\nEverSnail is an age- and size-structured, spatially-explicit landscape model of P. paludosa in the Everglades. Landscape-level inputs are water depth and air temperature. We conducted sensitivity analyses by running EverSnail with ± 20 % the baseline value of eight parameters.
\nResults
\nEverSnail was sensitive to changes in survival and water depth associated with reproduction. The EverSnail population varied with changes and/or differences in depth generally consistent with empirical data; site-specific comparisons to field data proved less reliable. A simulated 3-year wet period resulted in a shift in apple snail distribution, but little change in total abundance over the landscape. In contrast, a simulated 3-year succession of relatively dry years resulted in overall lower snail abundances.
\nConclusions
\nComparisons of model output to empirical data indicate the need for more data to better understand, and eventually parameterize, several aspects of snail ecology in support of EverSnail. A primary value of EverSnail is its capacity to describe the relative response of snail abundance to alternative hydrologic scenarios considered for Everglades water management and restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0205-5","usgsCitation":"Darby, P., DeAngelis, D., Romanach, S.S., Suir, K.J., and Bridevaux, J.L., 2015, Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1497-1510, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0205-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056099","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 28.338230147025865\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.338230147025865\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 25.199970890386023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6d5e4b058f706e53d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, Phil","contributorId":146459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darby","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16703,"text":"University of West Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":140419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suir, Kevin J. 0000-0003-1570-9648 suirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-9648","contributorId":4894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suir","given":"Kevin","email":"suirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridevaux, Joshua L.","contributorId":103567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridevaux","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70186565,"text":"70186565 - 2015 - Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T16:00:56","indexId":"70186565","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral","docAbstract":"The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200–1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographical distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400 to 900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographical distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.434) between C. delta and a closely related species, Callogorgia americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors covarying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations.
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