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The Mahalanobis distance statistic was used to represent the standard squared distance between sample variates in the GIS database (forest cover type, elevation, slope, aspect, distance to streams, distance to roads, and forest cover richness) and variates at known bear dens. Two models were developed: a generalized model for all den locations and another specific to dens in rock cavities. Differences between habitat at den sites and habitat across the study area were represented in 2 new GIS themes as Mahalanobis distance values. Cells similar to the mean vector derived from the known dens had low Mahalanobis distance values, and dissimilar cells had high values. The reliability of the predictive model was tested by overlaying den locations collected subsequent to original model development on the resultant den habitat themes. Although the generalized model demonstrated poor reliability, the model specific to rock dens had good reliability. Bears were more likely to choose rock den locations with low Mahalanobis distance values and less likely to choose those with high values. The model can be used to plan the timing and extent of management actions (e.g., road building, prescribed fire, timber harvest) most appropriate for those sites with high or low denning potential.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., Hayes, S., and Pledger, J., 1998, A female black bear denning habitat model using a geographic information system: Ursus, v. 10, p. 181-185.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Dry Creek Wilderness Area, Ouachita Mountain region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.8067626953125,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.74633789062499,\n              35.088450570365396\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.680419921875,\n              35.088450570365396\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61175537109375,\n              35.088450570365396\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.49227905273438,\n              35.099686964274724\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48129272460936,\n              35.080584173400815\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4771728515625,\n              35.023248960913385\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.48129272460936,\n              34.93885938523973\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.52935791015625,\n              34.918592949176926\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61175537109375,\n              34.88367790965999\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.76144409179688,\n              34.84987503195418\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.84246826171875,\n              34.81154831029378\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.9276123046875,\n              34.78899484825181\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0869140625,\n              34.785611296793306\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.26544189453125,\n              34.8025276659169\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.28741455078125,\n              34.83522280367885\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.31350708007812,\n              34.88818391007525\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.31076049804688,\n              34.942236637841184\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.31076049804688,\n              34.98275281869196\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.295654296875,\n              35.02662273458687\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.22836303710938,\n              35.064849103829204\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.12399291992188,\n              35.08957427943165\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.99627685546874,\n              35.1041810882765\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.91937255859375,\n              35.113168592954004\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8067626953125,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, S.G.","contributorId":97043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pledger, J.M.","contributorId":59393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pledger","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008634,"text":"1008634 - 1998 - Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T15:52:44.852844","indexId":"1008634","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Michaelis-Menten model has been widely used to estimate the richness (S) of species pools, but is largely untested. We tested whether (1) species accumulation curves follow the form predicted by the model, (2) the model gives unbiased estimates (Ŝ and B̂, respectively) of S and of the sample size, B, needed to detect S/2 species, and (3) performance is robust to community structure. Performance varied with community structure. For model communities with species-abundance distributions based on MacArthur's broken-stick model with 100 or 1000 species, deviations from predicted accumulation curves were slight, and Ŝ and B̂ were unbiased (P ≥ 0.18). For broken-stick communities with 10 species, Ŝ and B̂ overestimated S and B by an average of 17% and 63%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). For model communities with species-abundance distributions based on Tokeshi's (1990) random-fraction model with 10, 100, or 1000 species, deviations from predicted accumulation curves were large; on average, Ŝ underestimated S by 7-37% (P &lt; 0.001), and (for S = 100 or 1000) B̂ underestimated B by 67-80% (P &lt; 0.001). Vascular plant inventories (S = 42 to 99 species) also showed large deviations from predicted curves; on average, Ŝ underestimated S by 35% (P &lt; 0.001) and B̂ underestimated B by 72% (P &lt; 0.001). Because most natural communities are better described by the random-fraction than the broken-stick model, we suggest the Michaelis-Menten model will typically yield poor estimates of S. Moreover, we argue that accepted criteria for evaluating estimators of S are inadequate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3547060","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., and Quinn, J., 1998, Estimating species richness: The Michaelis-Menten model revisited: Oikos, v. 81, p. 411-416, https://doi.org/10.2307/3547060.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, K.A.","contributorId":44500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, J.F.","contributorId":76251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014934,"text":"1014934 - 1998 - A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T15:32:20.143996","indexId":"1014934","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>Triploidy induction is a technique that allows genetic manipulation of chromosome number to control reproduction and potentially create faster‐growing animals; however, most methods for inducing polyploidy are not 100% effective. Using sunshine bass (white bass&nbsp;</span><i>Morone chrysops</i><span>&nbsp;♀ × striped bass&nbsp;</span><i>M. saxatilis</i><span>&nbsp;♂) as a model, we cross‐validated the most common verification techniques: DNA staining and fluorescence quantification with a flow cytometer, erythrocyte nuclear volume with a Coulter counter particle size analyzer, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and cytological karyotyping. Results indicated that the electronic techniques of particle size analysis and flow cytometry were the simplest and quickest methods of validation. The major drawback of both electronic ploidy determination methods is the cost of the equipment required for analysis. Cytological karyotyping was the most accurate method for determining polyploidy because actual chromosome numbers were determined. It was also the most time‐consuming, tedious, and frustrating of the techniques, which reduces its applicability in mass screening of fish. Silver staining was the least expensive technique used for verifying a nominal number of fish, but it was also the most suspect because the NORs were sometimes difficult to detect, and there were conflicting results in older fish. All techniques demand a certain technical competence that can either be self‐taught or requires extramural training.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0221:ACOTIV%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrell, R., Van Heukelem, W., and Kerby, J., 1998, A comparison of triploid induction validation techniques: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 60, no. 3, p. 221-226, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0221:ACOTIV%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrell, R.M.","contributorId":32471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Heukelem, W.","contributorId":46902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Heukelem","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerby, J.H.","contributorId":71500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014922,"text":"1014922 - 1998 - Age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Upper St. Lawrence River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T14:32:49.780841","indexId":"1014922","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Upper St. Lawrence River","docAbstract":"<p><span>The growth of lake sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) over time in the upper St. Lawrence River was examined. Growth of lake sturgeon collected during 1993 and 1994 below Robert Moses Dam near Massena, New York, was compared to that reported for the same population almost 25 years earlier. The data suggest that lake sturgeon growth was similar to that reported in the previous study. However, significant differences in the elevations of regression models between males and fish of unknown sex in both data sets suggest possible sexual dimorphism in growth at younger ages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70837-8","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Dropkin, D.S., LaPan, S.R., McKenna, J.E., and Klindt, R.M., 1998, Age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Upper St. Lawrence River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 474-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70837-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","city":"Massena","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.893798828125,\n              44.97499945120351\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.72900390625,\n              44.97499945120351\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.72900390625,\n              45.026465147868635\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.893798828125,\n              45.026465147868635\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.893798828125,\n              44.97499945120351\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68978b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, David S.","contributorId":34784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPan, S. R.","contributorId":87711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenna, James E. Jr. 0000-0002-1428-7597 jemckenna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7597","contributorId":195894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jemckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klindt, Rodger M","contributorId":115715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klindt","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015826,"text":"1015826 - 1998 - Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1015826","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors","docAbstract":"From 1991-1994, we quantified relative abundance and reproductive success of\r\nthe Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Burrowing Owl\r\n(Speotytoc unicularia), and Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) on the shrubsteppe plateaus\r\n(benchlands) in and near the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in\r\nsouthwestern Idaho. To assess relative abundance, we searched randomly selected plots using\r\nfour sampling methods: point counts, line transects, and quadrats of two sizes. On a persampling-effort basis, transects were slightly more effective than point counts and quadrats\r\nfor locating raptor nests (3.4 pairs detected/100 h of effort vs. 2.2-3.1 pairs). Random sampling using quadrats failed to detect a Short-eared Owl population increase from 1993 to\r\n1994. To evaluate nesting success, we tried to determine reproductive outcome for all nesting\r\nattempts located during random, historical, and incidental nest searches. We compared nesting\r\nsuccess estimates based on all nesting attempts, on attempts found during incubation,\r\nand the Mayfield model. Most pairs used to evaluate success were pairs found incidentally.\r\nVisits to historical nesting areas yielded the highest number of pairs per sampling effort\r\n(14.6/100 h), but reoccupancy rates for most species decreased through time. Estimates\r\nbased on all attempts had the highest sample sizes but probably overestimated success for\r\nall species except the Ferruginous Hawk. Estimates of success based on nesting attempts\r\nfound during incubation had the lowest sample sizes. All three methods yielded biased nesting\r\nsnccess estimates for the Northern Harrier and Short-eared Owl. The estimate based on\r\npairs found during incubation probably provided the least biased estimate for the Burrowing\r\nOwl. Assessments of nesting success were hindered by difficulties in confirming egg laying\r\nand nesting success for all species except the Ferruginous hawk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"This product was produced from the BLM/IDARNG Research Project (Snake River FS)","usgsCitation":"Lehman, R.N., Carpenter, L., Steenhof, K., and Kochert, M.N., 1998, Assessing relative abundance and reproductive success of shrubsteppe raptors: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 244-256.","productDescription":"p. 244-256","startPage":"244","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Robert N.","contributorId":47746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, L.B.","contributorId":49317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014705,"text":"1014705 - 1998 - Importance of rearing-unit design and stocking density to the behavior, growth and metabolism of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:15:11.836385","indexId":"1014705","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Importance of rearing-unit design and stocking density to the behavior, growth and metabolism of lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>)","title":"Importance of rearing-unit design and stocking density to the behavior, growth and metabolism of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Juvenile lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) were held at different stocking densities (48 and 96 kg m</span><sup>−3</sup><span>) in rearing-units of different design (rectangular plug-flow, circular and cylindrical cross-flow) and the effects on behavior, growth and metabolism were examined. Ambient light levels and current velocities were measured in each of three tank sectors (upstream, middle and downstream) to determine their relative contributions to fish behavior and distribution. Rearing-unit design affected orientation to current, contact with surfaces, agonistic responses, turn rates and avoidance of or contact with other fish. Stocking density primarily affected contact with tank surfaces, avoidance and contact with other fish. Fish in circular tanks distributed themselves uniformly, whereas those in plug-flow tanks crowded upstream and those in cross-flow tanks congregated downstream. Stocking density affected fish distribution most in cross-flow and least in circular tanks. Ambient light, current velocity and total in situ aggression modified fish distribution at low stocking density, but at high density the effects of current velocity and total aggression were undetectable. Growth and food conversion were best in plug-flow, followed by cross-flow and then circular tanks. Net ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption were highest in circular tanks and lowest in cross-flow (NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>) or cross-flow and plug-flow (O</span><sub>2</sub><span>) tanks. Ammonia production was correlated with stocking density, but oxygen consumption was unrelated to density. Results demonstrate the interrelatedness of abiotic and biotic factors in fish culture and the ability to control fish behavior, growth and metabolism through the alteration of several physical and biological variables in the rearing unit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00041-7","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Watten, B.J., 1998, Importance of rearing-unit design and stocking density to the behavior, growth and metabolism of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Aquacultural Engineering, v. 19, no. 1, p. 41-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(98)00041-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5eef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Robert M.","contributorId":62562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001102,"text":"1001102 - 1998 - Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: duration, larval growth, and hormonal response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:32:46","indexId":"1001102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3074,"text":"Physiological Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: duration, larval growth, and hormonal response","docAbstract":"We exposed larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) reared in the laboratory from eggs collected from a prairie wetland in North Dakota to three concentrations of atrazine (0, 75, and 250 i??g/L) in a static renewal test to determine the pesticide's effect on (1) plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations, (2) larval size, and (3) days-to-stage at stages 2 and 4 of metamorphic climax. We found significant effects of atrazine on each of these response variables. Plasma thyroxine was elevated in both atrazine-exposed groups compared to the control group; plasma corticosterone was depressed in the 75 i??g/L treatment compared with both the control and 250 i??g/L treatment. Larvae exposed to 75 i??g/L atrazine reached stage 4 later, but at a size and weight comparable to the control group. By contrast, larvae in the 250 i??g/L treatment progressed to stage 4 at the same time but at a smaller size and lower weight than larvae in the control group. These results indicate that the herbicide has the potential to influence tiger salamander life history. We present a model consistent with our results, whereby corticosterone and thyroxine interact to regulate metamorphosis of tiger salamanders based on nutrient assimilation and adult fitness","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/515999","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., McDonald, S., Hamilton, S., Fivizzani, A.J., and Newton, W.E., 1998, Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: duration, larval growth, and hormonal response: Physiological Zoology, v. 71, no. 6, p. 671-679, https://doi.org/10.1086/515999.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"679","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fdf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Susan","contributorId":174729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fivizzani, Albert J.","contributorId":174730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fivizzani","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020560,"text":"70020560 - 1998 - Deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin, SW Pacific: Earth's most intense deep seismicity in stagnant slabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020560","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin, SW Pacific: Earth's most intense deep seismicity in stagnant slabs","docAbstract":"Previous work has suggested that many of the deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin occur in slab material that has been detached and foundered to the bottom of the transition zone or has been laid down by trench migration in a similar recumbent position. Since nowhere else in the Earth do so many earthquakes occur in slabs stagnated in the transition zone, these earthquakes merit closer study. Accordingly, we have assembled from historical and modern data a comprehensive catalogue of the relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms of well-located deep events in the geographic area between the bottoms of the main Vanuatu and Tonga Wadati-Benioff zones. Two regions of deep seismogenesis are recognized there: (i) 163 deep shocks have occurred north of 15??S in the Vityaz Group from 1949 to 1996. These seismological observations and the absence of other features characteristic of active subduction suggest that the Vityaz group represents deep failure in a detached slab that has foundered to a horizontal orientation near the bottom of the transition zone. (ii) Another group of nearly 50 'outboard' deep shocks occur between about 450 and 660 km depth, west of the complexly buckled and offset western edge of the Tonga Wadati-Benioff zone. Their geometry is in the form of two or possibly three small-circle arcs that roughly parallel the inferred motion of Tonga trench migration. Earthquakes in the southernmost of these arcs occur in a recumbent high-seismic-wavespeed slab anomaly that connects both to the main inclined Tonga anomaly to the east and a lower mantle anomaly to the west [Van der Hilst, R., 1995. Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the mantle beneath the Tonga trench. Nature, Vol. 374, pp. 154-157.]. Both groups show complexity in their focal mechanisms. The major question raised by these observations is the cause of this apparent temporary arrest in the descent of the Tonga slab into the lower mantle. We approach these questions by considering the effects of buoyant metastable peridotite in cold slab material that was detached and rapidly foundered, or was buckled, segmented and laid out in the transition zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00116-2","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Okal, E., and Kirby, S.H., 1998, Deep earthquakes beneath the Fiji Basin, SW Pacific: Earth's most intense deep seismicity in stagnant slabs: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 109, no. 1-2, p. 25-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00116-2.","startPage":"25","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00116-2"},{"id":231375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe23e4b0c8380cd4eb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okal, E.A.","contributorId":35082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okal","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014775,"text":"1014775 - 1998 - Renewal of voluntary feeding by wild‐caught Atlantic sturgeon juveniles in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T15:27:52.252427","indexId":"1014775","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Renewal of voluntary feeding by wild‐caught Atlantic sturgeon juveniles in captivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>A modification of previously documented force‐feeding procedures resulted in the renewal of appetite by several wild‐caught juvenile Atlantic sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser oxyrinchus.</i><span>&nbsp;Four of four fish under controlled laboratory conditions responded positively to this technique within 1 month. These fish exhibited negative mean growth rates of −2.71 g/d before force‐feeding and gained an average of 2.61 g/d at 285 d after initiation of force‐feeding. Mean lengths, weights, and coefficients of condition (</span><i>K</i><span>) also increased after force‐feeding. This method may be useful in other situations in which the holding of juveniles or adults is necessary, such as in zoos and public aquaria.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0311:ROVFBW%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"DiLauro, M.N., 1998, Renewal of voluntary feeding by wild‐caught Atlantic sturgeon juveniles in captivity: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 60, no. 4, p. 311-314, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060%3C0311:ROVFBW%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001640,"text":"1001640 - 1998 - Effects of capture and handling on survival of female northern pintails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:43:08","indexId":"1001640","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capture and handling on survival of female northern pintails","docAbstract":"Identification of capture and handling procedures that influence survival of waterfowl has important research and management implications. We captured 347 female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) using rocket nets, fitted them with harness (backpack-type) radio transmitters, and monitored their survival during the first 10 d following release. Females were 16 times more likely to die during the first 4 d of exposure than during days 5-10. Survival of females captured with small numbers of waterfowl (n < 172) was not related to holding time (time from capture until release), but survival of females captured with large numbers of waterfowl (n = 594) declined as holding time increased. Survival did not vary with age (immature or adult) or body condition (body mass adjusted for body size) of females. Survival was positively related to flight quality (scored as poor, moderate, or good) of females upon release; poor and moderate fliers were twice as likely to die as those scored in the next higher level of flight quality. Flight quality of females captured with small numbers of waterfowl was unrelated to holding time, but that of females captured with large numbers of waterfowl declined as holding time increased. In all cases where cause of mortalities could be determined (n = 12), we attributed proximate cause of death to predation. We recommend that holding time of ducks be minimized, particularly for those captured with large numbers of waterfowl in rocket nets.","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Field Ornithology","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., and Afton, A., 1998, Effects of capture and handling on survival of female northern pintails: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 276-287.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"276","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6248c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000627,"text":"1000627 - 1998 - Net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan coho salmon from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:01:22","indexId":"1000627","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan coho salmon from their prey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by coho salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both coho salmon and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan coho salmon retain PCBs from their food. Our estimate was the most reliable estimate to date because (a) the coho salmon and prey fish sampled during our study were sampled in spring, summer, and fall from various locations throughout the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both coho salmon and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) coho salmon diet was analyzed in detail from April through November over a wide range of salmon size from numerous locations throughout the lake. We estimated that coho salmon from Lake Michigan retain 50% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es980277n","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Elliott, R., Schmidt, L., Desorcie, T.J., Hesselberg, R.J., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., Bouchard, P.M., and Holey, M.E., 1998, Net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan coho salmon from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 20, p. 3063-3067, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980277n.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3063","endPage":"3067","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Robert F.","contributorId":71917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Robert F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":51238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bouchard, Patrick M.","contributorId":18305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":13174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1000751,"text":"1000751 - 1998 - Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:45:55","indexId":"1000751","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both lake trout and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan lake trout retain PCBs from their food. Our estimates were the most reliable estimates to date because (a) the lake trout and prey fish sampled during our study were all from the same vicinity of the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both lake trout and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) lake trout diet was analyzed in detail over a wide range of lake trout size. Our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to lake trout from their prey averaged from 0.73 to 0.89 for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. There was no evidence of an upward or downward trend in our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old, and therefore this efficiency appeared to be constant over the duration of the lake trout's adult life in the lake. On the basis of our estimtes, lake trout retained 80% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9708326","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Hesselberg, R.J., Desorcie, T.J., Schmidt, L., Stedman, R.M., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 1998, Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 886-891, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9708326.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"891","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":51238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1001815,"text":"1001815 - 1998 - Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:47:50","indexId":"1001815","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Identification and assessment of the relative importance of factors affecting duckling growth and survival are essential for effective management of mallards on breeding areas. For each of 3 years (1993-95), we placed F1-generation wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) females on experimental wetlands and allowed them to mate, nest, and rear broods for 17 days. We manipulated invertebrate densities by introducing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at high densities in half of the wetlands on which broods were confined. Day-17 body mass of surviving ducklings (n = 183) was greater for ducklings that were heavier at hatch; the difference averaged 1.7 g at day 17 for each 1.0 g at hatch (P = 0.047). Growth ratio (the proportion of body mass attained by ducklings when they were last measured relative to that predicted for wild female mallard ducklings) also was positively related to body mass at hatch (P = 0.004). Mean day-17 body mass and mean growth ratio of ducklings per brood (each adjusted for body mass at hatch) were positively related to numbers of aquatic invertebrates (Ps < 0.001) and negatively related to variance in the daily minimum air temperature during the exposure period (Ps < 0.020). Early growth of mallards was more sensitive to variation in numbers of invertebrates than to air temperature or biomass of invertebrates. Duckling survival was positively related to growth ratio (P < 0.001). Our study provides parameter estimates that are essential for modeling growth and survival of mallard ducklings. We emphasize the need for conserving brood-rearing wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region that are capable of supporting high densities of aquatic invertebrates.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802270","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., Hanson, M., Roy, C., Euliss, N., Johnson, D.H., and Butler, M.G., 1998, Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 1, p. 124-133, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802270.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, M.A.","contributorId":61393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, C.C.","contributorId":30589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016515,"text":"1016515 - 1998 - Large-scale fire disturbance: From concepts to models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:33:01","indexId":"1016515","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale fire disturbance: From concepts to models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., 1998, Large-scale fire disturbance: From concepts to models: Northwest Science, v. 72, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000791,"text":"1000791 - 1998 - A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T10:10:11","indexId":"1000791","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>), were accidentally introduced into the St. Louis River estuary, western Lake Superior, in the mid 1980s and it was feared that they might affect native fish through predation on eggs and competition for forage and habitat.  In an effort to control the abundance of ruffe and limit dispersal, a top-down control strategy using predators was implemented in 1989.  We used bioenergetics modeling to examine the efficacy of top-down control in the St. Louis River from 1991 to 1994.  Five predators--northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>), walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum vitreum</i>), smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieui</i>), brown bullhead (<i>Ictalurus nebulosus</i>), and yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>)--were modeled to determine their consumption of ruffe and four other native prey species-spottail shiner (<i>Notropis hudsonius</i>), emerald shiner (<i>Notropis atherinoides</i>), yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>), and black crappie (<i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i>). Although predators ate as much as 47% of the ruffe biomass in 1 year, they were not able to halt the increase in ruffe abundance.  The St. Louis River is an open system that allows predators to move freely out of the system, and the biomass of managed predators did not increase.  A selectivity index showed all five predators selected the native prey and avoided ruffe. The St. Louis River has several predator and prey species creating many complex predator-prey interactions; and top-down control of ruffe by the predators examined in this study did not occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X","usgsCitation":"Mayo, K.R., Selgeby, J.H., and McDonald, M., 1998, A bioenergetics modeling evaluation of top-down control of ruffe in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 24, no. 2, p. 329-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X.","productDescription":"p. 329-342","startPage":"329","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266587,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70824-X"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, Kathleen R.","contributorId":101237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Michael E.","contributorId":42178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015839,"text":"1015839 - 1998 - Fire, vegetation, and scale: Toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:19:06","indexId":"1015839","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire, vegetation, and scale: Toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, D., 1998, Fire, vegetation, and scale: Toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest: Northwest Science, v. 72, p. 49-65.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f440e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, D.","contributorId":34093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015914,"text":"1015914 - 1998 - Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T12:05:30.089496","indexId":"1015914","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The current conservation crisis calls for research and management to be carried out on a long-term, multi-species basis at large spatial scales. Unfortunately, scientists, managers, and agencies often are stymied in their effort to conduct these large-scale studies because of a lack of appropriate technology, methodology, and funding. This issue is of particular concern in wetland conservation, for which the standard landscape approach may include consideration of a large tract of land but fail to incorporate the suite of wetland sites frequently used by highly mobile organisms such as waterbirds (e.g., shorebirds, wading birds, waterfowl). Typically, these species have population dynamics that require use of multiple wetlands, but this aspect of their life history has often been ignored in planning for their conservation. We outline theoretical, empirical, modeling, and planning problems associated with this issue and suggest solutions to some current obstacles. These solutions represent a tradeoff between typical in-depth single-species studies and more generic multi-species studies. They include studying within- and among-season movements of waterbirds on a spatial scale appropriate to both widely dispersing and more stationary species; multi-species censuses at multiple sites; further development and use of technology such as satellite transmitters and population-specific molecular markers; development of spatially explicit population models that consider within-season movements of waterbirds; and recognition from funding agencies that landscape-level issues cannot adequately be addressed without support for these types of studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Mehlman, D., and Oring, L., 1998, Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 749-758, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehlman, D.W.","contributorId":9626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016509,"text":"1016509 - 1998 - Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1016509","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements","docAbstract":"Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of trees is important for the accurate visual display of unmapped stands. The proposed process for generating the spatial pattern is a nonsimple sequential inhibition process, with the inhibition zone proportionate to the scaled maximum crown width of an open-grown tree of the same species and same diameter at breast height as the subject tree. The results of this coordinate generation procedure are compared with mapped stem data from nine natural stands of Douglas-fir at two ages by the use of a transformed Ripley's K(d) function. The results of this comparison indicate that the proposed method, based on complete tree lists, successfully replicated the spatial patterns of the trees in all nine stands at both ages and over the range of distances examined. On the basis of these findings and the procedure's ability to model effects through time, the nonsimple sequential inhibition process has been chosen to generate tree coordinates in the VIZ4ST computer program for displaying forest stand structure in naturally regenerated young Douglas-fir stands. For. Sci.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanus, M., Hann, D., and Marshall, D., 1998, Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements: Forest Science, v. 44, no. 1, p. 125-133.","productDescription":"p. 125-133","startPage":"125","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanus, M.L.","contributorId":13193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanus","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hann, D.W.","contributorId":106451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hann","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, D.D.","contributorId":43719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7000038,"text":"7000038 - 1998 - Volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T18:24:28","indexId":"7000038","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Volcanoes","docAbstract":"Volcanoes destroy and volcanoes create. The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, made clear the awesome destructive power of a volcano. Yet, over a time span longer than human memory and record, volcanoes have played a key role in forming and modifying the planet upon which we live. More than 80 percent of the Earth's surface--above and below sea level--is of volcanic origin. Gaseous emissions from volcanic vents over hundreds of millions of years formed the Earth's earliest oceans and atmosphere, which supplied the ingredients vital to evolve and sustain life. Over geologic eons, countless volcanic eruptions have produced mountains, plateaus, and plains, which subsequent erosion and weathering have sculpted into majestic landscapes and formed fertile soils.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000038","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1998, Volcanoes: General Interest Publication, 45 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 24 cm.; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/7000038.","productDescription":"45 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 24 cm.; HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18606,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115654,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000038/report.pdf","size":"20760","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b6e4b07f02db5cbaa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7000063,"text":"7000063 - 1998 - The Chesapeake Bay bolide: Modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:09:49","indexId":"7000063","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The Chesapeake Bay bolide: Modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm","docAbstract":"<p>During the late Eocene, the formerly quiescent geological regime of the Virginia Coastal Plain was dramatically transformed when a bolide struck in the vicinity of the Delmarva Peninsula, and produced the following principal consequences:</p><ul><li>The bolide carved a roughly circular crater twice the size of the state of Rhode Island (~6400 km<sup>2)</sup>, and nearly as deep as the Grand Canyon (1.3 km deep).</li><li>The excavation truncated all existing ground water aquifers in the impact area by gouging ~4300 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of rock from the upper lithosphere, including Proterozoic and Paleozoic crystalline basement rocks and Middle Jurassic to upper Eocene sedimentary rocks.</li><li>A structural and topographic low formed over the crater.</li><li>The impact crater may have predetermined the present-day location of Chesapeake Bay.</li><li>A porous breccia lens, 600-1200 m thick, replaced local aquifers, resulting in ground water ~1.5 times saltier than normal sea water.</li><li>Long-term differential compaction and subsidence of the breccia lens spawned extensive fault systems in the area, which are potential hazards for local population centers in the Chesapeake Bay area.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","doi":"10.3133/7000063","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1998, The Chesapeake Bay bolide: Modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/7000063.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18616,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/epubs/bolide/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              42.69051116998238\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              42.69051116998238\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681986","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020254,"text":"70020254 - 1998 - Micas from the Pikes Peak batholith and its cogenetic granitic pegmatites, Colorado: Optical properties, composition, and correlation with pegmatite evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70020254","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Micas from the Pikes Peak batholith and its cogenetic granitic pegmatites, Colorado: Optical properties, composition, and correlation with pegmatite evolution","docAbstract":"Optical properties are presented for 66 samples of mica covering the range from annite ??? biotite ??? zinnwaldite ??? ferroan lepidolite and ferroan muscovite from occurrences of granitic pegmatite (NYF type) throughout the Pikes Peak batholith (PPB) in Colorado. Chemical composition was determined for 34 of these samples. The optical data are correlated with composition, mode of occurrence, and relation to pegmatite paragenesis. Optical properties of the trioctahedral micas show a consistent trend of decreasing ?? index of refraction, from an average of 1.693 in annite of the host granite to 1.577 in zinnwaldite and ferroan lepidolite of the miarolitic cavities, which correlates with a progressively decreasing content of Fe. A comparison of optical and compositional data for micas from localities throughout the PPB indicates a variation in geochemical evolution among pegmatites of different districts, and between the Pikes Peak Granite and its late satellite plutons. Analyses of mica samples taken from cross-sections through individual pegmatites reveal a decrease in index of refraction and total iron that unambiguously document a progressive geochemical evolution within a given pegmatite. Such data, in addition to field evidence, indicate that micas enclosed within massive quartz are paragenetically older than those within miarolitic cavities; minerals within miarolitic cavities represent the final stages of primary crystallization. A general model of pegmatite paragenesis is proposed that hypothesizes formation of miarolitic cavities as a consequence of pegmatite configuration and inclination, as well as early crystallization of massive quartz that confines the silicate melt and volatile phase, resulting in closed-system crystallization with a concomitant increase in pressure, consequent episodic cavity-rupture events, and corresponding changes in mica composition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., and Foord, E., 1998, Micas from the Pikes Peak batholith and its cogenetic granitic pegmatites, Colorado: Optical properties, composition, and correlation with pegmatite evolution: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 36, no. 2, p. 463-482.","startPage":"463","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5634e4b0c8380cd6d405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020245,"text":"70020245 - 1998 - Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020245","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers","docAbstract":"Groundwater in East Maui, Hawaii is traditionally described as a series of discrete aquifers perched on low-permeability units underlain by a basal lens with heads of about 2-3 m. An alternative concept, a fully saturated aquifer to as much as 1400 m elevation, was investigated using a numerical model with various horizontal hydraulic conductivity values and anisotropy ratios. Results indicate that horizontal hydraulic conductivity values between about 0.08 and 1.0 m per day and anisotropy ratios between 1:1 and 100:1 will produce simulated water tables that match observed water tables at 400-1400 m elevation. These values of hydraulic conductivity are consistent with available field data for hydraulic conductivity.Groundwater in East Maui, Hawaii is traditionally described as a series of discrete aquifers perched on low-permeability units underlain by a basal lens with heads of about 2-3 m. An alternative concept, a fully saturated aquifer to as much as 1400 m elevation, was investigated using a numerical model with various horizontal hydraulic conductivity values and anisotropy ratios. Results indicate that horizontal hydraulic conductivity values between about 0.08 and 1.0 m per day and anisotropy ratios between 1:1 and 100:1 will produce simulated water tables that match observed water tables at 400-1400 m elevation. These values of hydraulic conductivity are consistent with available field data for hydraulic conductivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Gingerich, S.B., 1998, Numerical modelling of vertically extensive groundwater bodies in Maui, Hawaii: An alternative to perched aquifers: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 253, p. 167-174.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"253","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6900e4b0c8380cd73af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingerich, S. B.","contributorId":83958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020238,"text":"70020238 - 1998 - Predicting CH4 adsorption capacity of microporous carbon using N2 isotherm and a new analytical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020238","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting CH4 adsorption capacity of microporous carbon using N2 isotherm and a new analytical model","docAbstract":"A new analytical pore size distribution (PSD) model was developed to predict CH4 adsorption (storage) capacity of microporous adsorbent carbon. The model is based on a 3-D adsorption isotherm equation, derived from statistical mechanical principles. Least squares error minimization is used to solve the PSD without any pre-assumed distribution function. In comparison with several well-accepted analytical methods from the literature, this 3-D model offers relatively realistic PSD description for select reference materials, including activated carbon fibers. N2 and CH4 adsorption data were correlated using the 3-D model for commercial carbons BPL and AX-21. Predicted CH4 adsorption isotherms, based on N2 adsorption at 77 K, were in reasonable agreement with the experimental CH4 isotherms. Modeling results indicate that not all the pores contribute the same percentage Vm/Vs for CH4 storage due to different adsorbed CH4 densities. Pores near 8-9 A?? shows higher Vm/Vs on the equivalent volume basis than does larger pores.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Chen, S., Rostam-Abadi, M., and Rood, M., 1998, Predicting CH4 adsorption capacity of microporous carbon using N2 isotherm and a new analytical model: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 43, no. 3, p. 596-599.","startPage":"596","endPage":"599","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a819de4b0c8380cd7b621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rood, M.J.","contributorId":15354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020214,"text":"70020214 - 1998 - Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:09:37.988984","indexId":"70020214","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture","docAbstract":"<p><span>Maps of surface displacement following the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, generated by interferometric processing of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, reveal effects of various postseismic deformation processes along the 1992 surface rupture. The large-scale pattern of the postseismic displacement field includes large lobes, mostly visible on the west side of the fault, comparable in shape with the lobes observed in the coseismic displacement field. This pattern and the steep displacement gradient observed near the Emerson-Camp Rock fault cannot be simply explained by afterslip on deep sections of the 1992 rupture. Models show that horizontal slip occurring on a buried dislocation in a Poisson's material produces a characteristic quadripole pattern in the surface displacement field with several centimeters of vertical motion at distances of 10–20 km from the fault, yet this pattern is not observed in the postseismic interferograms. As previously proposed to explain local strain in the fault step overs [</span><i>Peltzer et al</i><span>., 1996b], we argue that poroelastic rebound caused by pore fluid flow may also occur over greater distances from the fault, compensating the vertical ground shift produced by fault afterslip. Such a rebound is explained by the gradual change of the crustal rocks' Poisson's ratio value from undrained (coseismic) to drained (postseismic) conditions as pore pressure gradients produced by the earthquake dissipate. Using the Poisson's ratio values of 0.27 and 0.31 for the drained and undrained crustal rocks, respectively, elastic dislocation models show that the combined contributions of afterslip on deep sections of the fault and poroelastic rebound can account for the range change observed in the SAR data and the horizontal displacement measured at Global Positioning System (GPS) sites along a 60-km-long transect across the Emerson fault [</span><i>Savage and Svarc</i><span>, 1997]. Using a detailed surface slip distribution on the Homestead Valley, Kickapoo, and Johnson Valley faults, we modeled the poroelastic rebound in the Homestead Valley pull apart. A Poisson's ratio value of 0.35 for the undrained gouge rocks in the fault zone is required to account for the observed surface uplift in the 3.5 years following the earthquake. This large value implies a seismic velocity ratio&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of 2.1, consistent with the observed low&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;values of fault zone guided waves at shallow depth [</span><i>Li et al</i><span>., 1997]. The SAR data also reveal postseismic creep along shallow patches of the Eureka Peak and Burnt Mountain faults with a characteristic decay time of 0.8 years. Coseismic, dilatant hardening (locking process) followed by post-seismic, pore pressure controlled fault creep provide a plausible mechanism to account for the decay time of the observed slip rate along this section of the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB02302","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Peltzer, G., Rosen, P., Rogez, F., and Hudnut, K., 1998, Poroelastic rebound along the Landers 1992 earthquake surface rupture: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B12, p. 30131-30145, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02302.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"30131","endPage":"30145","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487320,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dd6e4b0c8380cd7a1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peltzer, G.","contributorId":41157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltzer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, P.","contributorId":48920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogez, F.","contributorId":26458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudnut, K.","contributorId":92439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020211,"text":"70020211 - 1998 - Precipitation interpolation in mountainous regions using multiple linear regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020211","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation interpolation in mountainous regions using multiple linear regression","docAbstract":"Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to spatially interpolate precipitation for simulating runoff in the Animas River basin of southwestern Colorado. MLR equations were defined for each time step using measured precipitation as dependent variables. Explanatory variables used in each MLR were derived for the dependent variable locations from a digital elevation model (DEM) using a geographic information system. The same explanatory variables were defined for a 5 ?? 5 km grid of the DEM. For each time step, the best MLR equation was chosen and used to interpolate precipitation onto the 5 ?? 5 km grid. The gridded values of precipitation provide a physically-based estimate of the spatial distribution of precipitation and result in reliable simulations of daily runoff in the Animas River basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., Viger, R., and McCabe, G., 1998, Precipitation interpolation in mountainous regions using multiple linear regression: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 33-38.","startPage":"33","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a811be4b0c8380cd7b38c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viger, R.","contributorId":29191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, G.","contributorId":77637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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