Geologic and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, have been completed in support of groundwater investigations, and are presented in eight chapters of this report. A generalized surficial geologic map along with field and borehole investigations conducted during 2010–11 provide a lithostratigraphic and structural framework for the area during the Cenozoic. Electromagnetic properties of resistivity were measured in the laboratory on hand and core samples, and compared to borehole geophysical resistivity data. These data were used in conjunction with ground-based time-domain and airborne data and interpretations to provide a framework for the shallow lithologic units and structure. Gravity and aeromagnetic maps cover areas ~4 to 5 times that of Fort Irwin. Each chapter includes hydrogeologic applications of the data or model results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2013–1024, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024.","productDescription":"9 Chapters","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/ofr2013-1024_cover.pdf","text":"Cover image","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 79 time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings were collected in 12 groundwater basins in the U.S. Army Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC) study area to help improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the NTC. The TEM data are discussed in this chapter in the context of geologic observations of the study area, the details of which are provided in the other chapters of this volume. Selection of locations for TEM soundings in unexplored basins was guided by gravity data that estimated depth to pre-Tertiary basement complex of crystalline rock and alluvial thickness. Some TEM data were collected near boreholes with geophysical logs. The TEM response at locations near boreholes was used to evaluate sounding data for areas without boreholes. TEM models also were used to guide site selection of subsequent boreholes drilled as part of this study. Following borehole completion, geophysical logs were used to ground-truth and reinterpret previously collected TEM data. This iterative process was used to site subsequent TEM soundings and borehole locations as the study progressed. Although each groundwater subbasin within the NTC boundaries was explored using the TEM method, collection of TEM data was focused in those basins identified as best suited for development of water resources. At the NTC, TEM estimates of some lithologic thicknesses and electrical properties in the unsaturated zone are in good accordance with borehole data; however, water-table elevations were not easily identifiable from TEM data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Burgess, M.K., and Bedrosian, P.A., 2014, Time-domain electromagnetic surveys at Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County, California, 2010–12, chap. F of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024F.","productDescription":"Report: v, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"69","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044319","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/f/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/f/downloads/ofr2013-1024_f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The prairie pothole region (PPR) in the north-central United States and south-central Canada constitutes the most important waterfowl breeding area in North America. Projected long-term changes in precipitation and temperature may alter the drivers of waterfowl abundance: wetland availability and emergent vegetation cover. Previous studies have focused on isolated wetland dynamics, but the implications of changing precipitation on managed, river-fed wetlands have not been addressed. Using a structured decision making (SDM) approach, we derived optimal water management actions for 20 years at four river-fed National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in North and South Dakota under contrasting increasing/decreasing (+/−0.4 %/year) inflow scenarios derived from empirical trends. Refuge pool depth is manipulated by control structures. Optimal management involves setting control structure heights that have the highest probability of providing a desired mix of waterfowl habitat, given refuge capacities and inflows. We found optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge were essentially the same under increasing and decreasing inflow trends of 0.4 %/year over the next 20 years. Results suggest managed pools in the NWRs receive large inflows relative to their capacities. Hence, water availability does not constrain management; pool bathymetry and management tactics can be greater constraints on attaining management objectives than climate-mediated inflow. We present time-dependent optimal seasonal control structure heights for each refuge, which are resilient to the non-stationary precipitation scenarios we examined. Managers can use this information to provide a desired mixture of wildlife habitats, and to re-assess management objectives in reserves where pool bathymetry prevents attaining the currently stated objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8","usgsCitation":"Nicol, S., Griffith, B., Austin, J.E., and Hunter, C.M., 2014, Optimal water depth management on river-fed National Wildlife Refuges in a changing climate: Climatic Change, v. 124, no. 1, p. 271-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036088","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s10584-013-1033-8","text":"External Repository"},{"id":314866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61002fe4b06e28e9c2539b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicol, Samuel","contributorId":58562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicol","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12496,"text":"CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":589771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Christine M.","contributorId":85717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193627,"text":"70193627 - 2014 - Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T08:21:42","indexId":"70193627","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption","docAbstract":"We used the volcanic ash transport and dispersion model Ash3d to estimate the distribution of ashfall that would result from a modern-day Plinian supereruption at Yellowstone volcano. The simulations required modifying Ash3d to consider growth of a continent-scale umbrella cloud and its interaction with ambient wind fields. We simulated eruptions lasting 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month, each producing 330 km3 of volcanic ash, dense-rock equivalent (DRE). Results demonstrate that radial expansion of the umbrella cloud is capable of driving ash upwind (westward) and crosswind (N-S) in excess of 1500 km, producing more-or-less radially symmetric isopachs that are only secondarily modified by ambient wind. Deposit thicknesses are decimeters to meters in the northern Rocky Mountains, centimeters to decimeters in the northern Midwest, and millimeters to centimeters on the East, West, and Gulf Coasts. Umbrella cloud growth may explain the extremely widespread dispersal of the ∼640 ka and 2.1 Ma Yellowstone tephra deposits in the eastern Pacific, northeastern California, southern California, and South Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005469","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2014, Modeling ash fall distribution from a Yellowstone supereruption: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 8, p. 3459-3475, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005469.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3459","endPage":"3475","ipdsId":"IP-051368","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea9e4b0531197b27f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":140076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa R.","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189609,"text":"70189609 - 2014 - Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:14:46","indexId":"70189609","displayToPublicDate":"2017-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence","docAbstract":"In this study, rock friction ‘stick-slip’ experiments are used to develop constraints on models of earthquake recurrence. Constant-rate loading of bare rock surfaces in high quality experiments produces stick-slip recurrence that is periodic at least to second order. When the loading rate is varied, recurrence is approximately inversely proportional to loading rate. These laboratory events initiate due to a slip rate-dependent process that also determines the size of the stress drop [Dieterich, 1979; Ruina, 1983] and as a consequence, stress drop varies weakly but systematically with loading rate [e.g., Gu and Wong, 1991; Karner and Marone, 2000; McLaskey et al., 2012]. This is especially evident in experiments where the loading rate is changed by orders of magnitude, as is thought to be the loading condition of naturally occurring, small repeating earthquakes driven by afterslip, or low-frequency earthquakes loaded by episodic slip. As follows from the previous studies referred to above, experimentally observed stress drops are well described by a logarithmic dependence on recurrence interval that can be cast as a non-linear slip-predictable model. The fault’s rate dependence of strength is the key physical parameter. Additionally, even at constant loading rate the most reproducible laboratory recurrence is not exactly periodic, unlike existing friction recurrence models. We present example laboratory catalogs that document the variance and show that in large catalogs, even at constant loading rate, stress drop and recurrence co-vary systematically. The origin of this covariance is largely consistent with variability of the dependence of fault strength on slip rate. Laboratory catalogs show aspects of both slip and time predictability and successive stress drops are strongly correlated indicating a ‘memory’ of prior slip history that extends over at least one recurrence cycle.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011184","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Tullis, T., Junger, J., Kilgore, B.D., and Goldsby, D.L., 2014, Laboratory constraints on models of earthquake recurrence: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 119, no. 12, p. 8770-8791, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011184.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"8770","endPage":"8791","ipdsId":"IP-059672","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbbe4b0d1f9f065a8df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tullis, Terry","contributorId":194801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tullis","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Junger, Jenni","contributorId":194802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Junger","given":"Jenni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldsby, David L.","contributorId":194803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsby","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188574,"text":"70188574 - 2014 - Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T15:58:43","indexId":"70188574","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California","docAbstract":"Debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the Transverse Ranges of southern California pose severe hazards to nearby communities and infrastructure. Frequent wildfires denude hillslopes and increase the likelihood of these hazardous events. Debris-retention basins protect communities and infrastructure from the impacts of debris flows and sediment-laden floods and also provide critical data for volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets. In this study, we supplement existing data for the volumes of sediment deposited at watershed outlets with newly acquired data to develop new empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment produced by watersheds located in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. The sediment volume data represent a broad sample of conditions found in Ventura, Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California.\n\nThe measured volumes of sediment, watershed morphology, distributions of burn severity within each watershed, the time since the most recent fire, triggering storm rainfall conditions, and engineering soil properties were analyzed using multiple linear regressions to develop two models. A “long-term model” was developed for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by both debris flows and floods at various times since the most recent fire from a database of volumes of sediment deposited by a combination of debris flows and sediment-laden floods with no time limit since the most recent fire (n = 344). A subset of this database was used to develop an “emergency assessment model” for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire (n = 92). Prior to developing the models, 32 volumes of sediment, and related parameters for watershed morphology, burn severity and rainfall conditions were retained to independently validate the long-term model. Ten of these volumes of sediment were deposited by debris flows within two years of a fire and were used to validate the emergency assessment model. The models were validated by comparing predicted and measured volumes of sediment. These validations were also performed for previously developed models and identify that the models developed here best predict volumes of sediment for burned watersheds in comparison to previously developed models.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.008","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., and Santi, P.M., 2014, Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California: Engineering Geology, v. 176, no. 24, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-055505","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County, San Bernadino 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cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santi, Paul M","contributorId":192990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santi","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133137,"text":"70133137 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey external quality-assurance project report for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program / National Trends Network and Mercury Deposition Network, 2011-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T17:15:07","indexId":"70133137","displayToPublicDate":"2017-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NADP QA Report 2014-01","title":"U.S. Geological Survey external quality-assurance project report for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program / National Trends Network and Mercury Deposition Network, 2011-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey operated six distinct programs to provide external quality-assurance monitoring for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) / National Trends Network (NTN) and Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) during 2011–2012. The field-audit program assessed the effects of onsite exposure, sample handling, and shipping on the chemistry of NTN samples; a system-blank program assessed the same effects for MDN. Two interlaboratory-comparison programs assessed the bias and variability of the chemical analysis data from the Central Analytical Laboratory and Mercury Analytical Laboratory (HAL). A blind-audit program was implemented for the MDN during 2011 to evaluate analytical bias in HAL total mercury concentration data. The co-located–sampler program was used to identify and quantify potential shifts in NADP data resulting from the replacement of original network instrumentation with new electronic recording rain gages and precipitation collectors that use optical precipitation sensors.
The results indicate that NADP data continue to be of sufficient quality for the analysis of spatial distributions and time trends of chemical constituents in wet deposition across the United States. Co-located rain gage results indicate -3.7 to +6.5 percent bias in NADP precipitation-depth measurements. Co-located collector results suggest that the retrofit of the NADP networks with the new precipitation collectors could cause +10 to +36 percent shifts in NADP annual deposition values for ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate; -7.5 to +41 percent shifts for hydrogen-ion deposition; and larger shifts (-51 to +52 percent) for calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride. The prototype N-CON Systems bucket collector typically catches more precipitation than the NADP-approved Aerochem Metrics Model 301 collector.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute, Illinois State Water Survey","publisherLocation":"Champaign, IL","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., and Martin, R., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey external quality-assurance project report for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program / National Trends Network and Mercury Deposition Network, 2011-2012, viii, 52 p.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","ipdsId":"IP-050735","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b4e4b0764e6c63eacd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, RoseAnn ramartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"RoseAnn","email":"ramartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169892,"text":"70169892 - 2014 - USGS/EPA collection protocol for bacterial pathogens in soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T09:53:53","indexId":"70169892","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-14/027","title":"USGS/EPA collection protocol for bacterial pathogens in soil","docAbstract":"This Sample Collection Procedure (SCP) describes the activities and considerations for the collection of bacterial pathogens from representative surface soil samples (0-5 cm). This sampling depth can be reached without the use of a drill rig, direct-push technology, or other mechanized equipment.
This procedure can be used in most soil types but is limited to sampling at or near the ground surface. This protocol has components for two different types of sampling applications: (1) typical sampling, when there is no suspicion of contamination (e.g., surveillance or background studies); and (2) in response to known or suspected accidental contamination (e.g., the presence of animal carcasses). This protocol does not cover sampling in response to a suspected bioterrorist or intentional release event.
Surface material is removed to the required depth (0-5 cm) and clean trowel or 50 ml sample tube is used to collect the sample. Sample containers are sealed, bagged, and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. Associated documentation, including a Field Data Log and Chain-of-Custody are also included in this document.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Shaefer, F., Bowling, C., Mattorano, D., Nichols, T., and Erin Silvestri, 2014, USGS/EPA collection protocol for bacterial pathogens in soil (1.0), Report: vi, 34 p.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-045336","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=285571"}],"country":"United States","edition":"1.0","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dde9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaefer, F.L.","contributorId":91169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaefer","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowling, Charlena","contributorId":168331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowling","given":"Charlena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mattorano, Dino","contributorId":168332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mattorano","given":"Dino","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nichols, Tonya","contributorId":168334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Tonya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Erin Silvestri","contributorId":168333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erin Silvestri","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70179913,"text":"70179913 - 2014 - Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T09:26:33","indexId":"70179913","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"55","title":"Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2014","docAbstract":"This is the fifty-first in a series of annual reports that describe groundwater conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing groundwater conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, groundwater withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to wells constructed for new appropriations of groundwater. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas that are important to a discussion of changing groundwater conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of groundwater development in the State for calendar year 2013. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is also available online at http://www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water. usgs.gov/publications/GW2014.pdf. Groundwater conditions in Utah for calendar year 2012 are reported in Burden and others (2013) and are available online at http://ut.water.usgs. gov/publications/GW2013.pdf
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., Birken, A.S., Gerner, S.J., Carricaburu, J.P., Derrick, V.N., Downhour, P., Smith, L., Eacret, R.J., Gibson, T.L., Slaugh, B.A., Whittier, N.R., Howells, J.H., Christiansen, H.K., and Fisher, M.J., 2014, Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2014: Cooperative Investigations Report 55, x, 118 p.","productDescription":"x, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2014.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833023e4b0d00231637796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birken, Adam S.","contributorId":178617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birken","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carricaburu, John P.","contributorId":178619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carricaburu","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derrick, V. Noah","contributorId":178618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derrick","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Noah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Downhour, Paul downhour@usgs.gov","contributorId":968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downhour","given":"Paul","email":"downhour@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Lincoln","contributorId":178614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Lincoln","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eacret, Robert J. rjeacret@usgs.gov","contributorId":971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eacret","given":"Robert","email":"rjeacret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gibson, Travis L.","contributorId":178615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Slaugh, Bradley A. baslaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaugh","given":"Bradley","email":"baslaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whittier, Nickolas R.","contributorId":178616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Howells, James H. jhowells@usgs.gov","contributorId":969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"James","email":"jhowells@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Christiansen, Howard K.","contributorId":47830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fisher, Martel J. mjfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Martel","email":"mjfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70115891,"text":"70115891 - 2014 - Response to L. Land comment on Bricker, Rice, Bricker (2014) From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary. Aquatic Geochemistry 20: 291-324","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T20:53:46.205726","indexId":"70115891","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to L. Land comment on Bricker, Rice, Bricker (2014) From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary. Aquatic Geochemistry 20: 291-324","docAbstract":"Overabundance of nutrients is considered one of the top challenges to most populated coastal water bodies, including Chesapeake Bay (Executive Order 13508). As scientists, one of our responsibilities is to contribute to the discussion and evaluation of management actions that have the potential to decrease pollution with concomitant improvement of water quality. Results of our science should inform the legislative process for public policy. Bricker et al. (2014) consider the use of shellfish (i.e., oysters) to remediate nutrient pollution in the Potomac River Estuary (PRE), a tributary to Chesapeake Bay. This concept, termed bioextraction, has generated interest around the globe and has shown promise as a nutrient-removal method in other estuaries and with other shellfish species (Lindahl et al. 2005; Ferreira et al. 2009; Shumway 2011; Silva et al. 2011; Carmichael et al. 2012; Pollack et al. 2013; Rose et al. 2014).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-014-9233-z","usgsCitation":"Bricker, S.B., Rice, K.C., and Bricker, I.O., 2014, Response to L. Land comment on Bricker, Rice, Bricker (2014) From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary. Aquatic Geochemistry 20: 291-324: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 5, p. 459-463, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-014-9233-z.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"463","ipdsId":"IP-057597","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333174,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70101080","text":"From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of human activities on water quality of the Potomac River Estuary"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5877230be4b0315b4c11fe6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Suzanne B.","contributorId":64555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bricker","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, III Owen Owen, P.","contributorId":119804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"III","suffix":"Owen, P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Owen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179707,"text":"70179707 - 2014 - Comparison of mineral weathering and biomass nutrient uptake in two small forested watersheds underlain by quartzite bedrock, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T10:07:12","indexId":"70179707","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of mineral weathering and biomass nutrient uptake in two small forested watersheds underlain by quartzite bedrock, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"To quantify chemical weathering and biological uptake, mass-balance calculations were performed on two small forested watersheds located in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province in north-central Maryland, USA. Both watersheds, Bear Branch (BB) and Fishing Creek Tributary (FCT), are underlain by relatively unreactive quartzite bedrock. Such unreactive bedrock and associated low chemical-weathering rates offer the opportunity to quantify biological processes operating within the watershed. Hydrologic and stream-water chemistry data were collected from the two watersheds for the 9-year period from June 1, 1990 to May 31, 1999. Of the two watersheds, FCT exhibited both higher chemical-weathering rates and biomass nutrient uptake rates, suggesting that forest biomass aggradation was limited by the rate of chemical weathering of the bedrock. Although the chemical-weathering rate in the FCT watershed was low relative to the global average, it masked the influence of biomass base-cation uptake on stream-water chemistry. Any differences in bedrock mineralogy between the two watersheds did not exert a significant influence on the overall weathering stoichiometry. The difference in chemical-weathering rates between the two watersheds is best explained by a larger proportion of reactive phyllitic layers within the bedrock of the FCT watershed. Although the stream gradient of BB is about two-times greater than that of FCT, its influence on chemical weathering appears to be negligible. The findings of this study support the biomass nutrient uptake stoichiometry of K1.0Mg1.1Ca0.97 previously determined for the study site. Investigations of the chemical weathering of relatively unreactive quartzite bedrock may provide insight into critical zone processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9205-8","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Price, J.R., 2014, Comparison of mineral weathering and biomass nutrient uptake in two small forested watersheds underlain by quartzite bedrock, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 225-242, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9205-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"242","ipdsId":"IP-043877","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Frederick","otherGeospatial":"Catoctin Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.50957489013672,\n 39.525494363862606\n ],\n [\n -77.50957489013672,\n 39.67019926771586\n ],\n [\n -77.37361907958984,\n 39.67019926771586\n ],\n [\n -77.37361907958984,\n 39.525494363862606\n ],\n [\n -77.50957489013672,\n 39.525494363862606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5878a48de4b04df303d9581c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":178269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":658360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Jason R.","contributorId":178278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176232,"text":"70176232 - 2014 - Fate of nutrients in shallow groundwater receiving treated septage, Malibu, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T20:06:38","indexId":"70176232","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of nutrients in shallow groundwater receiving treated septage, Malibu, CA","docAbstract":"Treated wastewater discharged from more than 400 onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) near the Civic Center area of Malibu, California, 40 km west of downtown Los Angeles, composes 28% of the recharge to a 3.4 km2 alluvial aquifer. On the basis of δ18O and δD data, the fraction of wastewater in some samples was >70%. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in water from 15 water-table wells sampled in July 2009 and April 2010 ranged from <0.01 to 12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L as N), and from <0.01 to 11 mg/L as N, respectively. Chemical and isotopic data (δ15N of ammonium and nitrate, and δ18O of nitrate) show two processes remove nitrogen discharged from OWTS. Where groundwater was reducing, sorption of ammonium resulted in 30 to 50% nitrogen removal. Where groundwater was initially oxic, nitrification with subsequent denitrification as reducing conditions developed, resulted in up to 60% nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal through sorption dominated during the cooler April sample period, and denitrification dominated during the warmer July sample period. The combination of mixing and nitrogen removal due to denitrification, sorption, and volatilization produces a δ15N apparent fractionation factor (εapp= -5), that can be explained using laboratory-derived fractionation factors (ε) for the individual processes. Phosphate concentrations ranged from <0.04 to 2 mg/L as phosphorous. Sorption to iron oxides on the surfaces of mineral grains at near-neutral pH's removed some phosphate; however, little removal occurred at more alkaline pH's (>7.3).
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12194","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., 2014, Fate of nutrients in shallow groundwater receiving treated septage, Malibu, CA: Groundwater, v. 52, no. Supplement S1, p. 218-233, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12194.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043823","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.675,\n 34.02\n ],\n [\n -118.675,\n 34.05\n ],\n [\n -118.7,\n 34.05\n ],\n [\n -118.7,\n 34.02\n ],\n [\n -118.675,\n 34.02\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"Supplement S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cd379ae4b0f2f0cec49185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174176,"text":"70174176 - 2014 - Fine scale habitat use by age-1 stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike in an upper St. Lawrence River bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T18:19:58","indexId":"70174176","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine scale habitat use by age-1 stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike in an upper St. Lawrence River bay","docAbstract":"Radio telemetry of stocked muskellunge (n = 6) and wild northern pike (n = 6) was used to track late summer and fall movements from a common release point in a known shared nursery bay to test the hypothesis that age-1 northern pike and stocked muskellunge segregate and have different habitat affinities. Water depth, temperature, substrate and aquatic vegetation variables were estimated for each muskellunge (n = 103) and northern pike (n = 131) position and nested ANOVA comparisons by species indicated differences in habitat use. Muskellunge exhibited a greater displacement from the release point and used habitat in shallower water depths (mean = 0.85 m, SE = 0.10) than northern pike (mean = 1.45 m, SE = 0.08). Both principal components analysis (PCA) and principal components ordination (PCO) were used to interpret underlying gradients relative to fish positions in two-dimensional space. Our analysis indicated that a separation of age-1 northern pike and muskellunge occurred 7 d post-release. This first principal component explained 48% of the variation in habitat use. Northern pike locations were associated with deeper habitats that generally had softer silt substrates and dense submersed vegetation. Muskellunge locations post-acclimation showed greater association with shallower habitats containing firmer sandy and clay substrates and emergent vegetation. The observed differences in habitat use suggest that fine-scale ecological separation occurred between these stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike, but small sample sizes and potential for individual variation limit extension of these conclusions. Further research is needed to determine if these patterns exist between larger samples of fishes over a greater range of habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.014","usgsCitation":"Farrell, J.M., Kapuscinski, K.L., and Underwood, H.B., 2014, Fine scale habitat use by age-1 stocked muskellunge and wild northern pike in an upper St. Lawrence River bay: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, Supplement 2, p. 148-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.01.014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061058","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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L.","contributorId":172506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapuscinski","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27059,"text":"State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 304 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, H. Brian 0000-0002-2064-9128 hbunderw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":140185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.","email":"hbunderw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175170,"text":"70175170 - 2014 - Influences of glacial melt and permafrost thaw on the age of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T11:59:33","indexId":"70175170","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-25T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of glacial melt and permafrost thaw on the age of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River basin","docAbstract":"Responses of near-surface permafrost and glacial ice to climate change are of particular significance for understanding long-term effects on global carbon cycling and carbon export by high-latitude northern rivers. Here we report Δ14C-dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values and dissolved organic matter optical data for the Yukon River, 15 tributaries of the Yukon River, glacial meltwater, and groundwater and soil water end-member sources draining to the Yukon River, with the goal of assessing mobilization of aged DOC within the watershed. Ancient DOC was associated with glacial meltwater and groundwater sources. In contrast, DOC from watersheds dominated by peat soils and underlain by permafrost was typically enriched in Δ14C indicating that degradation of ancient carbon stores is currently not occurring at large enough scales to quantitatively influence bulk DOC exports from those landscapes. On an annual basis, DOC exported was predominantly modern during the spring period throughout the Yukon River basin and became older through summer-fall and winter periods, suggesting that contributions of older DOC from soils, glacial meltwaters, and groundwater are significant during these months. Our data indicate that rapidly receding glaciers and increasing groundwater inputs will likely result in greater contributions of older DOC in the Yukon River and its tributaries in coming decades.
A terminal lake basin in west-central Nevada, Walker Lake, has undergone drastic change over the past 90 yrs due to upstream water use for agriculture. Decreased inflows to the lake have resulted in 100 km2 decrease in lake surface area and a total loss of fisheries due to salinization. The ecologic health of Walker Lake is of great concern as the lake is a stopover point on the Pacific route for migratory birds from within and outside the United States. Stakeholders, water institutions, and scientists have engaged in collaborative modeling and the development of a decision support system that is being used to develop and analyze management change options to restore the lake. Here we use an integrated management and hydrologic model that relies on state-of-the-art simulation capabilities to evaluate the benefits of using integrated hydrologic models as components of a decision support system. Nonlinear feedbacks among climate, surface-water and groundwater exchanges, and water use present challenges for simulating realistic outcomes associated with management change. Integrated management and hydrologic modeling provides a means of simulating benefits associated with management change in the Walker River basin where drastic changes in the hydrologic landscape have taken place over the last century. Through the collaborative modeling process, stakeholder support is increasing and possibly leading to management change options that result in reductions in Walker Lake salt concentrations, as simulated by the decision support system.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.043","collaboration":"Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R.G., Allander, K.K., and Jeton, A.E., 2014, Collaborative modelling and integrated decision support system analysis of a developed terminal lake basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 517, p. 521-537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.043.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"537","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052113","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.2403564453125,\n 38.30071455572194\n ],\n [\n -118.2403564453125,\n 38.30071455572194\n ],\n [\n -118.2403564453125,\n 38.30071455572194\n ],\n [\n -118.2403564453125,\n 38.30071455572194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5806884765625,\n 38.27053224010455\n ],\n [\n -119.5806884765625,\n 39.13432124527173\n ],\n [\n -118.28979492187499,\n 39.13432124527173\n ],\n [\n -118.28979492187499,\n 38.27053224010455\n ],\n [\n -119.5806884765625,\n 38.27053224010455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"517","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fe3c22e4b075ab2b2aa095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":152462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173497,"text":"70173497 - 2014 - Reduced disease in black abalone following mass mortality: Phage therapy and natural selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T11:08:47","indexId":"70173497","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-18T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1702,"text":"Frontiers in Microbiology","onlineIssn":"1664-302X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced disease in black abalone following mass mortality: Phage therapy and natural selection","docAbstract":"Black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, populations along the NE Pacific ocean have declined due to the rickettsial disease withering syndrome (WS). Natural recovery on San Nicolas Island (SNI) of Southern California suggested the development of resistance in island populations. Experimental challenges in one treatment demonstrated that progeny of disease-selected black abalone from SNI survived better than did those from naïve black abalone from Carmel Point in mainland coastal central California. Unexpectedly, the presence of a newly observed bacteriophage infecting the WS rickettsia (WS-RLO) had strong effects on the survival of infected abalone. Specifically, presence of phage-infected RLO (RLOv) reduced the host response to infection, RLO infection loads, and associated mortality. These data suggest that the black abalone: WS-RLO relationship is evolving through dual host mechanisms of resistance to RLO infection in the digestive gland via tolerance to infection in the primary target tissue (the post-esophagus) coupled with reduced pathogenicity of the WS-RLO by phage infection, which effectively reduces the infection load in the primary target tissue by half. Sea surface temperature patterns off southern California, associated with a recent hiatus in global-scale ocean warming, do not appear to be a sufficient explanation for survival patterns in SNI black abalone. These data highlight the potential for natural recovery of abalone populations over time and that further understanding of mechanisms governing host–parasite relationships will better enable us to manage declining populations.
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ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-04T09:24:19","indexId":"70168981","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-10T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages","docAbstract":"High-resolution bathymetric surveys from autonomous underwater vehicles ABE and D. Allan B. were merged to create a coregistered map of 71.7 km2 of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera in cores from three dives of remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts provide minimum eruption ages for 40 lava flows that are combined with the bathymetric data to outline the eruptive and tectonic history. The ages range from Modern to 10,700 marine-calibrated years before present (yr BP). During a robust magmatic phase from >10,700 yr BP to ~4300 yr BP, flows erupted from an axial high and many flowed >5 km down the flanks; some partly buried adjacent valleys. Axial magma chambers (AMCs) may have been wider than today to supply dike intrusions over a 2 km wide axial zone. Summit Seamount formed by ~4770 yr BP and was subsequently dismembered during a period of extension with little volcanism starting ~4300 yr BP. This tectonic phase with only rare volcanic eruptions lasted until ~2300 yr BP and may have resulted in near-solidification of the AMCs. The axial graben formed by crustal extension during this period of low magmatic activity. Infrequent eruptions occurred on the flanks between 2620–1760 yr BP and within the axial graben since ~1750 yr BP. This most recent phase of limited volcanic and intense hydrothermal activity that began ~2300 yr BP defines a hydrothermal phase of ridge development that coincides with the present-day 1 km wide AMCs and overlying hydrothermal vent fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005415","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., Dreyer, B.M., Paduan, J.B., Martin, J.F., Caress, D., Gillespie, J.B., Kelley, D.S., Thomas, H., Portner, R.A., Delaney, J., Guilderson, T.P., and McGann, M., 2014, Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 8, p. 3364-3391, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005415.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3364","endPage":"3391","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062673","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005415","text":"Publisher Index 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In the eastward drive from “Bradbury Landing” to “Rocknest,” they account for about half of the float and outcrop seen by Curiosity's cameras. Many are faceted and exhibit abrasion textures found at a range of scales, from submillimeter lineations to centimeter-scale facets, scallops, flutes, and grooves. The drive path geometry in the first 100 sols of the mission emphasized the identification of abrasion facets and textures formed by westerly flow. This upwind direction is inconsistent with predictions based on models and the orientation of regional dunes, suggesting that these ventifact features formed from very rare high-speed winds. The absence of active sand and evidence for deflation in the area indicates that most of the ventifacts are fossil features experiencing little abrasion today.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JE004579","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., Calef, F., Hallett, B., Herkenhoff, K.E., Lanza, N., Le Mouélic, S., Newman, C., Blaney, D., Pablo, D., Kocurek, G., Langevin, Y., Lewis, K., Mangold, N., Maurice, S., Meslin, P., Pinet, P., Renno, N., Rice, C., Richardson, M., Sautter, V., Sletten, R., Wiens, R.C., and Yingst, R., 2014, The rock abrasion record at Gale Crater: Mars Science Laboratory results from Bradbury Landing to Rocknest: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 119, p. 1374-1389, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JE004579.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1374","endPage":"1389","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052431","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013je004579","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bradbury Landing, Gale Crater, Mars, Rocknest","volume":"119","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913ece4b07657d19ff2a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calef, F.J. 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The earthquake ruptured within a series of long faults that pose significant hazard to the Bay area, and we are thus concerned with potential increases in the probability of a large earthquake through stress transfer. We conduct this exercise as a prospective test because the skill of stress‐based aftershock forecasting methodology is inconclusive. We apply three methods: (1) generalized mapping of regional Coulomb stress change, (2) stress changes resolved on Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast faults, and (3) a mapped rate/state aftershock forecast. All calculations were completed within 24 h after the main shock and were made without benefit of known aftershocks, which will be used to evaluative the prospective forecast. All methods suggest that we should expect heightened seismicity on parts of the southern Rodgers Creek, northern Hayward, and Green Valley faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062379","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Segou, M., Sevilgen, V., Milner, K., Field, E., Toda, S., and Stein, R.S., 2014, Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h post mainshock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, p. 8792-8799, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062379.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8792","endPage":"8799","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061472","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062379","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County, Napa County, Solanoa County, Sonoma County","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.73162487017297\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.09243774414062,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.09243774414062,\n 37.73162487017297\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.73162487017297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a654be4b07657d1a11e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segou, Margaret","contributorId":140800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segou","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13572,"text":"Geoscience Azur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sevilgen, Volkan vsevilgen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevilgen","given":"Volkan","email":"vsevilgen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":640075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milner, Kevin","contributorId":28886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70173902,"text":"70173902 - 2014 - Survival and reproduction of myxobolus cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout introduced to the colorado river and increased resistance of age-0 progeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T12:25:46","indexId":"70173902","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-08T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and reproduction of myxobolus cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout introduced to the colorado river and increased resistance of age-0 progeny","docAbstract":"Myxobolus cerebralis caused severe declines in rainbow trout populations across Colorado following its introduction in the 1980s. One promising approach for the recovery of Colorado’s rainbow trout populations has been the production of rainbow trout that are genetically resistant to the parasite. We introduced one of these resistant crosses, known as the GR×CRR (cross between the German Rainbow [GR] and Colorado River Rainbow [CRR] trout strains), to the upper Colorado River. The abundance, survival, and growth of the stocked GR×CRR population was examined to determine if GR×CRRs had contributed offspring to the age-0 population, and determine whether these offspring displayed increased resistance and survival characteristics compared to their wild CRR counterparts. Apparent survival of the introduced GR×CRR over the entire study period was estimated to be 0.007 (±0.001). Despite low survival of the GR×CRRs, age-0 progeny of the GR×CRR were encountered in years 2008 through 2011. Genetic assignments revealed a shift in the genetic composition of the rainbow trout fry population over time, with CRR fish comprising the entirety of the fry population in 2007, and GR-cross fish comprising nearly 80% of the fry population in 2011. A decrease in average infection severity (myxospores fish−1) was observed concurrent with the shift in the genetic composition of the rainbow trout fry population, decreasing from an average of 47,708 (±8,950) myxospores fish−1 in 2009 to 2,672 (±4,379) myxospores fish−1 in 2011. Results from this experiment suggest that the GR×CRR can survive and reproduce in rivers with a high prevalence of M. cerebralis. In addition, reduced myxospore burdens in age-0 fish indicated that stocking this cross may ultimately lead to an overall reduction in infection prevalence and severity in the salmonid populations of the upper Colorado River.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","publisherLocation":"San Francisco","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0096954","usgsCitation":"Winkelman, D.L., Fetherman, E.R., Baerwald, M.R., and Schisler, G.J., 2014, Survival and reproduction of myxobolus cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout introduced to the colorado river and increased resistance of age-0 progeny: PLoS ONE, e96954; 11 p, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096954.","productDescription":"e96954; 11 p","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053677","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern United States, tip of northwestern Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -105.22705078125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -105.22705078125,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 32.45415593941475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c38e4b07657d19a6a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fetherman, Eric R.","contributorId":15096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fetherman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baerwald, Melinda R.","contributorId":171890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baerwald","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schisler, George J.","contributorId":32432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schisler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173456,"text":"70173456 - 2014 - Evaluation of catch-and-release regulations on Brook Trout in Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T14:47:53","indexId":"70173456","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-26T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of catch-and-release regulations on Brook Trout in Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"In 2004, the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission implemented catch-and-release (CR) regulations on headwater stream systems to determine if eliminating angler harvest would result in an increase in the number of adult (≥100 mm) or large (≥175 mm) Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Under the CR regulations, angling was permitted on a year-round basis, no Brook Trout could be harvested at any time, and there were no tackle restrictions. A before-after–control-impact design was used to evaluate the experimental regulations. Brook Trout populations were monitored in 16 treatment (CR regulations) and 7 control streams (statewide regulations) using backpack electrofishing gear periodically for up to 15 years (from 1990 to 2003 or 2004) before the implementation of the CR regulations and over a 7–8-year period (from 2004 or 2005 to 2011) after implementation. We used Poisson mixed models to evaluate whether electrofishing catch per effort (CPE; catch/100 m2) of adult (≥100 mm) or large (≥175 mm) Brook Trout increased in treatment streams as a result of implementing CR regulations. Brook Trout CPE varied among sites and among years, and there was no significant effect (increase or decrease) of CR regulations on the CPE of adult or large Brook Trout. Results of our evaluation suggest that CR regulations were not effective at improving the CPE of adult or large Brook Trout in Pennsylvania streams. Low angler use, high voluntary catch and release, and slow growth rates in infertile headwater streams are likely the primary reasons for the lack of response.
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Fractional SCA mapping provides more information than binary SCA, but is more difficult to implement and may not be feasible with all types of remote sensing data. The utility of fractional SCA mapping relative to binary SCA mapping varies with the intended application as well as by spatial resolution, temporal resolution and period of interest, and climate. We quantified the frequency of occurrence of partially snow-covered (mixed) pixels at spatial resolutions between 1 m and 500 m over five dates at two study areas in the western U.S., using 0.5 m binary SCA maps derived from high spatial resolution imagery aggregated to fractional SCA at coarser spatial resolutions. In addition, we used in situ monitoring to estimate the frequency of partially snow-covered conditions for the period September 2013–August 2014 at 10 60-m grid cell footprints at two study areas with continental snow climates. Results from the image analysis indicate that at 40 m, slightly above the nominal spatial resolution of Landsat, mixed pixels accounted for 25%–93% of total pixels, while at 500 m, the nominal spatial resolution of MODIS bands used for snow cover mapping, mixed pixels accounted for 67%–100% of total pixels. Mixed pixels occurred more commonly at the continental snow climate site than at the maritime snow climate site. The in situ data indicate that some snow cover was present between 186 and 303 days, and partial snow cover conditions occurred on 10%–98% of days with snow cover. Four sites remained partially snow-free throughout most of the winter and spring, while six sites were entirely snow covered throughout most or all of the winter and spring. Within 60 m grid cells, the late spring/summer transition from snow-covered to snow-free conditions lasted 17–56 days and averaged 37 days. Our results suggest that mixed snow-covered snow-free pixels are common at the spatial resolutions imaged by both the Landsat and MODIS sensors. This highlights the additional information available from fractional SCA products and suggests fractional SCA can provide a major advantage for hydrological and climatological monitoring and modeling, particularly when accurate representation of the spatial distribution of snow cover is critical.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs61212478","usgsCitation":"Selkowitz, D.J., Forster, R., and Caldwell, M.K., 2014, Prevalence of pure versus mixed snow cover pixels across spatial resolutions in alpine environments: implications for binary and fractional remote sensing approaches: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 12, p. 12478-12508, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212478.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"12478","endPage":"12508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060122","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61212478","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e4e4b07657d19ff238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selkowitz, David J. 0000-0003-0824-7051 dselkowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051","contributorId":3259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"David","email":"dselkowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forster, Richard","contributorId":172149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forster","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":26993,"text":"University of Utah, Department of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Megan K. mcaldwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":4243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Megan","email":"mcaldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173946,"text":"70173946 - 2014 - Thermal measurements of dark and bright surface features on Vesta as derived from Dawn/VIR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T10:25:51","indexId":"70173946","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal measurements of dark and bright surface features on Vesta as derived from Dawn/VIR","docAbstract":"Remote sensing data acquired during Dawn’s orbital mission at Vesta showed several local concentrations of high-albedo (bright) and low-albedo (dark) material units, in addition to spectrally distinct meteorite impact ejecta. The thermal behavior of such areas seen at local scale (1-10 km) is related to physical properties that can provide information about the origin of those materials. We use Dawn’s Visible and InfraRed (VIR) mapping spectrometer hyperspectral data to retrieve surface temperatures and emissivities, with high accuracy as long as temperatures are greater than 220 K. Some of the dark and bright features were observed multiple times by VIR in the various mission phases at variable spatial resolution, illumination and observation angles, local solar time, and heliocentric distance. This work presents the first temperature maps and spectral emissivities of several kilometer-scale dark and bright material units on Vesta. Results retrieved from the infrared data acquired by VIR show that bright regions generally correspond to regions with lower temperature, while dark regions correspond to areas with higher temperature. During maximum daily insolation and in the range of heliocentric distances explored by Dawn, i.e. 2.23-2.54 AU, the warmest dark unit found on Vesta rises to a temperature of 273 K, while bright units observed under comparable conditions do not exceed 266 K. Similarly, dark units appear to have higher emissivity on average compared to bright units. Dark-material units show a weak anticorrelation between temperature and albedo, whereas the relation is stronger for bright material units observed under the same conditions. Individual features may show either evanescent or distinct margins in the thermal images, as a consequence of the cohesion of the surface material. Finally, for the two categories of dark and bright materials, we were able to highlight the influence of heliocentric distance on surface temperatures, and estimate an average temperature rate change of 1% following a variation of 0.04 AU in the solar distance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.017","usgsCitation":"Tosi, F., Capria, M.T., Sanctis, D., Combe, J., Zambon, F., Nathues, A., Schröder, S., Li, J., Palomba, E., Longobardo, A., Blewett, D., Denevi, B., Palmer, E., Capaccioni, F., Ammannito, E., Titus, T.N., Mittlefehldt, D., Sunshine, J., Russell, C., Raymond, C., and Team, D., 2014, Thermal measurements of dark and bright surface features on Vesta as derived from Dawn/VIR: Icarus, v. 240, p. 36-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.017.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049721","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"240","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park 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