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,{"id":28243,"text":"wri974138 - 1997 - Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T21:16:05.395063","indexId":"wri974138","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4138","title":"Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The Susquehanna River drains about 27,510 square miles in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, contributes nearly 50 percent of the freshwater discharge to the Chesapeake Bay, and contributes nearly 66 percent of the annual nitrogen load, 40 percent of the phosphorus load, and 25 percent of the suspended-sediment load from non-tidal parts of the Bay during a year of average streamflow. A reservoir system formed by three hydroelectric dams on the lower Susquehanna River is currently trapping a major part of the phosphorus and suspended-sediment loads from the basin and, to a lesser extent, the nitrogen loads.</p><p>In the summer of 1996, the U. S. Geological Survey collected bathymetric data along 64 cross sections and 40 bottom-sediment samples along 14 selected cross sections in the lower Susquehanna River reservoir system to determine the remaining sediment-storage capacity, refine the current estimate of when the system may reach sediment-storage capacity, document changes in the reservoir system after the January 1996 flood, and determine the remaining nutrient mass in Conowingo Reservoir. Results from the 1996 survey indicate an estimated total of 14,800,000 tons of sediment were scoured from the reservoir system from 1993 (date of previous bathymetric survey) through 1996. This includes the net sediment change of 4,700,000 tons based on volume change in the reservoir system computed from the 1993 and 1996 surveys, the 6,900,000 tons of sediment deposited from 1993 through 1996, and the 3,200,000 tons of sediment transported into the reservoir system during the January 1996 flood. The January 1996 flood, which exceeded a 100-year recurrence interval, scoured about the same amount of sediment that normally would be deposited in the reservoir system during a 4- to 6-year period.</p><p>Concentrations of total nitrogen in bottom sediments in the Conowingo Reservoir ranged from 1,500 to 6,900 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram); 75 percent of the concentrations were between 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. About 96 percent of the concentrations of total nitrogen consisted of organic nitrogen. Concentrations of total phosphorus in bottom sediments ranged from 286 to 1,390 mg/kg. About 84 percent of the concentrations of total phosphorus were comprised of inorganic phosphorus. The ratio of concentrations of plant-available phosphorus to concentrations of total phosphorus ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 percent; ratios generally decreased in a downstream direction.</p><p>About 29,000 acre-feet, or 42,000,000 tons, of sediment can be deposited before Conowingo Reservoir reaches sediment-storage capacity. Assuming the average annual sediment-deposition rate remains unchanged and no scour occurs due to floods, the reservoir system could reach sediment-storage capacity in about 17 years. The reservoir system currently is trapping about 2 percent of the nitrogen, 45 percent of the phosphorus, and 70 percent of the suspended sediment transported by the river to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Once the reservoir reaches sediment-storage capacity, an estimated 250-percent increase in the current annual loads of suspended sediment, a 2-percent increase in the current annual loads of total nitrogen, and a 70-percent increase in the current annual loads of total phosphorus from the Susquehanna River to Chesapeake Bay can be expected. If the goal of a 40-percent reduction in controllable phosphorus load from the Susquehanna River Basin is met before the reservoirs reach sediment-storage capacity, the 40-percent reduction goal will probably be exceeded when the reservoir system reaches sediment-storage capacity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri974138","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., and Hainly, R.A., 1997, Changes in bottom-surface elevations in three reservoirs on the lower Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania and Maryland, following the January 1996 flood — Implications for nutrient and sediment loads to Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4138, Report: vi, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 24.75 x 31.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974138.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 24.75 x 31.00 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/wri19974138.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1997-4138"},{"id":365710,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365709,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365708,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394723,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48757.htm"},{"id":124979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4138/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.5966796875,\n              39.65328414777011\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08993530273438,\n              39.65328414777011\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08993530273438,\n              40.07491896000657\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5966796875,\n              40.07491896000657\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5966796875,\n              39.65328414777011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_md@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_md@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey <br> 215 Limekiln Road <br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study approach and methods</li><li>Current bottom-surface elevations and changes, 1993 through 1996</li><li>Capacity change in Conowingo Reservoir, 1928 through 1996&nbsp;</li><li>Reservoir system sediment transport during the flood of January 1996</li><li>Implications of current and future reservoir conditions</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hainly, Robert A. rahainly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"Robert","email":"rahainly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24928,"text":"ofr97430 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Beverly Hills 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T19:44:19.149519","indexId":"ofr97430","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-430","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Beverly Hills 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97430","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Graham, S.E., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Beverly Hills 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-430, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97430.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391439,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22988.htm"},{"id":53898,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0430/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0430/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-430/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Beverly Hills 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.375,\n              34.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              34.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S. E.","contributorId":100025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24932,"text":"ofr97432 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Los Angeles 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:06:33.602848","indexId":"ofr97432","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-432","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Los Angeles 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97432","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Graham, S.E., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Los Angeles 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-432, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97432.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391442,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22990.htm"},{"id":53901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0432/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0432/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1902,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-432/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.125,\n              34.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              34.125\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b11e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S. E.","contributorId":100025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24931,"text":"ofr97431 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Hollywood 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:14:05.120351","indexId":"ofr97431","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-431","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Hollywood 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.\n\nThis digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1997), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97431","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R.F., and Graham, S.E., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Hollywood 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-431, Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97431.","productDescription":"Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53900,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/pdf/holly.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1901,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284277,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/ho-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284276,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/holly.tar.gz"},{"id":284278,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/ho-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/ho-pts.e00.gz"},{"id":284280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/ho-topo.e00.gz"},{"id":156881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0431/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hollywood","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.375,34.625 ], [ -90.375,34.75 ], [ -90.25,34.75 ], [ -90.25,34.625 ], [ -90.375,34.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S. E.","contributorId":100025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24831,"text":"ofr97416 - 1997 - Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Upper Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:45:18","indexId":"ofr97416","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-416","title":"Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Upper Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Statistical summaries of streamflow data for all active and inactive gaging stations for the Red River Basin upstream of and including Halstad, Minnesota, are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) manuscript (station description), (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of annual high discharges, (7) probability of annual low discharges, (8) probability of seasonal low discharges, (9) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (10) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97416","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., and Williams-Sether, T., 1997, Streamflow characteristics of streams in the Upper Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-416, v, 374 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97416.","productDescription":"v, 374 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0416/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0416/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22727,"text":"ofr97456 - 1997 - Geology of Point Reyes National Seashore and vicinity, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T11:55:36","indexId":"ofr97456","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-456","title":"Geology of Point Reyes National Seashore and vicinity, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database.  This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data.  There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.  The report does include, however, a PostScript plot file containing an image of the geologic map sheet with explanation, as well as the accompanying text describing the geology of the area.  For those interested in a paper plot of information contained in the database or in obtaining the PostScript plot files, please see the section entitled 'For Those Who Aren't Familiar With Digital Geologic Map Databases' below. This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of surficial deposits and rock units in Point Reyes and surrounding areas. Together with the accompanying text file (pr-geo.txt or pr-geo.ps), it provides current information on the stratigraphy and structural geology of the area covered.  The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey.  The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:48,000 or smaller. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97456","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.C., and Brabb, E.E., 1997, Geology of Point Reyes National Seashore and vicinity, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-456, Document: 17 p.; Readme; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97456.","productDescription":"Document: 17 p.; Readme; Spatial Data","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":551,"text":"San Francisco Bay Region Geology and Geologic Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-456/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0456/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-456/pr-map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-456/pr-data.tar.gz"},{"id":8005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-456/pr-db.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":52176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0456/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.03333333333333,37.8675 ], [ -123.03333333333333,38.25 ], [ -122.61749999999999,38.25 ], [ -122.61749999999999,37.8675 ], [ -123.03333333333333,37.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Jospeh C.","contributorId":57890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jospeh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21680,"text":"ofr97447A - 1997 - The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr97447A","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-447","chapter":"A","title":"The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97447A","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 1997, The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-447, [2], 18 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97447A.","productDescription":"[2], 18 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0447a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-447/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0447a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28105,"text":"wri974156 - 1997 - Hydrogeology and water chemistry of Montezuma Well in Montezuma Castle National Monument and surrounding area, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri974156","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4156","title":"Hydrogeology and water chemistry of Montezuma Well in Montezuma Castle National Monument and surrounding area, Arizona","docAbstract":"Increasing population and associated residential and commercial development have greatly increased water use and consumption in the Verde Valley near Montezuma Well, a unit of Montezuma Castle National Monument in central Arizona. Flow from Montezuma Well and water levels in eight wells that are measured annually do not indicate that the ground-water system has been affected by development. Additional data are needed to develop an adequate ground-water monitoring program so that future effects of development can be detected. Monitoring the ground-water system would detect changes in discharge from the Montezuma Well or changes in the ground-water system that might indicate a potential change of flow to the well.\r\nWater samples were collected, and field measurements of specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were made throughout the pond at Montezuma Well during an exploration in May 1991. The exploration included two fissures in the bottom of the pond that were filled with sand. The sand in the fissures was kept in suspension by water entering the pond. Water chemistry indicates that the ground water from the area is a mixed combination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and bicarbonate type water. The analyses for 18O/16O and 2H/1H show that the water from the wells and springs in the area, including Montezuma Well, has been exposed to similar environmental conditions and could have had similar flow paths. The MODFLOW finite-difference ground-water model was used to develop an uncalibrated interpretive model to study possible mechanisms for discharge of water at Montezuma Well. The study presents the hypothesis that ground water in the Supai Formation is the source of discharge to Montezuma Well because of the differences between the surface elevation of the pond at Montezuma Well and the stage in the adjacent Wet Beaver Creek. A series of simulations shows that upward flow from the Supai Formation is a possible mechanism for discharge to Montezuma Well, and that a geologic structure in the Supai Formation could play a role in the upward movement of water to Montezuma Well.\r\nThe mechanism for inflow from the Verde Formation is not understood; however, this study concludes that the Verde Formation, Supai Formation, and other underlying rock units are probably the sources of water to Montezuma Well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974156","usgsCitation":"Konieczki, A.D., and Leake, S.A., 1997, Hydrogeology and water chemistry of Montezuma Well in Montezuma Castle National Monument and surrounding area, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4156, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974156.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56930,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6854f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konieczki, Alice D.","contributorId":69594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konieczki","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27032,"text":"wri954016 - 1997 - A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:08","indexId":"wri954016","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4016","title":"A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques","docAbstract":"In support of Yucca Mountain site characterization studies, a hydrogeologic framework was developed, and a hydrogeologic map was constructed for the Death Valley region. The region, covering approximately 100,000 km 2 along the Nevada-California border near Las Vegas, is characterized by isolated mountain ranges juxtaposed against broad, alluvium-filled valleys. Geologic conditions are typical of the Basin and Range Province; a variety of sedimentary and igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks have been subjected to both compressional and extensional deformation. The regional ground-water flow system can best be described as a series of connected intermontane basins in which ground-water flow occurs in basin-fill deposits, carbonate rocks, clastic rocks, and volcanic rocks. Previous investigations have developed more site-specific hydrogeologic relationships; however, few have described all the lithologies within the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system.\r\n\r\nInformation required to characterize the hydrogeologic units in the region was obtained from regional geologic maps and reports. Map data were digitized from regional geologic maps and combined into a composite map using a geographic information system. This map was simplified to show 10 laterally extensive hydrogeologic units with distinct hydrologic properties. The hydraulic conductivity values for the hydrogeologic units range over 15 orders of magnitude due to the variability in burial depth and degree of fracturing. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri954016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Faunt, C., D’Agnese, F.A., and Turner, A.K., 1997, A Hydrogeologic Map of the Death Valley Region, Nevada and California, Developed Using GIS Techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4016, Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 32 x 30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954016.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 32 x 30 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55910,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,35 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -115,38 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -118,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4959e4b0b290850ef155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Agnese, Frank A.","contributorId":47810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21747,"text":"ofr97500 - 1997 - A digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay region, three sheets, 1:125,000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr97500","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-500","title":"A digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay region, three sheets, 1:125,000","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital topographic map database.  It contains a digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay Region (3 sheets), at a scale of 1:125,000.  These ARC/INFO coverages are in vector format.  The vectorization process has distorted characters representing letters and numbers, as well as some road and other symbols, making them difficult to read in some instances.  This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data.  There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.  The content and character of the database and methods of obtaining it are described herein.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97500","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Aitken, D.S., 1997, A digital version of the 1970 U.S. Geological Survey topographic map of the San Francisco Bay region, three sheets, 1:125,000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-500, 11 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97500.","productDescription":"11 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0500/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-500/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0500/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"125000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aitken, Douglas S.","contributorId":86798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aitken","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23389,"text":"ofr97419 - 1997 - Data Base for Assessment of Streambed Scour and Channel Instability at Selected Bridges in Indiana, 1991–95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T09:21:09","indexId":"ofr97419","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1997–0419","title":"Data Base for Assessment of Streambed Scour and Channel Instability at Selected Bridges in Indiana, 1991–95","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation, has collected data at 5,587 bridges in Indiana built with federal aid. These data, which can be useful for assessing Streambed scour and channel instability, are maintained in a computerized data base at the U.S. Geological Survey in Indianapolis, Indiana. The data elements are grouped under one of five headings: General Site Characteristics, Observed and Calculated Scour Characteristics, Bridge Characteristics, Stream Characteristics, and Debris Characteristics. The description of the data in each group includes the element name; examples of the data from bridge number 89-54 crossing Lick Creek in Wayne County, Indiana; and a brief description of each element. The data already have been used in Indiana to produce an observed-scour index and a potential-scour index and may be useful in other applications as well.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr97419","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, M.S., and Robinson, B.A., 1997, Data Base for Assessment of Streambed Scour and Channel Instability at Selected Bridges in Indiana, 1991–95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1997–0419, Report: iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97419.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Indiana Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5957 Lakeside Blvd.<br>Indianapolis, IN 46278</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Streambed-Scour and Channel-Instability Data Base</li><li>Data-Collection Techniques</li><li>Data-Base Nomenclature Conventions</li><li>Archived Photographs</li><li>General Limitations of the Data Base</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Supplemental Data</li><li>Tables</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, Mark S.","contributorId":91899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":510959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24229,"text":"ofr97399 - 1997 - Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1996 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-19T12:49:37","indexId":"ofr97399","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-399","title":"Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1996 water year","docAbstract":"The computed annual yield and deficiency of the subbasins as defined in the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, are given in tables for the 1996 water year. Actual runoff from the subbasins and depletion caused by major reservoirs in the compact area also are given in tabular form. Computed monthly mean discharges are shown for the 21 streamflow stations in the Arkansas River Basin. Water-quality data are shown for 16 water-quality stations sampled in the Arkansas River Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Little Rock, AR","doi":"10.3133/ofr97399","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas River Compact Commission Arkansas-Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Porter, J.E., 1997, Annual yield and selected hydrologic data for the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1996 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-399, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97399.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0399/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0399/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arknasas River Basin Compact","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,34.75 ], [ -95.75,36.25 ], [ -94.0,36.25 ], [ -94.0,34.75 ], [ -95.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a7fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, J. Elton","contributorId":91138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Elton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24936,"text":"ofr97459 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Newbury Park 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T14:20:05","indexId":"ofr97459","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-459","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Newbury Park 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report. This digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes and Campbell (1997), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97459","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R.F., and Campbell, R.H., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Newbury Park 7.5' quadrangle, Southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-459, Report: 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97459.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280301,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/"},{"id":280302,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/pdf/of1997-0459.pdf"},{"id":280303,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/import.aml"},{"id":280304,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-topo.e00.gz"},{"id":280305,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-foss.e00.gz"},{"id":280306,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":280307,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":280308,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/nb-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":280309,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0459/newbry.tar.gz"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R. F.","contributorId":24754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31635,"text":"ofr97461 - 1997 - Coal fields and federal lands of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T19:43:01.429437","indexId":"ofr97461","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-461","title":"Coal fields and federal lands of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The map depicts the relationship of coal and public lands in the conterminous U. S. Multiple GIS layers are being created for the purpose of deriving estimates of how much coal is owned and administered by the Federal government. Federal coal areas have a profound effect on land-management decisions. Regulatory agencies attempt to balance energy development with alternative land-use and environmental concerns.\r\n\r\nA GIS database of Federal lands used in energy resource assessments is being developed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to integrate information on status of public land, and minerals owned by the Federal government with geologic information on coal resources, other spatial data, coal quality characteristics, and coal availability for development.\r\n\r\nUsing national-scale data we estimate that approximately 60 percent of the area underlain by coal-bearing rocks in the conterminous United States are under Federal surface. Coal produced from Federal leases has tripled from about 12 percent of the total U.S. production in 1976 to almost 34 percent in 1995 (Energy Information Administration website ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/coal/cia_95_tables/t13p01.txt). The reason for this increase is demand for low-sulfur coal for use in power plants and the fact that large reserves of this low-sulfur coal are in the western interior U.S., where the Federal government owns the rights to most of the coal reserves.\r\n\r\nThe map was created using Arc/Info 7.0.3 on a UNIX system. The HPGL2 plot file for this map is available from the USGS Energy Resource Surveys Team from\r\nhttp://energy.cr.usgs.gov:8080/energy/coal.html.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97461","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., 1997, Coal fields and federal lands of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-461, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 10.58 × 7.94 inches; Map Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97461.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 10.58 × 7.94 inches; Map Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11545,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0461/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667d27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28136,"text":"wri974143 - 1997 - Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri974143","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4143","title":"Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice melt were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington to determine the winter and net balances for the 1996 balance year. The 1996 winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 2.94 meters, and the net balance was 0.10meter. The winter balance was approximately 0.6 meter greater than the 1977-95 average winter balance (2.30 meters). The net balance, which was positive for the first time since 1984, was more than a meter greater than the 1977-95 average net balance (-0.96 meter). The glacier retreated about 15 meters from its 1995 position. Runoff was measured from the glacier and an adjacent non-glacierized basin. Air temperature, precipitation, and barometric pressure were measured nearby. This report makes these data available to the glaciological and climatological community","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/wri974143","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1997, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1996 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4143, v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 16 illus.; 16 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974143.","productDescription":"v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 16 illus.; 16 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4954,"text":"fs23795 - 1997 - Compiling Magnetic Databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"fs23795","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"237-95","title":"Compiling Magnetic Databases","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs23795","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Compiling Magnetic Databases: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 237-95, 1 sheet : ill. ; 28 x 22 cm. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs23795.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill. ; 28 x 22 cm. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_237_95.bmp"},{"id":122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0237-95/fs-0237-95.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a95f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4872,"text":"ds46 - 1997 - Geology and mineral resource assessment of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ds46","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"46","title":"Geology and mineral resource assessment of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains vector-based digital maps of the geology and resource assessment of the Venezuela Guayana Shield originally published as paper maps in 1993 in U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2062, at a scale of 1:1 million and revised in 1993-95 as separate maps at a scale of 1:500,000. Although the maps on this disc can be displayed at different scales, they are not intended to be used at any scale more detailed than 1:500,000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nFor sale by Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/ds46","usgsCitation":"Schruben, P.G., Wynn, J.C., Gray, F., Cox, D.P., Sterwart, J., and Brooks, W.E., 1997, Geology and mineral resource assessment of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 46, 1 computer laser optical disc. :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds46.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc. :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds46/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,0 ], [ -75,120 ], [ -57,120 ], [ -57,0 ], [ -75,0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynn, J. C.","contributorId":38544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sterwart, J.H.","contributorId":20732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sterwart","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, W. E.","contributorId":90716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":6903,"text":"fs18397 - 1997 - Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T10:22:34","indexId":"fs18397","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"183-97","title":"Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Northern California and western Nevada were devastated by floods during January 1-3, 1997. Flood waters in the Carson River Basin (fig. 1) contributed to $55 million in projected damages in Douglas County and $19.5 million in Lyon County (Reno Gazette-Journal, 1997). Flooding in Douglas and Lyon Counties was extensive along the levee and irrigation systems, and agricultural land. In Carson City, damage to public facilities was estimated at $6.4 million (Reno Gazette-Journal, 1997).\nIn late December 1996, storms built up a large snowpack (more than 180 percent of normal) in the higher altitudes of the Sierra Nevada (Daniel Greenlee, Natural Resource Conservation Service, oral commun., 1997) and also covered the valleys along the eastern Sierra Nevada. Then, a subtropical storm system originating in the central Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian Islands brought heavy, unseasonably warm rain to the Sierra Nevada from December 30, 1996, through January 2, 1997. During this period, the Natural Resource Conservation Service recorded 16.4 inches (provisional data; Daniel Greenlee, oral commun., 1997) of precipitation at Ebbetts Pass, Calif. (8,700 feet above sea level), and the National Weather Service recorded 3.5 inches (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center, written commun., 1997) at Minden (4,710 feet above sea level). Rain falling below about 10,000 feet depleted about 20 percent of the high-altitude snowpack and melted about 80 percent of the snowpack below about 7,000 feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs18397","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., and Williams, R.P., 1997, Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 183-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18397.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0183-97/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0183-97/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,38.75 ], [ -120.0,40.25 ], [ -118.5,40.25 ], [ -118.5,38.75 ], [ -120.0,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eee50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27832,"text":"wri974118 - 1997 - Comparison of the 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods computed from observed data with the 1995 urban flood-frequency estimating equations for Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:30:40","indexId":"wri974118","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4118","title":"Comparison of the 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods computed from observed data with the 1995 urban flood-frequency estimating equations for Georgia","docAbstract":"Flood-frequency relations were computed for 28 urban stations, for 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods and the computations were compared to corresponding recurrence interval floods computed from the estimating equations from a 1995 investigation. Two stations were excluded from further comparisons or analyses because neither station had a significant flood during the period of observed record. \r\n\r\nThe comparisons, based on the student's t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance, indicate that the mean residuals of the 25- and 100-year floods were negatively biased by 26.2 percent and 31.6 percent, respectively, at the 26 stations. However, the mean residuals of the 2-year floods were 2.5 percent lower than the mean of the 2-year floods computed from the equations, and were not significantly biased. The reason for this negative bias is that the period of observed record at the 26 stations was a relatively dry period. At 25 of the 26 stations, the two highest simulated peaks used to develop the estimating equations occurred many years before the observed record began. However, no attempt was made to adjust the estimating equations because higher peaks could occur after the period of observed record and an adjustment to the equations would cause an underestimation of design floods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974118","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 1997, Comparison of the 2-, 25-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods computed from observed data with the 1995 urban flood-frequency estimating equations for Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4118, iii, 14 p. :ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974118.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., map; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":23910,"text":"ofr97321 - 1997 - Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-74-32-4946 crossing Sugar Creek in Montgomery County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T10:53:49","indexId":"ofr97321","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-321","title":"Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-74-32-4946 crossing Sugar Creek in Montgomery County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Level II scour evaluations follow a process in which hydrologic, hydraulic, and sedient-transport data are evaluated to calculate the depth of scour that may result when given discharge is routed through a bridge opening. The results of the modified Levell II analysis for structure I-74-32-4946 on Interstate 74 crossing Sugar Creek in Montgomery County, Indiana are presented. The site is near the town of Crawfordsville in the central part of Montgomery County. Scour depths were computed with the Water Surface PROfile model, version V050196, which incorporates the scour-calculation procedures outlined in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. Total scour depths at the piers were approximately 13.0 feet for the modeled discharge of 3,000&nbsp; cubic feet per second and approximately 15.1 feet for the modeled discharge of 41,900 cubic feet per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr97321","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., Robinson, B., and Voelker, D.C., 1997, Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-74-32-4946 crossing Sugar Creek in Montgomery County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-321, iv, 23 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97321.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Montgomery","city":"Crawfordsville","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.6957,40.2144],[-86.6962,40.1785],[-86.6961,40.1282],[-86.6946,40.0402],[-86.6938,39.9528],[-86.6937,39.9228],[-86.6929,39.8643],[-86.7918,39.8651],[-86.8056,39.865],[-86.8967,39.8666],[-86.9182,39.8674],[-87.0087,39.8685],[-87.0333,39.8683],[-87.0914,39.8685],[-87.0909,39.9538],[-87.0919,40.2172],[-87.0353,40.2165],[-86.9221,40.2161],[-86.8095,40.2146],[-86.6957,40.2144]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Montgomery\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voelker, D. C.","contributorId":36572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5129,"text":"fs15797 - 1997 - Discharge measurement in tidally affected channels during a hydrographic estuarine survey of Sabine Lake, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:00:53","indexId":"fs15797","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"157-97","title":"Discharge measurement in tidally affected channels during a hydrographic estuarine survey of Sabine Lake, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A hydrographic survey of Sabine Lake, a broad, shallow estuary lying on the Texas-Louisiana border, was conducted in June 1996 to help address questions relating to potential environmental effects of future water demands in Texas. The use of a variety of new instruments in this study is one means by which automation is improving efficiency and effectiveness of these efforts by increasing the quality and quantity of data collected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15797","usgsCitation":"Dunn, D., Solis, R., and Ockerman, D., 1997, Discharge measurement in tidally affected channels during a hydrographic estuarine survey of Sabine Lake, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 157-97, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15797.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_157_97.bmp"},{"id":541,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-157-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327077,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-157-97/pdf/FS-157-97.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aaa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, David D.","contributorId":8461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solis, R.S.","contributorId":73194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solis","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ockerman, D.J.","contributorId":38979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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