{"pageNumber":"125","pageRowStart":"3100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70246535,"text":"70246535 - 2023 - Subsurface characterization of the Duluth Complex and related intrusions from 3D modeling of gravity and magnetotelluric data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-28T14:14:46.847767","indexId":"70246535","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-01T09:14:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Subsurface characterization of the Duluth Complex and related intrusions from 3D modeling of gravity and magnetotelluric data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 69th ILSG annual meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Institute on Lake Superior Geology 69th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"April 24-25, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Eau Claire, WI","language":"English","publisher":"Institute on Lake Superior Geology","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.E., Bedrosian, P.A., and Finn, C., 2023, Subsurface characterization of the Duluth Complex and related intrusions from 3D modeling of gravity and magnetotelluric data, in Proceedings of the 69th ILSG annual meeting, v. 69, Eau Claire, WI, April 24-25, 2023, p. 63-64.","productDescription":"2","startPage":"63","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-151647","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.lakesuperiorgeology.org/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Duluth Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.33841098115533,\n 46.60889668098744\n ],\n [\n -92.06873570973505,\n 46.77233950080557\n ],\n [\n -91.20990186562136,\n 47.3068599853257\n ],\n [\n -90.74627730696767,\n 47.61551630804743\n ],\n [\n -89.53957926670478,\n 48.018149448034876\n ],\n [\n -90.80965661623506,\n 48.13833346173527\n ],\n [\n -92.12116043915276,\n 47.51332134203204\n ],\n [\n -92.89697287085113,\n 46.80490236888849\n ],\n [\n -92.53462077271212,\n 46.43611775146357\n ],\n [\n -92.33841098115533,\n 46.60889668098744\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Dana E. 0000-0002-1941-265X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-265X","contributorId":225536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":229711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248070,"text":"70248070 - 2023 - Constraints on the composition and thermal structure of Ariel’s icy crust as inferred from its largest observed impact crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-05T13:15:19.774773","indexId":"70248070","displayToPublicDate":"2023-05-01T08:10:39","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the composition and thermal structure of Ariel’s icy crust as inferred from its largest observed impact crater","docAbstract":"

The large graben-like troughs and smooth plains visible on the surface of Ariel are indicative of a period of high heat flow in the Uranian moon's past. High heat flows on icy moons like Ariel can also enable viscous flow that removes impact crater topography, a process called viscous relaxation. Here we use numerical modeling to investigate the conditions necessary to viscously relax Ariel's largest impact crater, Yangoor, which is 80 km in diameter and unusually shallow. If we assume that Ariel's crust consists of non-porous water ice, heat fluxes ≥60 mW m−2 are required to reduce an initially deep Yangoor-like crater to its current observed depth. Lower fluxes are required if a high-porosity (30%), low-conductivity surface layer several kilometers thick is assumed to exist, but in any case, fluxes in excess of 30 mW m−2 are necessary to substantially reduce Yangoor's topography. The inclusion of ammonia dihydrate has a negligible effect on our results despite decreasing the viscosity of Ariel's deep ice. Our results are consistent with previous inferences of high heat fluxes on Ariel, but exceed both expected radiogenic heat fluxes and known equilibrium tidal heat fluxes by an order of magnitude. If Yangoor's shallow depth is the result of tidal heating, then short-lived non-equilibrium tidal dissipation or some other source of energy is required. Notably, although our results do not require the presence of an ocean within Ariel, the thermal conditions necessary to viscously relax Yangoor also imply a relatively thin ice shell (∼10-km thick) if conductive heat transport is assumed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115452","usgsCitation":"Bland, M.T., Beddingfield, C.B., Nordheim, T.A., Patthoff, D.A., and Vance, S.D., 2023, Constraints on the composition and thermal structure of Ariel’s icy crust as inferred from its largest observed impact crater: Icarus, v. 395, 115452, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115452.","productDescription":"115452, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144468","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ariel, Uranus, Yangoor","volume":"395","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beddingfield, Chloe B.","contributorId":328939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beddingfield","given":"Chloe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":78531,"text":"Seti Institute / NASA Ames","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordheim, Tom A.","contributorId":328940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordheim","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patthoff, Donald A.","contributorId":238744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patthoff","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vance, Steven D.","contributorId":328942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vance","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70246973,"text":"70246973 - 2023 - First investigations on lamprey responses to elevated total dissolved gas exposure and risk of gas bubble trauma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T12:08:25.282241","indexId":"70246973","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-30T07:06:31","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"First investigations on lamprey responses to elevated total dissolved gas exposure and risk of gas bubble trauma","docAbstract":"A flexible spill program in the federal Columbia River power system increased the total dissolved gas (TDG) water quality standards (i.e., the gas cap) from 120% to 125%. Spill is used to pass juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) over dams, but it can generate elevated TDG, and exposed fish can develop gas bubble trauma (GBT) or experience mortality. Juvenile salmon are monitored for GBT through the Fish Passage Center’s (FPC), and under the flexible spill program, native non-salmonid fishes are also monitored. Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) are exposed to elevated TDG, but nothing is known about their risk for GBT. This project is the first to evaluate GBT in lamprey, beginning with larval and juvenile lamprey in a controlled laboratory setting. These early life stages were chosen for this initial work because they have been shown to be more sensitive to GBT in other fish species. We modified the FPC protocol for GBT exams to be specific to lamprey and ranked bubbles in the mouth, eyes (juveniles only), gill pores, first and second dorsal fins, caudal fin, anal fin, vent, and body. We followed the FPC ranking criteria and assigned rank based on the proportion of the area occluded with bubbles, as 0=no bubbles, 1=1-5%, 2=6-25%, 3=26-50%, and 4=>50%. \n\nFour experiments were completed with larval lamprey from January to September 2022 using small (70 mm total length or less) and large (86 mm total length or greater) larvae in approximately equal proportions. Experiments included: (1) 130% TDG for 31 d, (2) 125% TDG for 91 d, (3) 130% TDG for 20 d with assessments of burrowing performance, and (4) 128-138% TDG for 3-4 d with assessments of predator avoidance ability and the corresponding untreated control groups.\n \nThe first and second experiments had similar study designs and findings. First, we tested an acute exposure at 130% TDG and then we tested a chronic exposure at 125%, to represent a full spill season. None of the controls (exposed to normally saturated water) experienced mortality or showed GBT signs. Few lamprey in the treatment groups (5% in Experiment 1; 0% in Experiment 2) showed GBT signs, and there were no mortalities (n=200 fish experiment 1; n=100 fish Experiment 2). Lamprey with GBT signs had bubbles on the body, with low severity ranks. During external exams for Experiment 2, we observed bubbles in the gut of several lamprey. The light coloration and transparency of the body made these observations possible, and we confirmed the finding with internal exams. From day 9 to day 91, 70.8% of the lamprey examined had bubbles in the gut. We observed five lamprey that were positively buoyant in the test tanks, and we likely underestimated the prevalence of floating as our procedures were not \ninitially designed to document this sign. \n\nIn our third experiment, burrowing performance was not significantly different between lamprey exposed to 130% TDG and controls. Mortality was 4.2% in the treatment group, but no GBT signs were observed. The proportion of lamprey with positive buoyancy increased through time, with 87.5% of fish floating on day 20 (end of the test). Bubbles in the gut were observed for some lamprey on each of five sampling dates (day 2 to 20), with prevalence ranging from 50-100%. Median burrow times ranged from 28 to 154 sec for treatment fish and from 40 to 100 sec for controls. We noted some atypical behaviors during burrow performance tests, including lamprey that were positively buoyant and unable to descend through 0.5 m of water to reach the sediment as well as lamprey that were unable to complete burrowing (within 10 min test period). These lamprey were so buoyant that they repeatedly floated to the surface of the water when they stopped or slowed their burrowing movements.\n \nPredator avoidance ability was assessed in our fourth experiment by exposing lamprey with GBT signs (floating) and controls to sculpin (Cottus spp.) until about 50% of the fish had been consumed or 2 h had passed. We completed five predation trials, testing the hypothesis that an equal proportion of treatment and control lamprey would be consumed. Treatment groups were generated by exposing 15 lamprey to 128-138% TDG for 3-4 d, until at least 10 lamprey were floating. Overall, 41 treatment and 46 control fish were eaten and there was no evidence that sculpin preferentially preyed upon lamprey with GBT signs. Additional tests with another predator are recommended. \n\nTwo experiments were completed with juvenile lamprey from March to November 2022: Experiment 5 exposed fish to 125% TDG for 10 d and Experiment 6 exposed fish to 125% for 16 d. Mortality rates for the treatment groups were 21.7% and 20.0% for these experiments, respectively, and few lamprey (4 per experiment) showed GBT signs. With the results from experiments pooled, bubbles were observed in all body areas with low severity ranks (means 0-1). We observed some exophthalmia and bubbles behind the gill pores, in addition to bubbles in the gut and fish floating. The presence of bubbles in or near the gill pores was the likely cause of death as exam findings included enlarged gill pore areas and restricted openings.\n \nThis project provided the first insights into lamprey responses to elevated TDG, but substantial learning opportunities remain. Our findings highlight that lamprey are vulnerable to GBT, but the effects are generally sublethal and would not be detected using FPC exam procedures. For example, we observed larval and juvenile lamprey that had bubbles in the gut and/or were floating, although these conditions were not consistently linked. More data are needed, but we surmise that it takes some time for bubbles to form in sufficient quantity to create the floatation required to overcome the mass of the lamprey. Positive buoyancy in natural settings could have substantial impacts to the risk of mortality for lamprey. Future studies could test GBT risk for larval lamprey in burrows, investigate the influence of lamprey size, measure performance (e.g., burrowing, swimming, predator avoidance ability) after elevated TDG exposure, and describe the rate that GBT signs dissipate when lamprey are returned to normally saturated water.","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Tiffan, K., Weiland, L.K., and Ekstrom, B.K., 2023, First investigations on lamprey responses to elevated total dissolved gas exposure and risk of gas bubble trauma, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151469","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":419173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P199259"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth 0000-0002-5831-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":217812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiland, Lisa K. 0000-0002-9729-4062 lweiland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-4062","contributorId":3565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiland","given":"Lisa","email":"lweiland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243276,"text":"70243276 - 2023 - So goes the snow: Alaska snowpack changes and impacts on pacific salmon in a warming climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-05T11:38:45.159335","indexId":"70243276","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-30T06:36:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"So goes the snow: Alaska snowpack changes and impacts on pacific salmon in a warming climate","docAbstract":"In Alaska’s watersheds, climate change is altering the nature and role of the snowpack, defined as snow accumulation that melts in spring. Generally, the amount of precipitation that falls as snow and the length of the snow-cover season both decrease as temperatures exceed 0°C (32°F) more frequently. The impacts of climate change on snowpack vary among watersheds. In southern, coastal parts of Alaska, large decreases in spring snowpack are expected by the mid-21st century, even with more winter precipitation because temperatures warm to above freezing, causing a shift from snow to rain or more melt during the winter. In contrast, modest early spring increases in the snowpack are expected in watersheds where temperatures remain below freezing. In these locations temperatures warm but remain cold enough for the extra winter precipitation to fall as snow, even though the snowpack will begin accumulating later in the fall and melt earlier in the spring as temperatures rise during those warmer seasons. Because potential impacts on hydrological and ecological systems will vary among watersheds, it is difficult to generalize the resulting ecological impacts at broad spatial scales. Here, we explore likely impacts on hydrology in critical anadromous fish habitat in southwest Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"US National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Littell, J., Reynolds, J.H., Bartz, K.K., McAfee, S., and Hayward, G.D., 2023, So goes the snow: Alaska snowpack changes and impacts on pacific salmon in a warming climate: Alaska Park Science, v. 19, no. 1, p. 62-75.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"75","ipdsId":"IP-112750","costCenters":[{"id":49028,"text":"Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-19-1-10.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.0502487962713,\n 69.32812262696825\n ],\n [\n -167.0502487962713,\n 63.68078746979131\n ],\n [\n -146.31697991983825,\n 63.68078746979131\n ],\n [\n -146.31697991983825,\n 69.32812262696825\n ],\n [\n -167.0502487962713,\n 69.32812262696825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":205907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":200705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAfee, Stephanie A.","contributorId":167115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAfee","given":"Stephanie A.","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayward, Gregory D.","contributorId":209846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayward","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38010,"text":"US Forest Service, Alaska Region","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241229,"text":"sir20235006 - 2023 - Magnitude and frequency of floods for rural streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017—Results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-02T18:01:49.725089","indexId":"sir20235006","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T13:18:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5006","displayTitle":"Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Rural Streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017—Results","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods for rural streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017—Results","docAbstract":"

Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are an important part of the framework for hydraulic-structure design and flood-plain management in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Annual peak flows measured at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages are used to compute flood‑frequency estimates at those streamgages. However, flood‑frequency estimates also are needed at ungaged stream locations. A process known as regionalization was used to develop regression equations to estimate the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged locations.

A multistate approach was used to update estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural, ungaged basins in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Annual peak-flow data through September 2017 were analyzed for 965 streamgages with 10 or more years of data on rural streams in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and adjacent parts of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Flood‑frequency estimates of the 50‑, 20‑, 10‑, 4‑, 2‑, 1‑, 0.5‑, and 0.2‑percent annual exceedance probability streamflows, which correspond to flood-recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, respectively, were computed for the 965 streamgages following national guidelines. As part of the computation of flood‑frequency estimates for the streamgages, an updated value for the regional skew coefficient (0.048) was developed using a Bayesian generalized least squares regression model. The new regional skew has a mean square error or average variance of prediction of 0.092. Additionally, basin characteristics for these stations were computed using a geographical information system.

Exploratory analyses on the 965 streamgages confirmed the five hydrologic regions for Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina defined in a previous rural flood‑frequency study. From the 965 streamgages, streamgages with 30 or more years of record were used to complete a peak-flow trend analysis. Of the 965 streamgages, 164 streamgages were found to be redundant and were excluded from the regional regression analyses. Data from the remaining 801 streamgages (292 in Georgia, 75 in South Carolina, 303 in North Carolina, 15 in Alabama, 12 in Florida, 39 in Tennessee, and 65 in Virginia) were used in a regional regression analysis relating basin characteristics to flood‑frequency estimates. This analysis, based on generalized least squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations to estimate the 50‑, 20‑, 10‑, 4‑, 2‑, 1‑, 0.5‑, and 0.2‑percent annual exceedance probability streamflows for rural, ungaged basins in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The final set of predictive equations are all functions of drainage area and percentage of the drainage basin within each of the five hydrologic regions. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 35.8 to 44.4 percent.

Flood‑frequency estimates also were computed for 72 regulated (for example, a streamgage where flow is altered by a dam or weir) streamgages in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina with 20 or more years of post-regulation record using data through water year 2019. The water year is the annual period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which the period ends. Of the 72 regulated streamgages, 18 had pre-regulated periods of record that also were analyzed as part of this study. Flow adjustments were applied to historic peaks and large floods from the pre-regulated period, if available, for use in the post-regulation frequency analysis. Estimates of large floods provide valuable information in frequency analysis and, thus, were included in the post-regulation frequency analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation (Engineering Division, Office of Bridge Design and Maintenance), South Carolina Department of Transportation (Hydraulic Design Support Office), North Carolina Department of Transportation (Division of Highways, Hydraulics Unit), and the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety (Division of Emergency Management, Floodplain Mapping Program)","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T.D., Gotvald, A.J., Musser, J.W., Weaver, J.C., Kolb, K.R., Veilleux, A.G., and Wagner, D.M., 2023, Magnitude and frequency of floods for rural streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017—Results: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5006, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235006.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 75 p.; 2 Data 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Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093

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","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":205647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":866594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis 0000-0001-7068-5445 jcweaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-5445","contributorId":2229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.","email":"jcweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":866595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolb, Katharine 0000-0002-1663-1662 kkolb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1662","contributorId":5537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Katharine","email":"kkolb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":866596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. 0000-0002-8742-4660 aveilleux@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-4660","contributorId":203278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Daniel M. 0000-0002-0432-450X dwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-450X","contributorId":4531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Daniel","email":"dwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70246330,"text":"70246330 - 2023 - Simulating the migration dynamics of juvenile salmonids through rivers and estuaries using a hydrodynamically driven enhanced particle tracking model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-05T11:58:56.545753","indexId":"70246330","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:54:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16139,"text":"Ecological Modeling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the migration dynamics of juvenile salmonids through rivers and estuaries using a hydrodynamically driven enhanced particle tracking model","docAbstract":"

Juvenile salmonids migrate hundreds of kilometers from their natal streams to mature in the ocean. Throughout this migration, they respond to environmental cues such as local water velocities and other stimuli to direct and modulate their movements, often through heavily modified riverine and estuarine habitats. Management strategies in an uncertain future of climate change and altered land use regimes depend heavily on being able to reliably predict their ocean entry timings, route use, and survival rates through rivers and estuaries. We developed a spatially-explicit agent-based model of fish movement in response to hydrodynamic flows that uses movement dynamics gleaned from multi-dimensional tracking datasets of acoustically tagged juveniles moving through an urbanized, branched tidal estuary. We demonstrate how such models can be calibrated, and we apply it to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in Central California. The quality of the out-of-sample validation of the model to predict juvenile salmon survival and route selection indicates that the model is versatile and flexible enough to be used in novel hydroclimatological conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110393","usgsCitation":"Sridharan, V.K., Jackson, D., Hein, A.M., Perry, R., Pope, A., Hendrix, N., Danner, E.M., and Lindley, S.T., 2023, Simulating the migration dynamics of juvenile salmonids through rivers and estuaries using a hydrodynamically driven enhanced particle tracking model: Ecological Modeling, v. 482, 110393, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110393.","productDescription":"110393, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144118","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3298p440","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.41195439667275,\n 38.415598404027605\n ],\n [\n -122.41195439667275,\n 37.69791363010357\n ],\n [\n -121.25888467133896,\n 37.69791363010357\n ],\n [\n -121.25888467133896,\n 38.415598404027605\n ],\n [\n -122.41195439667275,\n 38.415598404027605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"482","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sridharan, Vamsi Krishna","contributorId":315555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sridharan","given":"Vamsi","email":"","middleInitial":"Krishna","affiliations":[{"id":68351,"text":"Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of California, Santa Cruz; Affiliated with: Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Doug","contributorId":315556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":68352,"text":"QEDA Consulting, LLC., 4007 Densmore Avenue N., Seattle, WA, 98103","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, Andrew M.","contributorId":315557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hein","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":68353,"text":"Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":223237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hendrix, Noble","contributorId":289658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrix","given":"Noble","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62214,"text":"QEDA Consulting, 4007 Densmore Ave N, Seattle, WA 98103, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danner, Eric M.","contributorId":315558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":68353,"text":"Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lindley, Steven T.","contributorId":302835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindley","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70243957,"text":"70243957 - 2023 - Benchmarking high-resolution hydrologic model performance of long-term retrospective streamflow simulations in the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T11:56:26.603617","indexId":"70243957","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:53:45","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benchmarking high-resolution hydrologic model performance of long-term retrospective streamflow simulations in the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"

Because use of high-resolution hydrologic models is becoming more widespread and estimates are made over large domains, there is a pressing need for systematic evaluation of their performance. Most evaluation efforts to date have focused on smaller basins that have been relatively undisturbed by human activity, but there is also a need to benchmark model performance more comprehensively, including basins impacted by human activities. This study benchmarks the long-term performance of two process-oriented, high-resolution, continental-scale hydrologic models that have been developed to assess water availability and risks in the United States (US): the National Water Model v2.1 application of WRF-Hydro (NWMv2.1) and the National Hydrologic Model v1.0 application of the Precipitation–Runoff Modeling System (NHMv1.0). The evaluation is performed on 5390 streamflow gages from 1983 to 2016 (∼ 33 years) at a daily time step, including both natural and human-impacted catchments, representing one of the most comprehensive evaluations over the contiguous US. Using the Kling–Gupta efficiency as the main evaluation metric, the models are compared against a climatological benchmark that accounts for seasonality. Overall, the model applications show similar performance, with better performance in minimally disturbed basins than in those impacted by human activities. Relative regional differences are also similar: the best performance is found in the Northeast, followed by the Southeast, and generally worse performance is found in the Central and West areas. For both models, about 80 % of the sites exceed the seasonal climatological benchmark. Basins that do not exceed the climatological benchmark are further scrutinized to provide model diagnostics for each application. Using the underperforming subset, both models tend to overestimate streamflow volumes in the West, which could be attributed to not accounting for human activities, such as active management. Both models underestimate flow variability, especially the highest flows; this was more pronounced for NHMv1.0. Low flows tended to be overestimated by NWMv2.1, whereas there were both over and underestimations for NHMv1.0, but they were less severe. Although this study focused on model diagnostics for underperforming sites based on the seasonal climatological benchmark, metrics for all sites for both model applications are openly available online.

","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/hess-27-1809-2023","usgsCitation":"Towler, E., Foks, S., Dugger, A.L., Dickinson, J.E., Essaid, H.I., Gochis, D., Viger, R.J., and Zhang, Y., 2023, Benchmarking high-resolution hydrologic model performance of long-term retrospective streamflow simulations in the contiguous United States: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 27, no. 9, p. 1809-1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1809-2023.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1809","endPage":"1825","ipdsId":"IP-141543","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1809-2023","text":"Publisher Index 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0000-0002-1784-1346","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-1346","contributorId":292891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towler","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foks, Sydney 0000-0002-7668-9735","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9735","contributorId":205290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foks","given":"Sydney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dugger, Aubrey L 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hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gochis, David","contributorId":152455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gochis","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Viger, Roland J. 0000-0003-2520-714X rviger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-714X","contributorId":168799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland","email":"rviger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Yongxin 0000-0001-6321-1276","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-1276","contributorId":292894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yongxin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70243118,"text":"70243118 - 2023 - Accuracy of shoreline forecasting using sparse data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-01T11:54:04.529234","indexId":"70243118","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:48:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14263,"text":"Ocean and Coast Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of shoreline forecasting using sparse data","docAbstract":"

Sandy beaches are important resources providing recreation, tourism, habitat, and coastal protection. They evolve over various time scales due to local winds, waves, storms, and changes in sea level. A common method used to monitor change in sandy beaches is to measure the movement of the shoreline over time. Typically, the rate of change is estimated by fitting a linear regression through a time series of shoreline positions. To best manage the valuable resources within a coastal environment, accurate forecasts of shoreline position are needed. A simple way to estimate future shoreline position is to extrapolate a linear regression into the future, this method is often used to establish management guidelines like construction setback lines. A more recently developed shoreline forecasting technique utilizes the Kalman filter to assimilate shoreline data and modify the linear regression. This paper calculates the uncertainty and accuracy of both the extrapolated linear regression and Kalman filter forecasting methods for 10- and 20-year hindcasts using data collected at five diverse study areas. These data are inherently sparse (8–10 measurements per location, collected over 150 years) and are representative of the observed historical data available for the continental United States for this timeframe. Both methods produced similar results and had regionally averaged forecast accuracies of 5–16 m. We determined that the inaccuracy of the forecasts is largely due to the effects of shorter time scale variability. This variability is roughly proportional to the standard error of the linear regression, which is a useful measure of forecast uncertainty.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106621","usgsCitation":"Farris, A.S., Long, J.W., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2023, Accuracy of shoreline forecasting using sparse data: Ocean and Coast Management, v. 239, 106621, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106621.","productDescription":"106621, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149121","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106621","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.0181323609342,\n 42.612604369987906\n ],\n [\n -71.0181323609342,\n 42.45075682456917\n ],\n [\n -70.76006466040619,\n 42.45075682456917\n ],\n [\n -70.76006466040619,\n 42.612604369987906\n ],\n [\n -71.0181323609342,\n 42.612604369987906\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.78751867110105,\n 42.11358574731062\n ],\n [\n -70.78751867110105,\n 41.8932530394155\n ],\n [\n -70.48003375132315,\n 41.8932530394155\n ],\n [\n -70.48003375132315,\n 42.11358574731062\n ],\n [\n -70.78751867110105,\n 42.11358574731062\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.11215000801785,\n 42.036148281625714\n ],\n [\n -70.11215000801785,\n 41.8073620898663\n ],\n [\n -69.84310070321233,\n 41.8073620898663\n ],\n [\n -69.84310070321233,\n 42.036148281625714\n ],\n [\n -70.11215000801785,\n 42.036148281625714\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.59002117122246,\n 31.052924740394133\n ],\n [\n -81.59002117122246,\n 30.69475662400724\n ],\n [\n -81.27704544930633,\n 30.69475662400724\n ],\n [\n -81.27704544930633,\n 31.052924740394133\n ],\n [\n -81.59002117122246,\n 31.052924740394133\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.26851886305553,\n 26.485217152462425\n ],\n [\n -80.26851886305553,\n 26.209674401029375\n ],\n [\n -79.98025175076435,\n 26.209674401029375\n ],\n [\n -79.98025175076435,\n 26.485217152462425\n ],\n [\n -80.26851886305553,\n 26.485217152462425\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"239","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farris, Amy S. 0000-0002-4668-7261 afarris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4668-7261","contributorId":196866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Amy","email":"afarris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W","contributorId":216005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A. 0000-0002-1760-5474 ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-5474","contributorId":194838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily","email":"ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243337,"text":"70243337 - 2023 - Nitrogen-bedrock interactions regulate multi-element nutrient limitation and sustainability in forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-11T16:00:18.992243","indexId":"70243337","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:40:36","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen-bedrock interactions regulate multi-element nutrient limitation and sustainability in forests","docAbstract":"

Nutrient limitation of tree growth can intensify when nutrients are lost to forest harvest, creating challenges for forest growth and sustainability. Forest harvest accelerates nutrient loss by removing nutrient-containing biomass and by increasing nutrient leaching, shaping patterns of nutrient depletion that cause long-term shifts in nutrient limitation. Nitrogen most frequently limits tree growth, but where nitrogen is abundant, nutrient limitation often shifts to phosphorus and base cations, depending on soil mineralogy. We used the process-based biogeochemical model NutsFor to evaluate how multiple elements can limit long-term forest growth via interactions between soil nitrogen (low vs. high nitrogen) and soil mineralogy (sedimentary vs. basaltic bedrock). Simulations were run for 525 years with 40-year harvest intervals for managed Douglas-fir forests of the Oregon Coast Range. In low nitrogen sites, nutrient limitation switched after several centuries from nitrogen to phosphorus, as cycles of forest growth and harvest depleted soil organic phosphorus pools. In contrast, high nitrogen sites displayed severe base cation depletion and reduced tree growth within only one to two rotations, with sedimentary bedrock sites limited by calcium and basaltic sites by both calcium and potassium. Harvesting stimulated the largest fractional losses of nitrogen and potassium across all simulations, and additionally of calcium in high nitrogen sites. These multi-element simulations of interactions among harvesting, soil nitrogen, and bedrock type provide a set of testable predictions to guide monitoring and changes in management aimed at sustaining long-term forest productivity across a wide range of soil biogeochemical conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-023-01039-6","usgsCitation":"Siah, K.G., Perakis, S.S., Pett-Ridge, J.C., and van der Heijden, G., 2023, Nitrogen-bedrock interactions regulate multi-element nutrient limitation and sustainability in forests: Biogeochemistry, v. 164, p. 389-413, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01039-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"413","ipdsId":"IP-147344","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siah, Kaveh G.","contributorId":304967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siah","given":"Kaveh","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pett-Ridge, Julie C.","contributorId":172441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pett-Ridge","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Heijden, Gregory","contributorId":304968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Heijden","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66197,"text":"INRA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248739,"text":"70248739 - 2023 - Substantial upper plate faulting above a shallow subduction megathrust earthquake: Mechanics and implications of the surface faulting during the 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-19T11:39:45.04709","indexId":"70248739","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:37:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Substantial upper plate faulting above a shallow subduction megathrust earthquake: Mechanics and implications of the surface faulting during the 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake","docAbstract":"

The 2016 moment magnitude 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake occurred at the southern end of the Hikurangi subduction zone where the upper plate above the shallow megathrust is exposed sub-aerially. As a result, the substantial co-seismic deformation in the upper plate above the megathrust rupture was observed geologically and geodetically. We explore the relationship between this surface faulting and the subduction megathrust rupture and find that the greatest upper plate fault slip occurred coincident (in time and location) with the megathrust rupture. Models of Coulomb stress change demonstrate that these surface faults become positively loaded as the upper plate rebounds during the megathrust event, favoring fault slip. In addition, during the megathrust rupture these faults terminate against an uncoupled subduction plate interface. We simulate the effects of decoupling at the base of these faults and find that very large fault slip is an expected consequence of this decoupling, allowing near-complete strain release. In contrast, typical strike-slip faults, pinned at their base, would have lower amounts of fault slip. These two conditions—increased Coulomb stress and basal decoupling—combine to produce the extreme co-seismic upper plate faulting observed above the shallow Kaikoura megathrust earthquake. Similar conditions occur in other global subduction zones, but in most subduction zones the region above the coupled megathrust is underwater and poorly observed. Our analysis of the Kaikoura earthquake indicates a need to reevaluate patterns of strain accumulation and release in these regions, rather than assuming simple models of elastic rebound.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022TC007645","usgsCitation":"Herman, M.W., Furlong, K.P., and Benz, H.M., 2023, Substantial upper plate faulting above a shallow subduction megathrust earthquake: Mechanics and implications of the surface faulting during the 2016 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake: Tectonics, v. 42, no. 5, e2022TC007645, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022TC007645.","productDescription":"e2022TC007645, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148754","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022tc007645","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 173.55247459472434,\n -41.36342774281367\n ],\n [\n 173.55247459472434,\n -42.42606214524861\n ],\n [\n 174.62867300503626,\n -42.42606214524861\n ],\n [\n 174.62867300503626,\n -41.36342774281367\n ],\n [\n 173.55247459472434,\n -41.36342774281367\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, M. W.","contributorId":329824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36956,"text":"California State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, K. P.","contributorId":329825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":883398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243183,"text":"70243183 - 2023 - Potential effects of habitat change on migratory bird movements and avian influenza transmission in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-03T11:36:54.656507","indexId":"70243183","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-28T06:33:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1398,"text":"Diversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of habitat change on migratory bird movements and avian influenza transmission in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway","docAbstract":"
Wild waterbirds, and especially wild waterfowl, are considered to be a reservoir for avian influenza viruses, with transmission likely occurring at the agricultural-wildlife interface. In the past few decades, avian influenza has repeatedly emerged in China along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF), where extensive habitat conversion has occurred. Rapid environmental changes in the EAAF, especially distributional changes in rice paddy agriculture, have the potential to affect both the movements of wild migratory birds and the likelihood of spillover at the agricultural-wildlife interface. To begin to understand the potential implications such changes may have on waterfowl and disease transmission risk, we created dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMM) based on waterfowl telemetry data. We used these dBBMM models to create hypothetical scenarios that would predict likely changes in waterfowl distribution relative to recent changes in rice distribution quantified through remote sensing. Our models examined a range of responses in which increased availability of rice paddies would drive increased use by waterfowl and decreased availability would result in decreased use, predicted from empirical data. Results from our scenarios suggested that in southeast China, relatively small decreases in rice agriculture could lead to dramatic loss of stopover habitat, and in northeast China, increases in rice paddies should provide new areas that can be used by waterfowl. Finally, we explored the implications of how such scenarios of changing waterfowl distribution may affect the potential for avian influenza transmission. Our results provide advance understanding of changing disease transmission threats by incorporating real-world data that predicts differences in habitat utilization by migratory birds over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/d15050601","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J., Prosser, D., Sullivan, J.D., Yin, S., Wang, X., Zhang, G., and Xiao, X., 2023, Potential effects of habitat change on migratory bird movements and avian influenza transmission in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway: Diversity, v. 15, no. 5, 601, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050601.","productDescription":"601, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151017","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050601","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 110.647426736211,\n 49.63059537353766\n ],\n [\n 110.647426736211,\n 24.72726514910231\n ],\n [\n 138.23321668197326,\n 24.72726514910231\n ],\n [\n 138.23321668197326,\n 49.63059537353766\n ],\n [\n 110.647426736211,\n 49.63059537353766\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John 0000-0003-0217-5907","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":203688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":36688,"text":"Suisun Resource Conservation District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Jeffery D. 0000-0002-9242-2432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-2432","contributorId":265822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yin, Shenglai","contributorId":223544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Shenglai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Xinxin","contributorId":304701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xinxin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Geli","contributorId":206235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Geli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":150759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[{"id":18095,"text":"Center for Spatial Analysis, U of OK, Norman, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243020,"text":"sir20235041 - 2023 - Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:34:51.78009","indexId":"sir20235041","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-27T12:28:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5041","displayTitle":"Public-Supply Water Use in 2010 and Projections of Use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","title":"Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee","docAbstract":"

Future water use was projected for public-water systems in Tennessee. Water-use information was compiled for Tennessee for 2010, and projections were made to 2020 and 2030. The water-use models were based on two primary datasets: baseline water-use information for 2010 for Tennessee and projected population in Tennessee.

Population and water withdrawals in Tennessee are expected to increase through 2030. Because population served is projected to increase by about 1 million people during 2010 to 2030, the supply of finished water to meet demand in Tennessee is projected to increase from 921 to 1,137 million gallons per day, or 23 percent. The residential, commercial, and industrial water use, and treatment and nonrevenue water sectors of public supply are about 37, 32, and 30 percent, respectively, of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030.

In West Tennessee, public-supply water use is 26, 26, and 24 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in West Tennessee is projected to increase 13 percent. In Middle Tennessee, public-supply water use is 38, 39, and 41 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in Middle Tennessee is projected to increase 33 percent. In East Tennessee, public-supply water use is 36, 36, and 35 percent of the total water demand in Tennessee during 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively. From 2010 to 2030, public-supply water use in East Tennessee is projected to increase 21 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.A., and Gain, W.S., 2023, Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use in 2020 and 2030, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5041, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235041.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079080","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500917,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114699.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416446,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235041/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416389,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77S7N07","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Public-supply water use in 2010 and projections of use to 2030 by county and grand division in Tennessee"},{"id":416386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5041/sir20235041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023–5041"},{"id":416385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5041/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":416387,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5041/sir20235041.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":416388,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image 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Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
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","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, John A. 0000-0001-8002-4237 jarobin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8002-4237","contributorId":1105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"jarobin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243023,"text":"pp1876 - 2023 - Volcanic aquifers of Hawaiʻi—Contributions to assessing groundwater availability on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Maui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-18T22:16:30.66487","indexId":"pp1876","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-27T09:04:58","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1876","displayTitle":"Volcanic Aquifers of Hawai‘i—Contributions to Assessing Groundwater Availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui","title":"Volcanic aquifers of Hawaiʻi—Contributions to assessing groundwater availability on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Maui","docAbstract":"

The volcanic aquifers of the Hawaiian Islands supply water to 1.46 million residents, diverse industries, and a large component of the U.S. military in the Pacific. Groundwater also supplies fresh water that supports ecosystems in streams and near the coast. Hawaii’s aquifers are remarkably productive given their small size, but the capacity of the islands to store fresh groundwater is limited because each island is surrounded by seawater, and salt water underlies much of the fresh groundwater. The amount of fresh groundwater available for human use from Hawai‘i’s volcanic aquifers is constrained by the consequences of groundwater withdrawal. Restrictions placed on these consequences can translate to limitations on groundwater availability. Changes in recharge resulting from changes in land cover or climate can alter the effect of withdrawals.

This study uses numerical models of the volcanic aquifers of the islands of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui to quantify the consequences of historical and plausible future withdrawals and changes in recharge. The study compares the results of model simulations of multiple scenarios of historical and projected future withdrawal and recharge. Results of the simulations using the groundwater models of the islands of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui have implications for other islands in Hawai‘i.

Since the first modern water well was drilled in Hawai‘i in 1879, total groundwater withdrawals on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui have risen to nearly 400 million gallons per day. Model simulations indicate that these withdrawals have caused reductions in groundwater discharge to streams and springs, reductions in groundwater discharge to the ocean, changes in subsurface flow between sectors within an island, lowering of groundwater levels, and rise of the interface between fresh water and salt water in the aquifers. Future increases in withdrawals will increase the severity of the consequences. Changes in recharge can alter the effect of withdrawals—increases in recharge can offset the consequences of withdrawals, whereas decreases in recharge can exacerbate the effects of withdrawals.

This study quantifies the consequences of withdrawals for past and plausible future circumstances. The models can be used to test other circumstances. Limits placed on the consequences of withdrawals—such as restrictions to protect stream or coastal ecosystems that rely on groundwater discharge and limitations on water-level decline and rise of the freshwater-saltwater interface to protect the productivity of existing wells—can translate to limits on groundwater availability from Hawai‘i’s volcanic aquifers. Setting acceptable limits to the consequences of groundwater withdrawal is also a critical part of assessing groundwater availability. Once these limits are set, numerical models can be used to quantify the amount of water that can be withdrawn within those limits and thereby inform management decisions that seek to balance the need to limit the consequences of groundwater withdrawals with the need to develop water for human use.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1876","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., and Rotzoll, K., 2023, Volcanic aquifers of Hawai‘i—Contributions to assessing groundwater availability on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Maui (ver. 1.1, June 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1876, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1876.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 100 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"100","ipdsId":"IP-125998","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97CPK5C","text":"MODFLOW–2005 and SWI2 models for assessing groundwater availability scenarios in volcanic aquifers on Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii","description":"Rotzoll, K., and Izuka, S.K., 2023, MODFLOW–2005 and SWI2 models for assessing groundwater availability scenarios in volcanic aquifers on Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P97CPK5C."},{"id":416401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L4N2ZI","text":"Mean annual water-budget components for Oahu, Hawaii, for future-climate conditions, CMIP5 RCP8.5 2041–70 scenario rainfall and 2010 land cover","description":"Rotzoll, K., and Johnson, A.G., 2023, Mean annual water-budget components for Oahu, Hawaii, for future-climate conditions, CMIP5 RCP8.5 2041–70 scenario rainfall and 2010 land cover: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L4N2ZI."},{"id":416402,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1876/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":500158,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114701.htm","text":"Kauai","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416405,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related 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Director,
Pacific Islands Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-27","revisedDate":"2023-06-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X kolja@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":3325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","email":"kolja@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242864,"text":"sir20235034 - 2023 - Developing a habitat model to support management of threatened seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T21:10:26.74788","indexId":"sir20235034","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-26T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5034","displayTitle":"Developing a Habitat Model To Support Management of Threatened Seabeach Amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia","title":"Developing a habitat model to support management of threatened seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"

Amaranthus pumilus (seabeach amaranth) is a federally threatened plant species that has been the focus of restoration efforts at Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS). Despite several years with strong population numbers prior to 2010, monitoring efforts have revealed a significant decline in the seabeach amaranth population since that time, the causes of which have been unclear. To examine potential causes for the population decreases, and to help inform management practices for the future, we first evaluated 20 years of plant population data and three seasons of physical landscape characteristics of seabeach amaranth sites spanning the period of decline to assess how these may have contributed to decreases in habitat. Plant population trends, grazing data, and precipitation data indicate the population declines coincided with severe storms and periods of drought. Furthermore, we found that plants tended to occur at sites on portions of ASIS that were lower elevation on narrower regions of the island than sites where plants were not observed. Secondly, using two different data sampling schemes, we developed Bayesian networks to calculate probabilities of habitat and evaluate the importance of different variables, particularly morphologic metrics, included in the Bayesian networks. Model analyses showed that variables capturing the presence of, and proximity to, the seed bank were important for accurate hindcasts, and that specific barrier-island morphologies tended to occur at sites where seabeach amaranth was observed. More specifically, favorable habitat sites tended to be those more likely to experience overwash during high-water events, consistent with the long-held observations that the plants tend to occur in disturbance-prone settings. Model outputs provide spatially explicit maps of relative habitat suitability and helped to identify high-priority areas for amaranth protection. The modeling effort may also assist in determining the management actions most likely to result in the preservation of a long-term sustainable population.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. National Park Service, Assateague Island National Seashore","programNote":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B.T., and Lentz, E.E., 2023, Developing a habitat model to support management of threatened seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5034, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235034.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 62 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-138169","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500902,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114696.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416084,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKXN3H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seabeach amaranth presence-absence and barrier island geomorphology metrics as relates to shorebird habitat for Assateague Island National Seashore—2008, 2010, and 2014"},{"id":416083,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IZMQ1B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assateague Island seabeach amaranth survey data—2001 to 2018"},{"id":416078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":416081,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5034/sir20235034.XML"},{"id":416082,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5034/images/"},{"id":416079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5034/sir20235034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5034"},{"id":416080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235034/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5034"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.404961539858,\n 37.96286804133118\n ],\n [\n -75.43790635269107,\n 37.87190276298624\n ],\n [\n -75.41868854520543,\n 37.83288321389344\n ],\n [\n -75.3280903099138,\n 37.813365696066924\n ],\n [\n -75.18532945430236,\n 37.95204474129373\n ],\n [\n -75.11943982863623,\n 38.09046248604372\n ],\n [\n -75.07002260938577,\n 38.23940103731053\n ],\n [\n -75.06727720831641,\n 38.334217385797814\n ],\n [\n -75.08649501580261,\n 38.39664223886004\n ],\n [\n -75.15787544360805,\n 38.37297018430121\n ],\n [\n -75.25670988210835,\n 38.245869722482354\n ],\n [\n -75.28690929387204,\n 38.12502605709048\n ],\n [\n -75.37201672702491,\n 37.9780179817395\n ],\n [\n -75.404961539858,\n 37.96286804133118\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T. 0000-0002-1879-7893 bgutierrez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-7893","contributorId":2924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgutierrez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lentz, Erika E. 0000-0002-0621-8954 elentz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0621-8954","contributorId":173964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika","email":"elentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243365,"text":"70243365 - 2023 - Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-10T12:07:56.61287","indexId":"70243365","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-26T07:03:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"

Alviso Slough in South San Francisco Bay has been experiencing restoration of adjacent former salt-production ponds into muted tidal ponds, tidal ponds, and salt marsh. As a result, tidal prism through Alviso Slough has increased and mercury-contaminated sediment has been remobilized. We developed a 2D, high-resolution, process-based model (Delft3D FM-wave) to hindcast observed morpho-dynamic developments and to investigate associated sediment flux in the slough and pond system. Our results contrastingly demonstrate that a successful hindcast of the observed morphodynamic trend is made while reproducing observed intratidal suspended sediment concentrations in Alviso Slough remains a challenge. Our explanation is that the model is able to capture spatial gradients in the tide-residual sediment transports as the result of the large-scale management actions in the system, i.e., the opening of the salt ponds. These tide-residual processes are generally difficult to measure over an entire domain, but are very relevant to model the morphodynamic development. Our model provides a promising tool to trace eroding contaminated sediments to the benefit of restoration project managers and to support planning and design phases of adaptive management measures.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811275135_0103","usgsCitation":"Van der Wegen, M., Reyns, J., Jaffe, B.E., Foxgrover, A.C., Achete, F., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Fregoso, T.A., Nam, J., and Lovering, J., 2023, Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay, in Coastal Sediments Proceedings, p. 1129-1134, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0103.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1129","endPage":"1134","ipdsId":"IP-147951","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7132117678304,\n 37.927707430220735\n ],\n [\n -122.7132117678304,\n 37.06078554622208\n ],\n [\n -121.29658481599789,\n 37.06078554622208\n ],\n [\n -121.29658481599789,\n 37.927707430220735\n ],\n [\n -122.7132117678304,\n 37.927707430220735\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van der Wegen, Mick","contributorId":191095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Wegen","given":"Mick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reyns, Johan","contributorId":224304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyns","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36257,"text":"Deltares","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C. 0000-0003-0638-5776 afoxgrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5776","contributorId":3261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy","email":"afoxgrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Achete, Fernanda","contributorId":174686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Achete","given":"Fernanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27497,"text":"UNESCO-IHE, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A. 0000-0001-7802-5812 tfregoso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-5812","contributorId":2571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa","email":"tfregoso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nam, Judy 0000-0002-3190-9570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-9570","contributorId":304991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nam","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66200,"text":"Valley Water","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lovering, Jessica 0000-0002-0705-9633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-9633","contributorId":304992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovering","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":66200,"text":"Valley Water","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70245414,"text":"70245414 - 2023 - Assessment of potential recovery viability for Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-11T16:18:00.192889","indexId":"70245414","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-26T06:40:06","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of potential recovery viability for Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"

Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, the Colorado River’s top native predatory fish, was historically distributed from the Gulf of California delta to the upper reaches of the Green, Colorado, and San Juan rivers in the Colorado River basin in the Southwestern US. In recent decades Colorado Pikeminnow population abundance has declined, primarily due to predation by warmwater nonnative fish and habitat modification following dam construction. Small, reproducing populations remain in the Green and upper Colorado rivers, but their current population trajectory is declining and the San Juan River population is maintained primarily through stocking. As such, establishment of an additional population could aid recovery efforts and increase the species’ resilience and population redundancy. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon once supported Colorado Pikeminnow, but until recently habitat suitability in this altered reach was considered low due to a depressed thermal regime and abundant nonnative predators. Climate change and ongoing drought has presented an opportunity to evaluate the feasibility of native fish restoration in a system where declining reservoir storage has led to warmer releases and re-emergence of riverine habitat. These changes in the physical attributes of the river have occurred in concert with a system-wide decline in nonnative predators. Conditions ten years ago were not compatible with reintroduction feasibility in Grand Canyon; however, due to rapidly changing conditions an expert Science Panel was convened to evaluate whether the physical and biological attributes of this reach could now support various life stages of Colorado Pikeminnow. Here, we report on the evaluation process and outcome from the Science Panel, which developed a science-based recommendation to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on reintroduction feasibility. The Science Panel concluded that current habitat attributes in Grand Canyon could satisfy some, but perhaps not all, Colorado Pikeminnow life history requirements. This reach has the potential to support adult and sub-adult growth, foraging, migrations, and spawning, but low juvenile survival may limit recruitment. However, populations of other native species are successfully reproducing and increasing in western Grand Canyon, even in areas once considered suboptimal habitat. Should managers decide to move to the next phase of this process, actions such as experimental stocking and monitoring, telemetry studies, bioenergetics modeling, and laboratory-based research may provide additional information to further evaluate a potential reintroduction effort in this rapidly changing but highly altered system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-22-031","usgsCitation":"Dibble, K.L., Yackulic, C., Bestgen, K., Gido, K.B., Jones, T., McKinstry, M., Osmundson, D., Ryden, D., and Schelly, R.C., 2023, Assessment of potential recovery viability for Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 14, no. 1, p. 239-268, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-22-031.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"268","ipdsId":"IP-138882","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443718,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435356,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DYA9FC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge and water temperature data, Lake Powell thermal profiles, and Annual Thermal Units used to assess reintroduction feasibility of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon"},{"id":418390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.3826955382889,\n 36.966521461500975\n ],\n [\n -114.02749123354414,\n 36.966521461500975\n ],\n [\n -114.02749123354414,\n 35.62604328493582\n ],\n [\n -111.3826955382889,\n 35.62604328493582\n ],\n [\n -111.3826955382889,\n 36.966521461500975\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibble, Kimberly L. 0000-0003-0799-4477 kdibble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-4477","contributorId":5174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dibble","given":"Kimberly","email":"kdibble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R.","contributorId":264509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin R.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gido, Keith B.","contributorId":198487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gido","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Tildon","contributorId":311215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Tildon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67360,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, 1380 S. 2350, W. Vernal, UT 84078","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKinstry, Mark","contributorId":276041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinstry","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12646,"text":"BOR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Osmundson, Doug","contributorId":311216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osmundson","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67361,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Junction Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 445 West Gunnison Ave., Suite 140, Grand Junction, CO 81501-5711","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ryden, Dale","contributorId":311217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryden","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67361,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grand Junction Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, 445 West Gunnison Ave., Suite 140, Grand Junction, CO 81501-5711","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schelly, Robert C.","contributorId":301154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schelly","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":65320,"text":"Native Fish Ecology and Conservation Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70243000,"text":"pp1885H - 2023 - Predevelopment water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70243000,"text":"pp1885H - 2023 - Predevelopment water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California","indexId":"pp1885H","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Predevelopment Water Levels, Groundwater Recharge, and Selected Hydrologic Properties of Aquifer Materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California","title":"Predevelopment water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T14:47:28.720274","indexId":"pp1885H","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:49:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Predevelopment Water Levels, Groundwater Recharge, and Selected Hydrologic Properties of Aquifer Materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California","title":"Predevelopment water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California","docAbstract":"

Hydrologic and geophysical data were collected to support updates to an existing groundwater-flow model of Hinkley Valley, California, in the Mojave Desert about 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. These data provide information on predevelopment (pre-1930) water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials.

A predevelopment groundwater-level map, drawn using water-level measurements from 48 wells collected as early as 1918, showed groundwater movement from recharge areas along the Mojave River to evaporative discharge areas near the margin of Harper (dry) Lake in Water Valley. During predevelopment conditions, depth to water ranged from near land surface along the Mojave River to above land surface near Harper (dry) Lake, consistent with flowing wells in Water Valley at that time. Depths to water in much of Hinkley Valley downgradient from the Lockhart fault were less than 20 feet below land surface. By 2017, water-level declines as a result of agricultural pumping, were as much as 60 feet near the Hinkley compressor station.

Areal recharge from infiltration of precipitation on the valley floor is negligible. Average annual recharge as infiltration of runoff from upland drainages to Hinkley and Water Valleys averages 64.7 acre-feet per year. In most years recharge does not occur; in years when it occurs, recharge to Hinkley Valley is typically about 296 acre-feet. In contrast, average recharge as infiltration of streamflow from the Mojave River from 1931 to 2015 was between 13,400 and 17,100 acre-feet per year; in some years recharge from the Mojave River exceeded 100,000 acre-ft. Estimates of predevelopment groundwater movement through Hinkley Gap and groundwater discharge to Harper (dry) Lake ranged from 570 to 1,900 and 820 to 2,460 acre-feet per year, respectively; at the time of this study in 2017, groundwater movement through Hinkley Gap was estimated to be about 83 acre-feet per year.

Hydraulic-conductivity values estimated from slug-test data for 95 monitoring wells ranged from less than 0.1 to 680 feet per day (ft/d); values generally decreased with depth. Median hydraulic-conductivity values calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for Mojave River alluvium and near-shore lake deposits were 73 and 11 ft/d, respectively; median hydraulic-conductivity values for locally derived alluvium and weathered bedrock were 6 and 2 ft/d, respectively. Hydraulic-conductivity values, estimated from NMR data for formerly saturated deposits overlying the 2017 water table, were as high as 300 ft/d near the Hinkley compressor station. Downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station, formerly saturated deposits had hydraulic-conductivity values of about 150 ft/d, which were higher than values in saturated material. Coarse-textured, permeable material in formerly saturated deposits above the 2017 water table may have allowed groundwater, released from the Hinkley compressor station that may have contained Cr(VI), to move rapidly downgradient.

The Lockhart fault is an impediment to groundwater flow within Hinkley Valley. Groundwater-flow directions from horizontal point-velocity probe data were deflected to the west on the upgradient side of the fault compared to the nominal direction of groundwater flow estimated from water-level data. Younger groundwater was present on the upgradient and downgradient sides of the fault, and older groundwater with unadjusted carbon-14 ages as old as 5,650 years before present was in water from wells within splays of the Lockhart fault, consistent with limited groundwater movement across the fault. As a result, groundwater and Cr(VI) released from the Hinkley compressor station moved to the northwest along the downgradient side of the fault.

Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data show water from wells C-01 and IW-03 within the Q4 2015 (October–December 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume was yielded from thin layers within the aquifer that are composed of well-sorted lake-margin (beach) deposits that likely have high lateral and longitudinal connectivity. Collectively, data show highly permeable deposits above the regional water table and thin permeable deposits within saturated portions of the upper aquifer that may have conducted groundwater and Cr(VI) downgradient when releases from the Hinkley compressor station first occurred.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Groover, K.D., Izbicki, J.A., Seymour, W.A., Brown, A.N., Bayless, R.E., Johnson, C.D., Pappas, K.L., Smith, G.A., Clark, D.A., Larsen, J., Dick, M.C., Flint, L.E., Stamos, C.L., and Warden, J.G., 2023, Predevelopment water levels, groundwater recharge, and selected hydrologic properties of aquifer materials, Hinkley and Water Valleys, California, Chapter H of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-H, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885H.","productDescription":"Report: x, 64 p.; Data Release; 5 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"64","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417466,"rank":11,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416347,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/tables/pp1885h_appendtable_h.1.5.xlsx","text":"Appendix table H 1.5","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416346,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/tables/pp1885h_appendtable_h.1.4.xlsx","text":"Appendix table H 1.4","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416345,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/tables/pp1885h_appendtable_h.1.3.xlsx","text":"Appendix table H 1.3","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416344,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/tables/pp1885h_appendtable_h.1.2.xlsx","text":"Appendix table H 1.2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416343,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/tables/pp1885h_appendtable_h.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table H 1.1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416293,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/images"},{"id":416291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/pp1885h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416292,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/h/pp1885h.xml"},{"id":416289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BUXAX1","text":"Hydrologic data in Hinkley and Water Valleys, San Bernardino County, California, 2015–2018","description":"Groover, K.D., Izbicki, J.A., Larsen, J.D., Dick, M.C., Nawikas, J., and Kohel, C.A., 2021, Hydrologic data in Hinkley and Water Valleys, San Bernardino County, California, 2015–2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BUXAX1."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groover, Krishangi D. 0000-0002-5805-8913 kgroover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-8913","contributorId":5626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groover","given":"Krishangi","email":"kgroover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Anthony A. 0000-0001-9925-0197 anbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9925-0197","contributorId":5125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Anthony","email":"anbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bayless, Randall E. 0000-0002-0357-3635 ebayless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":191766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"Randall","email":"ebayless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":870505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pappas, Katherine L. 0000-0002-1030-6973","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-6973","contributorId":217436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappas","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Gregory A. 0000-0001-8170-9924 gasmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":1520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gasmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Dennis A. daclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Dennis","email":"daclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Larsen, Joshua 0000-0002-1218-800X jlarsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-800X","contributorId":272403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Joshua","email":"jlarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dick, Meghan C. 0000-0002-8323-3787 mdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3787","contributorId":200745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"Meghan","email":"mdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352 clstamos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":1252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina","email":"clstamos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70242998,"text":"pp1885F - 2023 - Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242998,"text":"pp1885F - 2023 - Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","indexId":"pp1885F","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Environmental Tracers of Groundwater Source, Age, and Geochemical Evolution","title":"Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:09:53.151935","indexId":"pp1885F","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:48:30","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Environmental Tracers of Groundwater Source, Age, and Geochemical Evolution","title":"Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution","docAbstract":"

Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was discharged in cooling wastewater to unlined surface ponds from 1952 to 1964 and reached the underlying unconsolidated aquifer at the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert, 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. A suite of environmental tracers was analyzed in water samples collected from more than 100 wells to characterize the source, age, and geochemical evolution of groundwater within and near the Cr(VI) plume in Hinkley and Water Valleys. This information was used to help determine the extent of Cr(VI) associated with releases from the Hinkley compressor station and to identify Cr(VI) associated with natural sources.

The source of water in most wells, indicated by stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for water, delta oxygen-18 and delta deuterium, was recharge by infiltration of intermittent surface flows in the Mojave River. With the exception of small flows in 1958, the Mojave River was largely dry between 1952 and 1969. This dry period spans the period of Cr(VI) releases from the Hinkley compressor station; 1952–69 also spans the period of high tritium levels in precipitation resulting from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and, as a consequence, tritium concentrations in groundwater in Hinkley Valley were comparatively low. Groundwater ages (time since recharge) increased downgradient from the Mojave River and with depth. Tritium, measured by helium ingrowth with a study reporting level of 0.05 tritium unit, was detected in water from 51 percent of wells, with detectable tritium as far as 7 miles downgradient from the Mojave River. Tritium concentrations were higher, and tritium/helium-3 groundwater ages younger, in water from wells near the Mojave River and in water from shallower wells downgradient. Agricultural pumping has decreased groundwater levels as much as 60 feet since 1952. As a result of this pumping, some groundwater containing tritium, and presumably anthropogenic Cr(VI), has been removed from the aquifer. The distribution of wells having carbon-14 activities near or greater than 100-percent modern carbon, consistent with post-1952 recharge water, was similar to the distribution of wells containing detectable tritium. Carbon-14 activities as low as 8.9-percent modern carbon, with carbon-14 ages (unadjusted for reactions with aquifer materials) of almost 20,000 years before present (ybp), were sampled in water from some deep wells. Hexavalent chromium concentrations in older groundwater were as high as 11 micrograms per liter but did not exceed 3.6 micrograms per liter in older water from wells completed in “Mojave-type” deposits (composed of felsic Mojave River stream and near-shore lake deposits sourced from the Mojave River); this value may represent an upper limit on Cr(VI) concentrations in groundwater within Mojave-type deposits that likely approximates background Cr(VI) concentrations in the study area. Chlorofluorocarbons were released to the atmosphere and hydrologic cycle as a result of industrial activity beginning in the 1930s. Chlorofluorocarbon data were not generally suitable for groundwater-age dating in Hinkley and Water Valley because of nonatmospheric contributions from local sources.

Strontium-87/86 isotope ratios and stable chromium isotopes, delta chromium-53, provide information on the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer. Highly radiogenic strontium-87/86 ratios greater than 0.71000 were present in water from wells completed in coarse-textured Mojave-type deposits having low chromium concentrations but were not diagnostic of these materials. Nonradiogenic strontium-87/86 ratios less than 0.70950 were diagnostic of weathered materials in the northern subarea of Hinkley and in Water Valley that were eroded from Miocene (23–5 million ybp) deposits east of the study area. Values for delta chromium-53 ranged from near 0 to 2.8 parts per thousand (‰) difference. The extent of reductive fractionation, mixing with native groundwater, and longitudinal dispersion within the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume can be estimated on the basis of the delta chromium-53 isotope composition of groundwater within the plume. Reduction of Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium, Cr(III), can occur in the presence of natural reductants in oxic groundwater. Although not diagnostic of anthropogenic chromium at the concentrations of interest near the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume margin, delta chromium-53 data indicate anthropogenic Cr(VI) within the plume is not conservative and has reacted with aquifer materials; these reactions have removed some anthropogenic Cr(VI) from groundwater.

Environmental tracers, and the distribution of modern (post-1952) and premodern (pre-1952) groundwater, inform understanding of the extent of anthropogenic and naturally occurring Cr(VI) near the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and the understanding of geochemical processes occurring in and near the margins of the Cr(VI) plume. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of water, tritium/helium-3 groundwater-age data, and carbon-14 data were used with mineralogy and chemistry data as part of a summative-scale analysis to determine the Cr(VI) plume extent later in this professional paper (chapter G).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Warden, J.G., Izbicki, J.A., Sültenfuß, J., Scheiderich, K., and Fitzpatrick, J., 2023, Environmental tracers of groundwater source, age, and geochemical evolution, Chapter F of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-F, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885F.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 74 p.; 2 Data Releases; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416331,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/tables/pp1885f_appendtable_f.2.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table 2.1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":416277,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":417464,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3","text":"Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Groover, K.D., and Izbicki, J.A., 2018, Field portable X-ray fluorescence and associated quality control data for the western Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CU0EH3."},{"id":416276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0","text":"Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California","description":"Morrison, J.M., Benzel, W.M., Holm-Denoma, C.S., and Bala, S., 2018, Grain size, mineralogic, and trace-element data from field samples near Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HUPMG0."},{"id":416278,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/pp1885f.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416279,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/pp1885f.xml"},{"id":416280,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/images"},{"id":416330,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/f/tables/pp1885f_appendtable_f.1.1.csv","text":"Appendix table 1.1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warden, John G. 0000-0003-1384-458X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-458X","contributorId":215846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sultenfuss, Jurgen","contributorId":221328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sultenfuss","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40351,"text":"University of Bremen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":870494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheiderich, Kathleen 0000-0002-3756-8324","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3756-8324","contributorId":221339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiderich","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, John 0000-0001-6738-7180 jfitzpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-7180","contributorId":146829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"John","email":"jfitzpat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242996,"text":"pp1885D - 2023 - Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70242996,"text":"pp1885D - 2023 - Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","indexId":"pp1885D","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Analyses of Regulatory Water-Quality Data","title":"Analyses of regulatory water-quality data"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70242957,"text":"pp1885 - 2023 - Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California","indexId":"pp1885","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"title":"Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T13:59:08.063538","indexId":"pp1885D","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T19:47:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1885","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Analyses of Regulatory Water-Quality Data","title":"Analyses of regulatory water-quality data","docAbstract":"

Between 1952 and 1964, hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), was released into groundwater from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station in the Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. The Pacific Gas and Electric Company has monitored groundwater near Hinkley, California, for Cr(VI) and other constituents since the late 1980s. By June 2017, more than 20,000 samples had been collected and analyzed for Cr(VI) for regulatory purposes. Most Cr(VI) samples were analyzed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6 with a laboratory reporting level (LRL) of 0.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Between July 2012 and June 2017, selected samples were analyzed for low-level Cr(VI) concentrations using a modified version of EPA Method 218.6 with an LRL of 0.06 μg/L. Field-blank data and duplicate samples collected during this period indicate a study reporting level (SRL) of 0.2 μg/L for most analyses and a SRL of 0.12 μg/L for low-level Cr(VI) analyses. The overall precision for Cr(VI) data analyzed by both methods at the interim regulatory Cr(VI) background concentration of 3.1 μg/L was 0.09 μg/L, or about 3 percent.

Hexavalent chromium concentration trends were calculated for 564 monitoring wells for the period from July 2012 through June 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends were present in water from 102 monitoring wells throughout Hinkley and Water Valleys. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends in water from wells near the margins of the October–December 2015 (Q4 2015) regulatory Cr(VI) plume (1) within strands of the Lockhart fault east and southeast of the Hinkley compressor station and (2) in water from shallow wells within the northern subarea were consistent with expansion of the Cr(VI) plume in these areas between 2012 and 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends were widely distributed elsewhere in Hinkley and Water Valleys outside the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and were commonly associated with declining water levels. These upward trends may result from natural Cr(VI) sources, including movement of Cr(VI) containing groundwater from (1) weathered bedrock, (2) fine-textured deposits, or (3) secondarily oxidized material distributed throughout aquifer deposits. Downward Cr(VI) concentration trends were observed in 146 monitoring wells. Downward trends were largely within the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume and can be attributed to remediation activities downgradient from the Hinkley compressor station. Hexavalent chromium concentration trends also were calculated for 219 domestic wells from July 2012 through June 2017. Upward Cr(VI) concentration trends in 8 domestic wells and downward trends in 23 domestic wells were clustered largely within former residential areas west of the Q4 2015 regulatory Cr(VI) plume. Results of Cr(VI) trend analyses (including upward, downward, and no trend) were used with other data as part of a summative-scale analysis (chapter G) to define the extent of anthropogenic Cr(VI) and natural Cr(VI) within Hinkley and Water Valleys.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1885D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Seymour, W.A., 2023, Analyses of regulatory water-quality data, Chapter D of Natural and anthropogenic (human-made) hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater near a mapped plume, Hinkley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1885-D, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1885D.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; 6 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417462,"rank":11,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231043","text":"Open-File Report 2023-1043","linkHelpText":"- Natural and Anthropogenic Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California"},{"id":416326,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.6.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.6"},{"id":416325,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.5.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.5"},{"id":416323,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.3.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.3"},{"id":416322,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.2.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.2"},{"id":416321,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.1.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.1"},{"id":416262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/pp1885d.xml"},{"id":416261,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/pp1885d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416324,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/tables/pp1885d_appendtable_d.1.4.xlsx","text":"Appendix table D.1.4"},{"id":416263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1885/d/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 35.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":152474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seymour, Whitney A. 0000-0002-5999-6573 wseymour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573","contributorId":4131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seymour","given":"Whitney","email":"wseymour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70256481,"text":"70256481 - 2023 - Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T14:43:35.796534","indexId":"70256481","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T09:35:56","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"

During the Late Pleistocene, major parts of North America were periodically covered by ice sheets. However, there are still questions about whether ice-free refugia were present in the Alexander Archipelago along the Southeast (SE) Alaska coast during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Numerous subfossils have been recovered from caves in SE Alaska, including American black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U. arctos) bears, which today are found in the Alexander Archipelago but are genetically distinct from mainland bear populations. Hence, these bear species offer an ideal system to investigate long-term occupation, potential refugial survival and lineage turnover. Here, we present genetic analyses based on 99 new complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient and modern brown and black bears spanning the last ~45,000 years. Black bears form two SE Alaskan subclades, one preglacial and another postglacial, that diverged >100,000 years ago. All postglacial ancient brown bears are closely related to modern brown bears in the archipelago, while a single preglacial brown bear is found in a distantly related clade. A hiatus in the bear subfossil record around the LGM and the deep split of their pre- and postglacial subclades fail to support a hypothesis of continuous occupancy in SE Alaska throughout the LGM for either species. Our results are consistent with an absence of refugia along the SE Alaska coast, but indicate that vegetation quickly expanded after deglaciation, allowing bears to recolonize the area after a short-lived LGM peak.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.16960","usgsCitation":"da Silva Coelho, F.A., Gill, S., Tomlin, C.M., Papavassiliou, M., Farley, S.D., Cook, J., Sonsthagen, S.A., Sage, G.K., Heaton, T.H., Talbot, S., and Lindqvist, C., 2023, Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska: Molecular Ecology, v. 32, no. 13, p. 3641-3656, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3641","endPage":"3656","ipdsId":"IP-147539","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Stephanie","contributorId":340795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomlin, Crystal M.","contributorId":340797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomlin","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Papavassiliou, Marilena","contributorId":340799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Papavassiliou","given":"Marilena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":340801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":81667,"text":"Alaska Department of Game and Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":340802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph A.","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sage, George K.","contributorId":340803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":63248,"text":"Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heaton, Timothy H.","contributorId":340804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16684,"text":"University of South Dakota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L.","contributorId":340805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra L.","affiliations":[{"id":63248,"text":"Far Northwestern Institute of Art and Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lindqvist, Charlotte","contributorId":340806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindqvist","given":"Charlotte","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70243157,"text":"70243157 - 2023 - Surface fault displacement models for strike-slip faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T13:37:26.855089","indexId":"70243157","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T08:32:25","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14266,"text":"Report GIRS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2022-07","title":"Surface fault displacement models for strike-slip faults","docAbstract":"

Fault displacement models (FDMs) are an essential component of the probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses (PFDHA), much like ground motion models in the probabilistic seismic hazard analyses for ground motion hazards. In this study, we develop several principal surface FDMs for strike-slip earthquakes. The model development is based on analyses of the new and comprehensive fault displacement database developed as part of the Fault Displacement Hazard Initiative project led by the University of California, Los Angeles. The main objective of our study is to update the FDMs that were developed over a decade ago by the U.S. Geological Survey and California Geological Survey, in which a reference trace was drawn manually, FDMs are fixed-effect models for lateral displacement, displacement on multiple subparallel ruptures is not aggregated, magnitude (M) scaling is linear, and natural logarithm of displacement is assumed to be normally distributed.

","language":"English","publisher":"B. John Garrick Institute for the Risk Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles","doi":"10.34948/N3RG6X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, B.S., Chen, R., Thomas, K., Milliner, C.W., Dawson, T., and Petersen, M.D., 2023, Surface fault displacement models for strike-slip faults: Report GIRS 2022-07, xviii, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.34948/N3RG6X.","productDescription":"xviii, 168 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150187","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, Brian S. J.","contributorId":304664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[{"id":34112,"text":"California Department of Transportation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Rui","contributorId":304665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Rui","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Kate","contributorId":304666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milliner, Christopher W. D.","contributorId":304667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliner","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W. D.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":304669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy E.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243015,"text":"70243015 - 2023 - The concept of land bridge marshes in the Mississippi River Delta and implications for coastal restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-26T12:11:39.748272","indexId":"70243015","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-25T07:08:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14257,"text":"Nature Based Solutions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The concept of land bridge marshes in the Mississippi River Delta and implications for coastal restoration","docAbstract":"

Louisiana has high coastal wetland loss rates due to natural processes such as subsidence and anthropogenic activities such as construction of river levees and dams, pervasive alteration of surface hydrology by local industries such as oil and gas, and navigation. With the exception of the Atchafalaya River discharge area, most of Louisiana's marsh coastline is retreating and coastal marshes are degrading. In the inactive degrading delta regions, there exists a previously uncharacterized landform referred to colloquially as coastal ‘land bridge’ marshes. Land bridge marshes are saline or brackish marshes fronting large estuarine bays or lakes with sufficient fetch and wave energy to supply high levels of resuspended sediments to the marsh surface. They are generally linear features that are oriented parallel to the coast and the shoreline front retreats landward due to erosion from wave energy. These marshes persist over time vertically due to input of resuspended sediments but are experiencing rapid edge erosion due to wave attack. Comparison of data from Louisiana's Coastal Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) sites show that land bridge marshes have a greater frequency of higher soil surface elevation and higher soil bulk density than non-land bridge marshes. Because land bridges are vertically stable relative to other coastal wetlands, identification of measures to sustain these landscape features is important. Simulations using MarshMorpho2D, a process-based reduced-complexity morphology model, suggest that protection barriers installed on the seaward side of land bridge marshes will attenuate wave energy and, thus, edge erosion. Shoreline protection that can reduce wave energy but still allow sediment input to marshes include living shorelines, rock barriers, and/or breakwaters. Periodic thin layer nourishment of the marsh surface may be necessary to help sustain vertical growth. Further, marsh creation projects directly landward of land bridge marshes may benefit from their protection from waves and as a source of sediment. Consideration of land bridge marshes as distinct marsh types in the State Master Plan and integrated modeling could help to identify measures to sustain these landscape features.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100061","usgsCitation":"Day, J.W., Twilley, R.R., Freeman, A., Couvillion, B., Quirk, T., Jafari, N., Mariotti, G., Hunter, R., Norman, C., Kemp, G., White, J.R., and Meselhe, E., 2023, The concept of land bridge marshes in the Mississippi River Delta and implications for coastal restoration: Nature Based Solutions, v. 3, 100061, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100061.","productDescription":"100061, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150398","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":416369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.12197444730403,\n 31.054279968436333\n ],\n [\n -92.12197444730403,\n 28.789280376645095\n ],\n [\n -88.91534599819444,\n 28.789280376645095\n ],\n [\n -88.91534599819444,\n 31.054279968436333\n ],\n [\n -92.12197444730403,\n 31.054279968436333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, John W.","contributorId":200323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twilley, Robert R.","contributorId":34585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Angelina","contributorId":223755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Angelina","affiliations":[{"id":40763,"text":"Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":222810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quirk, Tracy","contributorId":208063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quirk","given":"Tracy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37701,"text":"Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jafari, Navid H.","contributorId":214730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jafari","given":"Navid H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mariotti, Giulio","contributorId":207541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mariotti","given":"Giulio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37557,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunter, Rachael","contributorId":304470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Rachael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66082,"text":"Comite Resources Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norman, Charles","contributorId":304471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66083,"text":"Charles Norman & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kemp, G. 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Policymakers must make management decisions despite incomplete knowledge and conflicting model projections. Little guidance exists for the rapid, representative, and unbiased collection of policy-relevant scientific input from independent modeling teams. Integrating approaches from decision analysis, expert judgment, and model aggregation, we convened multiple modeling teams to evaluate COVID-19 reopening strategies for a mid-sized United States county early in the pandemic. Projections from seventeen distinct models were inconsistent in magnitude but highly consistent in ranking interventions. The 6-mo-ahead aggregate projections were well in line with observed outbreaks in mid-sized US counties. The aggregate results showed that up to half the population could be infected with full workplace reopening, while workplace restrictions reduced median cumulative infections by 82%. Rankings of interventions were consistent across public health objectives, but there was a strong trade-off between public health outcomes and duration of workplace closures, and no win-win intermediate reopening strategies were identified. Between-model variation was high; the aggregate results thus provide valuable risk quantification for decision making. This approach can be applied to the evaluation of management interventions in any setting where models are used to inform decision making. This case study demonstrated the utility of our approach and was one of several multimodel efforts that laid the groundwork for the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, which has provided multiple rounds of real-time scenario projections for situational awareness and decision making to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since December 2020.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2207537120","usgsCitation":"Shea, K., Borchering, R.K., Probert, W., Howerton, E., Bogich, T.L., Li, S., van Panhuis, W., Viboud, C., Aguas, R., Belov, A.A., Bhargava, S.H., Cavany, S.M., Chang, J.C., Chen, C., Chen, J., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Childs, L.M., Chow, C.C., Crooker, I., Del Valle, S.Y., Espana, G., Fairchild, G., Gerkin, R.C., Germann, T.C., Gu, Q., Guan, X., Guo, L., Hart, G.R., Hladish, T.J., Hupert, N., Janies, D., Kerr, C.C., Klein, D.J., Klein, E.Y., Lin, G., Manore, C., Meyers, L.A., Mittler, J.E., Mu, K., Nunez, R.C., Oidtman, R.J., Pasco, R., Pastore y Piontti, A., Paul, R., Pearson, C.A., Perdomo, D.R., Perkins, T.A., Pierce, K., Pillai, A.N., Rael, R.C., Rosenfeld, K., Ross, C.W., Spencer, J.A., Stoltzfus, A.B., Toh, K.B., Vattikuti, S., Vespignani, A., Wang, L., White, L.J., Pan, X., Yang, Y., Yogurtcu, O.N., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Zou, D., Ferrari, M., Pannell, D., Tildesley, M., 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Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In the framework of the 2nd phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2) initiative, we review the state of the art in estimating inland water GHG budgets at global scale, which has substantially advanced since the first phase of RECCAP nearly ten years ago. The development of increasingly sophisticated upscaling techniques, including statistical prediction and process based models, allows for spatially explicit estimates which are needed for regionalized assessments of continental GHG budgets such as those established for RECCAP. A few recent estimates also resolve the seasonal and/or interannual variability in inland water GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the global-scale assessment of inland water emissions remains challenging because of limited spatial and temporal coverage of observations and persisting uncertainties in the abundance and distribution of inland water surface areas. To decrease these uncertainties, more empirical work on the contributions of hot-spots and hot-moments to overall inland water GHG emissions is particularly needed.

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State-of-the-art of global scale assessments: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 37, no. 5, e2022GB007657, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007657.","productDescription":"e2022GB007657, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145371","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gb007657","text":"External Repository"},{"id":416486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauerwald, Ronny","contributorId":169950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauerwald","given":"Ronny","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25638,"text":"University ofhamburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, George H.","contributorId":257248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"George H.","affiliations":[{"id":51991,"text":"Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deemer, Bridget R. 0000-0002-5845-1002 bdeemer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-1002","contributorId":198160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deemer","given":"Bridget","email":"bdeemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Shaoda","contributorId":257246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shaoda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51989,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maavara, Taylor","contributorId":304577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maavara","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66117,"text":"Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raymond, Peter","contributorId":200764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alcott, Lewis","contributorId":304578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcott","given":"Lewis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66118,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bastviken, David","contributorId":304579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastviken","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54595,"text":"Department of Thematic Studies - 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BGEOSYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70242907,"text":"ofr20231017 - 2023 - Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T20:47:08.566968","indexId":"ofr20231017","displayToPublicDate":"2023-04-24T13:31:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1017","displayTitle":"Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2020","title":"Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020","docAbstract":"

Trace-metal concentrations in sediment and in the clam Limecola petalum (World Register of Marine Species, 2020; formerly reported as Macoma balthica and M. petalum), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure were investigated in a mudflat 1 kilometer (km) south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in south San Francisco Bay, California. This report includes the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for January 2020–December 2020 (Cain and others, 2022). These data append to long-term datasets extending back to 1974. A major focus of the report is an integrated description of the 2020 data within the context of the longer, multidecadal dataset. This dataset supports the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving- Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.

Silver and copper contamination substantially decreased at the site in the 1980s following the implementation by PARWQCP of advanced wastewater-treatment and source-control measures. Since the 1990s, concentrations of these elements in surface sediments have continued to decrease, although more slowly. For example, from 1994 to 2020, the minimum annual mean silver concentration—0.20 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg)—was observed in multiple years. In 2020, silver concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 mg/kg. These concentrations are 2 to 3 times higher than the regional background concentration. Presently (2020), sediment-copper concentrations appear to be near the regional background level. Over the same period (1994–2020), sedimentary iron and zinc exhibited modest decreases. Sedimentary aluminum, chromium, mercury, nickel, and selenium have not exhibited any trend. Since 1994, silver and copper concentrations in L. petalum have varied seasonally, apparently in response to a combination of site-specific metal exposures and cyclic growth and reproduction, as reported previously. Seasonal patterns for other elements, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, generally were similar in timing and magnitude as those for silver and copper. Downward trends in the silver and zinc concentrations in L. petalum during 1994–2020 were evident and appeared to be related to the general physiological condition of the clam, indicated by a condition index.

Biological effects of elevated silver and copper contamination at the Palo Alto site have been interpreted from data collected during and after the recession of these contaminants. Concentrations of both elements in the soft tissues of L. petalum decreased with sedimentary copper and silver. This pattern was associated with changes in the reproductive activity of L. petalum, as well as the structure of the benthic invertebrate community. Reproductive activity of L. petalum increased as metal concentrations in L. petalum decreased (Hornberger and others, 2000), and presently is stable with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring. Analyses of the benthic community structure indicate that the infaunal invertebrate community has shifted from one dominated by several opportunistic species when silver and copper exposures were highest to one in which the species abundance is more evenly distributed, a pattern that indicates a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. Importantly, this long-term change is unrelated to other metals and other measured environmental factors, including salinity and sediment composition. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decrease in dominance coincident with the decrease in metals. Both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and showed signs of increasing abundance in 2020. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance and, in the last several years before 2008, showed a stable population. H. filiformis abundance increased slightly from 2011 to 2012 and returned to pre-2011 numbers in 2020.

The reproductive mode of most species that were present in 2020 was indicative of species that were capable of movement either as pelagic larvae or as mobile adults. Although oviparous species were lower in number in this group, the authors hypothesize that these species will return slowly as more species move back into the area. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2020 benthic community data, which showed that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today, community data show a mix of species that consume the sediment, or filter feed, those that have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and those that brood their young. The long-term recovery observed after the 1970s can be ascribed to the decrease in sediment pollutants.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M.-N., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Shrader, K.H., Kieu, L.H., and Luoma, S.N., 2023, Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1017, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231017.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-133169","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":416135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1017/ofr20231017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416139,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181107","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1107","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving-water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California—2017"},{"id":416136,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S","text":"Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022)","description":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., Parchaso, F., Stewart, R., Zierdt Smith, E.L., Thompson, J.K., Kieu, L., Turner, M., and Baesman, S.M., 2022, Data for monitoring trace metal and benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California (ver 2.0, November 2022): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBQ23S."},{"id":416140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171135","text":"Open-File Report 2017-1135","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2016"},{"id":499767,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114697.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416137,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211079","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1079","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2019"},{"id":416138,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191084","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1084","linkHelpText":"- Near-Field Receiving-Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California—2018"},{"id":416141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161118","text":"Open-File Report 2016-1118","linkHelpText":"- Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in south San Francisco Bay, California; 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.38564942805466\n ],\n [\n -121.8210169399245,\n 37.52598582053362\n ],\n [\n -122.26067527634044,\n 37.52598582053362\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-04-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":173016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X arstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":1482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.","email":"arstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":40553,"text":"WMA - Office of the Chief Operating Officer","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zierdt Smith, Emily L. 0000-0003-0787-1856 ezierdtsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-1856","contributorId":220320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierdt Smith","given":"Emily","email":"ezierdtsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shrader, Kelly H. 0000-0001-6550-7425 kshrader@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-7425","contributorId":220319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrader","given":"Kelly","email":"kshrader@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":870183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":206905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le H.","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":870184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}