An unprecedented increase in earthquakes in the U.S. mid-continent began in 2009. Many of these earthquakes have been documented as induced by wastewater injection. We examine the relationship between wastewater injection and U.S. mid-continent seismicity using a newly assembled injection well database for the central and eastern United States. We find that the entire increase in earthquake rate is associated with fluid injection wells. High-rate injection wells (>300,000 barrels per month) are much more likely to be associated with earthquakes than lower-rate wells. At the scale of our study, a well’s cumulative injected volume, monthly wellhead pressure, depth, and proximity to crystalline basement do not strongly correlate with earthquake association. Managing injection rates may be a useful tool to minimize the likelihood of induced earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.aab1345","usgsCitation":"Weingarten, M., Ge, S., Godt, J.W., Bekins, B.A., and Rubinstein, J.L., 2015, High-rate injection is associated with the increase in U.S. mid-continent seismicity: Science, v. 348, no. 6241, p. 1336-340, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1345.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1336","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060459","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1345","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","issue":"6241","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5697833ce4b039675d00a6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weingarten, Matthew","contributorId":138656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weingarten","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12481,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":588242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100559,"text":"70100559 - 2015 - On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T11:48:44.692877","indexId":"70100559","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation","docAbstract":"Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes. We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linear-cloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic – formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Masci, F., and Love, J.J., 2015, On a report that the 2012 M 6.0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, p. 1061-1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1061","endPage":"1068","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055913","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1061-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[15.52038,38.23116],[15.16024,37.44405],[15.3099,37.13422],[15.09999,36.61999],[14.33523,36.99663],[13.82673,37.10453],[12.431,37.61295],[12.57094,38.12638],[13.74116,38.03497],[14.76125,38.14387],[15.52038,38.23116]]],[[[9.21001,41.20999],[9.80998,40.50001],[9.66952,39.17738],[9.21482,39.24047],[8.80694,38.90662],[8.4283,39.17185],[8.38825,40.37831],[8.16,40.95001],[8.70999,40.89998],[9.21001,41.20999]]],[[[12.37649,46.76756],[13.80648,46.50931],[13.69811,46.01678],[13.93763,45.59102],[13.14161,45.73669],[12.32858,45.38178],[12.38387,44.88537],[12.26145,44.60048],[12.58924,44.09137],[13.52691,43.58773],[14.02982,42.76101],[15.14257,41.95514],[15.92619,41.96132],[16.1699,41.74029],[15.88935,41.54108],[16.785,41.17961],[17.51917,40.87714],[18.37669,40.35562],[18.48025,40.16887],[18.29339,39.81077],[17.73838,40.27767],[16.8696,40.44223],[16.44874,39.7954],[17.17149,39.4247],[17.05284,38.90287],[16.63509,38.84357],[16.10096,37.9859],[15.68409,37.90885],[15.68796,38.21459],[15.89198,38.75094],[16.10933,38.96455],[15.71881,39.54407],[15.41361,40.04836],[14.9985,40.17295],[14.70327,40.60455],[14.06067,40.78635],[13.62799,41.18829],[12.88808,41.25309],[12.10668,41.70453],[11.19191,42.35543],[10.51195,42.93146],[10.20003,43.92001],[9.70249,44.03628],[8.88895,44.36634],[8.42856,44.23123],[7.85077,43.76715],[7.43518,43.69384],[7.5496,44.1279],[7.00756,44.25477],[6.74996,45.02852],[7.09665,45.3331],[6.80236,45.70858],[6.84359,45.99115],[7.27385,45.77695],[7.75599,45.82449],[8.31663,46.16364],[8.48995,46.00515],[8.96631,46.03693],[9.18288,46.44021],[9.92284,46.3149],[10.36338,46.48357],[10.4427,46.89355],[11.04856,46.75136],[11.16483,46.94158],[12.15309,47.11539],[12.37649,46.76756]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Italy\"}}]}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c341e4b0e02680be59aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.N.","contributorId":20988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masci, F.","contributorId":118241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masci","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154991,"text":"70154991 - 2015 - Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T09:31:31","indexId":"70154991","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Beavers (Castor canadensis) influence habitat for many species and pose challenges in developed landscapes. They are increasingly viewed as a cost-efficient means of riparian habitat restoration and water storage. Still, information on their status is rare, particularly in western North America. We used aerial photography to evaluate changes in beaver occupancy between 1942–1968 and 2009 in upper portions of 2 large watersheds in Oregon, USA. We used multiple observers and occupancy modeling to account for bias related to photo quality, observers, and imperfect detection of beaver impoundments. Our analysis suggested a slightly higher rate of beaver occupancy in the upper Deschutes than the upper Klamath basin. We found weak evidence for beaver increases in the west and declines in eastern parts of the study area. Our study presents a method for dealing with observer variation in photo interpretation and provides the first assessment of the extent of beaver influence in 2 basins with major water-use challenges. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.516","collaboration":".","usgsCitation":"Pearl, C., Adams, M.J., Haggerty, P.K., and Urban, L., 2015, Using occupancy models to accommodate uncertainty in the interpretation of aerial photograph data: status of beaver in Central Oregon, USA: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 2, no. 39, p. 319-325, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.516.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053900","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5cc777d8806418c908f6525f1ad87fc","text":"External Repository"},{"id":305902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes basin; Klamath basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 42.00848901572399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beafe4b09a3b01b530a9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/wsb.516","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.516","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Pearl Christopher A., Adams Michael J., Haggerty Patricia K., Urban Leslie","journalName":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","publicationDate":"2/27/2015","auditedOn":"3/2/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearl, Christopher A. christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","contributorId":145515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher A.","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggerty, Patricia K. phaggerty@usgs.gov","contributorId":4602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Patricia","email":"phaggerty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urban, Leslie","contributorId":145516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urban","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155032,"text":"70155032 - 2015 - Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T10:56:58","indexId":"70155032","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","docAbstract":"Since the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in the eastern hemisphere, numerous surveillance programs and studies have been undertaken to detect the occurrence, distribution, or spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild bird populations worldwide. To identify demographic determinants and spatiotemporal patterns of AIV infection in long distance migratory waterfowl in North America, we fitted generalized linear models with binominal distribution to analyze results from 13,574 blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE) sampled in 2007 to 2010 year round during AIV surveillance programs in Canada and the United States. Our analyses revealed that during late summer staging (July-August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year (HY) birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year (AHY) birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding period), likely due to maturing immune systems and newly acquired immunity of HY birds. Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in late summer prior to fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible HY birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Central and Mississippi flyways were more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Seasonal cycles and spatial variation of AIV infection were largely driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in HY birds, which had more prominent cycles and spatial variation in infection compared to AHY birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US, while illustrating the importance of migratory host life cycle and age in driving cyclical patterns of prevalence.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130662","usgsCitation":"Nallar, R., Papp, Z., Epp, T., Leighton, F.A., Swafford, S.R., DeLiberto, T.J., Dusek, R., Ip, S., Hall, J.S., Berhane, Y., Gibbs, S., and Soos, C., 2015, Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0130662: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130662.","productDescription":"e0130662: 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056734","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130662","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.68761843185617\n ],\n [\n -144.140625,\n 70.0205873017406\n ],\n [\n -151.259765625,\n 70.67088107015755\n ],\n [\n -157.060546875,\n 71.38514208411497\n ],\n [\n -160.224609375,\n 70.75796562654924\n ],\n [\n -163.30078125,\n 69.80930869552193\n ],\n [\n -164.8828125,\n 68.942606818121\n ],\n [\n -166.9921875,\n 68.56038368664157\n ],\n [\n -164.8828125,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66.96447630005638\n ],\n [\n -162.59765625,\n 66.89559561140706\n ],\n [\n -162.24609375,\n 66.33750501996518\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 66.26685631430843\n ],\n [\n -164.1796875,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 65.62202261510642\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 65.2198939361321\n ],\n [\n -166.728515625,\n 64.39693778132846\n ],\n [\n -165.498046875,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -161.103515625,\n 64.73664139557683\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 63.82128765261384\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -165.234375,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -166.728515625,\n 61.85614879566797\n ],\n [\n -166.025390625,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -164.61914062499997,\n 59.712097173322924\n ],\n [\n -162.59765625,\n 59.66774058164963\n ],\n [\n -162.333984375,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -160.48828125,\n 58.6769376725869\n ],\n [\n -158.02734375,\n 58.309488840677645\n ],\n [\n -162.509765625,\n 55.92458580482951\n ],\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 53.74871079689897\n ],\n [\n -174.90234375,\n 52.53627304145948\n ],\n [\n -183.076171875,\n 52.53627304145948\n ],\n [\n -183.95507812499997,\n 52.10650519075632\n ],\n [\n -180.439453125,\n 51.069016659603896\n ],\n [\n -177.099609375,\n 51.01375465718821\n ],\n [\n -171.298828125,\n 51.998410382390325\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 53.9560855309879\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 55.57834467218206\n ],\n [\n -152.666015625,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -150.46875,\n 58.35563036280967\n ],\n [\n -151.435546875,\n 59.0405546167585\n ],\n [\n -148.53515625,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -144.931640625,\n 60.06484046010452\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -136.0546875,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -132.802734375,\n 52.5897007687178\n ],\n [\n -130.869140625,\n 51.508742458803326\n ],\n [\n -131.220703125,\n 53.38332836757156\n ],\n [\n -130.78125,\n 54.92714186454645\n ],\n [\n -129.90234375,\n 56.26776108757582\n ],\n [\n -132.71484375,\n 57.468589192089325\n ],\n [\n -135.52734375,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -137.98828125,\n 59.22093407615045\n ],\n [\n -139.21874999999997,\n 60.413852350464914\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 60.326947742998414\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 59.88893689676585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 39.63953756436671\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -67.236328125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -65.478515625,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -63.45703124999999,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -60.380859375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -60.029296875,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -60.732421875,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -62.9296875,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -63.984375,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n -64.423828125,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -63.80859374999999,\n 49.15296965617039\n ],\n [\n -65.830078125,\n 49.49667452747045\n ],\n [\n -68.5546875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 46.437856895024225\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 46.255846818480336\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 51.67255514839676\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 52.05249047600099\n ],\n [\n -104.67773437499999,\n 52.802761415419674\n ],\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 53.067626642387374\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 53.014783245859235\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 52.32191088594773\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.694865977875075\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -106.171875,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 28.767659105691255\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -100.634765625,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -99.052734375,\n 26.03704188651584\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 29.84064389983441\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.059125784374068\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.48295117535531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nallar, Rodolfo","contributorId":145602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nallar","given":"Rodolfo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16163,"text":"1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papp, Zsuzsanna","contributorId":145603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Papp","given":"Zsuzsanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16164,"text":"Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, 115 Perimeter Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4 Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epp, Tasha","contributorId":145604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epp","given":"Tasha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16165,"text":"4Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leighton, Frederick A.","contributorId":46063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swafford, Seth R.","contributorId":145605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swafford","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16166,"text":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 1714 Commerce Court, Suite C, Columbia, MO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeLiberto, Thomas J.","contributorId":145606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeLiberto","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16167,"text":"7United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Berhane, Yohannes","contributorId":145607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berhane","given":"Yohannes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16168,"text":"National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3L 3M4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gibbs, Samantha E.J.","contributorId":127739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Samantha E.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7128,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soos, Catherine","contributorId":99042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soos","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70142980,"text":"70142980 - 2015 - Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T14:57:32","indexId":"70142980","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California","docAbstract":"Many epithermal gold-silver deposits are temporally and spatially associated with late Oligocene to Pliocene magmatism of the southern ancestral Cascade arc in western Nevada and eastern California. These deposits, which include both quartz-adularia (low- and intermediate-sulfidation; Comstock Lode, Tonopah, Bodie) and quartz-alunite (high-sulfidation; Goldfield, Paradise Peak) types, were major producers of gold and silver. Ancestral Cascade arc magmatism preceded that of the modern High Cascades arc and reflects subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America. Ancestral arc magmatism began about 45 Ma, continued until about 3 Ma, and extended from near the Canada-United States border in Washington southward to about 250 km southeast of Reno, Nevada. The ancestral arc was split into northern and southern segments across an inferred tear in the subducting slab between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak in northern California. The southern segment extends between 42°N in northern California and 37°N in western Nevada and was active from about 30 to 3 Ma. It is bounded on the east by the northeast edge of the Walker Lane. Ancestral arc volcanism represents an abrupt change in composition and style of magmatism relative to that in central Nevada. Large volume, caldera-forming, silicic ignimbrites associated with the 37 to 19 Ma ignimbrite flareup are dominant in central Nevada, whereas volcanic centers of the ancestral arc in western Nevada consist of andesitic stratovolcanoes and dacitic to rhyolitic lava domes that mostly formed between 25 and 4 Ma. Both ancestral arc and ignimbrite flareup magmatism resulted from rollback of the shallowly dipping slab that began about 45 Ma in northeast Nevada and migrated south-southwest with time. Most southern segment ancestral arc rocks have oxidized, high potassium, calc-alkaline compositions with silica contents ranging continuously from about 55 to 77 wt%. Most lavas are porphyritic and contain coarse plagioclase ± hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene phenocrysts. Seven epithermal gold-silver deposits with >1 Moz gold production, several large elemental sulfur deposits, and many large areas (10s to >100 km2) of hydrothermally altered rocks are present in the southern ancestral arc, especially south of latitude 40°N. These deposits are principally hosted by intermediate to silicic lava dome complexes; only a few deposits are associated with mafic- to intermediate-composition stratovolcanoes. Large deposits are most abundant and well developed in volcanic fields whose evolution spanned millions of years. Most deposits are hundreds of thousands to several million years younger than their host rocks, although some quartz-alunite deposits are essentially coeval with their host rocks. Variable composition and thickness of crustal basement is the primary control on mineralization along the length of the southern ancestral arc; most deposits and large alteration zones are localized in basement rock terranes with a strong continental affinity, either along the edge of the North American craton (Goldfield, Tonopah) or in an accreted terrane with continental affinities (Walker Lake terrane; Aurora, Bodie, Comstock Lode, Paradise Peak). Epithermal deposits and quartz-alunite alteration zones are scarce to absent in the northern part of the ancestral arc above an accreted island arc (Black Rock terrane) or unknown basement rocks (Modoc Plateau). Walker Lane structures and areas that underwent large magnitude extension during the Late Cenozoic (areas with Oligocene-early Miocene volcanic rocks dipping >40°) do not provide regional control on mineralization. Instead, these features may have served as local-scale conduits for mineralizing fluids.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries","conferenceTitle":"2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries","conferenceLocation":"Reno/Sparks, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","collaboration":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., du Bray, E.A., Henry, C.D., and Vikre, P.G., 2015, Magmatism and Epithermal Gold-Silver Deposits of the Southern Ancestral Cascade Arc, Western Nevada and Eastern California, in 2015 Symposium on New Concepts and Discoveries, Reno/Sparks, Nevada, 35 p.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063761","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Eastern California and Western Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 41.42625319507272\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 40.43022363450859\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -118.0810546875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -117.6416015625,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -118.32275390624999,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -119.37744140625,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -120.21240234375001,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -120.60791015625,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -120.69580078125001,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -120.4541015625,\n 41.918628865183045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562b5a31e4b00162522207d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D. (compiler)","contributorId":99600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154754,"text":"70154754 - 2015 - Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T11:55:47","indexId":"70154754","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Many marine species have complex life histories that involve disparate developmental, foraging and reproductive habitats and a holistic assessment of the spatial requirements for different life stages is a challenge that greatly complicates their management. Here, we combined data from oceanographic modeling, nesting surveys, and satellite tracking to examine the spatial requirements of different life stages of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our findings indicate that after emerging from nesting beaches in Alabama and Northwest Florida, hatchlings disperse widely and the proportion of turtles following a given route varies substantially through time, with the majority (mean of 74.4%) projected to leave the Gulf of Mexico. Adult females use neritic habitat throughout the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico both during the inter-nesting phase and as post-nesting foraging areas. Movements and habitat use of juveniles and adult males represent a large gap in our knowledge, but given the hatchling dispersal predictions and tracks of post-nesting females it is likely that some Loggerhead Turtles remain in the Gulf of Mexico throughout their life. More than two-thirds of the Gulf provides potential habitat for at least one life-stage of Loggerhead Turtles. These results demonstrate the importance of the Gulf of Mexico to this Distinct Population Segment of Loggerhead Turtles. It also highlights the benefits of undertaking comprehensive studies of multiple life stages simultaneously: loss of individual habitats have the potential to affect several life stages thereby having long-term consequences to population recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Putman, N.F., Fujisaki, I., and Hart, K.M., 2015, Spatial requirements of different life-stages of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 26-43.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045262","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.48873901367188,\n 29.57942881484495\n ],\n [\n -85.48873901367188,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -84.78012084960938,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -84.78012084960938,\n 29.57942881484495\n ],\n [\n -85.48873901367188,\n 29.57942881484495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f37e4b0b6d21dd6cc05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":563965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147696,"text":"sim3329 - 2015 - Newberry Volcano's youngest lava flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T14:04:42","indexId":"sim3329","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-29T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3329","title":"Newberry Volcano's youngest lava flows","docAbstract":"Most of Newberry Volcano's youngest lava flows are found within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument in central Oregon. Established November 5, 1990, the monument is managed by the U.S. Forest Service as part of the Deschutes National Forest. Since 2011, a series of aerial surveys over the monument collected elevation data using lidar (light detection and ranging) technology, which uses lasers to directly measure the ground surface. These data record previously unseen detail in the volcano’s numerous lava flows and vents. On average, a laser return was collected from the ground’s surface every 2.17 feet (ft) with ±1.3 inches vertical precision.
\nThe central caldera is visible in the lower right corner of the center map, outlined by the black dashed line. The caldera collapsed about 75,000 years ago when massive explosions sent volcanic ash as far as the San Francisco Bay area and created a 3,000-ft-deep hole in the center of the volcano. The caldera is now partly refilled by Paulina and East Lakes, and the byproducts from younger eruptions, including Newberry Volcano’s youngest rhyolitic lavas, shown in red and orange. The majority of Newberry Volcano’s many lava flows and cinder cones are blanketed by as much as 5 feet of volcanic ash from the catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama that created Crater Lake caldera approximately 7,700 years ago. This ash supports abundant tree growth and obscures the youthful appearance of Newberry Volcano. Only the youngest volcanic vents and lava flows are well exposed and unmantled by volcanic ash. More than one hundred of these young volcanic vents and lava flows erupted 7,000 years ago during Newberry Volcano’s northwest rift zone eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3329","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Jensen, R.A., 2015, Newberry Volcano's youngest lava flows: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3329, Map: 38.18 x 27.17 inches; Map: print quality, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3329.","productDescription":"Map: 38.18 x 27.17 inches; Map: print quality","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065129","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3329.jpg"},{"id":300921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3329/"},{"id":300922,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3329/pdf/sim3329.pdf","text":"Map","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":300923,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3329/pdf/sim3329_high.pdf","text":"Map - print quality","size":"391 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map - print quality"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry National Volcanic Monument, Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.37386322021486,\n 43.901232067303724\n ],\n [\n -121.37386322021486,\n 43.92769546584876\n ],\n [\n -121.34287834167479,\n 43.92769546584876\n ],\n [\n -121.34287834167479,\n 43.901232067303724\n ],\n [\n -121.37386322021486,\n 43.901232067303724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.29738807678221,\n 43.80566817880233\n ],\n [\n -121.29738807678221,\n 43.823195560503564\n ],\n [\n -121.27730369567871,\n 43.823195560503564\n ],\n [\n -121.27730369567871,\n 43.80566817880233\n ],\n [\n -121.29738807678221,\n 43.80566817880233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.2491512298584,\n 43.71199853067152\n ],\n [\n -121.2491512298584,\n 43.73966213847872\n ],\n [\n -121.21859550476073,\n 43.73966213847872\n ],\n [\n -121.21859550476073,\n 43.71199853067152\n ],\n [\n -121.2491512298584,\n 43.71199853067152\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.27258300781251,\n 43.68183933676057\n ],\n [\n -121.27258300781251,\n 43.71032341785248\n ],\n [\n -121.22142791748047,\n 43.71032341785248\n ],\n [\n -121.22142791748047,\n 43.68183933676057\n ],\n [\n -121.27258300781251,\n 43.68183933676057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55697fa1e4b0d9246a9f646e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141032,"text":"fs20153001 - 2015 - Water resources of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T16:18:22","indexId":"fs20153001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-28T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3001","title":"Water resources of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L.B., 2015, Water resources of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3001, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153001.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057954","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153001.jpg"},{"id":300895,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3001/pdf/fs2015_3001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300896,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3001/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"East Baton Rouge Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20952606201172,\n 30.521751549864177\n ],\n [\n -91.2685775756836,\n 30.504892296693658\n ],\n [\n -91.28093719482422,\n 30.505188098260327\n ],\n [\n -91.2850570678711,\n 30.51406172686006\n ],\n [\n -91.24523162841797,\n 30.539790669306914\n ],\n [\n -91.24076843261719,\n 30.548661138504485\n ],\n [\n -91.25381469726562,\n 30.567286485662546\n ],\n [\n -91.2630844116211,\n 30.571424966203445\n ],\n [\n -91.2751007080078,\n 30.57319854666858\n ],\n [\n -91.29741668701172,\n 30.572016163295416\n ],\n [\n -91.31183624267578,\n 30.57556327017053\n ],\n [\n -91.31732940673828,\n 30.585612701737748\n ],\n [\n -91.3128662109375,\n 30.60275344537442\n ],\n [\n -91.29776000976562,\n 30.61870934285915\n ],\n [\n -91.29261016845703,\n 30.63377638729334\n ],\n [\n -91.29878997802733,\n 30.64854572202601\n ],\n [\n -91.28952026367188,\n 30.678668170187436\n ],\n [\n -91.26960754394531,\n 30.681620845933267\n ],\n [\n -91.26480102539062,\n 30.699630212804614\n ],\n [\n -91.25347137451172,\n 30.705534191799863\n ],\n [\n -90.84835052490234,\n 30.720292558597645\n ],\n [\n -90.84526062011719,\n 30.70937158441273\n ],\n [\n -90.85075378417969,\n 30.70022062696061\n ],\n [\n -90.87718963623047,\n 30.68870689937537\n ],\n [\n -90.87718963623047,\n 30.678963441824436\n ],\n [\n -90.89469909667969,\n 30.67453427248429\n ],\n [\n -90.9225082397461,\n 30.636730434653305\n ],\n [\n -90.93074798583984,\n 30.635844229916273\n ],\n [\n -90.9334945678711,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -90.9451675415039,\n 30.605708439543324\n ],\n [\n -90.95752716064453,\n 30.60600393400217\n ],\n [\n -90.96439361572266,\n 30.597138708114\n ],\n [\n -90.97126007080077,\n 30.596252140906962\n ],\n [\n -90.9836196899414,\n 30.585908257485578\n ],\n [\n -90.98705291748045,\n 30.572311760490074\n ],\n [\n -90.9719467163086,\n 30.56551279709529\n ],\n [\n -90.9726333618164,\n 30.541860517935326\n ],\n [\n -90.98430633544922,\n 30.53151083364524\n ],\n [\n -90.97709655761719,\n 30.525891971788326\n ],\n [\n -90.96817016601562,\n 30.504300690861097\n ],\n [\n -90.97606658935547,\n 30.49868025596334\n ],\n [\n -90.97091674804686,\n 30.490988608251694\n ],\n [\n -90.97537994384766,\n 30.46643043369801\n ],\n [\n -90.9891128540039,\n 30.465246750753185\n ],\n [\n -90.98155975341797,\n 30.452225289045764\n ],\n [\n -90.97297668457031,\n 30.438314078302344\n ],\n [\n -90.98018646240234,\n 30.422920638624273\n ],\n [\n -90.96199035644531,\n 30.417591574307398\n ],\n [\n -90.95890045166016,\n 30.40574816728145\n ],\n [\n -90.9719467163086,\n 30.403379313449484\n ],\n [\n -90.9609603881836,\n 30.387980362843983\n ],\n [\n -90.94928741455078,\n 30.393903323454275\n ],\n [\n -90.94310760498047,\n 30.390053439904577\n ],\n [\n -90.94276428222656,\n 30.376429556899954\n ],\n [\n -90.90328216552734,\n 30.359841397025537\n ],\n [\n -90.89710235595703,\n 30.34828726643185\n ],\n [\n -90.89195251464844,\n 30.34576887739082\n ],\n [\n -90.9005355834961,\n 30.34250968949341\n ],\n [\n -90.91701507568358,\n 30.341324503350883\n ],\n [\n -90.95666885375977,\n 30.3463614453484\n ],\n [\n -90.98516464233398,\n 30.34650958677721\n ],\n [\n -91.00593566894531,\n 30.340583754724722\n ],\n [\n -91.01142883300781,\n 30.337028083293944\n ],\n [\n -91.02584838867186,\n 30.320433242598465\n ],\n [\n -91.04593276977538,\n 30.316876839502203\n ],\n [\n -91.06807708740234,\n 30.321174143661388\n ],\n [\n -91.0740852355957,\n 30.320285061713502\n ],\n [\n -91.09125137329102,\n 30.319988699271207\n ],\n [\n -91.11820220947266,\n 30.314505832388893\n ],\n [\n -91.12592697143555,\n 30.312727539405042\n ],\n [\n -91.13330841064453,\n 30.313616689930676\n ],\n [\n -91.1370849609375,\n 30.315543155060265\n ],\n [\n -91.1454963684082,\n 30.331842497641368\n ],\n [\n -91.1509895324707,\n 30.337917013258718\n ],\n [\n -91.17124557495117,\n 30.34399115199148\n ],\n [\n -91.18721008300781,\n 30.346657727981775\n ],\n [\n -91.20523452758789,\n 30.345324449068144\n ],\n [\n -91.22274398803711,\n 30.34102820457309\n ],\n [\n -91.23321533203125,\n 30.34191709821593\n ],\n [\n -91.24282836914062,\n 30.358212050999125\n ],\n [\n -91.23407363891602,\n 30.375689074061068\n ],\n [\n -91.21450424194336,\n 30.3953840074964\n ],\n [\n -91.19991302490234,\n 30.41966402279108\n ],\n [\n -91.19613647460938,\n 30.44201406217004\n ],\n [\n -91.19785308837889,\n 30.50755447840281\n ],\n [\n -91.20162963867188,\n 30.518054595507746\n ],\n [\n -91.20952606201172,\n 30.521751549864177\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55682e26e4b0d9246a9f60ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B. lprakken@usgs.gov","contributorId":2319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence","email":"lprakken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146905,"text":"ofr20151071 - 2015 - Fundamentals of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR): a supporting document of the assessment methodology for hydrocarbon recovery using CO2-EOR associated with carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T10:52:22","indexId":"ofr20151071","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-28T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1071","title":"Fundamentals of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR): a supporting document of the assessment methodology for hydrocarbon recovery using CO2-EOR associated with carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"The objective of this report is to provide basic technical information regarding the CO2-EOR process, which is at the core of the assessment methodology, to estimate the technically recoverable oil within the fields of the identified sedimentary basins of the United States. Emphasis is on CO2-EOR because this is currently one technology being considered as an ultimate long-term geologic storage solution for CO2 owing to its economic profitability from incremental oil production offsetting the cost of carbon sequestration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151071","usgsCitation":"Verma, M., 2015, Fundamentals of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR): a supporting document of the assessment methodology for hydrocarbon recovery using CO2-EOR associated with carbon sequestration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1071, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151071.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058212","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151071.jpg"},{"id":300879,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1071/"},{"id":300882,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1071/pdf/ofr2015-1071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55682e21e4b0d9246a9f60e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verma, Mahendra K. mverma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Mahendra K.","email":"mverma@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148271,"text":"70148271 - 2015 - Depositional conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-PB-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, inferred from isotopic and chemical proxies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:29:28","indexId":"70148271","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-PB-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, inferred from isotopic and chemical proxies","docAbstract":"Water column redox conditions, degree of restriction of the depositional basin, and other paleoenvironmental parameters have been determined for the Mississippian Kuna Formation of northwestern Alaska from stratigraphic profiles of Mo, Fe/Al, and S isotopes in pyrite, C isotopes in organic matter, and N isotopes in bulk rock. This unit is important because it hosts the Red Dog and Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag ± barite deposits, which together constitute one of the largest zinc resources in the world. The isotopic and chemical proxies record a deep basin environment that became isolated from the open ocean, became increasingly reducing, and ultimately became euxinic. The basin was ventilated briefly and then became isolated again just prior to its demise as a discrete depocenter with the transition to the overlying Siksikpuk Formation. Ventilation corresponded approximately to the initiation of bedded barite deposition in the district, whereas the demise of the basin corresponded approximately to the formation of the massive sulfide deposits. The changes in basin circulation during deposition of the upper Kuna Formation may have had multiple immediate causes, but the underlying driver was probably extensional tectonic activity that also facilitated fluid flow beneath the basin floor. Although the formation of sediment-hosted sulfide deposits is generally favored by highly reducing conditions, the Zn-Pb deposits of the Red Dog district are not found in the major euxinic facies of the Kuna basin, nor did they form during the main period of euxinia. Rather, the deposits occur where strata were permeable to migrating fluids and where excess H2S was available beyond what was produced in situ by decomposition of local sedimentary organic matter. The known deposits formed mainly by replacement of calcareous strata that gained H2S from nearby highly carbonaceous beds (Anarraaq deposit) or by fracturing and vein formation in strata that produced excess H2S by reductive dissolution of preexisting barite (Red Dog deposits).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1143","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Dumoulin, J.A., Burruss, R.A., and Slack, J.F., 2015, Depositional conditions for the Kuna Formation, Red Dog Zn-PB-Ag-Barite District, Alaska, inferred from isotopic and chemical proxies: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 5, p. 1143-1156, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.5.1143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044384","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuna Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.201171875,\n 68.60852084639889\n ],\n [\n -162.20214843749997,\n 68.57644086491786\n ],\n [\n -162.20214843749997,\n 67.75939813204413\n ],\n [\n -164.443359375,\n 67.7094454829218\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 68.10610151896537\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 68.31814602144938\n ],\n [\n -166.201171875,\n 68.60852084639889\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566dca1e4b0d9246a9ec285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148054,"text":"sim3321 - 2015 - Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:35:32.779584","indexId":"sim3321","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3321","title":"Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a digital geologic strip map of the southern parts of the contiguous White Ledge Peak and Matilija 7.5’ quadrangles in coastal southern California. With a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map to 2,000 feet on the ground), the map depicts the distribution of bedrock units, surficial deposits, and associated deformation adjacent to and south of the Arroyo Parida fault and in the southern Ojai Valley east of the Ventura River. This new compilation, combined with a recently published geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3001), completes a 69-km-long east-west mapping transect from Goleta to Ojai by the U.S. Geological Survey. These two contiguous geologic maps provide new insights and constraints on Neogene-through-Quaternary tectonic deformation and consequent landscape change, including geohazards in the urbanized southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
\nA principal aim of the new mapping and associated fault-kinematic measurements is to document and constrain the nature of transpressional strain transfer between various regional, potentially seismogenic faults. In the accompanying pamphlet, surficial and bedrock map units are described in detail as well as a summary of the structural and fault-kinematic framework of the map area. New biostratigraphic and biochronologic data based on microfossil identifications are presented in expanded unit descriptions of the marine Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations. Site-specific fault kinematic observations are embedded in the digital map database. This compilation provides a uniform geologic digital geodatabase and map plot files that can be used for visualization, analysis, and interpretation of the area’s geology, geologic hazards, and natural resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3321","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2015, Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3321, Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3321.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046251","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3321.jpg"},{"id":399002,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101922.htm"},{"id":300812,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Associated database files. Refer to the ReadMe and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300811,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map_geo.pdf","text":"Map georeferenced","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map georeferenced","linkHelpText":"Contains: Georeferenced pdf for users' convenience; no hillshade included."},{"id":300810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":300813,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3001/","text":"Related report: SIM 3001","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},{"id":300809,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County, Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55658b1ae4b0d9246a9eb5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141461,"text":"sir20155015 - 2015 - Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:27:59","indexId":"sir20155015","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5015","title":"Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","docAbstract":"The South Platte River and underlying alluvial aquifer form an important hydrologic resource in northeastern Colorado that provides water to population centers along the Front Range and to agricultural communities across the rural plains. Water is regulated based on seniority of water rights and delivered using a network of administration structures that includes ditches, reservoirs, wells, impacted river sections, and engineered recharge areas. A recent addendum to Colorado water law enacted during 2002-2003 curtailed pumping from thousands of wells that lacked authorized augmentation plans. The restrictions in pumping were hypothesized to increase water storage in the aquifer, causing groundwater to rise near the land surface at some locations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Water Institute, completed an assessment of 60 years (yr) of historical groundwater-level records collected from 1953 to 2012 from 1,669 wells. Relations of \"high\" groundwater levels, defined as depth to water from 0 to 10 feet (ft) below land surface, were compared to precipitation, river discharge, and 36 geographic and administrative attributes to identify natural and human controls in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nAveraged per decade and over the entire aquifer, depths to groundwater varied between 24 and 32 ft over the 60-yr record. The shallowest average depth to water was identified during 1983-1992, which also recorded the highest levels of decadal precipitation. Average depth to water was greatest (32 ft) during 1953-1962 and intermediate (30 ft) in the recent decade (2003-2012) following curtailment of pumping. Between the decades 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels declined about 2 ft across the aquifer. In comparison, in areas where groundwater levels were within 20 ft of the land surface, observed groundwater levels rose about 0.6 ft, on average, during the same period, which demonstrated preferential rise in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nApproximately 29 percent of water-level observations were identified as high groundwater in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer over the 60-yr record. High groundwater levels were found in 17 to 33 percent of wells examined by decade, with the largest percentages occurring over three decades from 1963 to 1992. The recent decade (2003-2012) exhibited an intermediate percentage (25 percent) of wells with high groundwater levels but also had the highest percentage (30 percent) of high groundwater observations, although results by observations were similar (26-29 percent) over three decades prior, from 1963 to 1992. Major sections of the aquifer from north of Sterling to Julesburg and areas near Greeley, La Salle, and Gilcrest were identified with the highest frequencies of high groundwater levels.
\nChanges in groundwater levels were evaluated using Kendal line and least trimmed squares regression methods using a significance level of 0.01 and statistical power of 0.8. During 2003-2012, following curtailment of pumping, 88 percent of wells and 81 percent of subwatershed areas with significant trends in groundwater levels exhibited rising water levels. Over the complete 60-yr record, however, 66 percent of wells and 57 percent of subwatersheds with significant groundwater-level trends still showed declining water levels; rates of groundwater-level change were typically less than 0.125 ft/yr in areas near the South Platte River, with greater declines along the southern tributaries. In agreement, 58 percent of subwatersheds evaluated between 1963-1972 and 2003-2012 showed net declines in average decadal groundwater levels. More areas had groundwater decline in upgradient sections to the west and rise in downgradient sections to the east, implying a redistribution of water has occurred in some areas of the aquifer.
\nPrecipitation was identified as having the strongest statistically significant correlations to river discharge over annual and decadal periods (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively, and statistical significance defined by p-values less than 0.05). Correlation coefficients between river discharge and frequency of high groundwater levels were statistically significant at 0.4 annually and 0.6 over decadal periods, indicating that periods of high river flow were often coincident with high groundwater conditions. Over seasonal periods in five of the six decades examined, peak high groundwater levels occurred after spring runoff from July to September when administrative structures were most active. Between 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels rose while river discharge decreased, in part from greater reliance on surface water and curtailed pumping from wells without augmentation plans.
\nGeographic attributes of elevation and proximity to streams and rivers showed moderate correlations to high groundwater levels in wells used for observing groundwater levels (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.4). Local depressions and regional lows within the aquifer were identified as areas of potential shallow groundwater. Wells close to the river regularly indicated high groundwater levels, while those within depleted tributaries tended to have low frequencies of high groundwater levels. Some attributes of administrative structures were spatially correlated to high groundwater levels at moderate to high magnitudes (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.7). The number of affected river reaches or recharge areas that surround a well where groundwater levels were observed and its distance from the nearest well field showed the strongest controls on high groundwater levels. Influences of administrative structures on groundwater levels were in some cases local over a mile or less but could extend to several miles, often manifesting as diffuse effects from multiple surrounding structures.
\nA network of candidate monitoring wells was proposed to initiate a regional monitoring program. Consistent monitoring and analysis of groundwater levels will be needed for informed decisions to optimize beneficial use of water and to limit high groundwater levels in susceptible areas. Finalization of the network will require future field reconnaissance to assess local site conditions and discussions with State authorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Institute and Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., 2015, Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5015, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155015.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1953-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057966","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155015.jpg"},{"id":300708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/pdf/sir2015-5015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5015 Report"},{"id":300709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604523e4b0afeb70724143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan 0000-0003-3049-6214 twellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-6214","contributorId":2166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan","email":"twellman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148163,"text":"70148163 - 2015 - Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:31:13","indexId":"70148163","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","docAbstract":"Animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. We studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of Lyme disease in the eastern United States. Lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. This led us to hypothesize that there are behavior differences between northern and southern nymphs that alter how readily they are collected, and how likely they are to transmit the etiological agent of Lyme disease to humans. To examine this question, we compared the questing behavior of I. scapularis nymphs originating from one northern (Lyme disease endemic) and two southern (non-endemic) US regions at field sites in Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Florida. Laboratory-raised uninfected nymphs were monitored in circular 0.2 m2 arenas containing wooden dowels (mimicking stems of understory vegetation) for 10 (2011) and 19 (2012) weeks. The probability of observing nymphs questing on these stems (2011), and on stems, on top of leaf litter, and on arena walls (2012) was much greater for northern than for southern origin ticks in both years and at all field sites (19.5 times greater in 2011; 3.6-11.6 times greater in 2012). Our findings suggest that southern origin I. scapularis nymphs rarely emerge from the leaf litter, and consequently are unlikely to contact passing humans. We propose that this difference in questing behavior accounts for observed geographic differences in the efficacy of the standard sampling techniques used to collect questing nymphs. These findings also support our hypothesis that very low Lyme disease incidence in southern states is, in part, a consequence of the type of host-seeking behavior exhibited by southern populations of the key Lyme disease vector.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","usgsCitation":"Arsnoe, I.M., Hickling, G.J., Ginsberg, H.S., McElreath, R., and Tsao, J.I., 2015, Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064856","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659937e4b0d9246a9eb614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arsnoe, Isis M.","contributorId":140902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arsnoe","given":"Isis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickling, Graham J.","contributorId":140903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickling","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElreath, Richard","contributorId":140904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McElreath","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":140905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148087,"text":"ofr20151087 - 2015 - Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T10:04:39","indexId":"ofr20151087","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1087","title":"Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chronostratigraphic cross section presented herein is a contribution to the Western Interior Cretaceous (WIK) project of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program. It portrays the Cretaceous formations at 13 localities in a south-trending transect from northwestern Montana through western Wyoming, eastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona, to northwestern New Mexico. The localities are in the Rocky Mountains and on the Colorado Plateau and contain strata that were deposited along the western margin of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America. These strata are marine and nonmarine, mainly siliceous and calcareous, and of Aptian through Maastrichtian ages. They range in thickness from nearly 19,000 feet (ft) in southwestern Montana to about 1,500 ft thick in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
\nCretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, and eastern Utah disconformably overlie Jurassic rocks and locally include beds of either Aptian and Albian ages or Albian age. The Aptian beds consist of various lithologies of nonmarine origin. Albian beds consist of various nonmarine and marine lithologies. The Lower Cretaceous strata range in thickness from 4,300 ft in northern Utah to 180 ft in southern Utah and are absent at localities in Arizona and New Mexico.
\nUpper Cretaceous strata at most localities in the transect include beds of Cenomanian through Maastrichtian ages, although at five of the localities in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, younger strata are missing. Beds of Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian ages in the region are siliceous, calcareous, or bentonitic and were deposited in marine and nonmarine environments. In the following Maastrichtian, siliceous lithologies accumulated in nonmarine environments. Thicknesses of the Upper Cretaceous strata range from more than 17,000 ft in southwestern Montana to nearly 6,000 ft in northwestern New Mexico.
\nIn this transect for time-stratigraphic units of the Cretaceous, lateral changes in lithologies, regional differences in thicknesses, and the abundance of associated disconformities possibly reflect local and regional tectonic events. Examples of evidence of those events follow: (1) Disconformities and the absence of strata of lowest Cretaceous age in western Montana, western Wyoming, and northern Utah indicate significant tectonism and erosion probably during the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous; ( 2) stages of Upper Cretaceous deposition in the transect display major lateral changes in thickness, which probably reflect regional and local tectonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151087","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E.A., and McKinney, K.C., 2015, Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1087, Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055213","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151087.jpg"},{"id":300666,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"296 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/"},{"id":300665,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"493 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map","linkHelpText":"Tables 1 and 2 included on this plate"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ],\n [\n -113.367919921875,\n 48.87194147722911\n ],\n [\n -113.038330078125,\n 46.60794102560568\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 44.68818283842486\n ],\n [\n -110.72090148925781,\n 45.11981058437286\n ],\n [\n -110.49224853515625,\n 43.48281929474004\n ],\n [\n -110.40435791015625,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -111.32720947265624,\n 40.8595252289932\n ],\n [\n -110.76141357421875,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -109.11432266235352,\n 39.17997767829162\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 37.555465068186955\n ],\n [\n -110.07202148437499,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 36.81808022778526\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -108.402099609375,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -112.11891174316406,\n 37.575603207605845\n ],\n [\n -109.45678710937499,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -111.55929565429688,\n 40.95708558389897\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 41.86547012230937\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -112.64556884765624,\n 44.558184901080324\n ],\n [\n -113.28689575195312,\n 46.71256084516052\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555ef39de4b0a92fa7eb9662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E. Allen merewether@usgs.gov","contributorId":3586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.","email":"merewether@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Kevin C. kcmckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":3406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Kevin","email":"kcmckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147546,"text":"ofr20151088 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:21:42.044949","indexId":"ofr20151088","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1088","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 200 m) subsurface geology.
\nTomales Bay, approximately 20-km long and 1- to 2-km wide, formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault, which forms a right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. The fault juxtaposes Cretaceous granitic rock to the southwest (exposed on Tomales Point) with the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex to the northeast (exposed on the northeast coast of the Tomales Bay), and has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 30 mm/yr in this area. The destructive great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8, 4/18/1906) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault about 60 km to the south, offshore of San Francisco, with the rupture extending northward through Tomales Bay and for an additional about 230 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nThe northwest coast of Tomales Point is characterized by steep, high (as much as 100 m), barren, granitic cliffs and a rugged shoreline with a few small pocket beaches. There has been as much as 48 m of Tomales Point cliff retreat from 1929–30 to 2002. The granite is overlain by less resistant Tertiary sandstones at Kehoe Beach, the northern end of a continuous, wide, sandy beach backed by a large coastal dune field that extends for about 20 km south to Point Reyes Head. This long beach has a mixed history of accretion and retreat since the late 1800s.
\nTomales Point relief is asymmetrical so that most small coastal watersheds in the map area drain eastward from Inverness Ridge into Tomales Bay. Many of these steep drainages have small sandy beaches at their mouths. The east coast of Tomales Bay is characterized by more gentle, hummocky, hilly relief underlain by the landslide-prone Franciscan Complex. Keys Creek, the most prominent small watershed entering Tomales Bay from the east, has a small subaqueous delta at its mouth. Central Tomales Bay is relatively flat and underlain by fine sand and silt. The mouth of Tomales Bay is characterized by sand waves, dunes, and flats that have formed in response to strong tidal flow.
\nSand Point and Dillon Beach are located at the mouth of Tomales Bay and on the southeasternmost shores of Bodega Bay, respectively. The wide beach in this area is backed by an extensive (4.8 km2) sand-dune complex. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived from southward littoral drift. This sediment is trapped by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, which function as the south end of the Bodega Bay littoral cell.
\nThe continental shelf in California’s State Waters in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area extends to water depths of about 70 m (mean slope of about 0.7°) and is characterized by extensive, rugged, rocky seafloor. Granitic seafloor has a massive and fractured texture, whereas seafloor sedimentary rock outcrops commonly form distinctive “ribs” created by differential seafloor erosion of dipping beds of variable resistance. Direct sediment supply to this shelf is minimal because littoral drift is blocked to the north by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, and to the south by the Point Reyes headland.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area (and in the broader northern California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf can be more southerly during the spring and summer and more northerly during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the central California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes—the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March), with wave heights at offshore buoys ranging from 2 to 10 m and wave periods ranging from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3 to 3 m) and similarly long periods (range 10 to 25 s). Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, while local wind waves are most common from October to April. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short periods (3 to 10 s).
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment, to rocky continental-shelf substrate, to unconsolidated estuary sediments. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species. Dynamic bedforms, such as the sand waves at the mouth of Tomales Bay, are considered potential foraging habitat for juvenile lingcod and possibly migratory fishes, as well as for forage fish such as Pacific sand lance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151088","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Krigsman, L., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1088, Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151088.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055694","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151088.jpg"},{"id":399000,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101870.htm"},{"id":300622,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreTomalesPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreTomalesPoint.html","text":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","description":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300620,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, and Michael W. Manson"},{"id":300619,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":300621,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/ofr2015-1088_metadata.html"},{"id":300611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300613,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/"},{"id":300610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":300612,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":300614,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":300615,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300616,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":300617,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, Erik N. Lowe, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":300618,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Stephen R. Hartwell, and John L. Chin"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10N","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tomales Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.10592620640843\n ],\n [\n -122.9047393798828,\n 38.10592620640843\n ],\n [\n -122.9047393798828,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.25974980039479\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.10592620640843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555da21ae4b0a92fa7eb82b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547363,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547364,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":139705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. 0000-0002-3522-7526 shartwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-7526","contributorId":138973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan E.","contributorId":108043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, Erik N. eriklowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Erik","email":"eriklowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70148088,"text":"ofr20151041 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:49:45.086535","indexId":"ofr20151041","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1041","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area is located in northern California, about 30 km north of San Francisco and about 65 km south of Fort Ross. The map area is in the northern part of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, and it includes all or parts of four California Marine Protected Areas. The largely undeveloped onshore part of the map area, which occupies much of the southern and southeastern parts of the Point Reyes peninsula, is used primarily for grazing, as well as recreation, as it is home to the Point Reyes National Seashore. The triangular Point Reyes peninsula, which lies completely west of the San Andreas Fault Zone, is bounded by the steep terrain of Inverness Ridge along its northeastern margin, Tomales Point at its northernmost tip, Point Reyes at its southwesternmost point, and Bolinas at its southern end. The landscape in between includes (from southeast to northwest) the sandy beaches along Drakes Bay, the estuaries of Drakes Estero and Estero de Limantour, and the long, windswept Point Reyes Beach, which is backed by an extensive dune field.
\nThe seafloor in the map area generally extends from the shoreline to water depths of about 40 to 50 m, except for the area south of the Point Reyes headland where water depths reach 60 to 70 m. This bathymetric gradient south and west of the Point Reyes headland is related to north-side-up motion along the Point Reyes Fault Zone. Except for the bathymetric gradient across the Point Reyes Fault Zone, the bedrock platform in the nearshore and inner shelf areas (50 to 60 m depth) is relatively flat (less than 1.0°) and is overlain by sand-sized to coarser grained sediment. Finer grained sediments are found in water depths greater than 60 m south of the Point Reyes headland, but they also extend into shallower (less than 40 m) water within Drakes Bay. Surficial and shallow sediments were deposited in the last about 21,000 years during the approximately 125-m sea-level rise that followed the last major lowstand associated with the Last Glacial Maximum, at which time the entire Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area was emergent and the shoreline was about 30 km south and west of the present-day shoreline.
\nTectonic influences that impact the shelf morphology and geology in the map area are related to local faulting, folding, uplift, and subsidence. Offshore of the Point Reyes headland, granitic basement rocks are offset vertically about 1.4 km along the Point Reyes Fault Zone; this uplift, combined with west-side-up offset on the San Andreas Fault Zone, has resulted in uplift of the Point Reyes peninsula and the adjacent shelf. Late Pleistocene uplift of marine terraces on the southern Point Reyes peninsula suggests active deformation of offshore structures west of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Pervasive stratal thinning within inferred uppermost Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits above the west strand of the Point Reyes Fault Zone suggests Quaternary active shortening of the curvilinear, northeast- to north-dipping Point Reyes Fault Zone. Lack of clear deformation in the uppermost Pleistocene and Holocene deposits suggests that activity along the Point Reyes Fault Zone has ceased or slowed since about 21,000 years ago.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Drakes Bay and Vicinity map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment to hard substrate. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active.
\nSediment transport in the map area largely is controlled by surface waves and tidal currents in the nearshore and, at depths greater than 20 to 30 m, by tidal and subtidal currents. In the map area, nearshore littoral drift of sand and coarse sediment is to the south, owing to the dominant west-northwest swell direction, and scour from large waves and tidal currents removes and redistributes sediment over large areas of the inner shelf. Tidal currents are particularly strong over the shelf in the map area, and they dominate the current regime in the nearshore. Further offshore, bottom currents generally flow to the northwest, distributing finer grained sediment accordingly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151041","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Sliter, R.W., Krigsman, L., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Drakes Bay and vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1041, Pamphlet: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 50.50 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151041.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 36 p.; 10 Sheets: 50.50 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054993","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151041.jpg"},{"id":399003,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101862.htm"},{"id":300567,"rank":14,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/DrakesBay/data_catalog_DrakesBay.html","text":"Data Catalog - Drakes Bay and Vicinity, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300566,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/ofr2015-1041_metadata.html","text":"Metadata","description":"Metadata"},{"id":300565,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Michael W. Manson, and H. Gary Greene (50.5\" x 36\", 14 MB)"},{"id":300560,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane (46\" x 36\", 22 MB)"},{"id":300561,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman (47\" x 36\", 21.1 MB)"},{"id":300556,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 16.3 MB)"},{"id":300558,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 20.7 MB)"},{"id":300559,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell (46\" x 36\", 19.3 MB)"},{"id":300554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/"},{"id":300555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"906 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":300557,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek (39\" x 36\", 16.7 MB)"},{"id":300562,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, H. Gary Greene, Charles A. Endris, Mercedes D. Erdey, and Erik N. Lowe (46\" x 36\", 6.7 MB)"},{"id":300563,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area, California By Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, John L. Chin, and Ray W. Sliter (50\" x 36\", 29.2 MB)"},{"id":300564,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1041/pdf/ofr2015-1041_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Drakes Bay and Vicinity Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Salt Point to Drakes Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter (45.5\" x 36\", 7.4 MB)"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Drakes Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9656,\n 37.8786\n ],\n [\n -122.765,\n 37.8786\n ],\n [\n -122.765,\n 38.0378\n ],\n [\n -122.9656,\n 38.0378\n ],\n [\n -122.9656,\n 37.8786\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c509ae4b0a92fa7eacbb8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":146222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":140828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. shartwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":140829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dieter, Bryan E.","contributorId":108043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, Erik N. eriklowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":5288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Erik","email":"eriklowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70118125,"text":"ds69T - 2015 - Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T16:41:37.727086","indexId":"ds69T","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"T","title":"Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin","docAbstract":"In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin. For this assessment, the Michigan Basin includes most of the State of Michigan, as well as parts of Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The assessment was based on the geologic elements of each of the six total petroleum systems defined in the basin, including (1) hydrocarbon source rocks (source-rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation and migration), (2) reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical properties), and (3) hydrocarbon traps (trap formation and timing). Using this geologic framework, the USGS estimated mean technically recoverable undiscovered continuous and conventional resources that total 990 million barrels of oil, 11.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 219 million barrels of natural gas liquids.
\nDigital Data Series 69-T (DDS-69-T) is cataloged in the Pubs Warehouse as Data Series 69-T (DS-69-T).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69T","collaboration":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Basin Province Assessment Team, Swezey, C., Hatch, J.R., Hayba, D.O., Repetski, J.E., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Klett, T., Pollastro, R.M., Anderson, C.P., Schenk, C.J., East, J.A., and Le, P., 2015, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69T.","productDescription":"Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051493","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431358,"rank":11,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FWY4IK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment Units"},{"id":431357,"rank":10,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SA4WCO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Quarter-Mile Cells"},{"id":431356,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G68G8G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Total Petroleum Systems"},{"id":431355,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KPKOPB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Boundary"},{"id":300523,"rank":6,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter4.pdf","text":"Chapter 4","size":"362 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 4","linkHelpText":"- The GIS Project for the Petroleum Systems and Assessment of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"2.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 1","linkHelpText":"- Executive Summary—Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/OPEN_FIRST/OPEN_FIRST.pdf"},{"id":300505,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/"},{"id":300521,"rank":4,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter2.pdf","text":"Chapter 2","size":"186 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 2","linkHelpText":"- Total Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin—Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry and Assessment of Undiscovered Resources"},{"id":300522,"rank":5,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter3.pdf","text":"Chapter 3","size":"318 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 3","linkHelpText":"- Tabular Data and Graphical Images in Support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Assessment— Michigan Basin Province (5063)"},{"id":300525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69T.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Michigan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.9083251953125,\n 41.79179268262892\n ],\n [\n -83.0621337890625,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -83.1719970703125,\n 42.05745022024682\n ],\n [\n -83.0841064453125,\n 42.3179394544685\n ],\n [\n -82.825927734375,\n 42.386951440524854\n ],\n [\n -82.64465332031249,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -82.5787353515625,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -82.474365234375,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -82.4249267578125,\n 42.99661231842139\n ],\n [\n -82.12280273437499,\n 43.59232754538541\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 45.34828480683999\n ],\n [\n -83.6004638671875,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -83.4356689453125,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -83.5894775390625,\n 46.12274903582433\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 46.126556302418514\n ],\n [\n -83.94653320312499,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -84.122314453125,\n 46.24824991289166\n ],\n [\n -84.144287109375,\n 46.430285240839964\n ],\n [\n -84.1168212890625,\n 46.521075663842836\n ],\n [\n -84.210205078125,\n 46.53619267489863\n ],\n [\n -84.54803466796875,\n 46.4662412291809\n ],\n [\n -84.7650146484375,\n 46.638122462379656\n ],\n [\n -84.8638916015625,\n 46.897739085507\n ],\n [\n -88.385009765625,\n 48.30512072140391\n ],\n [\n -88.714599609375,\n 48.26125565204099\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 47.98256841921402\n ],\n [\n -90.626220703125,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 46.7774927637683\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -88.736572265625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 46.852678248531106\n ],\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -87.000732421875,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 46.48326472915561\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 46.437856895024225\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -85.15502929687499,\n 39.49556336059472\n ],\n [\n -83.485107421875,\n 40.6723059714534\n ],\n [\n -82.9083251953125,\n 41.79179268262892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Also available in DVD format; see Data Series 69-T for ordering information.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c509de4b0a92fa7eacbbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Basin Province Assessment Team","contributorId":140858,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Basin Province Assessment Team","id":547198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. cswezey@usgs.gov","contributorId":140832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayba, Daniel O. 0000-0003-4092-1894 dhayba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"Daniel","email":"dhayba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":140833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":140834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pollastro, Richard M.","contributorId":25100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher P.","contributorId":140859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"East, Joseph A. 0000-0003-4226-9174 jeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-9174","contributorId":2747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Joseph","email":"jeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X ple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":2151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","email":"ple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70145686,"text":"ofr20151068 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:08:37.146111","indexId":"ofr20151068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1068","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of San Francisco map area is centered on the City of San Francisco and the Golden Gate channel, a waterway that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay between the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula. The San Francisco Bay Area is the second-largest urban area on the U.S. West Coast with a combined population of over seven million. The bay supports several major cargo ports and the Port of San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf is a major center for Northern California’s commercial and sport fishing fleets. The coastal part of the map area predominantly consists of high bluffs and vertical sea cliffs shaped by uplift and erosion of the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula east of the San Andreas and San Gregorio Fault Zones.
\nThe seafloor in the map area extends from the shoreline and western end of the Golden Gate channel to water depths of about 30 to 50 m, except for the San Andreas graben area, where water depths reach 75 m. Sea-level rise, tidal currents, and tectonics have shaped bathymetry in the map area. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Sea level was about 125 m lower than present day and the shoreline was more than 45 km west of San Francisco near the Farallon Islands. At that time, the map area was part of a large alluvial plain connected to a drainage basin that included much of California’s Central Valley. A river system flowed westward through the narrows of the Golden Gate channel and an alluvial valley bounded to the north and south by bedrock highlands, including the present-day Pacifica-Pescadero and Bolinas shelves. Rising seas entered the Golden Gate about 11,000 to 10,000 years ago and subsequent marine flooding led to progressive growth of the San Francisco Bay. Strong tidal currents, accelerating through the relatively narrow Golden Gate, have scoured the bedrock channel to a depth of 113 m. East and west of the channel, tidal currents decelerate and form large fields of sand waves. Offshore of the Marin Headlands, eastward transfer of right-lateral fault slip in a complex of faults northwest of the map area has caused extension and the formation of a sediment basin called the San Andreas graben on the continental shelf. The accommodation space created by extension on the shelf and the proximity to sediment transported to the ocean through San Francisco Bay results in a sand-dominated offshore shelf environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of San Francisco map area comprise significant sand-dominated sediment habitat with sand wave and ripple bedforms indicative of high wave and current energy. North of the Golden Gate, biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. For the first time in 65 years, Pacific Harbor Porpoise returned to San Francisco Bay in 2009. On the coast north of the Golden Gate, the large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include painted greenling, kelp greenling, lingcod, and several varieties of rockfish.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the Offshore of San Francisco map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint offshore of central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface waters southeastward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. Ocean temperatures offshore of central California have increased over the past 50 years, driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151068","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Endris, C.A., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Kvitek, R.G., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., and Bruns, T.R., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1068, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151068.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052334","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300503,"rank":13,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151068.jpg"},{"id":398998,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101859.htm"},{"id":300502,"rank":15,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html","text":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","description":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300495,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 5","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":300493,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 3","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Mercedes D. Erdey, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":300492,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":300491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 1","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Rikk G. Kvitek, and Carrie K. Bretz"},{"id":300497,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 7","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, Bryan E. Dieter, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":300489,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/"},{"id":300498,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Ray W. Sliter, Terry R. Bruns, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. Chin"},{"id":300490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":300494,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 4","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":300499,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 9","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of San Francisco Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Bolinas to Pescadero) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Ray W. Sliter, Janet T. Watt, Eleyne L. Phillips, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. Chin"},{"id":300500,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By H. Gary Greene, Samuel Y. Johnson, Michael W. Manson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Charles A. Endris, and Terry R. Bruns"},{"id":300501,"rank":14,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/ofr2015-1068_metadata.html"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10N","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Golden Gate channel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44279861450195,\n 37.85740550611055\n ],\n [\n -122.44275569915771,\n 37.85625346137719\n ],\n [\n -122.44069576263428,\n 37.85516916753388\n ],\n [\n -122.43996620178221,\n 37.85560966383123\n ],\n [\n -122.43649005889891,\n 37.85401708785042\n ],\n [\n -122.43417263031006,\n 37.853712122567565\n ],\n [\n -122.43082523345947,\n 37.855575779594126\n ],\n [\n -122.42897987365723,\n 37.855575779594126\n ],\n [\n -122.42327213287354,\n 37.854593129942714\n ],\n [\n -122.4191951751709,\n 37.852627791344894\n ],\n [\n -122.41825103759764,\n 37.85333938550863\n ],\n [\n -122.41958141326906,\n 37.85415262757119\n ],\n [\n -122.41983890533447,\n 37.856693951195375\n ],\n [\n -122.42039680480957,\n 37.857337739271706\n ],\n [\n -122.41430282592772,\n 37.857337739271706\n ],\n [\n -122.41430282592772,\n 37.80910584425156\n ],\n [\n -122.42897987365723,\n 37.80835991742361\n ],\n [\n -122.44743347167969,\n 37.80761398306056\n ],\n [\n -122.46374130249023,\n 37.80503706092163\n ],\n [\n -122.46914863586426,\n 37.80693585437371\n ],\n [\n -122.47086524963377,\n 37.80883459900415\n ],\n [\n -122.47575759887695,\n 37.80917365540775\n ],\n [\n -122.4766159057617,\n 37.8110045330848\n ],\n [\n -122.47824668884277,\n 37.81114015184751\n ],\n [\n -122.47790336608885,\n 37.808292105520145\n ],\n [\n -122.47944831848146,\n 37.80334166837025\n ],\n [\n -122.48185157775877,\n 37.79818743602226\n ],\n [\n -122.48459815979002,\n 37.7926258872249\n ],\n [\n -122.4876880645752,\n 37.78937015219874\n ],\n [\n -122.48974800109862,\n 37.78923449345951\n ],\n [\n -122.49249458312987,\n 37.78794572301525\n ],\n [\n -122.49721527099611,\n 37.78726741375342\n ],\n [\n -122.4997043609619,\n 37.78848836594184\n ],\n [\n -122.50253677368164,\n 37.78801355359897\n ],\n [\n -122.50614166259766,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -122.51077651977538,\n 37.7846897817763\n ],\n [\n -122.51455307006836,\n 37.78116235022467\n ],\n [\n -122.51206398010254,\n 37.76454045578122\n ],\n [\n -122.50811576843262,\n 37.7357655734214\n ],\n [\n -122.50734329223633,\n 37.72673718477409\n ],\n [\n -122.5045108795166,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -122.49901771545409,\n 37.69319353339179\n ],\n [\n -122.55523681640625,\n 37.69332936825816\n ],\n [\n -122.60227203369139,\n 37.71505974167591\n ],\n [\n -122.60261535644531,\n 37.856829485994474\n ],\n [\n -122.57360458374023,\n 37.856422880849514\n ],\n [\n -122.57334709167479,\n 37.85581296892684\n ],\n [\n -122.56957054138185,\n 37.85398320288128\n ],\n [\n -122.56227493286131,\n 37.8523567060473\n ],\n [\n -122.55867004394531,\n 37.8467992377883\n ],\n [\n -122.55918502807617,\n 37.84517258247272\n ],\n [\n -122.5521469116211,\n 37.841919164198416\n ],\n [\n -122.54871368408203,\n 37.83459844833992\n ],\n [\n -122.5455379486084,\n 37.83412393242584\n ],\n [\n -122.54116058349608,\n 37.83175130707428\n ],\n [\n -122.53995895385744,\n 37.83202246811909\n ],\n [\n -122.53583908081053,\n 37.828971848906164\n ],\n [\n -122.53420829772949,\n 37.824836363718155\n ],\n [\n -122.53764152526855,\n 37.824022798368375\n ],\n [\n -122.53498077392578,\n 37.82375160792541\n ],\n [\n -122.53154754638672,\n 37.81995483709157\n ],\n [\n -122.52940177917479,\n 37.81554762603037\n ],\n [\n -122.5275993347168,\n 37.8156832364481\n ],\n [\n -122.52940177917479,\n 37.81907341592957\n ],\n [\n -122.52742767333983,\n 37.82131084909615\n ],\n [\n -122.52579689025879,\n 37.8211074488836\n ],\n [\n -122.52399444580077,\n 37.82497195707114\n ],\n [\n -122.51961708068848,\n 37.82524314302978\n ],\n [\n -122.51429557800294,\n 37.82517534663356\n ],\n [\n -122.50536918640137,\n 37.82320922404998\n ],\n [\n -122.50545501708984,\n 37.822124444341064\n ],\n [\n -122.49961853027342,\n 37.82022604148544\n ],\n [\n -122.49996185302734,\n 37.82198884575637\n ],\n [\n -122.49601364135742,\n 37.82253123860035\n ],\n [\n -122.49155044555664,\n 37.82659905787503\n ],\n [\n -122.48391151428221,\n 37.827005827470515\n ],\n [\n -122.48236656188965,\n 37.825921103566564\n ],\n [\n -122.47876167297362,\n 37.82598889927767\n ],\n [\n -122.47910499572754,\n 37.830666652929224\n ],\n [\n -122.47773170471191,\n 37.83364941345965\n ],\n [\n -122.47455596923828,\n 37.8338527791046\n ],\n [\n -122.47344017028807,\n 37.831954677951316\n ],\n [\n -122.47266769409178,\n 37.83412393242584\n ],\n [\n -122.47198104858397,\n 37.83649648147502\n ],\n [\n -122.47687339782715,\n 37.84293587282658\n ],\n [\n -122.47790336608885,\n 37.84700256717981\n ],\n [\n -122.47970581054688,\n 37.84754477614958\n ],\n [\n -122.47970581054688,\n 37.85039130783048\n ],\n [\n -122.4785041809082,\n 37.85249224882072\n ],\n [\n -122.47859001159667,\n 37.85743938950662\n ],\n [\n -122.44279861450195,\n 37.85740550611055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff1ee4b0a92fa7eac5c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547127,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A. 0000-0002-2442-8787 scochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-8787","contributorId":2062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","email":"scochran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547128,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":139705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R. shartwell@usgs.gov","contributorId":140827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","email":"shartwell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bruns, Terry R.","contributorId":29420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70138888,"text":"sir20145238 - 2015 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T09:11:07","indexId":"sir20145238","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5238","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide a statistically unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system. The depth of the primary aquifer system for the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was delineated by the depths of the screened or open intervals of wells in the State of California’s database of public-supply wells. Two types of assessments were made: a status assessment that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and an understanding assessment that made evaluations of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors representing characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize the quality of untreated groundwater, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.
\nThe status assessment was based on water-quality data collected in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey from 90 wells and springs (USGS-grid wells) and on water-quality data compiled from the State of California’s regulatory compliance database for samples collected from 240 public-supply wells between September 2007 and September 2010. To provide context, the water-quality data discussed in this report were compared to California and Federal drinking-water regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for treated drinking water. Groundwater quality is defined in terms of relative concentrations (RCs), which are calculated by dividing the concentration of a constituent in groundwater by the concentration of the benchmark for that constituent. The RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as “high” (the RC is greater than 1.0, indicating that the concentration is above the benchmark), “moderate” (the RC is from 1.0 to greater than 0.5), or “low” (the RC is less than or equal to 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based. For inorganic constituents, health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used. Constituents without benchmarks were not considered in the status assessment.
\nThe primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was the aquifer-scale proportion—the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system with high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The study unit was divided into six study areas on the basis of geologic differences (Eastside Sacramento Valley, Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin, Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau Low Use Basins, Quaternary Volcanic Areas, Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic Area, and Tertiary Volcanic Areas), and each study area was divided into equal-area grid cells. Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated for individual constituents and constituent classes for each of the six study areas and for the study unit as a whole by using grid-based (one well per cell) and spatially weighted (many wells per cell) statistical methods.
\nThe status assessment showed that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit than were organic constituents. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 9.4 percent, and at moderate RCs in 14.7 percent of the primary aquifer system. Arsenic was present at high RCs in approximately 3 percent of the primary aquifer system; boron, molybdenum, uranium, and vanadium each were present at high RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 15.1 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 4.9 percent. Manganese, iron, and total dissolved solids were present at high RCs in approximately 12 percent, 5 percent, and 2 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer system.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs in the primary aquifer system, and one or more organic constituents were detected at low RCs in approximately 40 percent of the primary aquifer system.
\nTwo classes of organic constituents were detected in more than 10 percent of the primary aquifer system: trihalomethanes (chloroform only) and herbicides. The special interest constituent perchlorate was not detected at high RCs, but was detected at moderate RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system.
\nThe understanding assessment relied on statistical tests to evaluate relations between concentrations of constituents and values of potential explanatory factors representing geology, land use, well construction, hydrologic conditions, groundwater age, and geochemical conditions.
\nThe majority of the high and moderate RCs of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, uranium, and total dissolved solids were in samples from the Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin study area. Groundwater mixing with hydrothermal fluids present in the study area, evaporative concentration of groundwater in the Honey Lake playa, presence of uranium-bearing sediment derived from the adjacent Sierra Nevada, and release of arsenic and other trace elements from sediments under high pH and low dissolved oxygen conditions all appeared to contribute to these elevated concentrations. Thermal springs are in many parts of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit and could account for locally elevated concentrations of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and total dissolved solids in samples from the other study areas. Vanadium concentrations were greater in oxic samples than in anoxic samples, but were not correlated with pH, contrary to expectations from previous studies.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs, and the occurrence of low organic constituents at low RCs ranged from 27 percent to 73 percent of the primary aquifers system in the six study areas. The Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area had significantly greater occurrence of low RCs of herbicides compared to all of the other study areas, which could reflect the greater prevalence of modern groundwater in the Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area and the presence of potential sources of herbicides, including applications to timberlands and roadside rights-of-way. The Eastside Sacramento Valley study area had the greatest occurrence of low concentrations of chloroform, and chloroform occurrence was most strongly associated with the combination of septic-tank density greater than two tanks per square kilometer and urban land use greater than 10 percent within a radius of 500 meters of the well. These conditions were most prevalent in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area. The detection frequency of low concentrations of perchlorate was consistent with the probability of occurrence expected under natural conditions, except in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area, where detection frequencies were much higher than expected and could not be explained by known anthropogenic sources of perchlorate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Shelton, J.L., 2015, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5238, xii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145238.","productDescription":"xii, 131 p.","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033356","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145238.jpg"},{"id":300457,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5238/pdf/sir2014-5238.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5238/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.99954223632812,\n 41.99522219923445\n ],\n [\n -122.57720947265624,\n 42.00695837037897\n ],\n [\n -122.50236511230467,\n 41.8322234439287\n ],\n [\n -122.66716003417969,\n 41.75543440328294\n ],\n [\n -122.66166687011719,\n 41.679066225164114\n ],\n [\n -122.55935668945312,\n 41.61492897332632\n ],\n [\n -122.60261535644531,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -122.57377624511719,\n 41.484405435611926\n ],\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 41.448902743309674\n ],\n [\n -122.45361328124999,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -122.09381103515624,\n 41.20552261955812\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 41.18278832811288\n ],\n [\n -121.805419921875,\n 41.135227480564936\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 41.11660732012894\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -122.11303710937499,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -122.2174072265625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -122.12677001953124,\n 40.214538129296336\n ],\n [\n -121.68182373046875,\n 39.67125632523974\n ],\n [\n -121.56921386718751,\n 39.69450749856091\n ],\n [\n -121.0748291015625,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -121.01303100585938,\n 40.287906612507406\n ],\n [\n -120.97183227539061,\n 40.29209669470104\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 40.27428705136608\n ],\n [\n -120.96908569335938,\n 40.395718433470364\n ],\n [\n -120.948486328125,\n 40.42499671108253\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 40.408267826445226\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 40.14633904771964\n ],\n [\n -120.24261474609374,\n 40.10538669840983\n ],\n [\n -120.00091552734375,\n 39.902362098539705\n ],\n [\n -119.99954223632812,\n 41.99522219923445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147454,"text":"sir20155068 - 2015 - Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T08:51:00","indexId":"sir20155068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5068","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents information used to characterize the groundwater-flow system in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, and includes descriptions of the geology and hydrogeologic framework; groundwater recharge and discharge; groundwater levels and flow directions; seasonal groundwater level fluctuations; interactions between aquifers and the surface-water system; and a water budget. The study area covers about 1,220 square miles in northern Pierce and southern King Counties, Washington; extends north to the Green River and Auburn Valley and southwest to the Puyallup River and adjacent uplands; and is bounded on the south and east by foothills of the Cascade Range and on the west by Puget Sound. The area is underlain by a northwest-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits, which overlie sedimentary and volcanic bedrock units that crop out in the foothills along the southern and eastern margin of the study area. Geologic units were grouped into 13 hydrogeologic units consisting of aquifers, confining units, and an underlying bedrock unit. A surficial hydrogeologic unit map was developed and used with well information from 1,012 drillers’ logs to construct 8 hydrogeologic sections, and unit extent and thickness maps.
\nGroundwater in unconsolidated glacial and interglacial aquifers generally flows to the northwest towards Puget Sound, and to the north and northeast towards the Puyallup River, White River, and Green River valleys. These generalized flow patterns are complicated by the presence of low permeability confining units and bedrock that separate discontinuous bodies of aquifer material and act as local groundwater-flow barriers. Water levels in wells completed in the unconsolidated hydrogeologic units show seasonal variations ranging from less than 1 to about 32 feet during the monitoring period (March 2011–March 2013).
\nSynoptic streamflow measurements made in October 2011 and October 2012 indicated a total groundwater discharge to streams in the water-budget area (520 square miles located within the larger study area) of at least 349,000 and 280,000 acre-feet per year, respectively. Annual groundwater discharge to streams likely exceeds these values because streamflow measurements were made during the dry, late-summer and early-autumn period when groundwater levels typically are at annual lows. Most stream reaches in the study area either gain flow from groundwater discharge or exhibit near-neutral conditions with no substantial gain or loss of flow. Groundwater discharge occurs at numerous springs in the area; the total reported discharge of springs in the area is approximately 80,300 acre-feet per year.
\nThe water-budget area received about 1,428,000 acre-feet or about 52 inches of precipitation per year (January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012). About 41 percent of precipitation enters the groundwater system as recharge. Seven percent of this recharge is withdrawn from wells and the remainder leaves the groundwater system as discharge to rivers, discharge to springs, or submarine discharge to Puget Sound, or exits the study area through subsurface flow in the Green River valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cities of Auburn, Milton, Puyallup, Sumner, and Tacoma; Pierce Conservation District; Washington State Department of Health; Cascade Water Alliance; Lakehaven Utility District; Summit Water & Supply Company; Mt. View-Edgewood Water Company; and The Russell Family Foundation","usgsCitation":"Welch, W.B., Johnson, K.H., Savoca, M.E., Lane, R., Fasser, E.T., Gendaszek, A.S., Marshall, C., Clothier, B.G., and Knoedler, E.N., 2015, Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5068, Report: vii, 53 p.; 4 Plates: 51.75 x 32.5 inches or smaller; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155068.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 53 p.; 4 Plates: 51.75 x 32.5 inches or smaller; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057926","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155068.jpg"},{"id":300443,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/"},{"id":300449,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300450,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300451,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300452,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"832 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300453,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300454,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/downloads/sir2015-5068_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"88 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix A"}],"projection":"State Plane Washington South","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County, Pierce County","otherGeospatial":"Puyallup River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48176574707031,\n 47.429945332976125\n ],\n [\n -122.49240875244139,\n 47.083682706950036\n ],\n [\n -122.35679626464844,\n 47.08274758442959\n ],\n [\n -122.35679626464844,\n 46.90618378014763\n ],\n [\n -121.97296142578124,\n 46.903369029728054\n ],\n [\n -121.97639465332031,\n 46.99570943771268\n ],\n [\n -121.46965026855469,\n 46.992431036151324\n ],\n [\n -121.46415710449219,\n 47.25686404408872\n ],\n [\n -121.84730529785155,\n 47.2573300771116\n ],\n [\n -121.84730529785155,\n 47.34719766914445\n ],\n [\n -122.09999084472658,\n 47.34766290653917\n ],\n [\n -122.10016250610352,\n 47.430525966793404\n ],\n [\n -122.48176574707031,\n 47.429945332976125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff20e4b0a92fa7eac5ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. 0000-0003-2724-0808 wwelch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-0808","contributorId":140515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Ron C. rclane@usgs.gov","contributorId":139708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Ron C.","email":"rclane@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fasser, Elisabeth T. 0000-0002-3945-6633 efasser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-6633","contributorId":3973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasser","given":"Elisabeth","email":"efasser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":140516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clothier, Burt G.","contributorId":140517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clothier","given":"Burt","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13522,"text":"Robinson & Noble","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knoedler, Eric N.","contributorId":140518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knoedler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70138807,"text":"sim3313 - 2015 - Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T16:15:34","indexId":"sim3313","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3313","title":"Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Sparta aquifer is used in 15 parishes in north-central Louisiana, primarily for public supply and industrial purposes. Of those parishes, eight (Bienville, Claiborne, Jackson, Lincoln, Ouachita, Union, Webster, and Winn) rely on the Sparta aquifer as their principal source of groundwater. In 2010, withdrawals from the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana totaled 63.11 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), a reduction of more than 11 percent from 1995, when the highest rate of withdrawals (71.32 Mgal/d) from the Sparta aquifer were documented. The Sparta aquifer provides water for a variety of purposes which include public supply (34.61 Mgal/d), industrial (25.60 Mgal/d), rural domestic (1.50 Mgal/d), and various agricultural (1.40 Mgal/d). Of the 13 major aquifers or aquifer systems in Louisiana, the Sparta aquifer is currently (2012) the sixth most heavily pumped. The Sparta aquifer is the second most heavily pumped aquifer in Arkansas, which borders Louisiana to the north. In 2005, 170 Mgal/d were withdrawn from the Sparta aquifer in eastern and southern Arkansas; of that total, about 15.55 Mgal/d were withdrawn from the aquifer in Union County, which borders Claiborne and Union Parishes to the north. By 1997, a large cone of depression (a cone-shaped depression in the potentiometric surface caused by and centered on a pumping well or wells) in the Sparta aquifer centered over Union County had merged with the cone of depression at West Monroe. In 2004, the rate of withdrawal from the Sparta aquifer in Union County began to decline and water levels in the aquifer began to rise in nearby areas of Arkansas and Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"McGee, B.D., and Brantly, J.A., 2015, Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3313, 2 Sheets: 44.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3313.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 44.00 x 34.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048894","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3313.jpg"},{"id":300438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3313/pdf/sim3313_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"387 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":300439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3313/"},{"id":300440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3313/pdf/sim3313_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"545 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Sparta Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.93838636388491\n ],\n [\n -93.79371643066405,\n 32.883623659494546\n ],\n [\n -93.61930847167969,\n 32.76995522487643\n ],\n [\n -93.53897094726562,\n 32.7537875018279\n ],\n [\n -93.40988159179688,\n 32.582113597618104\n ],\n [\n -93.24371337890625,\n 32.40373352326638\n ],\n [\n -93.021240234375,\n 32.14887379537526\n ],\n [\n -92.98210144042969,\n 31.995265407619225\n ],\n [\n -92.99171447753906,\n 31.907873056360206\n ],\n [\n -93.41743469238281,\n 31.529385064020936\n ],\n [\n -93.64540100097655,\n 31.401707486501042\n ],\n [\n -93.62686157226562,\n 31.38177878211098\n ],\n [\n -93.61175537109375,\n 31.38119257971946\n ],\n [\n -93.64059448242188,\n 31.357741484720663\n ],\n [\n -93.62205505371092,\n 31.342495135379345\n ],\n [\n -93.61175537109375,\n 31.334284539022573\n ],\n [\n -93.59390258789062,\n 31.335457525223454\n ],\n [\n -93.48129272460936,\n 31.393502061653894\n ],\n [\n -93.3782958984375,\n 31.35891417844524\n ],\n [\n -93.21487426757812,\n 31.464982360950497\n ],\n [\n -93.15170288085938,\n 31.542260280436302\n ],\n [\n -93.09608459472656,\n 31.645782601962395\n ],\n [\n -93.02879333496094,\n 31.76495361511195\n ],\n [\n -92.94296264648438,\n 31.810478512778403\n ],\n [\n -92.90863037109375,\n 31.797056835116557\n ],\n [\n -92.89695739746092,\n 31.77312640114433\n ],\n [\n -92.87910461425781,\n 31.77020763186669\n ],\n [\n -92.43553161621094,\n 31.927106505829546\n ],\n [\n -92.41561889648438,\n 31.986529914420498\n ],\n [\n -92.38059997558594,\n 32.001088607540446\n ],\n [\n -92.33184814453125,\n 31.994100723260804\n ],\n [\n -92.29202270507812,\n 31.978376036900755\n ],\n [\n -92.18696594238281,\n 32.001088607540446\n ],\n [\n -92.16773986816406,\n 32.02030254326629\n ],\n [\n -92.14370727539062,\n 32.06511939104014\n ],\n [\n -92.13958740234375,\n 32.085483430290545\n ],\n [\n -92.13340759277342,\n 32.10409801044057\n ],\n [\n -92.08465576171875,\n 32.108751062791974\n ],\n [\n -92.08396911621094,\n 32.127942397192314\n ],\n [\n -92.07847595214842,\n 32.187816659526\n ],\n [\n -92.06748962402344,\n 32.256942772945905\n ],\n [\n -92.05101013183594,\n 32.281327670564266\n ],\n [\n -92.00912475585938,\n 32.31092909162695\n ],\n [\n -91.80244445800781,\n 32.41648668224032\n ],\n [\n -91.73652648925781,\n 32.46342595776104\n ],\n [\n -91.68914794921874,\n 32.52886829167833\n ],\n [\n -91.69464111328125,\n 32.60583230501211\n ],\n [\n -91.69601440429686,\n 32.63185780462336\n ],\n [\n -91.71592712402344,\n 32.7301080399442\n ],\n [\n -91.75163269042969,\n 32.8092074693633\n ],\n [\n -91.76811218261719,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -91.77360534667969,\n 32.91129747043409\n ],\n [\n -91.79489135742188,\n 32.972955875537714\n ],\n [\n -91.80038452148438,\n 33.006936039186705\n ],\n [\n -94.04228210449219,\n 33.019027516378955\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 32.93838636388491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55570a9fe4b0a92fa7e9cffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Benton D. bdmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Benton","email":"bdmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantly, Jeffrey A. jbrantly@usgs.gov","contributorId":5405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantly","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbrantly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147397,"text":"ofr20151055 - 2015 - Effects of proposed sediment borrow pits on nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:21:55","indexId":"ofr20151055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1055","title":"Effects of proposed sediment borrow pits on nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana","docAbstract":"As part of a plan to preserve bird habitat on Breton Island, the southernmost extent of the Chandeleur Islands and part of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge in Louisiana, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to increase island elevation with sand supplied from offshore resources. Proposed sand extraction sites include areas offshore where the seafloor morphology suggests suitable quantities of sediment may be found. Two proposed locations east and south of the island, between 5.5–9 kilometers from the island in 3–6 meters of water, have been identified. Borrow pits are perturbations to shallow-water bathymetry and thus can affect the wave field in a variety of ways, including alterations in sediment transport and new erosional or accretional patterns along the beach. A scenario-based numerical modeling strategy was used to assess the effects of the proposed offshore borrow pits on the nearshore wave field. Effects were assessed over a range of wave conditions and were gaged by changes in significant wave height and wave direction inshore of the borrow sites, as well as by changes in the calculated longshore sediment transport rate. The change in magnitude of the calculated sediment transport rate with the addition of the two borrow pits was an order of magnitude less than the calculated baseline transport rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dalyander, P.S., Mickey, R.C., Long, J.W., and Flocks, James, 2017, Effects of proposed borrow pits on the nearshore wave climate and longshore sediment transport rate along Breton Island, Louisiana (ver. 2.0, August 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1055, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151055.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; HTML Document; Downloads Directory; Data Release; Version History","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059343","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345194,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/VersionHist.txt","size":"1.18 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":300407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/pdf/ofr20151055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/ofr2015-1055_abstract.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299991,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/index.html","text":"Index page"},{"id":300409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1055/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":345198,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7ZC81B1","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wave Scenario Results of Proposed Sediment Borrow Pit 3 on the Nearshore Wave Climate of Breton Island, LA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.453350219723674\n ],\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.51013490234384\n ],\n [\n -89.10873413085938,\n 29.51013490234384\n ],\n [\n -89.10873413085938,\n 29.453350219723674\n ],\n [\n -89.23301696777342,\n 29.453350219723674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: May 2015; Version 2.0: August 2017","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Most models evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate change estimate projected increases in temperature and precipitation with rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Researchers have suggested that increases in CO2 and associated increases in temperature and precipitation may stimulate vegetation growth and increase evapotranspiration (ET), which acts as a cooling mechanism, and on a global scale, may slow the climate-warming trend. This hypothesis has been modeled under increased CO2 conditions with models of different vegetation-climate dynamics. The significance of this vegetation negative feedback, however, has varied between models. Here we conduct a century-scale observational analysis of the Eastern US water balance to determine historical evapotranspiration trends and whether vegetation greening has affected these trends. We show that precipitation has increased significantly over the twentieth century while runoff has not. We also show that ET has increased and vegetation growth is partially responsible.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.3390/hydrology2020093","usgsCitation":"Kramer, R.J., Bounoua, L., Zhang, P., Wolfe, R.E., Huntington, T.G., Imhoff, M.L., Thome, K., and Noyce, G.L., 2015, Evapotranspiration trends over the eastern United States during the 20th century: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 2, no. 2, p. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology2020093.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056810","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology2020093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555b0d43e4b0a92fa7eac61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Ryan J.","contributorId":140788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bounoua, Lahouari","contributorId":140790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bounoua","given":"Lahouari","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Ping","contributorId":140789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Ping","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, Robert E.","contributorId":56560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Imhoff, Marc L.","contributorId":140791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Imhoff","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13566,"text":"Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thome, Kurt","contributorId":140792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thome","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Noyce, Genevieve L.","contributorId":140793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noyce","given":"Genevieve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13567,"text":"Goddard Space Flight Center, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148404,"text":"70148404 - 2015 - Mesozoic magmatism and timing of epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Pb isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T09:28:24","indexId":"70148404","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesozoic magmatism and timing of epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Pb isotopes","docAbstract":"The Mesozoic magmatic history of the North American margin records the evolution from a more segmented assemblage of parautochthonous and allochthonous terranes to the more cohesive northern Cordilleran orogenic belt. We characterize the setting of magmatism, tectonism, and epigenetic mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska, where parautochthonous and allochthonous Paleozoic tectonic assemblages are juxtaposed, using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and feldspar Pb isotopes of Mesozoic intrusions and spatially associated mineral prospects. New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and published U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate four episodes of plutonism in the western Fortymile district: Late Triassic (216-208 Ma), Early Jurassic (199-181 Ma), mid-Cretaceous (112-94 Ma), and Late Cretaceous (70-66 Ma). All age groups have calc-alkalic arc compositions that became more evolved through time. Pb isotope compositions of feldspars from Late Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Late Cretaceous igneous rocks similarly became more radiogenic with time and are consistent with the magmas being mantle derived but extensively contaminated by upper crustal components with evolving Pb isotopic compositions. Feldspar Pb isotopes from mid-Cretaceous rocks have isotopic ratios that indicate magma derivation from upper crustal sources, probably thickened mid-Paleozoic basement. The origin of the mantle component in Late Cretaceous granitoids suggested by Pb isotopic ratios is uncertain, but we propose that it reflects asthenospheric upwelling following slab breakoff and sinking of an inactive inner subduction zone that delivered the previously accreted Wrangellia composite terrane to the North American continental margin, after the outer Farallon subduction zone was established.
\nEpigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag ± Cu prospects in the western Fortymile district are spatially associated with splays of the northeast-trending Kechumstuk sinistral-normal fault zone and with ca. 68-66 Ma felsic intrusions and dikes. The similarity between Pb isotope compositions of feldspars from the Late Cretaceous igneous bodies and sulfides from the epithermal prospects suggests a Late Cretaceous age for most of the mineralization. Fluid flow along the faults undoubtedly played a major role in mineralization. We interpret displacement on the northeast-trending faults to be a far-field effect of dextral translation along Late Cretaceous plate-scale boundaries and faults that were roughly parallel to the subsequently developed Denali and Tintina fault systems, which currently bound the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01092.1","usgsCitation":"Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinkoff, J., Day, W.C., and Mortensen, J., 2015, Mesozoic magmatism and timing of epigenetic Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the western Fortymile mining district, east-central Alaska: Zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Pb isotopes: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 3, p. 786-822, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01092.1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"786","endPage":"822","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049164","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01092.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3c5e4b0d9246a9fa7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinkoff, J.N.","contributorId":141027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aleinkoff","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mortensen, J.K.","contributorId":16597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140149,"text":"ofr20151014 - 2015 - Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T08:36:23","indexId":"ofr20151014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-12T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1014","title":"Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, the Mississippi Barrier Islands have been the focus of a comprehensive geologic investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Park Service (NPS). The islands (Dauphin, Petite Bois, Horn, East Ship, West Ship, and Cat) are part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS), and provide a diverse ecological habitat, protect the mainland from storm waves, and help maintain estuarine conditions within Mississippi Sound. Over the past century, the islands have been in a state of decline with respect to elevation and land-area loss. In 2005, the islands were severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina, which inundated them with a storm surge of 8 meters, causing severe shoreface erosion and widening breaches in Dauphin, West Ship, and Cat Islands. To evaluate the impact and fate of the islands, understanding their evolution and resiliency became a priority for the USGS under the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. The project formed the basis for collaboration with the USACE Mississippi Coastal Improvement Project, which is intended to restore portions of coastal Mississippi and GUIS affected by storm impact. Since then, many studies have contributed to our understanding of the islands’ morphology and nearshore stratigraphy. This report expands upon the nearshore component to provide a stratigraphic and morphologic assessment offshore of Petit Bois Island.
\nIn June 2013, as part of the MsCIP project, the USGS conducted a geophysical survey consisting of about 650 line-kilometers (km), encompassing an area of approximately 212 square kilometers (km2). The survey area extended from 1 to 13 km offshore of Petite Bois Island. The geophysical investigation included interferometric swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and chirp subbottom profiling. The intent of the survey was to provide geologic information that would assist the USACE in developing a sediment sampling strategy for identifying deposits suitable for shoreline restoration operations. The data from the geophysical survey would also further our understanding of the geologic framework along the inner shelf. Numerous seafloor and subbottom features were identified. At the surface, shoals and shelf sand sheets of various sizes and orientations are the predominant morphology. In the subsurface, Holocene- and Pleistocene-age features include marine transgressive deposits infilling older fluvia distributary systems. These interpretations from the geophysical research were integrated with sediment cores collected by the USGS and USACE to provide textural and volumetric information.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J., Kelso, K.W., Bernier, J., DeWitt, N.T., and FitzHarris, M., 2015, Near-surface stratigraphy and morphology, Mississippi Inner Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1014, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151014.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057521","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151014.jpg"},{"id":300315,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1014/"},{"id":300325,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1014/pdf/ofr2015-1014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi-Alabama shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.52130889892578,\n 30.188760426055236\n ],\n [\n -88.49693298339844,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.47015380859375,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.44131469726562,\n 30.19054096442319\n ],\n [\n -88.41522216796875,\n 30.19054096442319\n ],\n [\n -88.38912963867188,\n 30.190244210264005\n ],\n [\n -88.38397979736328,\n 30.18994745521063\n ],\n [\n -88.3795166015625,\n 30.16798510022147\n ],\n [\n -88.35445404052734,\n 30.166797806444716\n ],\n [\n -88.33831787109375,\n 30.12315484326409\n ],\n [\n -88.33831787109375,\n 30.115433670851925\n ],\n [\n -88.45813751220703,\n 30.112166839280544\n ],\n [\n -88.49796295166016,\n 30.1130578040595\n ],\n [\n -88.52027893066406,\n 30.13414162471859\n ],\n [\n -88.53710174560547,\n 30.16353267482236\n ],\n [\n -88.52130889892578,\n 30.188760426055236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55531622e4b0a92fa7e94c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":139030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle W. 0000-0003-0615-242X kkelso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-242X","contributorId":4307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","email":"kkelso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"FitzHarris, Michael","contributorId":139031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"FitzHarris","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}