The Neosho madtom, Noturus placidus, is a small (less than 75 millimeters in total length) ictalurid that is native to the main stems of the Neosho and Cottonwood Rivers in Kansas and Oklahoma and the Spring River in Kansas and Missouri. The Neosho madtom was federally listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in May 1990. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been monitoring Neosho madtoms since 1991, and questioned whether or not Neosho madtom densities were affected by other catfish species, reservoirs, and hydrologic characteristics. Using the first 8 years of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service monitoring data, Wildhaber and others (2000) analyzed whether or not Neosho madtom densities were related to these environmental characteristics. The goal of this report is to update these results with data from 1999 to 2008. The trends of Neosho madtom densities in respect to John Redmond Reservoir and other catfish species remains consistent with the previous report. In both the Neosho and Spring Rivers, Neosho madtoms had a significant positive association with all catfish species. Of those species tested, only in the population of Neosho madtoms were significantly different in density above verses below the John Redmond Reservoir after accounting for the yearly variation. The average density of Neosho madtoms at the streamgage immediately below the reservoir had the second lowest density compared to the other streamgages. The positive associations with Neosho madtoms that remained consistent from the previous report included the 1-, 3-, and 7-day minima discharges and the annual minimum discharge from the previous water year (water year prior to when the fish were sampled) and the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 30-day minima discharges from the current water year (same water year fish were sampled).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., Leeds, W.B., and Dey, R., 2010, Neosho madtom and other ictalurid populations in relation to hydrologic characteristics of an impounded Midwestern warmwater stream: Update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1109, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101109.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1109.jpg"},{"id":341600,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1109/pdf/OFR2010-1109.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1109/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93391.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.8333,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -96.8333,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -96.8333,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leeds, William B.","contributorId":45563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dey, Rima","contributorId":81210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dey","given":"Rima","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98487,"text":"ofr20101127 - 2010 - A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:22:25","indexId":"ofr20101127","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1127","title":"A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage","docAbstract":"In 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110-140) authorized the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. The first year of that activity was specified for development of a methodology to estimate storage potential that could be applied uniformly to geologic formations across the United States. After its release, the methodology was to receive public comment and external expert review. An initial methodology was developed and published in March 2009 (Burruss and others, 2009), and public comments were received. The report was then sent to a panel of experts for external review. The external review report was received by the USGS in December 2009. This report is in response to those external comments and reviews and describes how the previous assessment methodology (Burruss and others, 2009) was revised. The resource that is assessed is the technically accessible storage resource, which is defined as the mass of CO2 that can be stored in the pore volume of a storage formation. The methodology that is presented in this report is intended to be used for assessments at scales ranging from regional to subbasinal in which storage assessment units are defined on the basis of common geologic and hydrologic characteristics. The methodology does not apply to site-specific evaluation of storage resources or capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101127","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.T., Burruss, R.A., Merrill, M., Freeman, P., and Ruppert, L.F., 2010, A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1127, viii, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101127.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1127.jpg"},{"id":13873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,42 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -106.5,44 ], [ -106.5,42 ], [ -110,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98486,"text":"ofr20101083B - 2010 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010, Aleutian arc and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T18:55:10.981819","indexId":"ofr20101083B","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"B","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010, Aleutian arc and vicinity","docAbstract":"This map shows details of the Aleutian arc not visible in an earlier publication. The Aleutian arc extends about 3,000 km from the Gulf of Alaska to the Kamchatka Peninsula. It marks the region where the Pacific plate subducts into the mantle beneath the North America plate. This subduction is responsible for the generation of the Aleutian Islands and the deep offshore Aleutian Trench. Relative to a fixed North America plate, the Pacific plate is moving northwest at a rate that increases from about 55 mm per year at the arc's eastern edge to 75 mm per year near its western terminus. In the east, the convergence of the plates is nearly perpendicular to the plate boundary. However, because of the boundary's curvature, as one travels westward along the arc, the subduction becomes more and more oblique to the boundary until the relative plate motion becomes parallel to the arc at the Near Islands near its western edge. Subduction zones such as the Aleutian arc are geologically complex and produce numerous earthquakes from multiple sources. Deformation of the overriding North America plate generates shallow crustal earthquakes, whereas slip at the interface of the plates generates interplate earthquakes that extend from near the base of the trench to depths of 40 to 60 km. At greater depths, Aleutian arc earthquakes occur within the subducting Pacific plate and can reach depths of 300 km. Since 1900, six great earthquakes have occurred along the Aleutian Trench, Alaska Peninsula, and Gulf of Alaska: M8.4 1906 Rat Islands; M8.6 1938 Shumagin Islands; M8.6 1946 Unimak Island; M8.6 1957 Andreanof Islands; M9.2 1964 Prince William Sound; and M8.7 1965 Rat Islands. Several relevant tectonic elements (plate boundaries and active volcanoes) provide a context for the seismicity presented on the main map panel. The plate boundaries are most accurate along the axis of the Aleutian Trench and more diffuse or speculative in extreme northeastern Russia. The active volcanoes parallel the Aleutian Trench from the Gulf of Alaska to the Rat Islands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083B","collaboration":"Pennsylvania State University, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas)","usgsCitation":"Benz, H.M., Herman, M., Tarr, A.C., Hayes, G., Furlong, K.P., Villaseñor, A., Dart, R.L., and Rhea, S., 2010, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2010, Aleutian arc and vicinity (Revised September 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Plate: 35.37 inches x 23.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.37 inches x 23.89 inches","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1083_B.png"},{"id":420199,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93344.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n 62\n ],\n [\n 151.23739492960942,\n 62\n ],\n [\n 151.23739492960942,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised September 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Matthew","contributorId":68426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C. atarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur","email":"atarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":100969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rhea, Susan","contributorId":81110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":98479,"text":"ofr20101133 - 2010 - Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage along the Colorado River in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20101133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1133","title":"Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage along the Colorado River in Arizona","docAbstract":"This report describes numerical modeling simulations of sand transport and sand budgets for reaches of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. Two hypothetical Water Year 2011 annual release volumes were each evaluated with six hypothetical operational scenarios. The six operational scenarios include the current operation, scenarios with modifications to the monthly distribution of releases, and scenarios with modifications to daily flow fluctuations. Uncertainties in model predictions were evaluated by conducting simulations with error estimates for tributary inputs and mainstem transport rates. The modeling results illustrate the dependence of sand transport rates and sand budgets on the annual release volumes as well as the within year operating rules. The six operational scenarios were ranked with respect to the predicted annual sand budgets for Marble Canyon and eastern Grand Canyon reaches. While the actual WY 2011 annual release volume and levels of tributary inputs are unknown, the hypothetical conditions simulated and reported herein provide reasonable comparisons between the operational scenarios, in a relative sense, that may be used by decision makers within the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101133","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Grams, P.E., 2010, Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage along the Colorado River in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1133, vi, 18 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101133.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13804,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98484,"text":"ofr20101104 - 2010 - Karst map of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T15:45:19","indexId":"ofr20101104","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1104","title":"Karst map of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"This map is a digital compilation, combining the mapping of earlier geologists. Their work, cited on the map, contains more detailed descriptions of karst areas and landforms in Puerto Rico. This map is the basis for the Puerto Rico part of a new national karst map currently being compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, this product is a standalone, citable source of digital karst data for Puerto Rico. Nearly 25 percent of the United States is underlain by karst terrain, and a large part of that area is undergoing urban and industrial development. Accurate delineations of karstic rocks are needed at scales suitable for national, State, and local maps. The data on this map contribute to a better understanding of subsidence hazards, groundwater contamination potential, and cave resources as well as serve as a guide to topical research on karst. 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1231","title":"Integrated Multibeam and LIDAR Bathymetry Data Offshore of New London and Niantic, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Nearshore areas within Long Island Sound are of great interest to the Connecticut and New York research and resource management communities because of their ecological, recreational, and commercial importance. Although advances in multibeam echosounder technology permit the construction of high-resolution representations of sea-floor topography in deeper waters, limitations inherent in collecting fixed-angle multibeam data make using this technology in shallower waters (less than 10 meters deep) difficult and expensive. These limitations have often resulted in data gaps between areas for which multibeam bathymetric datasets are available and the adjacent shoreline. \r\n\r\nTo address this problem, the geospatial data sets released in this report seamlessly integrate complete-coverage multibeam bathymetric data acquired off New London and Niantic Bay, Connecticut, with hydrographic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data acquired along the nearshore. The result is a more continuous sea floor representation and a much smaller gap between the digital bathymetric data and the shoreline than previously available. 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From April 24 to May 2, 2010, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Chilean scientists examined the geological impacts of the tsunami at five sites along a 200-km segment of coast centered on the earthquake epicenter. Significant observations include: (1) substantial tsunami-induced erosion and deposition (+/- 1 m) on the coastal plain; (2) erosion from return flow, inundation scour around the bases of trees, and widespread planation of the land surface; (3) tsunami sand deposits at all sites that extended to near the limit of inundation except at one site; (4) evidence of multiple strong onshore waves that arrived at different times and from different directions; (5) vegetation height and density controlled the thickness of tsunami deposits at one site, (6) the abundance of layers of plane-parallel stratification in some deposits and the presence of large bedforms at one site indicated at least some of the sediment was transported as bed load and not as suspended load; (7) shoreward transport of mud boulders and rock cobbles where they were available; and (8) the maximum tsunami inundation distance (2.35 km) was up an alluvial valley. \r\n\r\nMost of the tsunami deposits were less than 25 cm thick, which is consistent with tsunami-deposit thicknesses found elsewhere (for example, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Sumatra, Sri Lanka). Exceptions were the thick tsunami deposits near the mouths of Rio Huenchullami (La Trinchera) and Rio Maule (Constitucion), where the sediment supply was abundant. The substantial vertical erosion of the coastal plain at Constitucion \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101116","collaboration":"United States and Chile International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST)","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Buckley, M.L., Gelfenbaum, G., Richmond, B.M., Cecioni, A., Artal, O., Hoffmann, C., and Perez, F., 2010, Geological Impacts and Sedimentary Record of the February 27, 2010, Chile Tsunami-La Trinchera to Concepcion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1116, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101116.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-04-24","temporalEnd":"2010-05-02","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1116.jpg"},{"id":13755,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,37 ], [ -74,35 ], [ -72,35 ], [ -72,37 ], [ -74,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, Mark L.","contributorId":41385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cecioni, Adriano","contributorId":106215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecioni","given":"Adriano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Artal, Osvaldo","contributorId":92367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artal","given":"Osvaldo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoffmann, Constanza","contributorId":63897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Constanza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perez, Felipe","contributorId":27564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":98470,"text":"ofr20101132 - 2010 - Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T20:05:52.539931","indexId":"ofr20101132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1132","title":"Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team","docAbstract":"All of the calculations and results in this report are preliminary and intended for the purpose, and only for the purpose, of aiding the incident team in assessing the extent of the spilled oil for ongoing response efforts. Other applications of this report are not authorized and are not considered valid. Because of time constraints and limitations of data available to the experts, many of their estimates are approximate, are subject to revision, and certainly should not be used as the Federal Government's final values for assessing volume of the spill or its impact to the environment or to coastal communities. Each expert that contributed to this report reserves the right to alter his conclusions based upon further analysis or additional information. \r\n\r\nAn estimated minimum total oil discharge was determined by calculations of oil volumes measured as of May 17, 2010. This included oil on the ocean surface measured with satellite and airborne images and with spectroscopic data (129,000 barrels to 246,000 barrels using less and more aggressive assumptions, respectively), oil skimmed off the surface (23,500 barrels from U.S. Coast Guard [USCG] estimates), oil burned off the surface (11,500 barrels from USCG estimates), dispersed subsea oil (67,000 to 114,000 barrels), and oil evaporated or dissolved (109,000 to 185,000 barrels). Sedimentation (oil captured from Mississippi River silt and deposited on the ocean bottom), biodegradation, and other processes may indicate significant oil volumes beyond our analyses, as will any subsurface volumes such as suspended tar balls or other emulsions that are not included in our estimates. The lower bounds of total measured volumes are estimated to be within the range of 340,000 to 580,000 barrels as of May 17, 2010, for an estimated average minimum discharge rate of 12,500 to 21,500 barrels per day for 27 days from April 20 to May 17, 2010.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101132","usgsCitation":"Labson, V.F., Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., Livo, K., Powers, M.H., Plumlee, G.S., and Meeker, G.P., 2010, Estimated minimum discharge rates of the Deepwater Horizon spill— Interim report to the flow rate technical group from the Mass Balance Team: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1132, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101132.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-05-17","temporalEnd":"2010-05-17","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1132.jpg"},{"id":388811,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93301.htm"},{"id":13754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -87.484130859375,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Livo, K. 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Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":98467,"text":"ofr20101070 - 2010 - Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"ofr20101070","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1070","title":"Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","docAbstract":"This aeromagnetic map of Joshua Tree National Park and vicinity is intended to promote further understanding of the geology and structure in the region by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, water-resource investigations, and various topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on aeromagnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries. Bodies of mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because rocks with more felsic compositions, or even some sedimentary units, also can cause measurable magnetic anomalies.\r\n\r\nThe database includes two ASCII files containing new aeromagnetic data and two ASCII files with point locations of the local maximum horizontal gradient derived from the aeromagnetic data. This metadata file describes the horizontal gradient locations derived from new and existing aeromagnetic data. This aeromagnetic map identifies magnetic features as a basis for geophysical interpretations; the gradients help define the edges of magnetic sources. This database updates geophysical information originally presented in smaller-scale formats and includes detailed aeromagnetic data collected by EON Geosciences, Inc. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101070","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Hill, P.L., 2010, Preliminary Aeromagnetic Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1070, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101070.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1070.jpg"},{"id":13752,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, P. L.","contributorId":30201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98461,"text":"ofr20101020 - 2010 - The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:10:00","indexId":"ofr20101020","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1020","title":"The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program","docAbstract":"As with all large rivers in the United States, the Missouri River has been altered, with approximately 32.5 percent of the main stem length impounded and 32.5 percent channelized. These physical alterations to the environment have had effects on the fisheries, but studies examining the effects of alterations have been localized and for short periods of time. In response to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biological opinion, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers initiated monitoring of the fish community of the Missouri River in 2003. The goal of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program is to provide information to detect changes in populations and habitat preferences with time for pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and native target species in the Missouri River Basin. To determine statistical power of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program, a power analysis was conducted using a normal linear mixed model with variance component estimates based on the first 3 years of data (2003 to 2005). In cases where 3 years of data were unavailable, estimates were obtained using those data. It was determined that at least 20 years of data, sampling 12 bends with 8 subsamples per bend, would be required to detect a 5 percent annual decline in most of the target fish populations. Power varied between Zones. Zone 1 (upstream from Lake Sakakawea) did not have any species/gear type combinations with adequate power, whereas Zone 3 (downstream from Gavins Point Dam) had 19 species/gear type combinations with adequate power. With a slight increase in the sampling effort to 12 subsamples per bend, the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program has adequate power to detect declines in shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) throughout the entire Missouri River because of large catch rates. The lowest level of non-occurrence (in other words, zero catches) at the bend level for pallid sturgeon was 0.58 using otter trawls in Zone 1. Consequently, the power of the pallid sturgeon models was not as high as other species at the current level of sampling, but an increase in the sampling effort to 16 subsamples for each of 24 bends for 20 years would generate adequate power for the pallid sturgeon in all Zones. Since gear types are selective in their species efficiency, the strength of the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program approach is using multiple gears that have statistical power to detect population trends at the same time in different fish species within the Missouri River. As often is the case with monitoring studies involving endangered species, the data used to conduct the analyses exhibit some departures from the parametric model assumptions; however, preliminary simulations indicate that the results of this study are appropriate.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Army Corp of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bryan, J.L., Wildhaber, M.L., Gladish, D., Holan, S., and Ellerseick, M., 2010, The power to detect trends in Missouri River fish populations within the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1020, viii, 23 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101020.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.; Figures; Tables; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1020.jpg"},{"id":334531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/pdf/ofr2010_1020.pdf","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":334532,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/data/","text":"Appendixes"},{"id":13733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, Janice L.","contributorId":58589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gladish, Dan","contributorId":92217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladish","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holan, Scott","contributorId":52138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holan","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellerseick, Mark","contributorId":84323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellerseick","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202860,"text":"ofr20101125 - 2010 - Evidence of envronmental change in Rankin basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T15:57:07.022726","indexId":"ofr20101125","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1125","displayTitle":"Evidence of Envronmental Change in Rankin Basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","title":"Evidence of envronmental change in Rankin basin, Central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","docAbstract":"Analyses of core GLBW601 RL1 collected in Rankin Basin, Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, in June 2001 indicate that significant environmental changes occurred at the site over the last two centuries. The core was collected at a site of documented seagrass die-off in 1987-1988. The purpose of this study was to document the long-term sequences of events leading up to the die-off event. Analyses have been conducted to examine (1) faunal changes in the ostracodes and mollusks, (2) biochemistry of the ostracode shells, (3) floral changes in the pollen assemblages, and (4) geochemical and elemental changes in the sediment. The faunal assemblage analyses provide information on the salinity and benthic habitat at the site. The biochemical and geochemical data provide information about the water chemistry and sedimentation rates. The floral assemblage provides data about the nearby terrestrial environment and the first occurrence of pollen of the Australian pine, Casuarina equisetifolia, serves as a biostratigraphic marker for the beginning of the 20th century. These data provide clues to the cause and effect of the seagrass die-off and changes in salinity patterns and also illustrate decadal-scale patterns of change.
The analyses of GLBW601 RL1 show two important results. First, prior to 1900, Rankin Basin tended to be oligohaline to mesohaline on the basis of faunal data showing the assemblage to be similar to that of the lowest portions of a core from Taylor Creek. Second, prior to the documented seagrass die-off, the faunal assemblages indicate an increase in the amplitude of salinity fluctuations; a significant increase occurs in the mollusks Brachidontes exustus and Anomalocardia auberiana, two species that tolerate fluctuations in salinity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101125","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.B., Wingard, G.L., Cronin, T.M., Orem, W.H., Willard, D.A., Holmes, C.W., Reich, C., Shinn, E., Marot, M., Lerch, T., Trappe, C., and Landacre, B., 2010, Evidence of envornmental change in Rankin Basin, central Florida Bay, Everglades National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1125, 49 p., https://doi.usgs.gov/10.3133/ofr20101125.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1125/ofr20101125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2010-1125"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.85311271484309,\n 25.132490788646592\n ],\n [\n -80.85311271484309,\n 25.07697728453293\n ],\n [\n -80.78943182632912,\n 25.07697728453293\n ],\n [\n -80.78943182632912,\n 25.132490788646592\n ],\n [\n -80.85311271484309,\n 25.132490788646592\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Gas, oil, and water production data for tight gas reservoirs were compiled from selected wells in western Colorado. These reservoir rocks—the relatively shallow Paleogene Wasatch G sandstone interval in the Parachute and Rulison fields and fluvial sandstones in the deeper Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields—are characterized by low permeability, low porosity, and the presence of clay minerals in pore space. Production from each well is represented by two samples spaced five years apart, the first sample typically taken two years after production commenced, which was generally in the 1990s. For each producing interval, summary diagrams of oil-versus-gas and water-versus-gas production show fluid production rates, the change in rates during five years, the water-gas and oil-gas ratios, and the fluid type. These diagrams permit well-to-well and field-to-field comparisons. Fields producing water at low rates (water dissolved in gas in the reservoir) can be distinguished from fields producing water at moderate or high rates, and the water-gas ratios are quantified.
Dry gas is produced from the Wasatch G interval and wet gas is produced from the Mesaverde Group. Production from the Wasatch G interval is also almost completely free of water, but water production commences with gas production in wells producing from the Mesaverde Group—all of these wells have water-gas ratios exceeding the amount that could exist dissolved in gas at reservoir temperature and pressure. The lack of produced water from the Wasatch G interval is attributed to expansion of the gas accumulation with uplift and erosion. The reported underpressure of the Wasatch G interval is here attributed to hydraulic connection to the atmosphere by outcrops in the Colorado River valley at an elevation lower than that of the gas fields.
The amount of reduction of gas production over the five-year time span between the first and second samples is roughly one-half, with median values of second-sample to first-sample gas-production ratios ranging from 0.40 for Rulison-Mesaverde to 0.63 for Rulison-Wasatch G. Commencing with the first sample, the logarithm-of-production rate appears to decline linearly with time in many wells. However, water production is much more erratic as a function of time from an individual well and also from one well to the next within a field. Water production can either decrease or increase with time (from the first to the second sample). In this study, slightly more than half the wells producing from the Mesaverde Group show decreases in water production with time. Plots of water decline versus gas decline show little relation between the two, with only the wells in Rulison field displaying some tendency for water and gas to decline proportionately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101110","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Santus, S.L., 2010, Gas, oil, and water production from Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields in the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1110, v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101110.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 24.00 × 16.00 inches; 6 Appendices; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1110.jpg"},{"id":404392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Parachute, Rulison, and Mamm Creek fields, Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -108.5208,\n 39.1333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santus, Stephen L. ssantus@usgs.gov","contributorId":4566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santus","given":"Stephen","email":"ssantus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98448,"text":"ofr20101098 - 2010 - Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T13:41:43","indexId":"ofr20101098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1098","title":"Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"During September 12-15, 2008, rainfall ranging from 2 to more than 11 inches fell on northwestern Indiana. The rainfall resulted in extensive flooding on many streams within the Lake Michigan and Kankakee River Basins during September 12-18, causing two deaths, evacuation of hundreds of residents, and millions of dollars of damage to residences, businesses, and infrastructure. In all, six counties in northwestern Indiana were declared Federal disaster areas. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages at four locations recorded new record peak streamflows as a result of the heavy rainfall. Peak-gage-height data, peak-streamflow data, annual exceedance probabilities, and recurrence intervals are tabulated in this report for 10 USGS streamgages in northwestern Indiana. Recurrence intervals of flood-peak streamflows were estimated to be greater than 100 years at six streamgages. Because flooding was particularly severe in the communities of Munster, Dyer, Hammond, Highland, Gary, Lake Station, Hobart, Schererville, Merrillville, Michiana Shores, and Portage, high-water-park data collected after the flood were tabulated for those communities. Flood peak inundation maps and water-surface profiles for selected streams were made in a geographic information system by combining high-water-mark data with the highest resolution digital elevation model data available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101098","collaboration":"In Cooperation With the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., Kim, M.H., Menke, C.D., and Arvin, D.V., 2010, Flood of September 2008 in Northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1098, vi, 12 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101098.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1098.jpg"},{"id":13715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.33333333333333,40.75 ], [ -87.33333333333333,41.75 ], [ -86,41.75 ], [ -86,40.75 ], [ -87.33333333333333,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e703d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arvin, Donald V. dvarvin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvin","given":"Donald","email":"dvarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98442,"text":"ofr20101075 - 2010 - Basal Resources in Backwaters of the Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam-Effects of Discharge Regimes and Comparison with Mainstem Depositional Environments ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20101075","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1075","title":"Basal Resources in Backwaters of the Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam-Effects of Discharge Regimes and Comparison with Mainstem Depositional Environments ","docAbstract":" Eight species of fish were native to the Colorado River before the closure of Glen Canyon Dam, but only four of these native species are currently present. A variety of factors are responsible for the loss of native fish species and the limited distribution and abundance of those that remain. These factors include cold and constant water temperatures, predation and competition with nonnative fish species, and food limitation. Backwaters are areas of stagnant flow in a return-current channel and are thought to be critical rearing habitat for juvenile native fish. Backwaters can be warmer than the main channel and may support higher rates of food production. Glen Canyon Dam is a peaking hydropower facility and, as a result, has subdaily variation in discharge because of changes in demand for power. Stable daily discharges may improve the quality of nearshore rearing habitats such as backwaters by increasing warming, stabilizing the substrate, and increasing food production.\r\n\r\nTo evaluate whether backwaters have greater available food resources than main-channel habitats, and how resource availability in backwaters is affected by stable flow regimes, we quantified water-column and benthic food resources in backwaters seasonally for 1 year using both standing (organic matter concentration/density; chlorophyll a concentration/density; zooplankton concentration; benthic invertebrate density and biomass) and process measurements (chamber estimates of ecosystem metabolism). We compared backwater resource measurements with comparable data from main-channel habitats, and compared backwater data collected during stable discharge with data collected when there was subdaily variation in discharge. Rates of primary production in backwaters (mean gross primary production of 1.7 g O2/m2/d) and the main channel (mean gross primary production of 2.0 g O2/m2/d) were similar. Benthic organic matter standing stock (presented as ash-free dry mass-AFDM) was seven times higher in backwaters relative to main-channel habitats (median value of 210 g AFDM/m2 versus 27 g AFDM/m2); this likely reflects greater retention of tributary-derived organic matter in backwaters relative to main-channel habitats. Water-column and benthic organic matter were higher during periods of steady discharge relative to periods of fluctuating discharge. However, our steady-discharge data collection was confounded by tributary activity. Flooding tributaries contribute substantial quantities of sediment and organic matter to the Colorado River; there were two large tributary floods during our steady-discharge data collection but none during our fluctuating-discharge data collections. Although only preliminary data on invertebrate biomass are available at this time, invertebrate biomass in backwaters (range 2-27 mg AFDM/m2) appears low relative to previously published data from main-channel habitats (~100 mg AFDM/m2).\r\n\r\nThe rate of water turnover in backwaters may be a master variable that affects both physical (for example, warming) and biological (for example, primary production) processes in backwaters. We used dye tracer studies to estimate turnover rates in backwaters across flow regimes. Turnover took considerably longer when discharge was stable compared to when there was subdaily variation in discharge (613 minutes versus 220 minutes). Our results indicate that backwaters may represent a sink for organic matter that enters from the main channel and that stable discharge, by lengthening water turnover times, will likely increase organic matter retention. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wyoming","usgsCitation":"Behn, K.E., Kennedy, T., and Hall, R., 2010, Basal Resources in Backwaters of the Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam-Effects of Discharge Regimes and Comparison with Mainstem Depositional Environments : U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1075, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101075.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1075.jpg"},{"id":13707,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Stateplane","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,35 ], [ -114.5,37.5 ], [ -111,37.5 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behn, Katherine E.","contributorId":35033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behn","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Robert O. Jr.","contributorId":104182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98440,"text":"ofr20101117 - 2010 - Environmental Assessment for a Marine Geophysical Survey of Parts of the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20101117","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1117","title":"Environmental Assessment for a Marine Geophysical Survey of Parts of the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2010","docAbstract":"According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), individual nations? sovereign rights extend to 200 nautical miles (n.mi.) (370 km) offshore or to a maritime boundary in an area called the continental shelf. These rights include jurisdiction over all resources in the water column and on and beneath the seabed. Article 76 of UNCLOS also establishes the criteria to determine areas beyond the 200 n.mi. (370 km) limit that could be defined as ?extended continental shelf,? where a nation could extend its sovereign rights over the seafloor and sub-seafloor (As used in UNCLOS, ?continental shelf? refers to a legally defined region of the sea floor rather than a morphological shallow-water area adjacent to continents commonly used by geologists and hydrographers.). This jurisdiction provided in Article 76 includes resources on and below the seafloor but not in the water column. The United States has been acquiring data to determine the outer limits of its extended continental shelf in the Arctic and has a vested interest in declaring and receiving international recognition of the reach of its extended continental shelf. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. collaborated with Canada in 2008 and 2009 on extended continental shelf studies in the Arctic Ocean. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Cutter Healy worked with the Canadian Coast Guard ship Louis S. St. Laurent to map the continental shelf beyond 200 n.mi. (370 km) in the Arctic. Each icebreaking vessel contributed different capabilities in order to collect data needed by both nations more efficiently in order to save money, avoid redundancy, and foster cooperation. Generally, the Healy collects bathymetric (sea-floor topography) data and the Louis S. St. Laurent collects seismic reflection profile data. The vessels work in concert when ice conditions are heavy, with one vessel breaking ice for the ship collecting data. The Canadian Environmental Assessments for these projects are available on line at http://www.ceaa.gc.ca/052/details-eng.cfm?pid=38185 (2008) and http://www.ceaa.gc.ca/052/details-eng.cfm?pid=46518 (2009). \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) are undertaking a similar partnership again for 2010 in a limited area of U.S. waters during the period between ~10 and 16 August. The survey vessels will then proceed to international or Canadian waters where surveying will proceed until ~3 September, when the two icebreakers will separate to conduct independent work. The survey area of the joint work will be bounded approximately by 145? to 158? W longitude and 71? to 84? N latitude in water depths ranging from ~2,000 to 4,000 m (fig. 1). Ice conditions are expected to range from open water to 10/10 ice cover. The Louis S. St. Laurent will join accompanying vessel Healy in or near the survey area around 10 August to begin the joint survey work. \r\n\r\nAs its energy source, the seismic system aboard Louis S. St. Laurent will employ a 3-airgun array consisting of three Sercel G-airguns. Two guns will have a discharge volume of 500 in3 and the third a discharge volume of 150 in3 for a total array discharge volume of 1,150 in3. The seismic survey will take place in water depths 2,000?4,000 m. This airgun array is identical to the system used in the 2008 and 2009 field programs by the Geological Survey of Canada. \r\n\r\nThe USGS requested that the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issue an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) to authorize the incidental, that is, not intentional, harassment of small numbers of cetaceans and seals should this occur during the seismic survey in U.S. waters. USGS is also consulting with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) regarding concerns about disturbance to walruses and polar bears. Through informal consultation with the Office of Protected Resources with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USGS proposes that no ESA-listed marine species?bowhead, fin, humpback or sperm whale?w","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101117","usgsCitation":"Haley, B., Ireland, D., and Childs, J.R., 2010, Environmental Assessment for a Marine Geophysical Survey of Parts of the Arctic Ocean, August-September 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1117, x, 111 p.; Appendices; Finding of No Significant Impact File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101117.","productDescription":"x, 111 p.; Appendices; Finding of No Significant Impact File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1117.jpg"},{"id":13705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,71 ], [ -160,78 ], [ -144,78 ], [ -144,71 ], [ -160,71 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6025c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haley, Beth","contributorId":44258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ireland, Darren","contributorId":50244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"Darren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98436,"text":"ofr20101047 - 2010 - Hydrostratigraphic mapping of the Milford-Souhegan glacial drift aquifer, and effects of hydrostratigraphy on transport of PCE, Operable Unit 1, Savage Superfund Site, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T21:55:40.480008","indexId":"ofr20101047","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1047","title":"Hydrostratigraphic mapping of the Milford-Souhegan glacial drift aquifer, and effects of hydrostratigraphy on transport of PCE, Operable Unit 1, Savage Superfund Site, Milford, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The Savage Municipal Well Superfund site in the Town of Milford, New Hampshire, was underlain by a 0.5-square mile plume (as mapped in 1994) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), most of which consisted of tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The plume occurs mostly within highly transmissive stratified-drift deposits but also extends into underlying till and bedrock. The plume has been divided into two areas called Operable Unit 1 (OU1), which contains the primary source area, and Operable Unit 2 (OU2), which is defined as the extended plume area outside of OU1. The OU1 remedial system includes a low-permeability barrier wall that encircles the highest detected concentrations of PCE and a series of injection and extraction wells to contain and remove contaminants. The barrier wall likely penetrates the full thickness of the sand and gravel; in many places, it also penetrates the full thickness of the underlying basal till and sits atop bedrock.
From 1998 to 2004, PCE concentrations decreased by an average of 80 percent at most wells outside the barrier wall. However, inside the barrier, PCE concentrations greater than 10,000 micrograms per liter (μg/L) still exist (2008). The remediation of these areas of recalcitrant PCE presents challenges to successful remediation.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Region 1, is studying the solute transport of VOCs (primarily PCE) in contaminated groundwater in the unconsolidated sediments (overburden) of the Savage site and specifically assisting in the evaluation of the effectiveness of remedial operations in the OU1 area. As part of this effort, the USGS analyzed the subsurface stratigraphy to help understand hydrostratigraphic controls on remediation.
A combination of lithologic, borehole natural gamma-ray and electromagnetic (EM) induction logging, and test drilling has identified 11 primary hydrostratigraphic units in OU1. These 11 units consist of several well-sorted sandy layers with some gravel that are separated by poorly sorted cobble layers with a fine-grained matrix. Collectively these units represent glacial sediments deposited by localized ice-margin fluctuations. For the most part, the units are semi-planar, particularly the cobble units, and truncated by an undulating bedrock surface. The lowermost unit is a basal till that ranges in thickness from zero to greater than 10 feet and mantles the bedrock surface.
The 11 units have different lithologic and hydraulic characteristics. The hydraulic conductivity of the well-sorted sand and gravel units is typically greater than the conductivity of the poorly sorted cobble units and the basal till. The hydraulic conductivity ranges from 5 to greater than 500 feet per day. Lateral and vertical variation in lithology and hydraulic conductivity are inferred by variations in borehole natural gamma-ray counts and estimates of hydraulic conductivity.
The comparison of hydrostratigraphic units with the spatial distribution of PCE concentrations suggests that solute transport away from source areas is primarily lateral within the permeable sandy units in the middle to lower parts of the aquifer. Along the centerline of the interior barrier area, highest PCE concentrations are in the sandy units to the east of suspected source areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., 2010, Hydrostratigraphic mapping of the Milford-Souhegan glacial drift aquifer, and effects of hydrostratigraphy on transport of PCE, Operable Unit 1, Savage Superfund Site, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1047, Report: x, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 18.00 x 12.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101047.","productDescription":"Report: x, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 18.00 x 12.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93278.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13703,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1047.jpg"}],"scale":"1750","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.70641669473682,\n 42.84588095779773\n ],\n [\n -71.70641669473682,\n 42.84059649074618\n ],\n [\n -71.69298268210142,\n 42.84059649074618\n ],\n [\n -71.69298268210142,\n 42.84588095779773\n ],\n [\n -71.70641669473682,\n 42.84588095779773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98432,"text":"ofr20101043 - 2010 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T15:52:56","indexId":"ofr20101043","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1043","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2003","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. 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Water-quality data are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2003.\n\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed about 31 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2003. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows1 measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.44 to 20 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,200,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 1,900,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2003; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 10,000 to 61,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 15,000 to 100,000 kg/mi2, respectively.\n\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 21.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as N, median nitrate concentration was 0.02 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.06 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 38 and 9 CFU/100 mL (colony forming units per 100 milliliters), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 140 kg/d (67 kg/d/mi2), 15 g/d (6.5 g/d/mi2), 140 g/d (62 g/d/mi2), 340 g/d (180 g/d/mi2), and 2,200 million colony forming units per day (CFU x 106/d) (1,200 CFU x 106/d/mi2) and 940 CFU x 106/d (490 CFU x 106/d/mi2), respectively.\n\n1The arithmetic mean of the individual daily mean discharges for the year noted or for the designated period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theProvidence Water Supply Board and theRhode Island Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Campbell, J.P., 2010, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1043, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101043.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":544,"text":"Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1043.jpg"},{"id":13699,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Jean P.","contributorId":67969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98434,"text":"ofr20101045 - 2010 - Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T09:18:21","indexId":"ofr20101045","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1045","title":"Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2005","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island’s largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgage stations; 10 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate instantaneous (15-minute) loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2005 (October 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005). Water-quality samples were also collected at 37 sampling stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area by the Providence Water Supply Board during WY 2005 as part of a long-term sampling program. Water-quality data are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2005. The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed about 30 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2005. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows1 measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.42 to 19 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,300,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,000,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2005; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 13,000 to 77,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 19,000 to 130,000 kg/mi2, respectively. At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 25.3 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as N, median nitrate concentration was 0.02 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 23 and 15 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 230 kg/d (93 kg/d/mi2), 16 g/d (6.1 g/d/mi2), 150 g/d (71 g/d/mi2), 530 g/d (250 g/d/mi2), and 1,500 million colony forming units per day (CFU×106/d) (630 CFU×106/d/mi2) and 420 CFU×106/d (290 CFU×106/d/mi2), respectively. 1The arithmetic mean of the individual daily mean discharges for the year noted or for the designated period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theProvidence Water Supply Board and theRhode Island Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Campbell, J.P., 2010, Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1045, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101045.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1045.jpg"},{"id":13701,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264694,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1045/pdf/ofr2010-1045.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Jean P.","contributorId":67969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98431,"text":"ofr20101099 - 2010 - Proceedings of the 25th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ofr20101099","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1099","title":"Proceedings of the 25th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop","docAbstract":"For a quarter of a century the Himalayan-Karakoram-Tibet (HKT) Workshop has provided scientists studying the India-Asia collision system a wonderful opportunity for workshop-style discussion with colleagues working in this region. In 2010, HKT returns to North America for the first time since 1996. The 25th international workshop is held from June 7 to10 at San Francisco State University, California. \r\n\r\nThe international community was invited to contribute scientific papers to the workshop, on all aspects of geoscience research in the geographic area of the Tibetan Plateau and its bounding ranges and basins, from basic mapping to geochemical and isotopic analyses to large-scale geophysical imaging experiments. In recognition of the involvement of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists in a wide range of these activities, the USGS agreed to publish the extended abstracts of the numerous components of HKT-25 as an online Open-File Report, thereby ensuring the wide availability and distribution of these abstracts, particularly in the HKT countries from which many active workers are precluded by cost from attending international meetings. \r\n\r\nIn addition to the workshop characterized by contributed presentations, participants were invited to attend a pre-meeting field trip from the Coast Ranges to the Sierra Nevada, to allow the international group to consider how the tectonic elements of the Pacific margin compare to those of the Himalayan belt. Following the workshop, the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored a workshop on the 'Future directions for NSF-sponsored geoscience research in the Himalaya/Tibet' intended to provide NSF Program Directors with a clear statement and vision of community goals for the future, including the scientific progress we can expect if NSF continues its support of projects in this geographic region, and to identify which key geoscience problems and processes are best addressed in the Himalaya and Tibet, what key datasets are needed, and how NSF can best support the evolving need for interdisciplinary investigations. \r\n\r\nThis workshop also has clear societal relevance. Recent earthquakes have brought international attention to active tectonics and earthquake hazards in the HKT region. Prominent examples include the Mw 7.8 Kokoxili (Qinghai, China) earthquake of 2001, the Mw 7.6 Kashmir (Pakistan) earthquake of 2005, the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (Sichuan, China) earthquake of 2008, and this year the Mw 6.9 Yushu (Qinghai, China) earthquake. Geological and geophysical field work conducted both before these earthquakes, as well as in response to them, has helped to define the active faults and regional tectonics in the HKT region. The research presented at this workshop provides the framework necessary for improved seismic hazard assessments in this region. \r\n\r\nThe organizers gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF's Continental Dynamics Program and its Office of International Science and Engineering, through award EAR-0965796. We thank San Francisco State University's Sheldon Axler, Dean of the College of Science and Engineering, and Toby Garfield, Director of the Romberg Tiburon Center, for use of their conference facilities; and the Department of Geosciences, particularly Deb Shulman and Miriam Knof, for administrative support. The California Academy of Sciences generously hosted a reception for visiting delegates, and Brad Ritts (Chevron Exploration Technology Company), Todd Greene (California State University, Chico) and John Shervais (Utah State University) together co-led the pre-conference field trip. Technical editing of this volume was led by Roxanne Renedo (U.S. Geological Survey) with assistance from Margaret Milia (Stanford University). We are grateful to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program and the USGS Menlo Park (California) Publishing Service Center for making this online report possible. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101099","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the National Science Foundation, San Francisco State University and Stanford University, the California Academy of Sciences, and University of California Santa Cruz","usgsCitation":"Leech, M.L., Klemperer, S.L., and Mooney, W.D., 2010, Proceedings of the 25th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1099, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101099.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1099.jpg"},{"id":13698,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73,27 ], [ 73,37 ], [ 96,37 ], [ 96,27 ], [ 73,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leech, Mary L.","contributorId":81595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leech","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":305291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98435,"text":"ofr20101046 - 2010 - Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20101046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1046","title":"Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2006","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgage stations; 10 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate instantaneous (15-minute) loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2006 (October 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006). Water-quality samples were also collected at 37 sampling stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area by the Providence Water Supply Board during WY 2006 as part of a long-term sampling program. Water-quality data are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2006.\r\n\r\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed about 42 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2006. For the same time period, annual mean streamflows1 measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.60 to 26 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,600,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 2,500,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2006; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 15,000 to 100,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 22,000 to 180,000 kg/mi2, respectively.\r\n\r\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 24.6 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.001 mg/L as N, median nitrate concentration was 0.02 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 43 and 23 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 230 kg/d (81 kg/d/mi2), 17 g/d (4.4 g/d/mi2), 130 g/d (50 g/d/mi2), 470 g/d (210 g/d/mi2), and 2,100 million colony forming units per day (CFU?106/d) (1,300 CFU?106/d/mi2) and 670 CFU?106/d (420 CFU?106/d/mi2), respectively.\r\n\r\n1The arithmetic mean of the individual daily mean discharges for the year noted or for the designated period.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nProvidence Water Supply Board and the\r\nRhode Island Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Campbell, J.P., 2010, Streamflow, Water Quality, and Constituent Loads and Yields, Scituate Reservoir Drainage Area, Rhode Island, Water Year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1046, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101046.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":544,"text":"Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1046.jpg"},{"id":13702,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.76666666666667,41.75 ], [ -71.76666666666667,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -71.58333333333333,41.75 ], [ -71.76666666666667,41.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ceb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Jean P.","contributorId":67969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98433,"text":"ofr20101044 - 2010 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T16:03:07","indexId":"ofr20101044","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1044","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2004","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water-quality data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board, Rhode Island's largest drinking-water supplier. Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgage stations; 10 of these stations were also equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance. Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate instantaneous (15-minute) loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2004 (October 1, 2003, to September 30, 2004). Water-quality samples were also collected at 37 sampling stations in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area by the Providence Water Supply Board during WY 2004 as part of a long-term sampling program. Water-quality data are summarized by using values of central tendency and are used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2004.\n\nThe largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed about 27 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) to the reservoir during WY 2004. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.42 to 19 ft3/s. Together, tributary streams (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,100,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 1,700,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2004; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 12,000 to 61,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi2) and from 17,000 to 100,000 kg/mi2, respectively.\n\nAt the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the Providence Water Supply Board, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 24.8 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.001 mg/L as N, median nitrate concentration was 0.03 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.07 mg/L as P, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 33 and 23 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 160 kg/d (81 kg/d/mi2), 9.1 g/d (5.2 g/d/mi2), 280 g/d (110 g/d/mi2), 760 g/d (340 g/d/mi2), and 4,700 million colony forming units per day (CFU x 106/d) (1,700 CFU x 106/d/mi2) and 1,900 CFU x 106/d (520 CFU x 106/d/mi2), respectively.\n\n1The arithmetic mean of the individual daily mean discharges for the year noted or for the designated period","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with theProvidence Water Supply Board and theRhode Island Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Breault, R., and Campbell, J.P., 2010, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1044, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101044.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":544,"text":"Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1044.jpg"},{"id":13700,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.58333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.58333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -71.66666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Jean P.","contributorId":67969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98429,"text":"ofr20101102 - 2010 - Method description, quality assurance, environmental data, and other Information for analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, streamwater, and reservoirs, 2004-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T11:44:28","indexId":"ofr20101102","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1102","title":"Method description, quality assurance, environmental data, and other Information for analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, streamwater, and reservoirs, 2004-2009","docAbstract":"Abstract\r\nWastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluents are a demonstrated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. During 2004-09, a study was conducted to identify pharmaceutical compounds in effluents from WWTPs (including two that receive substantial discharges from pharmaceutical formulation facilities), streamwater, and reservoirs. The methods used to determine and quantify concentrations of seven pharmaceuticals are described. In addition, the report includes information on pharmaceuticals formulated or potentially formulated at the two pharmaceutical formulation facilities that provide substantial discharge to two of the WWTPs, and potential limitations to these data are discussed. The analytical methods used to provide data on the seven pharmaceuticals (including opioids, muscle relaxants, and other pharmaceuticals) in filtered water samples also are described. Data are provided on method performance, including spike data, method detection limit results, and an estimation of precision. Quality-assurance data for sample collection and handling are included. Quantitative data are presented for the seven pharmaceuticals in water samples collected at WWTP discharge points, from streams, and at reservoirs. Occurrence data also are provided for 19 pharmaceuticals that were qualitatively identified. Flow data at selected WWTP and streams are presented.\r\nBetween 2004-09, 35-38 effluent samples were collected from each of three WWTPs in New York and analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals. Two WWTPs (NY2 and NY3) receive substantial inflows (greater than 20 percent of plant flow) from pharmaceutical formulation facilities (PFF) and one (NY1) receives no PFF flow. Samples of effluents from 23 WWTPs across the United States were analyzed once for these pharmaceuticals as part of a national survey. Maximum pharmaceutical effluent concentrations for the national survey and NY1 effluent samples were generally less than 1 ug/L. Four pharmaceuticals (methadone, oxycodone, butalbital and metaxalone) in samples of NY3 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 3.4 to greater than 400 ug/L. Maximum concentrations of oxycodone (1,700 ug/L) and metaxalone (3,800 ug/L) in samples from NY3 effluent exceeded 1,000 ug/L. Three pharmaceuticals (butalbital, carisoprodol, and oxycodone) in samples of NY2 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 2 to 11 ug/L. These findings suggest that current\r\n2\r\nmanufacturing practices at these PFFs can result in pharmaceutical concentrations from 10 to 1,000 times higher than those typically found in WWTP effluents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the\r\nNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation ","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P., Smith, S.G., Kolpin, D.W., Zaugg, S.D., Buxton, H.T., and Furlong, E.T., 2010, Method description, quality assurance, environmental data, and other Information for analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, streamwater, and reservoirs, 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1102, viii; 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101102.","productDescription":"viii; 36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1102.jpg"},{"id":13694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98425,"text":"ofr20101108 - 2010 - Effects of building a sand barrier berm to mitigate the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Louisiana marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:03:02.711684","indexId":"ofr20101108","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1108","title":"Effects of building a sand barrier berm to mitigate the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Louisiana marshes","docAbstract":"The State of Louisiana requested emergency authorization on May 11, 2010, to perform spill mitigation work on the Chandeleur Islands and on all the barrier islands from Grand Terre Island eastward to Sandy Point to enhance the capability of the islands to reduce the movement of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to the marshes. The proposed action-building a barrier berm (essentially an artificial island fronting the existing barriers and inlets) seaward of the existing barrier islands and inlets-'restores' the protective function of the islands but does not alter the islands themselves. Building a barrier berm to protect the mainland wetlands from oil is a new strategy and depends on the timeliness of construction to be successful. Prioritizing areas to be bermed, focusing on those areas that are most vulnerable and where construction can be completed most rapidly, may increase chances for success. For example, it may be easier and more efficient to berm the narrow inlets of the coastal section to the west of the Mississippi River Delta rather than the large expanses of open water to the east of the delta in the southern parts of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). This document provides information about the potential available sand resources and effects of berm construction on the existing barrier islands.
The proposed project originally involved removing sediment from a linear source approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) gulfward of the barrier islands and placing it just seaward of the islands in shallow water (~2-m depth where possible) to form a continuous berm rising approximately 6 feet (~2 m) above sea level (North American Vertical Datum of 1988–NAVD88) with an ~110-yd (~100-m) width at water level and a slope of 25:1 to the seafloor. Discussions within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and with others led to the determination that point-source locations, such as Hewes Point, the St. Bernard Shoals, and Ship Shoal, were more suitable \"borrow\" locations because sand content is insufficient along a linear track offshore from most of Louisiana's barrier islands. Further, mining sediment near the toe of the barrier island platform or edge of actively eroding barrier islands could create pits in the seafloor that will capture nearshore sand, thereby enhancing island erosion, and focus incoming waves (for example, through refraction processes) that could yield hotspots of erosion. In the Breton NWR, the proposed berm would be continuous from just south of Hewes Point to Breton Island for approximately 100 km with the exception of several passages for vessel access. Proposed volume estimates by sources outside of the USGS suggest that the structure in the Breton NWR would contain approximately 56 million cubic yards (42.8 m3) of sandy material. In the west, the berm would require approximately 36 million cubic yards (27.5 m3) of sandy material because this area has less open water than the area to the east of the delta. The planned berm is intended to protect the islands and inland areas from oil and would be sacrificial; that is, it will rapidly erode through natural processes. It is not part of the coastal restoration plan long discussed in Louisiana to rebuild barrier islands for hurricane protection of mainland infrastructure and habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101108","usgsCitation":"Lavoie, D., Flocks, J.G., Kindinger, J.L., Sallenger, A.H., and Twichell, D.C., 2010, Effects of building a sand barrier berm to mitigate the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Louisiana marshes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1108, iv, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101108.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":330,"text":"Gulf Coast U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423271,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96732.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1108.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92,28.5 ], [ -92,30.5 ], [ -88,30.5 ], [ -88,28.5 ], [ -92,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn","contributorId":43881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}