This report presents a digital geologic strip map of the southern parts of the contiguous White Ledge Peak and Matilija 7.5’ quadrangles in coastal southern California. With a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map to 2,000 feet on the ground), the map depicts the distribution of bedrock units, surficial deposits, and associated deformation adjacent to and south of the Arroyo Parida fault and in the southern Ojai Valley east of the Ventura River. This new compilation, combined with a recently published geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3001), completes a 69-km-long east-west mapping transect from Goleta to Ojai by the U.S. Geological Survey. These two contiguous geologic maps provide new insights and constraints on Neogene-through-Quaternary tectonic deformation and consequent landscape change, including geohazards in the urbanized southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
\nA principal aim of the new mapping and associated fault-kinematic measurements is to document and constrain the nature of transpressional strain transfer between various regional, potentially seismogenic faults. In the accompanying pamphlet, surficial and bedrock map units are described in detail as well as a summary of the structural and fault-kinematic framework of the map area. New biostratigraphic and biochronologic data based on microfossil identifications are presented in expanded unit descriptions of the marine Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations. Site-specific fault kinematic observations are embedded in the digital map database. This compilation provides a uniform geologic digital geodatabase and map plot files that can be used for visualization, analysis, and interpretation of the area’s geology, geologic hazards, and natural resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3321","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2015, Geologic map of the southern White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3321, Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3321.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 56 x 32 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046251","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3321.jpg"},{"id":399002,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101922.htm"},{"id":300812,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Associated database files. Refer to the ReadMe and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":300811,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map_geo.pdf","text":"Map georeferenced","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map georeferenced","linkHelpText":"Contains: Georeferenced pdf for users' convenience; no hillshade included."},{"id":300810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":300813,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3001/","text":"Related report: SIM 3001","linkHelpText":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},{"id":300809,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3321/pdf/sim3321_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County, Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"White Ledge Peak and Matilija quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.4561\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -119.5,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55658b1ae4b0d9246a9eb5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135042,"text":"70135042 - 2015 - Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T11:59:32","indexId":"70135042","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5225,"text":"Rock Products","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States","docAbstract":"The practice of fracturing reservoir rock in the United States as a method to increase the flow of oil and gas from wells has a relatively long history and can be traced back to 1858 in Fredonia, New York, when a gas well situated in shale of the Marcellus Formation was successfully fractured using black powder as a blasting agent. Nearly all domestic hydraulic fracturing, often referred to as hydrofracking or fracking, is a process where fluids are injected under high pressure through perforations in the horizontal portion of a well casing in order to generate fractures in reservoir rock with low permeability (“tight”). Because the fractures are in contact with the well bore they can serve as pathways for the recovery of gas and oil. To prevent the fractures generated by the fracking process from closing or becoming obstructed with debris, material termed “proppant,” most commonly high-silica sand, is injected along with water-rich fluids to maintain or “prop” open the fractures. The first commercial application of fracking in the oil and gas industry took place in Oklahoma and Texas during the 1940s. In 1949, over 300 wells, mostly vertical, were fracked (ALL Consulting, LLC, 2012; McGee, 2012; Veil, 2012) and used silica sand as a proppant (Fracline, 2011). The resulting increase in well productivity demonstrated the significant potential that fracking might have for the oil and gas industry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rock Products","usgsCitation":"Bleiwas, D.I., 2015, Estimates of hydraulic fracturing (Frac) sand production, consumption, and reserves in the United States: Rock Products, v. 118, no. 5, p. 60-60.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-061248","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/103170641/estimates-hydraulic-fracturing-frac-sand-production-consumption-reserves-united-states"}],"volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f6e4b09065cdf30542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142283,"text":"70142283 - 2015 - Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T16:39:17","indexId":"70142283","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis.","docAbstract":"Regression of in-stream turbidity with concurrent sample-based suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) has become an accepted method for producing unit-value time series of inferred SSC (Rasmussen et al., 2009). Turbidity-SSC regression models are increasingly used to generate suspended-sediment records for Pacific Northwest rivers (e.g., Curran et al., 2014; Schenk and Bragg, 2014; Uhrich and Bragg, 2003). Recent work developing turbidity-SSC models for the North Fork Toutle River in Southwest Washington (Uhrich et al., 2014), as well as other studies (Landers and Sturm, 2013, Merten et al., 2014), suggests that models derived from annual or greater datasets may not adequately reflect shorter term changes in turbidity-SSC relations, warranting closer inspection of such relations. In-stream turbidity measurements and suspended-sediment samples have been collected from the North Fork Toutle River since 2010. The study site, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage 14240525 near Kid Valley, Washington, is 13 river km downstream of the debris avalanche emplaced by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Lipman and Mullineaux, 1981), and 2 river km downstream of the large sediment retention structure (SRS) built from 1987–1989 to mitigate the associated sediment hazard. The debris avalanche extends roughly 25 km down valley from the edifice of the volcano and is the primary source of suspended sediment moving past the streamgage (NF Toutle-SRS). Other significant sources are debris flow events and sand deposits upstream of the SRS, which are periodically remobilized and transported downstream. Also, finer material often is derived from the clay-rich original debris avalanche deposit, while coarser material can derive from areas such as fluvially reworked terraces.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015","conferenceTitle":"5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"US Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Uhrich, M.A., Spicer, K.R., Mosbrucker, A.R., and Christianson, T.S., 2015, Evaluating turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration relations from the North Fork Toutle River basin near Mount St. Helens, Washington; annual, seasonal, event, and particle size variations - a preliminary analysis., in Proceedings of the joint federal interagency conference 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061916","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50408172607422,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -122.53498077392578,\n 46.210962348068314\n ],\n [\n -122.46322631835938,\n 46.18244521829928\n ],\n [\n -122.37361907958984,\n 46.17959269136383\n ],\n [\n -122.27611541748045,\n 46.18006812279714\n ],\n [\n -122.24006652832033,\n 46.17079646832833\n ],\n [\n -122.19680786132812,\n 46.216188883247405\n ],\n [\n -122.19715118408202,\n 46.258458011742235\n ],\n [\n -122.32864379882811,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -122.3650360107422,\n 46.27578368908797\n ],\n [\n -122.4367904663086,\n 46.30662407603325\n ],\n [\n -122.47936248779295,\n 46.31089291474789\n ],\n [\n -122.49927520751953,\n 46.30875853700599\n ],\n [\n -122.50545501708984,\n 46.302829273239325\n ],\n [\n -122.50408172607422,\n 46.30140615437332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5641d1bee4b0831b7d62e73c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christianson, Tami S. 0000-0002-6873-9229 tchristianson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":5986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","email":"tchristianson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171170,"text":"70171170 - 2015 - Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:18:28","indexId":"70171170","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water","docAbstract":"Timing of ocean entry is critical for marine survival of both hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Management practices and barriers to migration such as dams may constrain timing of smolt migrations resulting in suboptimal performance at saltwater entry. We modeled influences of stocking location, smolt development, and environmental conditions on (i) initiation of migration by hatchery-reared smolts and (ii) movement rate of hatchery- and wild-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, from 2005 through 2014 using acoustic telemetry data. We also compared movement rates in free-flowing reaches with rates in reaches with hydropower dams and head ponds. We compared movement rates before and after (1) removal of two mainstem dams and (2) construction of new powerhouses. Initiation of movement by hatchery fish was influenced by smolt development, stocking location, and environmental conditions. Smolts with the greatest gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity initiated migration 24 h sooner than fish with the lowest gill NKA activity. Fish with the greatest cumulative thermal experience initiated migration 5 days earlier than those with lowest cumulative thermal experience. Smolts released furthest from the ocean initiated migration earlier than those released downstream, but movement rate increased by fivefold closer to the ocean, indicating behavioral trade-offs between initiation and movement rate. Dams had a strong effect on movement rate. Movement rate increased from 2.8 to 5.4 km·h−1 in reaches where dams were removed, but decreased from 2.1 to 0.1 km·h−1 in reaches where new powerhouses were constructed. Movement rate varied throughout the migratory period and was inversely related to temperature. Fish moved slower at extreme high or low discharge. Responses in fish movement rates to dam removal indicate the potential scope of recovery for these activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570","usgsCitation":"Stich, D.S., Kinnison, M.T., Kocik, J.F., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1339-1351, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060916","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.5,\n 44.7\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -68.8,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -68.8,\n 44.7\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 44.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccbde4b07e28b662dce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":139212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12606,"text":"University of Maine, Dept of Plant, Soil, & Envir Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocik, John F.","contributorId":103162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148195,"text":"ofr20151106 - 2015 - Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:27:39","indexId":"ofr20151106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1106","title":"Estimating exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish to mercury in California lakes using prey fish monitoring: a predictive tool for managers","docAbstract":"Numerous water bodies in California are listed under the Clean Water Act as being impaired due to mercury (Hg) contamination. The Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP), via the Bioaccumulation Oversight Group (BOG), has recently completed statewide surveys of contaminants in sport fish tissue from more than 250 lakes and rivers in California and throughout coastal waters. This effort focused on human health issues but did not include beneficial uses by wildlife. Many piscivorous birds such as grebes, terns, cormorants, and mergansers eat fish smaller than those that were sampled by BOG, and sport fish Hg concentrations are not always indicative of wildlife exposure to Hg; therefore, the BOG surveys could not address whether wildlife were at risk due to Hg-induced reproductive impairment in these lakes.
\nWe used western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark’s grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) as our index of wildlife exposure to Hg in California lakes. Grebes are widely distributed in lakes throughout California and, as piscivorous waterbirds, are near the top of the food chain in lakes. Additionally, grebes become flightless after they arrive at their summer locations. Thus, grebes are useful representatives for wildlife risk from local, lake-specific contaminant exposure. Grebes also breed at many lakes throughout California, making them susceptible to impaired reproduction due to local Hg contamination.
\nWe developed a tool for estimating wildlife and sport fish risk from Hg exposure based on Hg concentrations in prey fish. This quantitative tool can be used to predict Hg concentrations in grebe blood, grebe eggs, and sport fish, thus facilitating a feasible alternative for adequately estimating wildlife exposure when more comprehensive wildlife sampling is not possible. Specifically, we sampled grebes, prey fish, and sport fish simultaneously at 25 lakes throughout California during the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013 when breeding birds are particularly vulnerable to Hg-induced reproductive impairment. We selected lakes based on a combination of factors, including lakes
\nUsing these factors ensured that our results are representative of a broad range of lakes and reservoirs in California and are comparable to prior BOG studies.
\nSpecifically, we addressed three management questions:
\nIn less than 200 pages, Thom van Dooren aims in his ambitious book, Flight Ways, to reconnect humans empathetically with the rest of the planet's inhabitants, but especially vanishing species. This is asking a lot, but he succeeds—or at least makes great strides—using evocative storytelling and compelling discourse. A number of themes are carefully woven together with the goal of awakening sensitivities, building understanding, and motivating commitment to stopping the decline of populations and species. As one who works in the field of endangered Hawaiian bird research, I found this book illuminating, thought-provoking, and insightful. It probes deeply into the evolution, ecology, and ethics of our interactions with other species and offers useful lessons for thinking about endangered species and extinction in more meaningful ways. It will likely spur self-examination and further inquiry by readers, which can open new lines of communication with the general public about conservation.
\nReview info: Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction. By Thom van Dooren, 2014. ISBN 978-0231166188, 193 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12101","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., 2015, Book review: Flight ways: Life and loss at the edge of extinction.: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 180-182, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12101.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062744","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5666bbc7e4b06a3ea36c8b01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70243861,"text":"70243861 - 2015 - End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-24T15:05:42.814122","indexId":"70243861","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-23T15:56:20","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska","docAbstract":"A quantitative understanding of snow thickness and snow water equivalent (SWE) on glaciers is essential to a wide range of scientific and resource management topics. However, robust SWE estimates are observationally challenging, in part because SWE can vary abruptly over short distances in complex terrain due to interactions between topography and meteorological processes. In spring 2013, we measured snow accumulation on several glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska using both ground- and helicopter-based ground-penetrating radar surveys, complemented by extensive ground truth observations. We found that SWE can be highly variable (40% difference) over short spatial scales (tens to hundreds of meters), especially in the ablation zone where the underlying ice surfaces are typically rough. Elevation provides the dominant basin-scale influence on SWE, with gradients ranging from 115 to 400 mm/100 m. Regionally, total accumulation and the accumulation gradient are strongly controlled by a glacier's distance from the coastal moisture source. Multiple linear regressions, used to calculate distributed SWE fields, show that robust results require adequate sampling of the true distribution of multiple terrain parameters. Final SWE estimates (comparable to winter balances) show reasonable agreement with both the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model climate data set (9–36% difference) and the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Benchmark Glaciers (6–36% difference). All the glaciers in our study exhibit substantial sensitivity to changing snow-rain fractions, regardless of their location in a coastal or continental climate. While process-based SWE projections remain elusive, the collection of ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-derived data sets provides a greatly enhanced perspective on the spatial distribution of SWE and will pave the way for future work that may eventually allow such projections.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003539","usgsCitation":"Mcgrath, D., Sass, L., O’Neel, S., Arendt, A., Wolken, G., Gusmeroli, A., Kienholz, C., and McNeil, C., 2015, End-of-winter snow depth variability on glaciers in Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 120, no. 8, p. 1530-1550, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003539.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1530","endPage":"1550","ipdsId":"IP-064450","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003539","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K072BV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Valdez Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438699,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7F769M4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eklutna Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438698,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z60M35","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Eureka Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TH8JRR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Gulkana Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438696,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BG2M16","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data,Taku Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G73BRH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Wolverine Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":438694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76Q1V81","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Raw Ground Penetrating Radar Data, Scott Glacier, Alaska; 2013"},{"id":417368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 62.938908091713984\n ],\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 57.55690540490215\n ],\n [\n -137.04945194161488,\n 57.55690540490215\n ],\n [\n -137.04945194161488,\n 62.938908091713984\n ],\n [\n -151.14517565646327,\n 62.938908091713984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":220417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Louis C. 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":3555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis C.","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony 0000-0003-0429-6905","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-6905","contributorId":220394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolken, Gabriel","contributorId":305685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolken","given":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gusmeroli, Alessio 0000-0002-8355-5591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5591","contributorId":220395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gusmeroli","given":"Alessio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40163,"text":"U of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kienholz, Christian 0000-0001-7962-4446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-4446","contributorId":220396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienholz","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40162,"text":"U. of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70147415,"text":"sir20155061 - 2015 - Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:19:32","indexId":"sir20155061","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5061","title":"Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04","docAbstract":"An existing regional steady-state model for coastal Georgia, and parts of South Carolina and Florida, was revised to evaluate the local effects of pumping on the migration of high chloride (saline) water in the Upper Floridan aquifer located in the Brunswick/Glynn County, Georgia (Ga.) area. Revisions were focused on enhancing the horizontal and vertical resolution of the regional model grid in the vicinity of saline water. Modifications to the regional model consisted of (1) limiting grid size to a maximum of 500 feet (ft) per side in the vicinity of chloride contamination; (2) representing the upper and lower Brunswick aquifers with distinct model layers; (3) similarly, representing upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer with distinct model layers in Glynn and Camden Counties, Ga.; and (4) establishing new hydraulic-property zones in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The revised model simulated steady-state conditions that were assumed to exist during 2000 and 2004.
\nCalibration of the revised steady-state model using pumping rates from 2000 indicates a \"good\" match (±10 ft) based on 181 observations, with median residuals (simulated minus observed water levels) in each of the active model layers ranging from -8.62 to 4.67 ft, and root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 10.9 to 11.4 ft. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, groundwater-level residuals in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) indicate an \"excellent\" match (±5 ft) based on 41 observations with a median residual of -0.35 ft and RMSE of 4.32 ft.
\nCalibration of the revised steady-state model using 2004 pumping rates and adjusted specified-head input values in the Floridan aquifer system indicates a \"good\" match (-10 ft) based on 88 observations, with median residuals in each of the active model layers ranging from -6.31 to -2.05 ft, and RMSE ranging from -6.95 to 14.5 ft. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, groundwater-level residuals in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) indicate an \"excellent\" match (±5 ft) based on 32 observations with a median residual of -1.50 ft and RMSE of 5.34 ft.
\nSimulated potentiometric surfaces for 2000 and 2004 indicate coastward groundwater flow in the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers influenced by pumping centers at Savannah, Jesup, and Brunswick, Ga., and indicate steep potentiometric gradients to the west and north of the Gulf Trough. In the Brunswick/Glynn County area, simulated industrial production wells located north of downtown Brunswick intercept local groundwater flow in the upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer and have created a cone of depression that locally alters the regional coastward flow direction.
\nMaps of simulated water-level change during the 2000-04 period show differences in groundwater levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer that range from -2.5 ft to more than 5 ft in areas of coastal Georgia, and more than 20 ft near the Georgia-Florida State Line. Positive values indicate higher simulated water levels during 2004 than during 2000, which were caused by reduced pumping in the Upper Floridan aquifer prompted by the shutdown of a paper mill near the southern model boundary in 2002 and increased recharge following a prolonged drought during 1998-2002.
\nSimulated potentiometric profiles for 2000 and 2004 were used to evaluate the potentiometric gradients in the upper water-bearing zone of the Upper Floridan aquifer (layer 7) near the chloride plume in the downtown Brunswick area. Four potentiometric profiles were constructed for 2000 to compare the simulated and observed water levels in 13 wells and were oriented outward from a primary well field. The simulated potentiometric gradients from the four profiles for 2000 ranged from 3.6 to 5.2 feet per mile (ft/mi) compared to observed values ranging from 4.1 to 5.6 ft/mi. The five potentiometric profiles constructed for 2004 allowed for a similar comparison using simulated and observed water levels in 18 wells. The simulated potentiometric gradients from the five profiles for 2000 ranged from 3.6 to 11.1 ft/mi compared to observed values ranging from 3.8 to 10.2 ft/mi. Simulated potentiometric gradients were higher for 2004 than for 2000 because of the inclusion of a well located within the cone of depression near downtown Brunswick.
\nComposite-scaled sensitivities of the model parameters indicate the revised model is most sensitive to pumping rates, followed by the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the Upper Floridan aquifer for zones along coastal Georgia. The revised model is least sensitive to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the confining units and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers. For parameters defined by hydraulic-property zones in the upper and lower water-bearing zones of the Upper Floridan aquifer, such as horizontal hydraulic conductivity, model sensitivity was not as great in the Brunswick/Glynn County area as other areas along coastal Georgia. The model exhibited more sensitivity to these parameters however, than to parameters representing the majority of zones defining the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units, which originally were assumed to govern upward migration of chloride contamination into this aquifer.
\nAnalysis of simulated water-budget components for 2000 and 2004 indicate that specified-head boundaries in the Floridan aquifer system to the south and southwest of the regional model area control about 70 percent of inflows and nearly 50 percent of outflows to the model region. Other water-budget components indicate an 80-million-gallon-per-day decrease in pumping from the Floridan aquifer system during this period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155061","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., 2015, Groundwater flow in the Brunswick/Glynn County area, Georgia, 2000-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5061, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155061.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-015105","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155061.jpg"},{"id":300753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5061/pdf/sir2015-5061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5061 Report"},{"id":300752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5061/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Brunswick County, Glynn County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.121439619206097\n ],\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.178147212117395\n ],\n [\n -81.4577865600586,\n 31.178147212117395\n ],\n [\n -81.4577865600586,\n 31.121439619206097\n ],\n [\n -81.52284622192383,\n 31.121439619206097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560452be4b0afeb70724149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148122,"text":"ofr20151104 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T13:38:15","indexId":"ofr20151104","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1104","title":"Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish","docAbstract":"The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, were evaluated on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish endemic to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Basins. Nine species of young-of-the-year fish were exposed to SDP for 24 hours by using continuous-flow, serial-dilution exposure systems at temperatures of 12 degrees Celsius (°C; 2 species; Oncorhynchus mykiss [rainbow trout] and Salvelinus fontinalis [brook trout]), 17 °C (3 species; Perca flavescens [yellow perch], Sander vitreus [walleye], and Acipenser fulvescens [lake sturgeon]), or 22 °C (4 species; Micropterus salmoides [largemouth bass], Micropterus dolomieu [smallmouth bass], Lepomis macrochirus [bluegill sunfish], and Ictalurus punctatus [channel catfish]).
\nTreatments, which were nominal target concentrations of SDP (as active ingredient) of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), were continuously applied for 24 hours by the addition of a test article stock solution into the main water inflow of each exposure system's dilution box. The SDP-treated water was then serially diluted through a series of dilution cells before delivery to the test chambers. The exposure concentrations measured were 61.5 to 81.4 percent of the target concentration. After exposure, fish were monitored for 22 days to assess exposure-related latent effects.
\nAnalyses of test animal condition factors and survival revealed that a 24-hour continuous dose of SDP affected all species. Calculated concentrations of SDP that would be lethal to 50 percent of the test animals (LC50) for the coldwater species were 19.2 and 104.6 mg/L for rainbow and brook trout, respectively. The LC50's for the coolwater species were 185.4, 176.9 and 8.9 mg/L for yellow perch, walleye, and lake sturgeon, respectively. The LC50's for the warmwater species were 173.6, 139.4, and 63.1 for the largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish, respectively. A reliable LC50 for bluegill sunfish could not be calculated because mortality in the SDP-treated groups did not exceed 20 percent.
\nFurther investigations to evaluate the SDP-exposure related effects on freshwater fish at the maximum approved open-water label concentration and exposure duration (100 mg/L for 8 hours) and using the expected lentic application technique (static application) are warranted. The variation in tolerance to P. fluorescens, strain CL145A, exposure observed in this study indicates that fish species community composition should be considered before SDP is applied in open-water environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151104","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., and Denise A. Mayer, 2015, Exposure-related effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, on coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater fish: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1104, viii, 1632 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151104.","productDescription":"viii, 1632 p.","numberOfPages":"1641","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064984","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/pdf/ofr2015-1104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"56.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1104 Report"},{"id":300744,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1050/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1050","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Test Substrates"},{"id":300745,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1051/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1051","description":"Companion Report - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Spray Dried Powder for Controlling Zebra Mussels Adhering to Native Unionid Mussels Within Field Enclosures"},{"id":300746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1064","description":"Companion Report - Safety of Spray-Dried Powder Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A Exposure to Subadult/Adult Unionid Mussels During Simulated Open-Water Treatments"},{"id":300742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1104/"},{"id":300747,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1066","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) on Juvenile Unionid Mussels"},{"id":300748,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1094","text":"Open-File Report 2015-1094","description":"Companion Report - Exposure-Related Effects of Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CL145A to Glochidia from Seven Unionid Mussel Species"},{"id":300749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151104.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604527e4b0afeb70724145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denise A. Mayer","contributorId":140891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denise A. Mayer","affiliations":[{"id":13605,"text":"New York State Department of Education, Cambridge Field Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146512,"text":"sir20155055 - 2015 - Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T13:13:31","indexId":"sir20155055","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5055","title":"Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013","docAbstract":"Traditionally, the Iowa Department of Transportation has used the Iowa Runoff Chart and single-variable regional-regression equations (RREs) from a U.S. Geological Survey report (published in 1987) as the primary methods to estimate annual exceedance-probability discharge (AEPD) for small (20 square miles or less) drainage basins in Iowa. With the publication of new multi- and single-variable RREs by the U.S. Geological Survey (published in 2013), the Iowa Department of Transportation needs to determine which methods of AEPD estimation provide the best accuracy and the least bias for small drainage basins in Iowa.
\nTwenty five streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 square miles (mi2) and 55 streamgages with drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi2 were selected for the comparisons that used two evaluation metrics. Estimates of AEPDs calculated for the streamgages using the expected moments algorithm/multiple Grubbs-Beck test analysis method were compared to estimates of AEPDs calculated from the 2013 multivariable RREs; the 2013 single-variable RREs; the 1987 single-variable RREs; the TR-55 rainfall-runoff model; and the Iowa Runoff Chart.
\nFor the 25 streamgages with drainage areas less than 2 mi2, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the TR-55 method for flood regions 1 and 3 (published in 2013) and by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013).
\nFor drainage basins with areas between 2 and 20 mi2, results of the comparisons seem to indicate the best overall accuracy and the least bias may be achieved by using the 1987 single-variable RREs for the Southern Iowa Drift Plain landform region and for flood region 3 (published in 2013), by using the 2013 multivariable RREs for the Iowan Surface landform region, and by using the 2013 or 1987 single-variable RREs for flood region 2 (published in 2013). For all other landform or flood regions in Iowa, use of the 2013 single-variable RREs may provide the best overall accuracy and the least bias.
\nAn examination was conducted to understand why the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias than either of the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs. A comparison of 1-percent annual exceedance-probability regression lines for hydrologic regions 1-4 from the 1987 single-variable RREs and for flood regions 1-3 from the 2013 single-variable RREs indicates that the 1987 single-variable regional-regression lines generally have steeper slopes and lower discharges when compared to 2013 single-variable regional-regression lines for corresponding areas of Iowa. The combination of the definition of hydrologic regions, the lower discharges, and the steeper slopes of regression lines associated with the 1987 single-variable RREs seem to provide better accuracy and less bias when compared to the 2013 multi- or single-variable RREs; better accuracy and less bias was determined particularly for drainage areas less than 2 mi2, and also for some drainage areas between 2 and 20 mi2. The 2013 multi- and single-variable RREs are considered to provide better accuracy and less bias for larger drainage areas. Results of this study indicate that additional research is needed to address the curvilinear relation between drainage area and AEPDs for areas of Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project TR-678)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2015, Comparisons of estimates of annual exceedance-probability discharges for small drainage basins in Iowa, based on data through water year 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5055, viii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155055.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058580","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155055.jpg"},{"id":300732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/pdf/sir2015-5055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055"},{"id":300731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/"},{"id":300733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5055/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Contains: Table 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 in XLSX format","linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5055 Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 41.508577297439324\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -91.47216796875,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -91.8017578125,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -95.73486328124999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -96.70166015624999,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 43.51668853502906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560451be4b0afeb70724141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141461,"text":"sir20155015 - 2015 - Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:27:59","indexId":"sir20155015","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5015","title":"Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels","docAbstract":"The South Platte River and underlying alluvial aquifer form an important hydrologic resource in northeastern Colorado that provides water to population centers along the Front Range and to agricultural communities across the rural plains. Water is regulated based on seniority of water rights and delivered using a network of administration structures that includes ditches, reservoirs, wells, impacted river sections, and engineered recharge areas. A recent addendum to Colorado water law enacted during 2002-2003 curtailed pumping from thousands of wells that lacked authorized augmentation plans. The restrictions in pumping were hypothesized to increase water storage in the aquifer, causing groundwater to rise near the land surface at some locations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Colorado Water Institute, completed an assessment of 60 years (yr) of historical groundwater-level records collected from 1953 to 2012 from 1,669 wells. Relations of \"high\" groundwater levels, defined as depth to water from 0 to 10 feet (ft) below land surface, were compared to precipitation, river discharge, and 36 geographic and administrative attributes to identify natural and human controls in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nAveraged per decade and over the entire aquifer, depths to groundwater varied between 24 and 32 ft over the 60-yr record. The shallowest average depth to water was identified during 1983-1992, which also recorded the highest levels of decadal precipitation. Average depth to water was greatest (32 ft) during 1953-1962 and intermediate (30 ft) in the recent decade (2003-2012) following curtailment of pumping. Between the decades 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels declined about 2 ft across the aquifer. In comparison, in areas where groundwater levels were within 20 ft of the land surface, observed groundwater levels rose about 0.6 ft, on average, during the same period, which demonstrated preferential rise in areas with shallow groundwater.
\nApproximately 29 percent of water-level observations were identified as high groundwater in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer over the 60-yr record. High groundwater levels were found in 17 to 33 percent of wells examined by decade, with the largest percentages occurring over three decades from 1963 to 1992. The recent decade (2003-2012) exhibited an intermediate percentage (25 percent) of wells with high groundwater levels but also had the highest percentage (30 percent) of high groundwater observations, although results by observations were similar (26-29 percent) over three decades prior, from 1963 to 1992. Major sections of the aquifer from north of Sterling to Julesburg and areas near Greeley, La Salle, and Gilcrest were identified with the highest frequencies of high groundwater levels.
\nChanges in groundwater levels were evaluated using Kendal line and least trimmed squares regression methods using a significance level of 0.01 and statistical power of 0.8. During 2003-2012, following curtailment of pumping, 88 percent of wells and 81 percent of subwatershed areas with significant trends in groundwater levels exhibited rising water levels. Over the complete 60-yr record, however, 66 percent of wells and 57 percent of subwatersheds with significant groundwater-level trends still showed declining water levels; rates of groundwater-level change were typically less than 0.125 ft/yr in areas near the South Platte River, with greater declines along the southern tributaries. In agreement, 58 percent of subwatersheds evaluated between 1963-1972 and 2003-2012 showed net declines in average decadal groundwater levels. More areas had groundwater decline in upgradient sections to the west and rise in downgradient sections to the east, implying a redistribution of water has occurred in some areas of the aquifer.
\nPrecipitation was identified as having the strongest statistically significant correlations to river discharge over annual and decadal periods (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively, and statistical significance defined by p-values less than 0.05). Correlation coefficients between river discharge and frequency of high groundwater levels were statistically significant at 0.4 annually and 0.6 over decadal periods, indicating that periods of high river flow were often coincident with high groundwater conditions. Over seasonal periods in five of the six decades examined, peak high groundwater levels occurred after spring runoff from July to September when administrative structures were most active. Between 1993-2002 and 2003-2012, groundwater levels rose while river discharge decreased, in part from greater reliance on surface water and curtailed pumping from wells without augmentation plans.
\nGeographic attributes of elevation and proximity to streams and rivers showed moderate correlations to high groundwater levels in wells used for observing groundwater levels (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.4). Local depressions and regional lows within the aquifer were identified as areas of potential shallow groundwater. Wells close to the river regularly indicated high groundwater levels, while those within depleted tributaries tended to have low frequencies of high groundwater levels. Some attributes of administrative structures were spatially correlated to high groundwater levels at moderate to high magnitudes (correlation coefficients of 0.3 to 0.7). The number of affected river reaches or recharge areas that surround a well where groundwater levels were observed and its distance from the nearest well field showed the strongest controls on high groundwater levels. Influences of administrative structures on groundwater levels were in some cases local over a mile or less but could extend to several miles, often manifesting as diffuse effects from multiple surrounding structures.
\nA network of candidate monitoring wells was proposed to initiate a regional monitoring program. Consistent monitoring and analysis of groundwater levels will be needed for informed decisions to optimize beneficial use of water and to limit high groundwater levels in susceptible areas. Finalization of the network will require future field reconnaissance to assess local site conditions and discussions with State authorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Institute and Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., 2015, Evaluation of groundwater levels in the South Platte River alluvial aquifer, Colorado, 1953-2012, and design of initial well networks for monitoring groundwater levels: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5015, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155015.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1953-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057966","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155015.jpg"},{"id":300708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/pdf/sir2015-5015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5015 Report"},{"id":300709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5015/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -109.13818359375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604523e4b0afeb70724143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan 0000-0003-3049-6214 twellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-6214","contributorId":2166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan","email":"twellman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147635,"text":"ofr20151089 - 2015 - Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-22T09:39:22","indexId":"ofr20151089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1089","title":"Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington","docAbstract":"During the late morning of March 22, 2014, a devastating landslide occurred near the town of Oso, Washington. The landslide with an estimated volume of 10.9 million cubic yards (8.3 x 106 m3) of both intact glacially deposited and previously disturbed landslide sediments, reached speeds averaging 40 miles per hour (64 kilometers per hour) and crossed the entire 2/3-mile (~1100 m) width of the adjacent North Fork Stillaguamish River floodplain in approximately 60 seconds, resulting in the complete destruction of an entire neighborhood (Iverson and others, 2015). More than 40 homes were destroyed as the debris overran the neighborhood, resulting in the deaths of 43 people.
\nLandslides in glacial deposits are common in the Pacific Northwest (for example, Baum and others, 2008), and in fact, the site of the March 22, 2014 SR-530 landslide had experienced significant reactivation several times in past decades, with the most recent event occurring in 2006 (for example, Miller and Sias, 1998). However, these previous landslides were of considerably less volume and mobility (Iverson and others, 2015), and debris had never reached the Steelhead Haven neighborhood. Further, no landslides with the type of mobility that the March 22, 2014 landslide underwent have been recorded in historic times within the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley. However, mapping performed immediately following the landslide indicates that several other slopes in the North Fork Stillaguamish River valley have experienced large-volume landslides exhibiting high mobility in prehistoric times (Haugerud, 2014). The presence of previous high-mobility landslides in the valley, and the now well-documented occurrence of one involving many fatalities, underscores both the hazard and risk for those that live and travel in this and other river valleys in the Pacific Northwest with similar glacial deposits and precipitation patterns.
\nTo understand the hazards posed by highly mobile landslides in the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), together with its project partners, the University of California, Berkeley Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (UCB), and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), is undertaking a critically needed study to identify the geologic, hydrogeologic, and geotechnical conditions in which these large landslides initiate, as well as the processes responsible for the exceptional mobility of this, and potentially other, landslides in the region. One of the first study activities involves characterizing the stratigraphy and materials from which the landslide deposits are derived, so that the fundamental geotechnical nature of the soils can be understood. This understanding is required to begin identifying possible conditions leading to slope failure and their relation to the landslide's high mobility. In addition, detailed characterization of each stratigraphic unit encountered in initial geotechnical borings is needed to relate stratigraphy between borings for this study and as a part of ongoing investigations by WSDOT and other project partners.
\nThis report provides a description of the methods used to obtain and test the intact soil stratigraphy behind the headscarp of the March 22 landslide. Detailed geotechnical index testing results are presented for 24 soil samples representing the stratigraphy at 19 different depths along a 650 ft (198 m) soil profile. The results include (1) the soil's in situ water content and unit weight (where applicable); (2) specific gravity of soil solids; and (3) each sample's grain-size distribution, critical limits for fine-grain water content states (that is, the Atterberg limits), and official Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) designation. In addition, preliminary stratigraphy and geotechnical relations within and between soil units are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of California, Berkeley and the Washington State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Riemer, M.F., Collins, B.D., Badger, T.C., Toth, C., and Yu, Y.C., 2015, Geotechnical soil characterization of intact Quaternary deposits forming the March 22, 2014 SR-530 (Oso) landslide, Snohomish County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1089, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151089.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064901","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151089.jpg"},{"id":300692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/"},{"id":300693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1089/pdf/ofr20151089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"OF 2015-1089 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Snohomish County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55604529e4b0afeb70724147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riemer, Michael F.","contributorId":140577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riemer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13533,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineeering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Badger, Thomas C.","contributorId":140578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badger","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13534,"text":"Washington State Dept. of Transporation, Geotechnical Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toth, Csilla","contributorId":140579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toth","given":"Csilla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yu, Yat Chun","contributorId":140580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Yat","email":"","middleInitial":"Chun","affiliations":[{"id":13535,"text":"Univ. of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil and Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148004,"text":"sir20155072 - 2015 - Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:21:04","indexId":"sir20155072","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5072","title":"Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia","docAbstract":"Steady-state simulations using a revised regional groundwater-flow model based on MODFLOW were run to assess the potential long-term effects on the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) of pumping the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA) at well (36S048) near the City of Rincon in coastal Georgia near Savannah. Simulated pumping of well 36S048 at a rate of 1,000 gallons per minute (gal/min; or 1.44 million gallons per day [Mgal/d]) indicated a maximum drawdown of about 6.8 feet (ft) in the UFA directly above the pumped well and at least 1 ft of drawdown within a nearly 400-square-mile area (scenario A). Induced vertical leakage from the UFA provided about 99 percent of the water to the pumped well. Simulated pumping of well 36S048 indicated increased downward leakage in all layers above the LFA, decreased upward leakage in all layers above the LFA, increased inflow to and decreased outflow from lateral specified-head boundaries in the UFA and LFA, and an increase in the volume of induced inflow from the general-head boundary representing outcrop units. Water budgets for scenario A indicated that changes in inflows and outflows through general-head boundaries would compose about 72 percent of the simulated pumpage from well 36S048, with the remaining 28 percent of the pumped water derived from flow across lateral specified-head boundaries.
\nAdditional steady-state simulations were run to evaluate a pumping rate in the UFA of 292 gal/min (0.42 Mgal/d), which would produce the equivalent maximum drawdown in the UFA as pumping from well 36S048 in the LFA at a rate of 1,000 gal/min (called the drawdown offset; scenario B). Simulated pumping in the UFA for the drawdown offset produced about 6.7 ft of drawdown, comparable to 6.8 ft of drawdown in the UFA simulated in scenario A. Water budgets for scenario B also provided favorable comparisons with scenario A, indicating that 69 percent of the drawdown-offset pumpage (0.42 Mgal/d) in the UFA originates as increased inflow and decreased outflow across general-head boundaries from overlying units in the surficial and Brunswick aquifer systems and that the remaining simulated pumpage originates as flow across general- and specified-head boundaries within the UFA.
\nA steady-state simulation representing implementation of drawdown-offset-pumping reductions totaling 292 gal/min at Rincon UFA production wells 36S034 and 36S035 and pumping from the new LFA well 36S048 at 1,000 gal/min (scenario C) resulted in decreased magnitude and areal extent of drawdown in the UFA compared with scenario A. In the latter scenario, the LFA well was pumped without UFA drawdown-offset-pumping reductions. Water budgets for scenario C yielded percentage contributions from flow components that were consistent with those from scenario B. Specifically, 69 percent of the increased pumping in scenario C originated from general-head boundaries from overlying units of the surficial and Brunswick aquifer systems and the balance of flow was derived from general- and specified-head boundaries in the UFA. In all scenarios, the placement of model boundaries and type of boundary exerted the greatest control on overall groundwater flow and interaquifer leakage in the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rincon, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., and Clarke, J.S., 2015, Simulated effects of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Rincon, Effingham County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5072, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155072.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054209","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155072.jpg"},{"id":300690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5072/pdf/sir2015-5072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIR 2015-5072 Report"},{"id":300689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5072/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Effingham County","otherGeospatial":"Rincon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 31.785384226419566\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 32.21396296653795\n ],\n [\n -80.80307006835938,\n 32.21396296653795\n ],\n [\n -80.80307006835938,\n 31.785384226419566\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 31.785384226419566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5560452ce4b0afeb7072414b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, John S. jsclarke@usgs.gov","contributorId":400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"John","email":"jsclarke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156183,"text":"70156183 - 2015 - Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T15:01:35","indexId":"70156183","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape","docAbstract":"Context
\nThe Florida Everglades has diminished in size and its existing wetland hydrology has been altered. The endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) has nearly abandoned the Everglades, and its prey, the apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), has declined.
\nObjective
\nWe developed a population model (EverSnail) to understand apple snail response to inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in water depths over the Everglades landscape. EverSnail was developed as a tool to understand how apple snails respond to different hydrologic scenarios.
\nMethods
\nEverSnail is an age- and size-structured, spatially-explicit landscape model of P. paludosa in the Everglades. Landscape-level inputs are water depth and air temperature. We conducted sensitivity analyses by running EverSnail with ± 20 % the baseline value of eight parameters.
\nResults
\nEverSnail was sensitive to changes in survival and water depth associated with reproduction. The EverSnail population varied with changes and/or differences in depth generally consistent with empirical data; site-specific comparisons to field data proved less reliable. A simulated 3-year wet period resulted in a shift in apple snail distribution, but little change in total abundance over the landscape. In contrast, a simulated 3-year succession of relatively dry years resulted in overall lower snail abundances.
\nConclusions
\nComparisons of model output to empirical data indicate the need for more data to better understand, and eventually parameterize, several aspects of snail ecology in support of EverSnail. A primary value of EverSnail is its capacity to describe the relative response of snail abundance to alternative hydrologic scenarios considered for Everglades water management and restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0205-5","usgsCitation":"Darby, P., DeAngelis, D., Romanach, S.S., Suir, K.J., and Bridevaux, J.L., 2015, Modeling apple snail population dynamics on the Everglades landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1497-1510, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0205-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1497","endPage":"1510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056099","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 28.338230147025865\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.338230147025865\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -83.1060791015625,\n 25.199970890386023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6d5e4b058f706e53d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, Phil","contributorId":146459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darby","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16703,"text":"University of West Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":140419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suir, Kevin J. 0000-0003-1570-9648 suirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-9648","contributorId":4894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suir","given":"Kevin","email":"suirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridevaux, Joshua L.","contributorId":103567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridevaux","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159970,"text":"70159970 - 2015 - Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T16:47:25","indexId":"70159970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data","docAbstract":"Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is a program used for calculating the surface energy fluxes in lakes according to established literature methodologies. The program was developed in MATLAB for the rapid analysis of high-frequency data from instrumented lake buoys in support of the emerging field of aquatic sensor network science. To calculate the surface energy fluxes, the program requires a number of input variables, such as air and water temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and short-wave radiation. Available outputs for Lake Heat Flux Analyzer include the surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and latent heat and their corresponding transfer coefficients, incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation. Lake Heat Flux Analyzer is open source and can be used to process data from multiple lakes rapidly. It provides a means of calculating the surface fluxes using a consistent method, thereby facilitating global comparisons of high-frequency data from lake buoys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013","usgsCitation":"Woolway, R., Jones, I.D., Hamilton, D., Maberly, S.C., Muroaka, K., Read, J.S., Smyth, R.L., and Winslow, L., 2015, Automated calculation of surface energy fluxes with high-frequency lake buoy data: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 70, p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.04.013","text":"External Repository"},{"id":311960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Esthwaite Water, Lake Mendota, and Rotorua","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -2.989482879638672,\n 54.36975860652543\n ],\n [\n -2.992572784423828,\n 54.366258398299834\n ],\n [\n -2.9920578002929688,\n 54.36015732232432\n ],\n [\n -2.988109588623047,\n 54.35525580165397\n ],\n [\n -2.9863929748535156,\n 54.351454219750096\n ],\n [\n -2.9810714721679688,\n 54.34815256064472\n ],\n [\n -2.9769515991210938,\n 54.34875288203023\n ],\n [\n -2.9791831970214844,\n 54.35325501291539\n ],\n [\n -2.9790115356445312,\n 54.357856681363565\n ],\n [\n -2.985363006591797,\n 54.36805854264686\n ],\n [\n -2.988109588623047,\n 54.36995860941363\n ],\n [\n -2.989482879638672,\n 54.36975860652543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.40948486328125,\n 43.148593036691636\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 43.1430821780996\n ],\n [\n -89.45446014404297,\n 43.112262315469096\n ],\n [\n -89.47952270507812,\n 43.10825208628715\n ],\n [\n -89.48535919189453,\n 43.10399092988393\n ],\n [\n -89.48261260986327,\n 43.09170711357466\n ],\n [\n -89.46784973144531,\n 43.08042388708437\n ],\n [\n -89.44381713867186,\n 43.08293145035439\n ],\n [\n -89.43145751953125,\n 43.08894918346591\n ],\n [\n -89.42665100097656,\n 43.08017312511268\n ],\n [\n -89.41154479980469,\n 43.07766544894908\n ],\n [\n -89.39334869384766,\n 43.0766623497472\n ],\n [\n -89.37103271484375,\n 43.09095496313368\n ],\n [\n -89.36725616455078,\n 43.10875337930414\n ],\n [\n -89.37343597412108,\n 43.12454200781527\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 43.13406333787913\n ],\n [\n -89.3964385986328,\n 43.12980397869853\n ],\n [\n -89.40467834472655,\n 43.13256006851107\n ],\n [\n -89.40536499023438,\n 43.145837669496494\n ],\n [\n -89.40536499023438,\n 43.1470901245276\n ],\n [\n -89.40948486328125,\n 43.148593036691636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -183.68865966796872,\n -38.036194062376275\n ],\n [\n -183.73878479003906,\n -38.02970397219199\n ],\n [\n -183.7744903564453,\n -38.0367348772677\n ],\n [\n -183.7847900390625,\n -38.054038845116295\n ],\n [\n -183.78684997558594,\n -38.08485140639173\n ],\n [\n -183.7580108642578,\n -38.10592620640843\n ],\n [\n -183.76419067382812,\n -38.11727165830541\n ],\n [\n -183.7456512451172,\n -38.137256975913346\n ],\n [\n -183.73191833496094,\n -38.14157740624507\n ],\n [\n -183.702392578125,\n -38.12105308397729\n ],\n [\n -183.67218017578125,\n -38.091336607511735\n ],\n [\n -183.67149353027344,\n -38.04863179448705\n ],\n [\n -183.68179321289062,\n -38.03781649506998\n ],\n [\n -183.68865966796872,\n -38.036194062376275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c742e4b06a3ea36c67ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolway, R. Iestyn","contributorId":150345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn","affiliations":[{"id":18007,"text":"Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Ian D.","contributorId":150346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18007,"text":"Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David P.","contributorId":18633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maberly, Stephen C","contributorId":150348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maberly","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":18007,"text":"Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muroaka, Kohji","contributorId":150347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muroaka","given":"Kohji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18008,"text":"Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smyth, Robyn L","contributorId":150349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smyth","given":"Robyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":18009,"text":"Center for Environmental Policy, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. lwinslow@usgs.gov","contributorId":150344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke A.","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70186565,"text":"70186565 - 2015 - Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T16:00:56","indexId":"70186565","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral","docAbstract":"The depth-differentiation hypothesis proposes that the bathyal region is a source of genetic diversity and an area where there is a high rate of species formation. Genetic differentiation should thus occur over relatively small vertical distances, particularly along the upper continental slope (200–1000 m) where oceanography varies greatly over small differences in depth. To test whether genetic differentiation within deepwater octocorals is greater over vertical rather than geographical distances, Callogorgia delta was targeted. This species commonly occurs throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths ranging from 400 to 900 m. We found significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.042) across seven sites spanning 400 km of distance and 400 m of depth. A pattern of isolation by depth emerged, but geographical distance between sites may further limit gene flow. Water mass boundaries may serve to isolate populations across depth; however, adaptive divergence with depth is also a possible scenario. Microsatellite markers also revealed significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.434) between C. delta and a closely related species, Callogorgia americana, demonstrating the utility of microsatellites in species delimitation of octocorals. Results provided support for the depth-differentiation hypothesis, strengthening the notion that factors covarying with depth serve as isolation mechanisms in deep-sea populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2015.0008","usgsCitation":"Quattrini, A., Baums, I.B., Shank, T.M., Morrison, C., and Cordes, E.E., 2015, Testing the depth-differentiation hypothesis in a deepwater octocoral: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 282, no. 1807, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0008.","productDescription":"Article 20150008; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-062076","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","issue":"1807","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60273e4b09da6799ac687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quattrini, Andrea aquattrini@usgs.gov","contributorId":149599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quattrini","given":"Andrea","email":"aquattrini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baums, Iliana B. 0000-0001-6463-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-7308","contributorId":190566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baums","given":"Iliana","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":689600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shank, Timothy M.","contributorId":190567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shank","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. cmorrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl L.","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":689598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cordes, Erik E.","contributorId":37623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cordes","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16710,"text":"Temple University, Department of Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":689602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148371,"text":"70148371 - 2015 - Golden Eagle mortality at a utility-scale wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T13:14:22","indexId":"70148371","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden Eagle mortality at a utility-scale wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) mortality associated with wind energy turbines and infrastructure is under-reported and weakly substantiated in the published literature. I report two cases of mortality at a utility-scale renewable energy facility near Palm Springs, California. The facility has been in operation since 1984 and included 460 65KW turbines mounted on 24.4 m or 42.7 m lattice-style towers with 8 m rotor diameters. One mortality event involved a juvenile eagle that was struck and killed by a spinning turbine blade on 31 August, 1995. The tower was 24.4 m high. The other involved an immature female that was struck by a spinning blade on another 24.4 m tower on 17 April, 1997 and was later euthanized due to the extent of internal injuries. Other raptor mortalities incidentally observed at the site, and likely attributable to turbines, included three Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) found near turbines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Del Mar, CA","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., 2015, Golden Eagle mortality at a utility-scale wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California: Western Birds, v. 46, no. 1, p. 76-80.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058132","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2015May2910343333446Golden%20eagle%20mortality.pdf","text":"Article","size":"1.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Article"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gorgonio Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.01851844336969\n ],\n [\n -116.51550292968749,\n 34.01851844336969\n ],\n [\n -116.51550292968749,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f1582fe4b0dacf699eb962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148163,"text":"70148163 - 2015 - Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T09:31:13","indexId":"70148163","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk","docAbstract":"Animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. We studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of Lyme disease in the eastern United States. Lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. This led us to hypothesize that there are behavior differences between northern and southern nymphs that alter how readily they are collected, and how likely they are to transmit the etiological agent of Lyme disease to humans. To examine this question, we compared the questing behavior of I. scapularis nymphs originating from one northern (Lyme disease endemic) and two southern (non-endemic) US regions at field sites in Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Florida. Laboratory-raised uninfected nymphs were monitored in circular 0.2 m2 arenas containing wooden dowels (mimicking stems of understory vegetation) for 10 (2011) and 19 (2012) weeks. The probability of observing nymphs questing on these stems (2011), and on stems, on top of leaf litter, and on arena walls (2012) was much greater for northern than for southern origin ticks in both years and at all field sites (19.5 times greater in 2011; 3.6-11.6 times greater in 2012). Our findings suggest that southern origin I. scapularis nymphs rarely emerge from the leaf litter, and consequently are unlikely to contact passing humans. We propose that this difference in questing behavior accounts for observed geographic differences in the efficacy of the standard sampling techniques used to collect questing nymphs. These findings also support our hypothesis that very low Lyme disease incidence in southern states is, in part, a consequence of the type of host-seeking behavior exhibited by southern populations of the key Lyme disease vector.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","usgsCitation":"Arsnoe, I.M., Hickling, G.J., Ginsberg, H.S., McElreath, R., and Tsao, J.I., 2015, Different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064856","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659937e4b0d9246a9eb614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arsnoe, Isis M.","contributorId":140902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arsnoe","given":"Isis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickling, Graham J.","contributorId":140903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickling","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElreath, Richard","contributorId":140904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McElreath","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":140905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148087,"text":"ofr20151087 - 2015 - Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T10:04:39","indexId":"ofr20151087","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1087","title":"Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chronostratigraphic cross section presented herein is a contribution to the Western Interior Cretaceous (WIK) project of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program. It portrays the Cretaceous formations at 13 localities in a south-trending transect from northwestern Montana through western Wyoming, eastern Utah, and northeastern Arizona, to northwestern New Mexico. The localities are in the Rocky Mountains and on the Colorado Plateau and contain strata that were deposited along the western margin of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America. These strata are marine and nonmarine, mainly siliceous and calcareous, and of Aptian through Maastrichtian ages. They range in thickness from nearly 19,000 feet (ft) in southwestern Montana to about 1,500 ft thick in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
\nCretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, and eastern Utah disconformably overlie Jurassic rocks and locally include beds of either Aptian and Albian ages or Albian age. The Aptian beds consist of various lithologies of nonmarine origin. Albian beds consist of various nonmarine and marine lithologies. The Lower Cretaceous strata range in thickness from 4,300 ft in northern Utah to 180 ft in southern Utah and are absent at localities in Arizona and New Mexico.
\nUpper Cretaceous strata at most localities in the transect include beds of Cenomanian through Maastrichtian ages, although at five of the localities in Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, younger strata are missing. Beds of Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian ages in the region are siliceous, calcareous, or bentonitic and were deposited in marine and nonmarine environments. In the following Maastrichtian, siliceous lithologies accumulated in nonmarine environments. Thicknesses of the Upper Cretaceous strata range from more than 17,000 ft in southwestern Montana to nearly 6,000 ft in northwestern New Mexico.
\nIn this transect for time-stratigraphic units of the Cretaceous, lateral changes in lithologies, regional differences in thicknesses, and the abundance of associated disconformities possibly reflect local and regional tectonic events. Examples of evidence of those events follow: (1) Disconformities and the absence of strata of lowest Cretaceous age in western Montana, western Wyoming, and northern Utah indicate significant tectonism and erosion probably during the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous; ( 2) stages of Upper Cretaceous deposition in the transect display major lateral changes in thickness, which probably reflect regional and local tectonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151087","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E.A., and McKinney, K.C., 2015, Chronostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous formations in western Montana, western Wyoming, eastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico, U.S.A.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1087, Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151087.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Map: 72.0 x 37.5 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055213","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151087.jpg"},{"id":300666,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"296 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300667,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/"},{"id":300665,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1087/pdf/ofr2015-1087_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"493 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map","linkHelpText":"Tables 1 and 2 included on this plate"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ],\n [\n -113.367919921875,\n 48.87194147722911\n ],\n [\n -113.038330078125,\n 46.60794102560568\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 44.68818283842486\n ],\n [\n -110.72090148925781,\n 45.11981058437286\n ],\n [\n -110.49224853515625,\n 43.48281929474004\n ],\n [\n -110.40435791015625,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -111.32720947265624,\n 40.8595252289932\n ],\n [\n -110.76141357421875,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -109.11432266235352,\n 39.17997767829162\n ],\n [\n -111.93145751953125,\n 37.555465068186955\n ],\n [\n -110.07202148437499,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 36.81808022778526\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -108.402099609375,\n 36.589068371399115\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -112.11891174316406,\n 37.575603207605845\n ],\n [\n -109.45678710937499,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 39.554883059924016\n ],\n [\n -111.55929565429688,\n 40.95708558389897\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 41.86547012230937\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -112.64556884765624,\n 44.558184901080324\n ],\n [\n -113.28689575195312,\n 46.71256084516052\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 48.86832824998009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555ef39de4b0a92fa7eb9662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E. Allen merewether@usgs.gov","contributorId":3586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.","email":"merewether@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinney, Kevin C. kcmckinney@usgs.gov","contributorId":3406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Kevin","email":"kcmckinney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148109,"text":"fs20153040 - 2015 - Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T14:52:12","indexId":"fs20153040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3040","title":"Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) is a multidisciplinary and interagency effort focused on the protection and restoration of the Great Lakes (GL) using the best available science and applying lessons learned from previous studies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) contributes to the GLRI effort by providing resource managers with information and tools needed to meet restoration goals. This includes contributing scientific expertise and delivering findings to the GL community through meaningful information products.
\nOne of the strengths of the GLRI is its interagency approach; however, this can create challenges when coordinating the large number of restoration activities being performed by GL governments, tribes, academics, nonprofits, and industry. There is a vast array of data being produced by both the USGS and its partners, and it is crucial that scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public can easily locate the biological, geological, geospatial, and water-resources data being generated.
\nThe USGS strives to develop data products that are easy to find, easy to understand, and easy to use through Web-accessible tools that allow users to learn about the breadth and scope of GLRI activities being undertaken by the USGS and its partners. By creating tools that enable data to be shared and reused more easily, the USGS can encourage collaboration and assist the GL community in finding, interpreting, and understanding the information created during GLRI science activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153040","usgsCitation":"Lucido, J., and Bruce, J.L., 2015, Tools for discovering and accessing Great Lakes scientific data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153040.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065137","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153040.jpg"},{"id":300653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3040/"},{"id":300654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3040/pdf/fs2015-3040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.6376953125,\n 50.45750402042058\n ],\n [\n -90.68115234375,\n 49.52520834197442\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -92.8564453125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -89.23095703125,\n 46.437856895024204\n ],\n [\n -89.36279296875,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -88.13232421875,\n 41.19518982948959\n ],\n [\n -85.53955078125,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 40.59727063442024\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -74.50927734375,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -80.44189453125,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 50.41551870402678\n ],\n [\n -88.6376953125,\n 50.45750402042058\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555ef3a1e4b0a92fa7eb9664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruce, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-4915-5567 jlbruce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-5567","contributorId":132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173775,"text":"70173775 - 2015 - Agonistic behavior among three stocked trout species in a novel reservoir fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T15:53:23","indexId":"70173775","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agonistic behavior among three stocked trout species in a novel reservoir fish community","docAbstract":"The popularity of reservoirs to support sport fisheries has led to the stocking of species that did not co-evolve, creating novel reservoir fish communities. In Utah, the Bear Lake strain of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah and tiger trout (female Brown Trout Salmo trutta × male Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) are being more frequently added to a traditional stocking regimen consisting primarily of Rainbow TroutO. mykiss. Interactions between these three predatory species are not well understood, and studies evaluating community interactions have raised concern for an overall decrease of trout condition. To evaluate the potential for negative interactions among these species, we tested aggression in laboratory aquaria using three-species and pairwise combinations at three densities. Treatments were replicated before and after feeding. During the three-species trials Rainbow Trout initiated 24.8 times more aggressive interactions than Cutthroat Trout and 10.2 times more aggressive interactions than tiger trout, and tiger trout exhibited slightly (1.9 times) more aggressive initiations than Cutthroat Trout. There was no significant difference in behavior before versus after feeding for any species, and no indication of increased aggression at higher densities. Although Rainbow Trout in aquaria may benefit from their bold, aggressive behavior, given observations of decreased relative survival in the field, these benefits may be outweighed in reservoirs, possibly through unnecessary energy expenditure and exposure to predators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1017126","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., and Hafen, K., 2015, Agonistic behavior among three stocked trout species in a novel reservoir fish community: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1017126.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"556","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058150","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a652fe4b07657d1a11cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hafen, Konrad","contributorId":172290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hafen","given":"Konrad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144908,"text":"pp1813 - 2015 - Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T15:39:27","indexId":"pp1813","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1813","title":"Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is an element that occurs naturally, but evidence suggests that human activities have resulted in increased amounts being released to the atmosphere and land surface. When Hg is converted to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems, MeHg accumulates and increases in the food web so that some fish contain levels which pose a health risk to humans and wildlife that consume these fish. Reservoirs unlike natural lakes, are a part of river systems that are managed for flood control. Data compiled and interpreted for six flood-control reservoirs in Indiana showed a relation between Hg transport, MeHg formation in water, and MeHg in fish that was influenced by physical, chemical, and biological differences among the reservoirs. Existing information precludes a uniform comparison of Hg and MeHg in all reservoirs in the State, but factors and conditions were identified that can indicate where and when Hg and MeHg levels in reservoirs could be highest.
\nAs part of a statewide monitoring network for Hg and MeHg in Indiana streams, 66 water samples were collected from four reservoir tailwater sites (downstream near the dams) on a quarterly schedule for 5 years. The reservoirs were Brookville Lake, Cagles Mill Lake, J. Edward Roush Lake, and Mississinewa Lake. Particulate-bound Hg concentrations were significantly lower in tailwater samples than in samples from free-flowing streams in the statewide network. (Free-flowing streams were not affected by dams and were not upstream from these reservoirs.) These data indicated the reduced flow velocity of water upstream from dams was allowing particulate-bound Hg to settle out of the water in the reservoir pools. The concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg were significantly higher in the tailwater samples than in samples from free-flowing streams, and the MeHg to Hg ratios were significantly higher in summer than in other seasons.
\nTo evaluate the conditions related to MeHg formation, pools of three reservoirs (Brookville Lake, Monroe Lake, and Patoka Lake) were investigated during summer hydrologic conditions. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured from the water surface to the lake bottom at 10 to 17 transects across each reservoir to identify three thermal strata, defined by water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and depth. Depth-specific water samples were collected from these thermal strata throughout each reservoir, from the headwaters to the dam and from the tailwater. Mercury concentrations higher than 0.04 nanogram per liter (ng/L) were detected in all 53 samples, and MeHg concentrations higher than 0.04 ng/L were detected in 53 percent of the samples.
\nThe investigation found a zone of water below 8 or 9 meters, with temperatures less than 18 degrees Celsius and dissolved oxygen less than 3.5 milligrams per liter, extending through nearly half the reservoir area in Monroe Lake and Patoka Lake. This zone had abundant dissolved MeHg and concentration ratios of dissolved MeHg to Hg that ranged from 25 to 82 percent. This zone also had water with pH less than 7 and decreased dissolved sulfate, conditions indicating sulfate reduction by microorganisms that promoted a high potential for the conversion of Hg to MeHg. Reservoir outflow came from this zone at Monroe Lake and contributed to a tailwater concentration ratio for dissolved MeHg to Hg of 56 percent. Reservoir outflow at Patoka Lake was not from this zone, and dissolved MeHg was not detected in the tailwater. In contrast, samples from the summer pool at Brookville Lake had no MeHg detections even though Hg was detected, probably because the water pH higher than 7 inhibited sulfate reduction and did not promote the conversion of Hg to MeHg.
\nMercury and MeHg concentrations and the concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg in water varied among the six reservoirs in Indiana, and the differences were related to a combination of factors that could apply to other reservoirs. In areas with moderate to high rates of atmospheric Hg wet and dry deposition, Hg runoff and transport to streams and reservoirs was potentially highest for reservoirs with heavily forested watersheds in steep terrains of near-surface bedrock. Methylmercury concentrations and concentration ratios of MeHg to Hg were highest for reservoirs with the longest summer pools and highest inflow-to-outflow retention times, where water-chemistry conditions favoring sulfate reduction promoted conversion of Hg to MeHg.
\nMethylmercury (reported as Hg) in fish-tissue samples collected for the State fish consumption advisory program was used to describe MeHg food-web accumulation and magnification in the reservoirs. The highest percentages of fish-tissue samples with Hg concentrations that exceeded the criterion of 0.30 milligram per kilogram for protection of human health were from Monroe Lake (38 percent) and Patoka Lake (33 percent). A review of the number and size of fish species caught from these two reservoirs resulted in two implications for fish consumption by humans. First, the highest numbers of fish harvested for potential human consumption were species more likely to have MeHg concentrations lower than the human-health criterion (crappie, bluegill, and catfish). Second, although largemouth bass were likely to have MeHg concentrations higher than the human-health criterion, they were caught and released more often than they were harvested. However, the average size largemouth bass (in both reservoirs) and above-average size walleye (in Monroe Lake) that were harvested for potential human consumption were likely to have MeHg concentrations higher than the human-health criterion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1813","usgsCitation":"Risch, M.R., and Fredericksen, A.L., 2015, Mercury and methylmercury in reservoirs in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1813, vii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1813.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032724","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1813.jpg"},{"id":300624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1813/pdf/pp1813.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1813/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Brookville Lake, Cagles Mill Lake, J. 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1088","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 200 m) subsurface geology.
\nTomales Bay, approximately 20-km long and 1- to 2-km wide, formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault, which forms a right-lateral transform boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. The fault juxtaposes Cretaceous granitic rock to the southwest (exposed on Tomales Point) with the Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Complex to the northeast (exposed on the northeast coast of the Tomales Bay), and has an estimated slip rate of about 17 to 30 mm/yr in this area. The destructive great 1906 California earthquake (M7.8, 4/18/1906) is thought to have nucleated on the San Andreas Fault about 60 km to the south, offshore of San Francisco, with the rupture extending northward through Tomales Bay and for an additional about 230 km to the south flank of Cape Mendocino.
\nThe northwest coast of Tomales Point is characterized by steep, high (as much as 100 m), barren, granitic cliffs and a rugged shoreline with a few small pocket beaches. There has been as much as 48 m of Tomales Point cliff retreat from 1929–30 to 2002. The granite is overlain by less resistant Tertiary sandstones at Kehoe Beach, the northern end of a continuous, wide, sandy beach backed by a large coastal dune field that extends for about 20 km south to Point Reyes Head. This long beach has a mixed history of accretion and retreat since the late 1800s.
\nTomales Point relief is asymmetrical so that most small coastal watersheds in the map area drain eastward from Inverness Ridge into Tomales Bay. Many of these steep drainages have small sandy beaches at their mouths. The east coast of Tomales Bay is characterized by more gentle, hummocky, hilly relief underlain by the landslide-prone Franciscan Complex. Keys Creek, the most prominent small watershed entering Tomales Bay from the east, has a small subaqueous delta at its mouth. Central Tomales Bay is relatively flat and underlain by fine sand and silt. The mouth of Tomales Bay is characterized by sand waves, dunes, and flats that have formed in response to strong tidal flow.
\nSand Point and Dillon Beach are located at the mouth of Tomales Bay and on the southeasternmost shores of Bodega Bay, respectively. The wide beach in this area is backed by an extensive (4.8 km2) sand-dune complex. The enormous volume of sand on the beach and in the dune field is derived from southward littoral drift. This sediment is trapped by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, which function as the south end of the Bodega Bay littoral cell.
\nThe continental shelf in California’s State Waters in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area extends to water depths of about 70 m (mean slope of about 0.7°) and is characterized by extensive, rugged, rocky seafloor. Granitic seafloor has a massive and fractured texture, whereas seafloor sedimentary rock outcrops commonly form distinctive “ribs” created by differential seafloor erosion of dipping beds of variable resistance. Direct sediment supply to this shelf is minimal because littoral drift is blocked to the north by Tomales Bay and Tomales Point, and to the south by the Point Reyes headland.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the map area (and in the broader northern California region) is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre. Associated upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, resulting in high biological productivity. The current flow generally is southeastward during the spring and summer; however, during the fall and winter, the otherwise persistent northwest winds are sometimes weak or absent, causing the California Current to move farther offshore and the Davidson Current, a weaker, northward-flowing countercurrent, to become active. As a result, net flow over the continental shelf can be more southerly during the spring and summer and more northerly during the fall and winter.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the central California coast is exposed to four wave climate regimes—the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months (typically November through March), with wave heights at offshore buoys ranging from 2 to 10 m and wave periods ranging from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3 to 3 m) and similarly long periods (range 10 to 25 s). Northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year, while local wind waves are most common from October to April. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short periods (3 to 10 s).
\nPotential marine benthic habitats in the Offshore of Tomales Point map area range from unconsolidated continental-shelf sediment, to rocky continental-shelf substrate, to unconsolidated estuary sediments. Rocky-shelf outcrops and rubble are considered to be promising potential habitats for rockfish and lingcod, both of which are recreationally and commercially important species. Dynamic bedforms, such as the sand waves at the mouth of Tomales Bay, are considered potential foraging habitat for juvenile lingcod and possibly migratory fishes, as well as for forage fish such as Pacific sand lance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151088","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Kvitek, R.G., Manson, M., Endris, C.A., Dieter, B.E., Krigsman, L., Sliter, R.W., Lowe, E.N., and Chinn, J.L., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Tomales Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1088, Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151088.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 53 x 36 inches or smaller ; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055694","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151088.jpg"},{"id":399000,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101870.htm"},{"id":300622,"rank":14,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreTomalesPoint/data_catalog_OffshoreTomalesPoint.html","text":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","description":"Data Catalog—Offshore Tomales Point, California","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300620,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1088/pdf/ofr2015-1088_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 10","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Tomales Point Map Area, California By Stephen R. 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Such instruments have played a fundamental role in improving our understanding of earthquake source physics (Bocketal., 2011), earthquake engineering (Youdet al., 2004), and regional seismology (Zollo et al., 2010). Although strong‐motion accelerometers tend to have higher noise levels than high‐quality broadband velocity seismometers, their higher clip‐levels provide linear recordings at near‐field sites even for the largest of events where a collocated broadband sensor would no longer be able to provide onscale recordings (Clinton and Heaton, 2002).
\nRecently, the seismological community has begun to make use of strong‐motion accelerometer data even in the absence of large ground motions (e.g., Tibuleac et al., 2011). The noise floor of the instruments often limits the usefulness of strong‐motion accelerometer data in such studies, because it obscures first arrivals or can make the traces dominated by noise. When a strong‐motion accelerometer is deployed in a quiet setting, the noise floors of the digitizer and the accelerometer tend to dominate the other noise sources (Cauzzi and Clinton, 2013). This situation is unlike that using broadband sensors, in which site conditions are typically the largest contributing source of noise in seismic data, especially at long periods (Wilson et al., 2002). With the widespread deployment of strong‐motion accelerometers recorded on high resolution digitizers, it is now possible to get continuous high‐rate acceleration data in which the digitizer noise is not the dominant noise source (Cauzzi and Clinton, 2013).
\nTo better characterize the noise of a number of commonly deployed accelerometers in a standardized way, we conducted noise measurements on five different models of strong‐motion accelerometers. Our study was limited to traditional accelerometers (Fig. 1) and is in no way exhaustive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0220150027","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., Evans, J.R., and Hutt, C.R., 2015, Self-noise models of five commercial strong-motion accelerometers: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 4, p. 1143-1147, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1147","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065493","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b6e4b09a3b01b5dab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147159,"text":"ofr20151083 - 2015 - Status and threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:05:07.028529","indexId":"ofr20151083","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-20T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1083","title":"Status and threats analysis for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris), 2012","docAbstract":"The endangered West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), especially the Florida subspecies (T. m. latirostris), has been the focus of conservation efforts and extensive research since its listing under the Endangered Species Act. On the basis of the best information available as of December 2012, the threats facing the Florida manatee were determined to be less severe than previously thought, either because the conservation efforts have been successful, or because our knowledge of the demographic effects of those threats is increased, or both. Using the manatee Core Biological Model, we estimated the probability of the Florida manatee population on either the Atlantic or Gulf coast falling below 500 adults in the next 150 years to be 0.92 percent. The primary threats remain watercraft-related mortality and long-term loss of warm-water habitat. Since 2009, however, there have been a number of unusual events that have not yet been incorporated into this analysis, including several severely cold winters, a severe red-tide die off, and substantial loss of seagrass habitat in Brevard County, Fla. Further, the version of the Core Biological Model used in 2012 makes a number of assumptions that are under investigation. A revision of the Core Biological Model and an update of this quantitative threats analysis are underway as of 2015.
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