The native ecosystems of Hawai‘i have been severely degraded by the introduction of herbivorous mammals and a myriad of invasive plant species. Left unmanaged, most natural areas would continue along a trajectory towards domination by nonnative species; however, several projects have undertaken the daunting task of ecological restoration, four of which are the subject of Restoring Paradise by Robert Cabin: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge; Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park; the Auwahi dryland forest, Maui and Limahuli Garden and Preserve, Kaua‘i. After an introductory section discussing the setting and factors that have contributed to so much of the degradation and extinction of Hawai‘i’s native biota, Cabin outlines two different views of restoration in two central sections of the book: ad hoc, trial-and-error approaches versus the careful application of science to direct restoration. The time-tested methods of fence construction, ungulate removal, weed control, and replanting native species with the help of numerous volunteers and community support are presented in marked contrast to inconsistent applications of science in guiding restoration, and illustrated by some of the author’s unsuccessful research. The book is largely presented as a non-technical first-person account of travels and meetings with key personalities driving restoration projects. The philosophies of restoration practitioners are embedded in passages from interviews. Setbacks, obstacles, logistical constraints, and successes are narrated in between as Cabin revisits each of the restoration sites. The utility of science in restoration is frequently questioned by the author and sometimes abandoned by practitioners in favour of a ‘let-nature-take-its-course’ approach.
\nReview info: Restoring Paradise: Rethinking and Rebuilding Nature in Hawaii. By Robert J. Cabin, 2013. ISBN: 978-0822836931, 236 pp.
","largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Conservation Biology","language":"English","publisher":"Surrey Beatty","publisherLocation":"Chipping Norton, N.S.W.","doi":"10.1071/PCv21n2_BR","usgsCitation":"Hess, S.C., 2015, Book review: Restoring paradise: Rethinking and rebuilding nature in Hawaii: Pacific Conservation Biology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 168-171, https://doi.org/10.1071/PCv21n2_BR.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056757","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pcv21n2_br","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfc1e4b08400b1fe145d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steven C. 0000-0001-6403-9922 shess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":3156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steven","email":"shess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192765,"text":"70192765 - 2015 - A formalized approach to making effective natural resource management decisions for Alaska National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T12:45:02","indexId":"70192765","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A formalized approach to making effective natural resource management decisions for Alaska National Parks","docAbstract":"A fundamental goal of the National Park Service (NPS) is the long-term protection and management of resources in the National Park System. Reaching this goal requires multiple approaches, including the conservation of essential habitats and the identification and elimination of potential threats to biota and habitats. To accomplish these goals, the NPS has implemented the Alaska Region Vital Signs Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program to monitor key biological, chemical, and physical components of ecosystems at more than 270 national parks. The Alaska Region has four networks—Arctic, Central, Southeast, and Southwest. By monitoring vital signs over large spatial and temporal scales, park managers are provided with information on the status and trajectory of park resources as well as a greater understanding and insight into the ecosystem dynamics. While detecting and quantifying change is important to conservation efforts, to be useful for formulating remedial actions, monitoring data must explicitly relate to management objectives and be collected in such a manner as to resolve key uncertainties about the dynamics of the system (Nichols and Williams 2006). Formal decision making frameworks (versus more traditional processes described below) allow for the explicit integration of monitoring data into decision making processes to improve the understanding of system dynamics, thereby improving future decisions (Williams 2011).
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"MacCluskie, M.C., Romito, A., Peterson, J., and Lawler, J.P., 2015, A formalized approach to making effective natural resource management decisions for Alaska National Parks: Alaska Park Science, v. 14, no. 1, p. 9-13.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-062455","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347553,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v14-i1-c2.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"14","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c2e4b0dc0b45b45403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCluskie, Margaret C.","contributorId":50643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCluskie","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romito, Angela","contributorId":200147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romito","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175372,"text":"70175372 - 2015 - Review of the book Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in Ecology, by Thorsten Wiegand and Kirk A. Moloney","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T11:06:58","indexId":"70175372","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of the book Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in Ecology, by Thorsten Wiegand and Kirk A. Moloney","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13253-015-0197-2","usgsCitation":"Irvine, K.M., 2015, Review of the book Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in Ecology, by Thorsten Wiegand and Kirk A. Moloney: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 20, no. 2, p. 301-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-015-0197-2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"302","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061676","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad70e4b05e859bdfbad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159219,"text":"70159219 - 2015 - The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:45:44","indexId":"70159219","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008","docAbstract":"Time-varying fire-climate relationships may represent an important component of fire-regime variability, relevant for understanding the controls of fire and projecting fire activity under global-change scenarios. We used time-varying statistical models to evaluate if and how fire-climate relationships varied from 1902-2008, in one of the most flammable forested regions of the western U.S.A. Fire-danger and water-balance metrics yielded the best combination of calibration accuracy and predictive skill in modeling annual area burned. The strength of fire-climate relationships varied markedly at multi-decadal scales, with models explaining < 40% to 88% of the variation in annual area burned. The early 20th century (1902-1942) and the most recent two decades (1985-2008) exhibited strong fire-climate relationships, with weaker relationships for much of the mid 20th century (1943-1984), coincident with diminished burning, less fire-conducive climate, and the initiation of modern fire fighting. Area burned and the strength of fire-climate relationships increased sharply in the mid 1980s, associated with increased temperatures and longer potential fire seasons. Unlike decades with high burning in the early 20th century, models developed using fire-climate relationships from recent decades overpredicted area burned when applied to earlier periods. This amplified response of fire to climate is a signature of altered fire-climate-relationships, and it implicates non-climatic factors in this recent shift. Changes in fuel structure and availability following 40+ yr of unusually low fire activity, and possibly land use, may have resulted in increased fire vulnerability beyond expectations from climatic factors alone. Our results highlight the potential for non-climatic factors to alter fire-climate relationships, and the need to account for such dynamics, through adaptable statistical or processes-based models, for accurately predicting future fire activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., 2015, The changing strength and nature of fire-climate relationships in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., 1902-2008: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0127563: 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563.","productDescription":"e0127563: 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063794","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.35693359375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 48.58932584966972\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -109.9072265625,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -109.57763671875,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -110.76416015625,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -113.818359375,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -115.83984375,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -116.630859375,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 48.79239019646406\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -113.35693359375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08f5e4b011227bf1fdeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-5302-8280 jlittell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5302-8280","contributorId":4428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"jlittell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189598,"text":"70189598 - 2015 - An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:28:14","indexId":"70189598","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships","docAbstract":"Nonnative organisms in the ballast water of freshwater ships must be killed to prevent the spread of invasive species. The ideal ballast water treatment system (BWTS) would kill 100% of ballast water organisms with minimal residual toxicity to organisms in receiving waters. In the present study, the residual toxicity and chemistry of a BWTS was evaluated. Sodium hydroxide was added to elevate pH to >11.5 to kill ballast water organisms, then reduced to pH <9 by sparging with wet-scrubbed diesel exhaust (the source of CO2). Cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia), amphipods (Hyalella azteca), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 2 d to BWTS water under an air atmosphere (pH drifted to ≥9) or a 2.5% CO2 atmosphere (pH 7.5–8.2), then transferred to control water for 5 d to assess potential delayed toxicity. Chemical concentrations in the BWTS water met vessel discharge guidelines with the exception of concentrations of copper. There was little to no residual toxicity to cladocerans or fish, but the BWTS water was toxic to amphipods. Maintaining a neutral pH and diluting BWTS water by 50% eliminated toxicity to the amphipods. The toxicity of BWTS water would likely be minimal because of rapid dilution in the receiving water, with subsurface release likely preventing pH rise. This BWTS has the potential to become a viable method for treating ballast water released into freshwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2943","usgsCitation":"Elskus, A., Ingersoll, C.G., Kemble, N.E., Echols, K.R., Brumbaugh, W.G., Henquinet, J.W., and Watten, B.J., 2015, An evaluation of the residual toxicity and chemistry of a sodium hydroxide-based ballast water treatment system for freshwater ships: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1405-1416, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2943.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1405","endPage":"1416","ipdsId":"IP-062138","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e27e4b0d1f9f0640772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henquinet, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":171741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henquinet","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159334,"text":"70159334 - 2015 - A new species of Cryptotis (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:21:24","indexId":"70159334","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of Cryptotis (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes","docAbstract":"The Sierra de Perijá is the northern extension of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes and includes part of the border between Colombia and Venezuela. The population of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae, Cryptotis) inhabiting the Sierra de Perijá previously was known from only a single skull from an individual collected in Colombia in 1989. This specimen had been referred to alternatively as C. thomasi and C. meridensis, but more precise definition of the known Colombian and Venezuelan species of Cryptotis has since excluded the Sierra de Perijá population from any named species. The recent collection of a specimen from the Venezuelan slope of Sierra de Perijá, prompted us to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of this population and determine its relationship with other Andean shrews. Our examination of the available specimens revealed that they possess a unique suite of morphological and morphometrical characters, and we describe the Sierra de Perijá population as a new species in the South American C. thomasi species group. Recognition of this new species adds to our knowledge of this genus in South America and to the biodiversity of the Sierra de Perijá.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyv085","usgsCitation":"Quiroga-Carmona, M., and Woodman, N., 2015, A new species of Cryptotis (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuelan-Colombian Andes: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 96, no. 4, p. 800-809, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv085.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"809","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062343","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Columbia, Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Sierra de Perija","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.29254150390625,\n 9.700935243407013\n ],\n [\n -73.29254150390625,\n 10.38246684741556\n ],\n [\n -72.59490966796875,\n 10.38246684741556\n ],\n [\n -72.59490966796875,\n 9.700935243407013\n ],\n [\n -73.29254150390625,\n 9.700935243407013\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08aae4b011227bf1fd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quiroga-Carmona, Marcial","contributorId":149354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quiroga-Carmona","given":"Marcial","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17716,"text":"Laboratorio de Paleontología, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apartado postal 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159048,"text":"70159048 - 2015 - Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T09:08:54","indexId":"70159048","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water","docAbstract":"We live in a world where biophysical and social processes are tightly coupled. Hydrologic systems change in response to a variety of natural and human forces such as climate variability and change, water use and water infrastructure, and land cover change. In turn, changes in hydrologic systems impact socioeconomic, ecological, and climate systems at a number of scales, leading to a coevolution of these interlinked systems. The Harvard Water Program, Hydrosociology, Integrated Water Resources Management, Ecohydrology, Hydromorphology, and Sociohydrology were all introduced to provide distinct, interdisciplinary perspectives on water problems to address the contemporary dynamics of human interaction with the hydrosphere and the evolution of the Earth’s hydrologic systems. Each of them addresses scientific, social, and engineering challenges related to how humans influence water systems and vice versa. There are now numerous examples in the literature of how holistic approaches can provide a structure and vision of the future of hydrology. We review selected examples, which taken together, describe the type of theoretical and applied integrated hydrologic analyses and associated curricular content required to address the societal issue of water resources sustainability. We describe a modern interdisciplinary science of hydrology needed to develop an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the connectedness between human and natural systems and to determine effective solutions to resolve the complex water problems that the world faces today. Nearly, every theoretical hydrologic model introduced previously is in need of revision to accommodate how climate, land, vegetation, and socioeconomic factors interact, change, and evolve over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017049","usgsCitation":"Vogel, R.M., Lall, U., Cai, X., Rajagopalan, B., Weiskel, P.K., Hooper, R.P., and Matalas, N.C., 2015, Hydrology: The interdisciplinary science of water: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 6, p. 4409-4430, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017049.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4409","endPage":"4430","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065855","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce77e4b06217fc478aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lall, Upmanu","contributorId":101172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lall","given":"Upmanu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cai, Ximing","contributorId":149230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Ximing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17685,"text":"University of Illinois, Champagne-Urbana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matalas, Nicholas C.","contributorId":34535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70191817,"text":"70191817 - 2015 - Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T10:46:02","indexId":"70191817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web","docAbstract":"Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus are typically top predators in their host ecosystems. The Skagit River in northwestern Washington State contains Bull Trout and Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytschapopulations that are among the largest in the Puget Sound region and also contains a regionally large population of steelhead O. mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout). All three species are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Our objective was to determine the trophic ecology of Bull Trout, especially their role as predators and consumers in the riverine food web. We seasonally sampled distribution, diets, and growth of Bull Trout in main-stem and tributary habitats during 2007 and winter–spring 2008. Consumption rates were estimated with a bioenergetics model to (1) determine the annual and seasonal contributions of different prey types to Bull Trout energy budgets and (2) estimate the potential impacts of Bull Trout predation on juvenile Pacific salmon populations. Salmon carcasses and eggs contributed approximately 50% of the annual energy budget for large Bull Trout in main-stem habitats, whereas those prey types were largely inaccessible to smaller Bull Trout in tributary habitats. The remaining 50% of the energy budget was acquired by eating juvenile salmon, resident fishes, and immature aquatic insects. Predation on listed Chinook Salmon and steelhead/Rainbow Trout was highest during winter and spring (January–June). Predation on juvenile salmon differed between the two study years, likely due to the dominant odd-year spawning cycle for Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha. The population impact on ocean- and stream-type Chinook Salmon was negligible, whereas the impact on steelhead/Rainbow Trout was potentially very high. Due to the ESA-listed status of Bull Trout, steelhead, and Chinook Salmon, the complex trophic interactions in this drainage provide both challenges and opportunities for creative adaptive management strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452","usgsCitation":"Lowery, E.D., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2015, Trophic ontogeny of fluvial Bull Trout and seasonal predation on Pacific Salmon in a riverine food web: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 4, p. 724-741, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"724","endPage":"741","ipdsId":"IP-058153","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 48.04136507445029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683be4b05fe04cd4d234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowery, Erin D.","contributorId":174525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowery","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189355,"text":"70189355 - 2015 - Preserving geomorphic data records of flood disturbances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:50:08","indexId":"70189355","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5458,"text":"GeoResJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving geomorphic data records of flood disturbances","docAbstract":"No central database or repository is currently available in the USA to preserve long-term, spatially extensive records of fluvial geomorphic data or to provide future accessibility. Yet, because of their length and continuity these data are valuable for future research. Therefore, we built a public accessible website to preserve data records of two examples of long-term monitoring (40 and 18 years) of the fluvial geomorphic response to natural disturbances. One disturbance was ∼50-year flood on Powder River in Montana in 1978, and the second disturbance was a catastrophic flood on Spring Creek following a ∼100-year rainstorm after a wildfire in Colorado in 1996.
Two critical issues arise relative to preserving fluvial geomorphic data. The first is preserving the data themselves, but the second, and just as important, is preserving information about the location of the field research sites where the data were collected so the sites can be re-located and re-surveyed in the future. The latter allows long-term datasets to be extended into the future and to provide critical background data for interpreting future landscape changes. Data were preserved on a website to allow world-wide accessibility and to upload new data to the website as they become available. We describe the architecture of the website, lessons learned in developing the website, future improvements, and recommendations on how also to preserve information about the location of field research sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.grj.2015.02.016","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Martin, D.A., and Meade, R., 2015, Preserving geomorphic data records of flood disturbances: GeoResJ, v. 6, p. 164-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.02.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-063822","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.02.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b492e4b0d1f9f05b3828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meade, Robert H. 0000-0002-4965-3040","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3040","contributorId":194493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meade","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193056,"text":"70193056 - 2015 - Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T17:00:37.96629","indexId":"70193056","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"In western North America, endangered black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes are conserved via reintroduction to colonies of prairie dogs Cynomys spp., their primary prey. Predation is an important source of mortality; coyotes Canis latrans appear to be the most problematic predator, accounting for 67% of known predation events on radio-tagged ferrets. Little is known about what factors affect spatial use of prairie dog colonies by coyotes, or how other animals might affect interactions between coyotes and ferrets. During June–October 2007–2008, we used spotlight surveys to monitor coyotes and ferrets (both years) and rabbits Sylvilagus spp. (first year) on a 452-ha colony of black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus in the Conata Basin, South Dakota. Coyotes appeared to select areas of the colony used by rabbits, suggesting coyotes hunted rabbits, a common item in their diet. Between midnight and sunrise, ferrets were most commonly observed during early morning (01:00–03:00 h), whereas coyotes were observed mostly during dawn (04:00 h – sunrise) when ferrets were rarely seen. These temporal differences in the timing of observations suggest ferrets tend to remain underground in burrows when coyotes are most active. Coyotes appeared to be attracted to rabbits in both space and time, suggesting the risk of predation for ferrets might relate to the abundance and locations of rabbits in prairie dog colonies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/jzo.12228","usgsCitation":"Eads, D., Biggins, D.E., and Livieri, T.M., 2015, Spatial and temporal use of a prairie dog colony by coyotes and rabbits: Potential indirect effects on endangered black-footed ferrets: Journal of Zoology, v. 296, no. 2, p. 146-152, https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12228.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"152","ipdsId":"IP-065671","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Conata Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.20486846045789,\n 43.69583510071038\n ],\n [\n -102.33775915230753,\n 43.797628895774494\n ],\n [\n -102.41871555079076,\n 43.813062147130296\n ],\n [\n -102.43399034295724,\n 43.79404560646648\n ],\n [\n -102.29308038522007,\n 43.696111198574556\n ],\n [\n -102.26214893108263,\n 43.690312876470955\n ],\n [\n -102.20486846045789,\n 43.69583510071038\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"296","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f83a3ee4b063d5d3098119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A.","contributorId":198976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":198977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178268,"text":"70178268 - 2015 - Biogeochemical aspects of uranium mineralization, mining, milling, and remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:14:31","indexId":"70178268","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical aspects of uranium mineralization, mining, milling, and remediation","docAbstract":"Natural uranium (U) occurs as a mixture of three radioactive isotopes: 238U, 235U, and 234U. Only 235U is fissionable and makes up about 0.7% of natural U, while 238U is overwhelmingly the most abundant at greater than 99% of the total mass of U. Prior to the 1940s, U was predominantly used as a coloring agent, and U-bearing ores were mined mainly for their radium (Ra) and/or vanadium (V) content; the bulk of the U was discarded with the tailings (Finch et al., 1972). Once nuclear fission was discovered, the economic importance of U increased greatly. The mining and milling of U-bearing ores is the first step in the nuclear fuel cycle, and the contact of residual waste with natural water is a potential source of contamination of U and associated elements to the environment. Uranium is mined by three basic methods: surface (open pit), underground, and solution mining (in situ leaching or in situ recovery), depending on the deposit grade, size, location, geology and economic considerations (Abdelouas, 2006). Solid wastes at U mill tailings (UMT) sites can include both standard tailings (i.e., leached ore rock residues) and solids generated on site by waste treatment processes. The latter can include sludge or “mud” from neutralization of acidic mine/mill effluents, containing Fe and a range of coprecipitated constituents, or barium sulfate precipitates that selectively remove Ra (e.g., Carvalho et al., 2007). In this chapter, we review the hydrometallurgical processes by which U is extracted from ore, the biogeochemical processes that can affect the fate and transport of U and associated elements in the environment, and possible remediation strategies for site closure and aquifer restoration.
This paper represents the fourth in a series of review papers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on geochemical aspects of UMT management that span more than three decades. The first paper (Landa, 1980) in this series is a primer on the nature of tailings and radionuclide mobilization from them. The second paper (Landa, 1999) includes coverage of research carried out under the U.S. Department of Energy’s Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program (UMTRA). The third paper (Landa, 2004) reflects the increased focus of researchers on biotic effects in UMT environs. This paper expands the focus to U mining, milling, and remedial actions, and includes extensive coverage of the increasingly important alkaline in situ recovery and groundwater restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.022","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., Gallegos, T.J., and Landa, E.R., 2015, Biogeochemical aspects of uranium mineralization, mining, milling, and remediation: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 206-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.022.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-053469","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff0e4b04d580bd43534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":654049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191949,"text":"70191949 - 2015 - Application of science-based restoration planning to a desert river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:13:13","indexId":"70191949","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of science-based restoration planning to a desert river system","docAbstract":"Persistence of many desert river species is threatened by a suite of impacts linked to water infrastructure projects that provide human water security where water is scarce. Many desert rivers have undergone regime shifts from spatially and temporally dynamic ecosystems to more stable systems dominated by homogenous physical habitat. Restoration of desert river systems could aid in biodiversity conservation, but poses formidable challenges due to multiple threats and the infeasibility of recovery to pre-development conditions. The challenges faced in restoring desert rivers can be addressed by incorporating scientific recommendations into restoration planning efforts at multiple stages, as demonstrated here through an example restoration project. In particular, use of a watershed-scale planning process can identify data gaps and irreversible constraints, which aid in developing achievable restoration goals and objectives. Site-prioritization focuses limited the resources for restoration on areas with the greatest potential to improve populations of target organisms. Investment in research to understand causes of degradation, coupled with adoption of a guiding vision is critical for identifying feasible restoration actions that can enhance river processes. Setting monitoring as a project goal, developing hypotheses for expected outcomes, and implementing restoration as an experimental design will facilitate adaptive management and learning from project implementation. Involvement of scientists and managers during all planning stages is critical for developing process-based restoration actions and an implementation plan to maximize learning. The planning process developed here provides a roadmap for use of scientific recommendations in future efforts to recover dynamic processes in imperiled riverine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0481-5","usgsCitation":"Laub, B.G., Jimenez, J., and Budy, P., 2015, Application of science-based restoration planning to a desert river system: Environmental Management, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1246-1261, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0481-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1246","endPage":"1261","ipdsId":"IP-053441","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Rafael River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5606689453125,\n 38.361041528596026\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 38.361041528596026\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 39.69239407904182\n ],\n [\n -111.5606689453125,\n 39.69239407904182\n ],\n [\n -111.5606689453125,\n 38.361041528596026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb5de4b09af898c8ccdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laub, Brian G.","contributorId":198569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laub","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jimenez, Justin","contributorId":198570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189347,"text":"70189347 - 2015 - Variability and trends in global drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:13:35","indexId":"70189347","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and trends in global drought","docAbstract":"Monthly precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the CRUTS3.1 data set are used to compute monthly P minus PET (PMPE) for the land areas of the globe. The percent of the global land area with annual sums of PMPE less than zero are used as an index of global drought (%drought) for 1901 through 2009. Results indicate that for the past century %drought has not changed, even though global PET and temperature (T) have increased. Although annual global PET and T have increased, annual global P also has increased and has mitigated the effects of increased PET on %drought.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2015EA000100","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2015, Variability and trends in global drought: Earth and Space Science, v. 2, no. 6, p. 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EA000100.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-065117","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015ea000100","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b492e4b0d1f9f05b382a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192719,"text":"70192719 - 2015 - Recent changes in annual area burned in interior Alaska: The impact of fire management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:52:49","indexId":"70192719","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent changes in annual area burned in interior Alaska: The impact of fire management","docAbstract":"The Alaskan boreal forest is characterized by frequent extensive wildfires whose spatial extent has been mapped for the past 70 years. Simple predictions based on this record indicate that area burned will increase as a response to climate warming in Alaska. However, two additional factors have affected the area burned in this time record: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) switched from cool and moist to warm and dry in the late 1970s and the Alaska Fire Service instituted a fire suppression policy in the late 1980s. In this paper a geographic information system (GIS) is used in combination with statistical analyses to reevaluate the changes in area burned through time in Alaska considering both the influence of the PDO and fire management. The authors found that the area burned has increased since the PDO switch and that fire management drastically decreased the area burned in highly suppressed zones. However, the temporal analysis of this study shows that the area burned is increasing more rapidly in suppressed zones than in the unsuppressed zone since the late 1980s. These results indicate that fire policies as well as regional climate patterns are important as large-scale controls on fires over time and across the Alaskan boreal forest.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/EI-D-14-0025.1","usgsCitation":"Calef, M., Varvak, A., McGuire, A.D., Chapin, F.S., and Reinhold, K.B., 2015, Recent changes in annual area burned in interior Alaska: The impact of fire management: Earth Interactions, v. 19, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-14-0025.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-056705","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-14-0025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -143.0419921875,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -143.0419921875,\n 67.13582938531948\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 67.13582938531948\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 62.12443624549497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c3e4b0dc0b45b45405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calef, M.P.","contributorId":55213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varvak, Anna","contributorId":200173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varvak","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapin, F. S. III","contributorId":16776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reinhold, K. B.","contributorId":200174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhold","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187299,"text":"70187299 - 2015 - Incidental captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a high-elevation Red Spruce forest in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T15:14:13","indexId":"70187299","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidental captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a high-elevation Red Spruce forest in Virginia","docAbstract":"Spilogale putorius (Eastern Spotted Skunk) is considered rare in the southern Appalachian Mountains and throughout much of its range. We report incidental captures of 6 Eastern Spotted Skunks in a high-elevation Picea rubens (Red Spruce) forest in southwestern Virginia during late February and March 2014. At 1520 m, these observations are the highest-elevation records for Eastern Spotted Skunk in the Appalachian Mountains. They are also the first known records of this species using Red Spruce forests in the southern Appalachians.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/045.022.0211","usgsCitation":"Diggins, C.A., Jachowski, D.S., Martin, J., and Ford, W.M., 2015, Incidental captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a high-elevation Red Spruce forest in Virginia: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 22, no. 2, p. N6-N10, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.022.0211.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"N6","endPage":"N10","ipdsId":"IP-058547","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030327e4b0e862d230f73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachowski, David S.","contributorId":82966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachowski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Jay","contributorId":169561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":16172,"text":"Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155009,"text":"70155009 - 2015 - Interpreting fluid pressure anomalies in shallow intraplate argillaceous formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-24T10:32:22","indexId":"70155009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting fluid pressure anomalies in shallow intraplate argillaceous formations","docAbstract":"Investigations have revealed several instances of apparently isolated highs or lows in pore fluid potential in shallow (< ~ 1 km depth) argillaceous formations in intraplate settings. Formations with the pressure anomalies are distinguished by (1) smaller ratios of hydraulic conductivity to formation thickness and (2) smaller hydraulic (or pressure) diffusivities than those without anomalies. This is consistent with transient Darcian flow caused by strain at rates of ~ 10−17 to 10-16 s-1, by significant perturbing events in the past 104 to 106 annum or by some combination of the two. Plausible causes include erosional downwasting, tectonic strain, and glaciation. In this conceptualization the anomalies provide constraints on formation-scale flow properties, flow history, and local geological forcing in the last 106 annum and in particular indicate zones of low permeability (10−19–10−22 m2) that could be useful for isolation of nuclear waste.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL064140","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 2015, Interpreting fluid pressure anomalies in shallow intraplate argillaceous formations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 12, p. 4801-4808, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064140.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4801","endPage":"4808","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065835","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b2e4b09a3b01b5daa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154825,"text":"70154825 - 2015 - Getting ocean acidification on decision makers' to-do lists: dissecting the process through case studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-08T13:08:06","indexId":"70154825","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Getting ocean acidification on decision makers' to-do lists: dissecting the process through case studies","docAbstract":"Much of the detailed, incremental knowledge being generated by current scientific research on ocean acidification (OA) does not directly address the needs of decision makers, who are asking broad questions such as: Where will OA harm marine resources next? When will this happen? Who will be affected? And how much will it cost? In this review, we use a series of mainly US-based case studies to explore the needs of local to international-scale groups that are making decisions to address OA concerns. Decisions concerning OA have been made most naturally and easily when information needs were clearly defined and closely aligned with science outputs and initiatives. For decisions requiring more complex information, the process slows dramatically. Decision making about OA is greatly aided (1) when a mixture of specialists participates, including scientists, resource users and managers, and policy and law makers; (2) when goals can be clearly agreed upon at the beginning of the process; (3) when mixed groups of specialists plan and create translational documents explaining the likely outcomes of policy decisions on ecosystems and natural resources; (4) when regional work on OA fits into an existing set of priorities concerning climate or water quality; and (5) when decision making can be reviewed and enhanced.
","language":"English","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2015.42","usgsCitation":"Cooley, S.R., Jewett, E.B., Reichert, J., Robbins, L.L., Shrestha, G., Wieczorek, D., and Weisberg, S., 2015, Getting ocean acidification on decision makers' to-do lists: dissecting the process through case studies: Oceanography, no. 2, p. 198-211, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.42.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060284","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.42","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"2","edition":"28","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"559e49abe4b0b94a64018f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Sarah R.","contributorId":145518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooley","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jewett, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":145519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jewett","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichert, Julie","contributorId":145520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reichert","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shrestha, Gyami","contributorId":145521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Gyami","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieczorek, Dan","contributorId":42022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weisberg, Stephen B.","contributorId":11110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70154782,"text":"70154782 - 2015 - Storm-influenced deltaic deposits of the Middle Jurassic Gaikema Sandstone in a measured section on the northern Iniskin Peninsula, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T14:30:21","indexId":"70154782","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Storm-influenced deltaic deposits of the Middle Jurassic Gaikema Sandstone in a measured section on the northern Iniskin Peninsula, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"Middle Jurassic strata of the Gaikema Sandstone were deposited about 170 million years ago on a delta that was located on the western shoreline of the Cook Inlet basin (Detterman and Hartsock, 1966; LePain and others, 2011, 2013). The delta was built by swift, sediment-laden rivers that flowed southeastward from a mountainous volcanic terrane west of the Bruin Bay fault (fig. 6-1). Upon reaching the edge of the Jurassic sea, the rivers dumped abundant sand, gravel, and mud into a depocenter on the northern Iniskin Peninsula, about 240 km southwest of Anchorage (figs. 6-1, 6-2). This report provides a preliminary description and interpretation of a detailed, 34-m-thick measured section in the Gaikema Sandstone on the south shore of Chinitna Bay at latitude 59.816°N, longitude 153.168°W (figs. 6-1–6-3). The sandstone in this measured section exhibits hummocky cross lamination and other features suggestive of storm-influenced deposition on the shallow-marine, seaward margin of the Gaikema delta. Our field studies of the Gaikema Sandstone were conducted during 2013 and 2014 as part of a collaborative effort by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), Alaska Division of Oil and Gas (DOG), and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide the public with reliable information on the geologic framework and petroleum resource potential of Cook Inlet basin (Gillis, 2013, 2014). Jurassic rocks in Cook Inlet, including the Gaikema Sandstone, are of economic interest because they could contain significant undiscovered petroleum resources (Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, 2011; Stanley and others, 2011a, 2011b, 2013a; LePain and others, 2013).
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/29461","collaboration":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and Alaska Division of Oil and Gas","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.G., Helmold, K.P., and LePain, D., 2015, Storm-influenced deltaic deposits of the Middle Jurassic Gaikema Sandstone in a measured section on the northern Iniskin Peninsula, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.14509/29461.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"29","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-062969","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/29461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305559,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/29461"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iniskin peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.42407226562497,\n 59.77437430143953\n ],\n [\n -153.34030151367188,\n 59.77990443169585\n ],\n [\n -153.24554443359375,\n 59.74601800002021\n ],\n [\n -153.3746337890625,\n 59.70309199431278\n ],\n [\n -153.42269897460938,\n 59.76746035005358\n ],\n [\n -153.42407226562497,\n 59.77437430143953\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3de4b0571647d19acd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmold, Kenneth P.","contributorId":69456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LePain, David L.","contributorId":105209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154749,"text":"70154749 - 2015 - Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:43:43","indexId":"70154749","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3649,"text":"Tree Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","title":"Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings","docAbstract":"Survival of tree seedlings at high elevations has been shown to be limited by thermal constraints on carbon balance, but it is unknown if carbon relations also limit seedling survival at lower elevations, where water relations may be more important. We measured and modeled carbon fluxes and water relations in first-year Pinus flexilis seedlings in garden plots just beyond the warm edge of their natural range, and compared these with dry-mass gain and survival across two summers. We hypothesized that mortality in these seedlings would be associated with declines in water relations, more so than with carbon-balance limitations. Rather than gradual declines in survivorship across growing seasons, we observed sharp, large-scale mortality episodes that occurred once volumetric soil-moisture content dropped below 10%. By this point, seedling water potentials had decreased below −5 MPa, seedling hydraulic conductivity had decreased by 90% and seedling hydraulic resistance had increased by >900%. Additionally, non-structural carbohydrates accumulated in aboveground tissues at the end of both summers, suggesting impairments in phloem-transport from needles to roots. This resulted in low carbohydrate concentrations in roots, which likely impaired root growth and water uptake at the time of critically low soil moisture. While photosynthesis and respiration on a leaf area basis remained high until critical hydraulic thresholds were exceeded, modeled seedling gross primary productivity declined steadily throughout the summers. At the time of mortality, modeled productivity was insufficient to support seedling biomass-gain rates, metabolism and secondary costs. Thus the large-scale mortality events that we observed near the end of each summer were most directly linked with acute, episodic declines in plant hydraulic function that were linked with important changes in whole-seedling carbon relations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpv045","usgsCitation":"Reinhardt, K., Germino, M.J., Kueppers, L.M., Domec, J., and Mitton, J., 2015, Linking carbon and water limitations to drought-induced mortality of Pinus flexilis seedlings: Tree Physiology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv045.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059360","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfb7e4b08400b1fe1411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":11949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":563947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579 mgermino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":3298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew","email":"mgermino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domec, Jean-Christophe","contributorId":146460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Domec","given":"Jean-Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitton, Jeffry","contributorId":145421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitton","given":"Jeffry","affiliations":[{"id":12502,"text":"University of Colorado - Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":563948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182182,"text":"70182182 - 2015 - Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T11:35:54","indexId":"70182182","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Hydrologic processes during extreme rainfall events are poorly characterized because of the rarity of measurements. Improved understanding of hydrologic controls on natural hazards is needed because of the potential for substantial risk during extreme precipitation events. We present field measurements of the degree of soil saturation and estimates of available soil-water storage during the September 2013 Colorado extreme rainfall event at burned (wildfire in 2010) and unburned hillslopes with north- and south-facing slope aspects. Soil saturation was more strongly correlated with slope aspect than with recent fire history; south-facing hillslopes became fully saturated while north-facing hillslopes did not. Our results suggest multiple explanations for why aspect-dependent hydrologic controls favor saturation development on south-facing slopes, causing reductions in effective stress and triggering of slope failures during extreme rainfall. Aspect-dependent hydrologic behavior may result from (1) a larger gravel and stone fraction, and hence lower soil-water storage capacity, on south-facing slopes, and (2) lower weathered-bedrock permeability on south-facing slopes, because of lower tree density and associated deep roots penetrating bedrock as well as less intense weathering, inhibiting soil drainage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G36741.1","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Rengers, F., and Tucker, G.E., 2015, Aspect-dependent soil saturation and insight into debris-flow initiation during extreme rainfall in the Colorado Front Range: Geology, v. 43, no. 8, p. 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36741.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"662","ipdsId":"IP-065569","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e2fe4b0ce4410e7d5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K.","contributorId":181893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":177811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156306,"text":"70156306 - 2015 - Plant-plant interactions in a subtropical mangrove-to-marsh transition zone: effects of environmental drivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T12:17:40","indexId":"70156306","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant-plant interactions in a subtropical mangrove-to-marsh transition zone: effects of environmental drivers","docAbstract":"Does the presence of herbaceous vegetation affect the establishment success of mangrove tree species in the transition zone between subtropical coastal mangrove forests and marshes? How do plant–plant interactions in this transition zone respond to variation in two primary coastal environmental drivers?
\nSubtropical coastal region of the southern United States.
\nWe conducted a greenhouse study to better understand how abiotic factors affect plant species interactions in the mangrove-to-marsh transition zone, or ecotone. We manipulated salinity (fresh, brackish or salt water) and hydrologic conditions (continuously saturated or 20-cm tidal range) to simulate ecotonal environments. Propagules of the mangroves Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa were introduced to mesocosms containing an established marsh community. Both mangrove species were also introduced to containers lacking other vegetation. We monitored mangrove establishment success and survival over 22 mo. Mangrove growth was measured as stem height and above-ground biomass. Stem height, stem density and above-ground biomass of the dominant marsh species were documented.
\nEstablishment success of A. germinans was reduced under saturated saltwater conditions, but establishment of L. racemosa was not affected by experimental treatments. There was complete mortality of A. germinans in mesocosms under freshwater conditions, and very low survival of L. racemosa. In contrast, survival of both species in monoculture under freshwater conditions exceeded 62%. The marsh species Distichlis spicata and Eleocharis cellulosa suppressed growth of both mangroves throughout the experiment, whereas the mangroves did not affect herbaceous species growth. The magnitude of growth suppression by marsh species varied with environmental conditions; suppression was often higher in saturated compared to tidal conditions, and higher in fresh and salt water compared to brackish water.
\nOur results indicate that herbaceous marsh species can suppress mangrove early seedling growth. Depending on species composition and density, marsh plants can slow mangrove landward migration under predicted climate change scenarios as salinity in freshwater and oligohaline wetlands increases with rising sea levels. Change in the relative coverage of mangrove forests and marshes will depend on both the ability of marsh species to migrate further inland as mangroves advance, and the ability of shoreline mangroves to adjust to rising sea level through accretionary processes.
\nThe sharp increase in seismicity over a broad region of central Oklahoma has raised concerns regarding the source of the activity and its potential hazard to local communities and energy-industry infrastructure. Efforts to monitor and characterize the earthquake sequences in central Oklahoma are reviewed. Since early 2010, numerous organizations have deployed temporary portable seismic stations in central Oklahoma to record the evolving seismicity. A multiple-event relocation method is applied to produce a catalog of central Oklahoma earthquakes from late 2009 into early 2015. Regional moment tensor (RMT) source parameters were determined for the largest and best-recorded earthquakes. Combining RMT results with relocated seismicity enabled determination of the length, depth, and style of faulting occurring on reactivated subsurface fault systems. It was found that the majority of earthquakes occur on near-vertical, optimally oriented (northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast) strike-slip faults in the shallow crystalline basement. In 2014, 17 earthquakes occurred with magnitudes of 4 or larger. It is suggested that these recently reactivated fault systems pose the greatest potential hazard to the region.
Environmental geochemistry is an integral part of the mine-life cycle, particularly for modern mining. The critical importance of environmental geochemistry begins with pre-mining baseline characterization and the assessment of environmental risks related to mining, continues through active mining especially in water and waste management practices, and culminates in mine closure. The enhanced significance of environmental geochemistry to modern mining has arisen from an increased knowledge of the impacts that historical and active mining can have on the environment, and from new regulations meant to guard against these impacts. New regulations are commonly motivated by advances in the scientific understanding of the environmental impacts of past mining. The impacts can be physical, chemical, and biological in nature. The physical challenges typically fall within the purview of engineers, whereas the chemical and biological challenges typically require a multidisciplinary array of expertise including geologists, geochemists, hydrologists, microbiologists, and biologists. The modern mine-permitting process throughout most of the world now requires that potential risks be assessed prior to the start of mining. The strategies for this risk assessment include a thorough characterization of pre-mining baseline conditions and the identification of risks specifically related to the manner in which the ore will be mined and processed, how water and waste products will be managed, and what the final configuration of the post-mining landscape will be.
In the Fall 2010, the Society of Economic Geologists held a short course in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado (USA) to examine the environmental geochemistry of modern mining. The intent was to focus on issues that are pertinent to current and future mines, as opposed to abandoned mines, which have been the focus of numerous previous short courses. The geochemical challenges of current and future mines share similarities with abandoned mines, but differences also exist. Mining and ore processing techniques have changed; the environmental footprint of waste materials has changed; environmental protection has become a more integral part of the mine planning process; and most historical mining was done with limited regard for the environment. The 17 papers in this special issue evolved from the Society of Economic Geologists’ short course.
The relevant geochemical processes encompass the source, transport, and fate of contaminants related to the life cycle of a mine. Contaminants include metals and other inorganic species derived from geologic sources such as ore and solid mine waste, and substances brought to the site for ore processing, such as cyanide to leach gold. Factors, such as mine-waste mineralogy, hydrologic setting, mine-drainage chemistry, and microbial activity, that affect the hydrochemical risks from mining are reviewed by Nordstrom et al. In another paper, Nordstrom discusses baseline characterization at mine sites in a regulatory framework, and emphasizes the influence of mineral deposits in producing naturally elevated concentrations of many trace elements in surface water and groundwater. Surface water quality in mineralized watersheds is influenced by a number of processes that act on daily (diel) cycles and can produce dramatic variations in trace element concentrations as described by Gammons et al. Pre-mining baseline characterization studies should strive to capture the magnitude of these diel variations. Desbarats et al., using a case study of mine drainage from a gold mine, illustrate how elements that commonly occur as negatively charged species (anions) in solution, such as arsenic as arsenate, behave in an opposite fashion than most metals, which occur as positively charged species (cations). Significant improvement in the understanding of factors that influence the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms in surface water has highlighted the importance of aqueous chemistry, particularly dissolved organic carbon, as described by Smith et al. Stream sediment contamination is another important pathway for affecting aquatic organisms, as reviewed by Besser et al. Understanding and predicting environmental consequences from mining begins with knowing the mineralogy and mineral reactivity of the ore, the wastes, and of secondary minerals formed later. Jamieson et al. review the importance of mineralogical studies in mine planning and remediation. A number of types of site-specific studies are needed to identify environmental risks related to individual mines. Lapakko reviews the general framework of mine waste characterization studies that are integral to the mine planning process. Hageman et al. present a comparative study of several static tests commonly used to characterize mine waste.
The mining and ore processing practices employed at a specific mine site will vary on the basis of the commodities being targeted, the geology of the deposit, the geometry of the deposit, and the mining and ore processing methods used. Thus, these factors, in addition to the waste management practices used, can result in a variety of end-member mine waste features, each of which has its own set of challenges. Open pit mines and underground mines require waste rock to be removed to access ore. Waste rock presents unique problems because the rock is commonly mineralized at sub-economic grades and has not been processed to remove potentially problematic minerals, such as pyrite. Amos et al. examine the salient aspects of the geochemistry of waste rock. Mill tailings – the waste material after ore minerals have been removed – are a volumetrically important solid waste at many mine sites. Their fine grain size and the options for their management make their behavior in the environment distinct from that of waste rock. Lindsay et al. describe some of these differences through three case-study examples. Subaqueous disposal of tailings is another option described by Moncur et al. Cyanide leaching for gold extraction is a common method throughout the world. Johnson describes environmental aspects of cyanidation. Uranium mining presents unique environmental challenges, particularly since in-situ recovery has seen widespread use. Campbell et al. review the environmental geochemistry of uranium mining and current research on bioremediation. Ore concentrates from many types of metal mining undergo a pyrometallurgical technique known as smelting to extract the metal. Slag is the result of smelting, and it may be an environmental liability or a valuable byproduct, as described by Piatak et al. Finally, the open pits that result from surface mining commonly reach below the water table. At the end of mining, these pits may fill to form lakes that become part of the legacy of the mine. Castendyk et al., in two papers, review theoretical aspects of the environmental limnology of pit lakes. They also describe approaches that have been used to model pit lake water balance, wall-rock contributions to pit lake chemistry, pit lake water quality, and limnological processes, such as vertical mixing, through the use of three case studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.019","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2015, Applied Geochemistry Special Issue on Environmental geochemistry of modern mining: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.019.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","ipdsId":"IP-063499","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502ae4b05fe04cc34d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":711702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155032,"text":"70155032 - 2015 - Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T10:56:58","indexId":"70155032","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host","docAbstract":"Since the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in the eastern hemisphere, numerous surveillance programs and studies have been undertaken to detect the occurrence, distribution, or spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild bird populations worldwide. To identify demographic determinants and spatiotemporal patterns of AIV infection in long distance migratory waterfowl in North America, we fitted generalized linear models with binominal distribution to analyze results from 13,574 blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE) sampled in 2007 to 2010 year round during AIV surveillance programs in Canada and the United States. Our analyses revealed that during late summer staging (July-August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year (HY) birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year (AHY) birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding period), likely due to maturing immune systems and newly acquired immunity of HY birds. Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in late summer prior to fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible HY birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Central and Mississippi flyways were more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Seasonal cycles and spatial variation of AIV infection were largely driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in HY birds, which had more prominent cycles and spatial variation in infection compared to AHY birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US, while illustrating the importance of migratory host life cycle and age in driving cyclical patterns of prevalence.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130662","usgsCitation":"Nallar, R., Papp, Z., Epp, T., Leighton, F.A., Swafford, S.R., DeLiberto, T.J., Dusek, R., Ip, S., Hall, J.S., Berhane, Y., Gibbs, S., and Soos, C., 2015, Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 6, e0130662: 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130662.","productDescription":"e0130662: 14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056734","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130662","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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E.J.","contributorId":127739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Samantha E.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7128,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soos, Catherine","contributorId":99042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soos","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70136073,"text":"70136073 - 2015 - A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T11:48:00","indexId":"70136073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A","docAbstract":"Apparent changes in vegetation distribution, fire, and other disturbance regimes throughout western North America have prompted investigations of the relative importance of human activities and climate change as potential causal mechanisms. Assessing the effects of Euro-American settlement is difficult because climate changes occur on multi-decadal to centennial time scales and require longer time perspectives than historic observations can provide. Here, we report vegetation and environmental changes over the past ~13,000 years as recorded in a sediment record from Bison Lake, a subalpine lake on a high plateau in northwestern Colorado. Results are based on multiple independent proxies, which include pollen, charcoal, and elemental geochemistry, and are compared with previously reported interpretations of hydroclimatic changes from oxygen isotope ratios. The pollen data indicate a slowly changing vegetation sequence from sagebrush steppe during the late glacial to coniferous forest through the late Holocene. The most dramatic vegetation changes of the Holocene occurred during the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ (MCA) and ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) with rapid replacement of conifer forest by grassland followed by an equally rapid return to conifer forest. Late Holocene vegetation responses are mirrored by changes in fire, lake biological productivity, and watershed erosion. These combined records indicate that subsequent disturbance related to Euro-American settlement, although perhaps significant, had acted upon a landscape that was already responding to MCA-LIA hydroclimatic change. Results document both rapid and long-term subalpine grassland ecosystem dynamics driven by agents of change that can be anticipated in the future and simulated by ecosystem models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/0959683615574583","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Brunelle, A., and Thompson, R.S., 2015, A multi-proxy record of hydroclimate, vegetation, fire, and post-settlement impacts for a subalpine plateau, Central Rocky Mountains U.S.A: The Holocene, v. 25, no. 6, p. 932-943, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615574583.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"943","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058200","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceaee4b0811616822299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunelle, Andrea","contributorId":131053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunelle","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7215,"text":"University of Utah Dept. of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}