Groundwater and stream water data collected at three headwater catchments in the Neversink River watershed indicate that base flow is sustained by groundwater from two sources: a shallow flow system within the till and soil and a deep flow system within bedrock fractures and bedding planes that discharges as perennial springs. Data from eight wells finished near the till/bedrock interface indicate that saturated conditions are not maintained in the shallow flow system during most summers. In contrast, the discharge of a perennial spring remained constant during two summer rainstorms, providing evidence that the deep flow system is disconnected from the shallow flow system in summer. Discharge from perennial springs was the principal source of streamflow in a headwater reach during low flow. Mean NO3− concentrations were 20–25 μmol L−1 in five perennial springs during the summer but only 5–10 μmol L−1 in shallow groundwater. Thus the deep flow system does not reflect typical NO3− concentrations in the soil during summer. A hydrologic budget at a headwater drainage reveals that March and late fall are the principal groundwater recharge periods. Residence time modeling based on analyses of 18O and 35S indicates that groundwater in the deep flow system is 6–22 months old. These data indicate that summer base flow largely originates from previous dormant seasons when available soil NO3− is greater. In these Catskill watersheds, high base flow concentrations of NO3− during summer do not provide sufficient evidence that the atmospheric N deposition rate exceeds the demand of terrestrial vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01282","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Murdoch, P.S., Lawrence, G.B., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1987-1996, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01282.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"1996","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr01282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e6e4b0c8380cd50ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020571,"text":"70020571 - 1998 - A refined succession of Changhsingian and Griesbachian neogondolellid conodonts from the Meishan section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:47","indexId":"70020571","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A refined succession of Changhsingian and Griesbachian neogondolellid conodonts from the Meishan section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary","docAbstract":"A detailed study of new conodont collections from the Changxing Formation at the Meishan section has resulted in taxonomic refinement of several important neogondolellid species. Most of the previously erected species are much more strictly redefined, mainly based on the denticulation of the holotypes, and the stratigraphic ranges attributed to key conodont taxa are modified. Three new species and two new subspecies, all of which are form-species, are tentatively erected and described mainly for the purpose of taxonomic explanation. As a result of the taxonomic refinement, six neogondolellid conodont zones are recognized for the Changxing Formation and the Permian-Triassic boundary interval.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00112-6","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Mei, S., Zhang, K., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1998, A refined succession of Changhsingian and Griesbachian neogondolellid conodonts from the Meishan section, candidate of the global stratotype section and point of the Permian-Triassic boundary, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 143, no. 4, p. 213-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00112-6.","startPage":"213","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00112-6"},{"id":230910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e541e4b0c8380cd46c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mei, S.","contributorId":23304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mei","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, K.","contributorId":71724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020861,"text":"70020861 - 1998 - Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:26:35","indexId":"70020861","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","docAbstract":"Four alpine streams were monitored to continuously collect stream temperature and streamflow for periods ranging from a week to a year. In a small stream in the Colorado Rockies, diurnal variations in both stream temperature and streamflow were significantly greater in losing reaches than in gaining reaches, with minimum streamflow losses occurring early in the day and maximum losses occurring early in the evening. Using measured stream temperature changes, diurnal streambed infiltration rates were predicted to increase as much as 35% during the day (based on a heat and water transport groundwater model), while the measured increase in streamflow loss was 40%. For two large streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, annual stream temperature variations ranged from 0° to 25°C. In summer months, diurnal stream temperature variations were 30–40% of annual stream temperature variations, owing to reduced streamflows and increased atmospheric heating. Previous reports document that one Sierra stream site generally gains groundwater during low flows, while the second Sierra stream site may lose water during low flows. For August the diurnal streamflow variation was 11% at the gaining stream site and 30% at the losing stream site. On the basis of measured diurnal stream temperature variations, streambed infiltration rates were predicted to vary diurnally as much as 20% at the losing stream site. Analysis of results suggests that evapotranspiration losses determined diurnal streamflow variations in the gaining reaches, while in the losing reaches, evapotranspiration losses were compounded by diurnal variations in streambed infiltration. Diurnal variations in stream temperature were reduced in the gaining reaches as a result of discharging groundwater of relatively constant temperature. For the Sierra sites, comparison of results with those from a small tributary demonstrated that stream temperature patterns were useful in delineating discharges of bank storage following dam releases. Direct coupling may have occurred between streamflow and stream temperature for losing stream reaches, such that reduced streamflows facilitated increased afternoon stream temperatures and increased afternoon stream temperatures induced increased streambed losses, leading to even greater increases in both stream temperature and streamflow losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00998","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1998, Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020575,"text":"70020575 - 1998 - Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines and their use for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:51:43.001013","indexId":"70020575","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines and their use for paleohydrology and paleoclimatology","docAbstract":"Sphaerosiderite, a morphologically distinct millimeter-scale spherulitic siderite (FeCO3), forms predominantly in wetland soils and sediments, and is common in the geologic record. Ancient sphaerosiderites are found in paleosol horizons within coal-bearing stratigraphic intervals and, like their modern counterparts, are interpreted as having formed in water-saturated environments. Here we report on sphaerosiderites from four different stratigraphic units, each of which has highly variable 13C and relatively stable 18C compositions. The unique isotopic trends are analogous to well-documented meteoric calcite lines, which we define here as meteoric sphaerosiderite lines. Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines provide a new means of constraining ground-water δ18O and thus allow evaluation of paleohydrology and paleoclimate in humid continental settings.
We investigate the dynamics of rupture at low-stress level. We show that one main difference between the dynamics of high- and low-stress events is the amount of coseismic temporal rake rotation occurring at given points on the fault. Curved striations on exposed fault surfaces and earthquake dislocation models derived from ground-motion inversion indicate that the slip direction may change with time at a point on the fault during dynamic rupture. We use a 3D boundary integral method to model temporal rake variations during dynamic rupture propagation assuming a slip-weakening friction law and isotropic friction. The points at which the slip rotates most are characterized by an initial shear stress direction substantially different from the average stress direction over the fault plane. We show that for a given value of stress drop, the level of initial shear stress (i.e., the fractional stress drop) determines the amount of rotation in slip direction. We infer that seismic events that show evidence of temporal rake rotations are characterized by a low initial shear-stress level with spatially variable direction on the fault (possibly due to changes in fault surface geometry) and an almost complete stress drop.
Our models motivate a new interpretation of curved and cross-cutting striations and put new constraints on their analysis. The initial rake is in general collinear with the initial stress at the hypocentral zone, supporting the assumptions made in stress-tensor inversion from first-motion analysis. At other points on the fault, especially away from the hypocenter, the initial slip rake may not be collinear with the initial shear stress, contradicting a common assumption of structural geology. On the other hand, the later part of slip in our models is systematically more aligned with the average stress direction than the early slip. Our modeling suggests that the length of the straight part of curved striations is usually an upper bound of the slip-weakening distance if this parameter is uniform over the fault plane, and the direction of the late part of slip of curved striations should have more weight in the estimate of initial stress direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880030777","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Guatteri, M., and Spudich, P., 1998, Coseismic temporal changes of slip direction: The effect of absolute stress on dynamic rupture: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 3, p. 777-789, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880030777.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"789","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5de4b0c8380cd4e252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020858,"text":"70020858 - 1998 - Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T16:11:55","indexId":"70020858","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","docAbstract":"An extended Kalman filter was developed to automate the real-time estimation of ice-affected streamflow on the basis of routine measurements of stream stage and air temperature and on the relation between stage and streamflow during open-water (ice-free) conditions. The filter accommodates three dynamic modes of ice effects: sudden formation/ablation, stable ice conditions, and eventual elimination. The utility of the filter was evaluated by applying it to historical data from two long-term streamflow-gauging stations, St. John River at Dickey, Maine and Platte River at North Bend, Nebr. Results indicate that the filter was stable and that parameters converged for both stations, producing streamflow estimates that are highly correlated with published values. For the Maine station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 87.2% of the time during periods of ice effects and within 15% 96.6% of the time. Similarly, for the Nebraska station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 90.7% of the time and within 15% 97.7% of the time. In addition, the correlation between temporal updates and published streamflows on days of direct measurements at the Maine station was 0.777 and 0.998 for ice-affected and open-water periods, respectively; for the Nebraska station, corresponding correlations were 0.864 and 0.997.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Grewal, M., 1998, Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 3, no. 3, p. 174-181, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174).","startPage":"174","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b23e4b0c8380cd525ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grewal, M.S.","contributorId":108274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grewal","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021152,"text":"70021152 - 1998 - Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:43:36.905472","indexId":"70021152","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","docAbstract":"Radiogenic heat production within the sedimentary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin is a significant source of heat. Radiogenic heat should be included in thermal models of this basin (and perhaps other sedimentary basins). We calculate that radiogenic heat may contribute up to 26% of the overall surface heat-flow density for an area in south Texas. Based on measurements of the radioactive decay rate of a-particles, potassium concentration, and bulk density, we calculate radiogenic heat production for Stuart City (Lower Cretaceous) limestones, Wilcox (Eocene) sandstones and mudrocks, and Frio (Oligocene) sandstones and mudrocks from south Texas. Heat production rates range from a low of 0.07 ±0.01 µW/m3 in clean Stuart City limestones to 2.21 ±0.24 µW/m3 in Frio mudrocks. Mean heat production rates for Wilcox sandstones, Frio sandstones, Wilcox mudrocks, and Frio mudrocks are 0.88, 1.19, 1.50, and 1.72 µW/m3, respectively. In general, the mudrocks produce about 30-40% more heat than stratigraphically equivalent sandstones. Frio rocks produce about 15% more heat than Wilcox rocks per unit volume of clastic rock (sandstone/mudrock). A one-dimensional heat- conduction model indicates that this radiogenic heat source has a significant effect on subsurface temperatures. If a thermal model were calibrated to observed temperatures by optimizing basal heat-flow density and ignoring sediment heat production, the extrapolated present-day temperature of a deeply buried source rock would be overestimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mckenna, T.E., and Sharp, J.M., 1998, Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 3, p. 484-496, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"496","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93f9e4b0c8380cd81120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mckenna, Thomas E. tmckenna@usgs.gov","contributorId":4067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckenna","given":"Thomas","email":"tmckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, J. M. Jr.","contributorId":55989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021063,"text":"70021063 - 1998 - Black Mats, Spring-Fed Streams, and Late-Glacial-Age Recharge in the Southern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:22:17","indexId":"70021063","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black Mats, Spring-Fed Streams, and Late-Glacial-Age Recharge in the Southern Great Basin","docAbstract":"Black mats are prominent features of the late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphic record in the southern Great Basin. Faunal, geochemical, and sedimentological evidence shows that the black mats formed in several microenvironments related to spring discharge, ranging from wet meadows to shallow ponds. Small land snails such as Gastrocopta tappaniana and Vertigo berryi are the most common mollusk taxa present. Semiaquatic and aquatic taxa are less abundant and include Catinellids, Fossaria parva, Gyraulus parvus, and others living today in and around perennial seeps and ponds. The ostracodes Cypridopsis okeechobi and Scottia tumida, typical of seeps and low-discharge springs today, as well as other taxa typical of springs and wetlands, are common in the black mats. Several new species that lived in the saturated subsurface also are present, but lacustrine ostracodes are absent. The ??13C values of organic matter in the black mats range from -12 to -26???, reflecting contributions of tissue from both C3 (sedges, most shrubs and trees) and C4 (saltbush, saltgrass) plants. Carbon-14 dates on the humate fraction of 55 black mats fall between 11,800 to 6300 and 2300 14C yr B.P. to modern. The total absence of mats in our sample between 6300 and 2300 14C yr B.P. likely reflects increased aridity associated with the mid-Holocene Altithermal. The oldest black mats date to 11,800-11,600 14C yr B.P., and the peak in the 14C black mat distribution falls at ???10,000 14C yr B.P. As the formation of black mats is spring related, their abundance reflects refilling of valley aquifers starting no later than 11,800 and peaking after 11,000 14C yrB.P. Reactivation of spring-fed channels shortly before 11,200 14C yr B.P. is also apparent in the stratigraphic records from the Las Vegas and Pahrump Valleys. This age distribution suggests that black mats and related spring-fed channels in part may have formed in response to Younger Dryas (YD)-age recharge in the region. However, the inception of black mat formation precedes that of the YD by at least 400 14C yr, and hydrological change is gradual, not rapid. ?? 1998 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1997.1959","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Quade, J., Forester, R.M., Pratt, W., and Carter, C., 1998, Black Mats, Spring-Fed Streams, and Late-Glacial-Age Recharge in the Southern Great Basin: Quaternary Research, v. 49, no. 2, p. 129-148, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1959.","startPage":"129","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266457,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1959"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1d5e4b0c8380cd4ae54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, W.L.","contributorId":59972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, C.","contributorId":96293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021368,"text":"70021368 - 1998 - Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:55:02.221072","indexId":"70021368","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","docAbstract":"Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate robustness of four tests to detect density dependence, from series of population abundances, to the addition of sampling variance. Population abundances were generated from random walk, stochastic exponential growth, and density-dependent population models. Population abundance estimates were generated with sampling variances distributed as lognormal and constant coefficients of variation (cv) from 0.00 to 1.00. In general, when data were generated under a random walk, Type I error rates increased rapidly for Bulmer's R, Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests with increasing magnitude of sampling variance for n > 5 yr and all values of process variation. Bulmer's R* test maintained a constant 5% Type I error rate for n > 5 yr and all magnitudes of sampling variance in the population abundance estimates. When abundances were generated from two stochastic exponential growth models (R = 0.05 and R = 0.10), Type I errors again increased with increasing sampling variance; magnitude of Type I error rates were higher for the slower growing population. Therefore, sampling error inflated Type I error rates, invalidating the tests, for all except Bulmer's R* test. Comparable simulations for abundance estimates generated from a density-dependent growth rate model were conducted to estimate power of the tests. Type II error rates were influenced by the relationship of initial population size to carrying capacity (K), length of time series, as well as sampling error. Given the inflated Type I error rates for all but Bulmer's R*, power was overestimated for the remaining tests, resulting in density dependence being detected more often than it existed. Population abundances of natural populations are almost exclusively estimated rather than censused, assuring sampling error. Therefore, because these tests have been shown to be either invalid when only sampling variance occurs in the population abundances (Bulmer's R, Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests) or lack power (Bulmer's R* test), little justification exists for use of such tests to support or refute the hypothesis of density dependence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shenk, T.M., White, G.C., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations: Ecological Monographs, v. 68, no. 3, p. 445-463, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab097e4b0c8380cd87bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shenk, Tanya M","contributorId":221010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shenk","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":40309,"text":"NPS, Lincoln, NE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020451,"text":"70020451 - 1998 - Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:51:30.032856","indexId":"70020451","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons","docAbstract":"U–Pb ages of individual detrital and metamorphic zircons from 12 Archean metasedimentary rocks, including quartzites, from the Beartooth, Ruby, and Tobacco Root uplifts of the northern Wyoming province indicate that they were deposited between 2.7 and 3.2 Ga. Younger, metamorphic zircons are found as overgrowths and new grains in some samples, and yield ages between 2.7 and 1.9 Ga. They are, however, much less abundant than detrital grains, which constitute >75% of the 355 grains analyzed. The majority of the detrital grains have ages between 3.2 and 3.4 Ga; none are younger than 2.9 Ga. Grains with 207Pb/206Pb ages between 3.4 and 4.0 Ga constituted approximately 15% of all grains with analyses within 10% of concordia, but are concentrated in samples from the eastern Beartooth Mountains. Comparison of the average of the Pb–Pb ages of individual zircons within 10% of concordia with previously published Lu–Hf chondritic model ages for some individual samples suggests that the age distribution recorded by the U–Pb system in these zircons has not been significantly disturbed by pre- or post-depositional Pb-loss. Collectively, these data suggest that the individual metasedimentary rocks did not completely share a common provenance and that a major crust-forming cycle occurred 3.2 to 3.4 Ga. In conjunction with previously published U–Th–Pb whole-rock data, these results suggest that rocks with a relatively high proportion of >3.4 Ga grains may have had crust of comparable age in their provenance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P., Wooden, J.L., Nutman, A., and Mogk, D., 1998, Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons: Precambrian Research, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 295-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0474e4b0c8380cd509c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutman, A.P.","contributorId":16177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutman","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020762,"text":"70020762 - 1998 - Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:21:23","indexId":"70020762","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow","docAbstract":"Nonlinear regression is used to estimate optimal parameter values in models of groundwater flow to ensure that differences between predicted and observed heads and flows do not result from nonoptimal parameter values. Parameter estimates can be affected, however, by observations that disproportionately influence the regression, such as outliers that exert undue leverage on the objective function. Certain statistics developed for linear regression can be used to detect influential observations in nonlinear regression if the models are approximately linear. This paper discusses the application of Cook's D, which measures the effect of omitting a single observation on a set of estimated parameter values, and the statistical parameter DFBETAS, which quantifies the influence of an observation on each parameter. The influence statistics were used to (1) identify the influential observations in the calibration of a three-dimensional, groundwater flow model of a fractured-rock aquifer through nonlinear regression, and (2) quantify the effect of omitting influential observations on the set of estimated parameter values. Comparison of the spatial distribution of Cook's D with plots of model sensitivity shows that influential observations correspond to areas where the model heads are most sensitive to certain parameters, and where predicted groundwater flow rates are largest. Five of the six discharge observations were identified as influential, indicating that reliable measurements of groundwater flow rates are valuable data in model calibration. DFBETAS are computed and examined for an alternative model of the aquifer system to identify a parameterization error in the model design that resulted in overestimation of the effect of anisotropy on horizontal hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01010","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 1998, Detecting influential observations in nonlinear regression modeling of groundwater flow: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1623-1633, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff61e4b0c8380cd4f160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021059,"text":"70021059 - 1998 - Flow modeling and permeability estimation using borehole flow logs in heterogeneous fractured formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T09:56:24","indexId":"70021059","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow modeling and permeability estimation using borehole flow logs in heterogeneous fractured formations","docAbstract":"A numerical model of flow in the vicinity of a borehole is used to analyze flowmeter data obtained with high-resolution flowmeters. The model is designed to (1) precisely compute flow in a borehole, (2) approximate the effects of flow in surrounding aquifers on the measured borehole flow, (3) allow for an arbitrary number (N) of entry/exit points connected to M < N far-field aquifers, and (4) be consistent with the practical limitations of flowmeter measurements such as limits of resolution, typical measurement error, and finite measurement periods. The model is used in three modes: (1) a quasi-steady pumping mode where there is no ambient flow, (2) a steady flow mode where ambient differences in far-field water levels drive flow between fracture zones in the borehole, and (3) a cross-borehole test mode where pumping in an adjacent borehole drives flow in the observation borehole. The model gives estimates of transmissivity for any number of fractures in steady or quasi-steady flow experiments that agree with straddle-packer test data. Field examples show how these cross-borehole-type curves can be used to estimate the storage coefficient of fractures and bedding planes and to determine whether fractures intersecting a borehole at different locations are hydraulically connected in the surrounding rock mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00268","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1998, Flow modeling and permeability estimation using borehole flow logs in heterogeneous fractured formations: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 997-1010, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00268.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1010","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1247e4b0c8380cd5423e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021154,"text":"70021154 - 1998 - Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:22:45.857956","indexId":"70021154","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model","docAbstract":"In this study a stochastic approach to calibration of an orographic precipitation model (Rhea, 1978) was applied in the Gunnison River Basin of south-western Colorado. The stochastic approach to model calibration was used to determine: (1) the model parameter uncertainty and sensitivity; (2) the grid-cell resolution to run the model (10 or 5 km grids); (3) the model grid rotation increment; and (4) the basin subdivision by elevation band for parameter definition. Results from the stochastic calibration are location and data dependent. Uncertainty, sensitivity and range in the final parameter sets were found to vary by grid-cell resolution and elevation. Ten km grids were found to be a more robust model configuration than 5 km grids. Grid rotation increment, tested using only 10 km grids, indicated increments of less than 10 degrees to be superior. Basin subdivision into two elevation bands was found to produce 'optimal' results for both 10 and 5 km grids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., 1998, Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model: Hydrological Processes, v. 12, no. 4, p. 613-634.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b984be4b08c986b31bf66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020448,"text":"70020448 - 1998 - The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020448","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach","docAbstract":"The chemical evolution of the Kurnub Group paleowater was studied starting from rainwater in recharge areas of the Sinai and along groundwater flowpaths leading to the natural outlets of this regional aquifer. This was achieved by investigating the chemical composition of groundwater, ionic ratios, degrees of saturation with common mineral species, normative analysis of dissolved salts and by modeling of rock/water interaction and mixing processes occurring along groundwater flow paths. The initial groundwater composition used is from the Nakhel well in Sinai. It evolves from desert rainwater percolating through typical Kurnub Group lithology in Sinai. This rainwater dissolves mainly gypsum, halite and dolomite together with smaller amounts of marine aerosol and K-feldspar. At the same time it precipitates calcite, SiO2, smectite and degasses CO2. Between the area of Nakhel and the northern Negev the chemistry of Kurnub Group waters is influenced by dissolution of halite and lesser amounts of gypsum of surficial origin in recharge areas, small amounts of feldspars and of dolomite cement in sandstones eroded from the Arabo-Nubian igneous massif of Sinai and organic degradation-derived CO2. Concomitantly, there is precipitation of calcite, smectite, SiO2 and probably analcime characteristic of sediments in continental closed basins. North of the Negev, the Kurnub Group fluids are diluted and altered by mixing with Judea Group aquifer groundwaters. On the E there is mixing with residual brines from the water body ancestral to the Dead Sea, prior to discharge into the Arava valley. Rock/water interaction indicated by NETPATH and PHREEQC modeling is in agreement with lithology and facies changes previously observed in the Kurnub Group sequence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Rosenthal, E., Jones, B., and Weinberger, G., 1998, The chemical evolution of Kurnub Group palcowater in the Sinai-Negev province - A mass balance approach: Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 5, p. 553-569, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9.","startPage":"553","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00092-9"},{"id":231485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa2be4b08c986b32273d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenthal, E.","contributorId":72562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weinberger, G.","contributorId":70958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberger","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021055,"text":"70021055 - 1998 - Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T14:56:13","indexId":"70021055","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study","docAbstract":"We used an individual-based modeling approach to study the consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a freshwater fish population. We simulated the daily foraging, growth, and survival of the age-0 fish and older juvenile individuals of a sample population to reconstruct patterns of density dependence in the age-0 fish during the growth season. Cannibalism occurs as a part of the foraging process. For age-0 fish, older juvenile fish are both potential cannibals and competitors of food. We found that competition and cannibalism produced intraclass and interclass density dependence. Our modeling results suggested the following. (1) With low density of juvenile fish and weak interclass interactions, the age-0 fish recruitment shows a Beverton-Holt type of density dependence. (2) With high density of juvenile fish and strong interclass interactions, the age-0 fish recruitment shows a Ricker type of density dependence, and overcompensation occurs. (3) Interclass competition of food is responsible for much of the overcompensation. (4) Cannibalism intensifies the changes in the recruitment that are brought about by competition. Cannibalism can (a) generally reduce the recruitment, (b) particularly reduce the maximum level of recruitment, (c) cause overcompensation to occur at lower densities, and (d) produce a stronger overcompensation. (5) Growth is also a function of density. Cannibalism generally improves average growth of cannibals. (6) Variation in the lengths of age-0 fish increases with density and with a decreased average growth. These results imply that cannibalism and competition for food could strongly affect recruitment dynamics. Our model also showed that the rate of cannibalism either could be fairly even through the whole season or could vary dramatically. The individual-based modeling approach can help ecologists understand the mechanistic connection between daily behavioral and physiological processes operating at the level of individual organisms and seasonal patterns of population structure and dynamics. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 1998.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:COCACF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dong, Q., and DeAngelis, D., 1998, Consequences of cannibalism and competition for food in a smallmouth bass population: An individual-based modeling study: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 2, p. 174-189, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:COCACF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"189","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0174:cocacf>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d4e4b0c8380cd4d7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Q.","contributorId":39152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020759,"text":"70020759 - 1998 - Paleomagnetism of the Middle Proterozoic Electra Lake Gabbro, Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T16:52:49.9272","indexId":"70020759","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Middle Proterozoic Electra Lake Gabbro, Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The Electra Lake Gabbro is a small 1.435 Ga pluton that intrudes 1.7 to 1.6 Ga gneisses and schists of the Needle Mountains in southwestern Colorado. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from the main phases of the gabbro, diabase dikes, granite, and alaskite dikes that cut the gabbro and from a partially melted zone in gneiss along the southern margin of the pluton. Gabbro, diabase, and some melt zone samples have a single-polarity characteristic magnetization of northeast declination (D) and moderate negative inclination (I). Demagnetization behavior and rock magnetic characteristics indicate that the remanence is carried by nearly pure magnetite. After correction for the minor west dip of overlying Paleozoic strata, we obtain a mean direction of D = 32.1°, I = −41.9° ( k: = 94, α95 = 3.3°, N = 21 sites) and a paleomagnetic pole at 21.1°S, 221.1°E, (K = 89, A95 = 3.4°). This pole is similar to poles from the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup but is located at a higher southerly latitude than poles from other 1.47–1.44 Ga plutons from North America, most of which plot at equatorial latitudes. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear but may result from a combination of factors, including unrecognized tilting of the gabbro, the failure of this relatively small pluton to fully average paleosecular variation, and uncertainties in the overall reliability of other 1.5–1.4 Ga poles of the North American apparent polar wander path.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01350","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., and Geissman, J.W., 1998, Paleomagnetism of the Middle Proterozoic Electra Lake Gabbro, Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 7, p. 15497-15507, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01350.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"15497","endPage":"15507","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479827,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb01350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7428e4b0c8380cd77496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021314,"text":"70021314 - 1998 - Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021314","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies","docAbstract":"A simulation-optimization model was developed for the optimal management of the city of Santa Barbara's water resources during a drought; however, this model addressed only groundwater flow and not the advective-dispersive, density-dependent transport of seawater. Zero-m freshwater head constraints at the coastal boundary were used as surrogates for the control of seawater intrusion. In this study, the strategies derived from the simulation-optimization model using two surface water supply scenarios are evaluated using a two-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater flow and transport model. Comparisons of simulated chloride mass fractions are made between maintaining the actual pumping policies of the 1987-91 drought and implementing the optimal pumping strategies for each scenario. The results indicate that using 0-m freshwater head constraints allowed no more seawater intrusion than under actual 1987-91 drought conditions and that the simulation-optimization model yields least-cost strategies that deliver more water than under actual drought conditions while controlling seawater intrusion.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management","conferenceDate":"7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., and Martin, P., 1998, Postaudit of optimal conjunctive use policies, in Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998, p. 591-596.","startPage":"591","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e74e4b0c8380cd7a55c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loucks E","contributorId":128438,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Loucks E","id":536469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020851,"text":"70020851 - 1998 - Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:24:11.347183","indexId":"70020851","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","docAbstract":"The properties of the tremor wave field at Stromboli are analyzed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed on the north flank of the volcano. The seismometers are configured in two semi-circular arrays with radii of 60 and 150 m and a linear array with length of 600 m. The data are analyzed using a spatiotemporal correlation technique specifically designed for the study of the stationary stochastic wave field of Rayleigh and Love waves generated by volcanic activity and by scattering sources distributed within the island. The correlation coefficients derived as a function of frequency for the three components of motion clearly define the dispersion characteristics for both Rayleigh and Love waves. Love and Rayleigh waves contribute 70% and 30%, respectively, of the surface-wave power. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1000 m/sec at 2 Hz to 350 m/sec at 9 Hz, and those for Love waves range from 800 to 400 m/sec over the same frequency band. These velocities are similar to those measured near Puu Oo on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, although the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves at Stromboli show a stronger dependence on frequency. Such low velocities are consistent with values expected for densely cracked solidified basalt. The dispersion curves are inverted for a velocity model beneath the arrays, assuming those dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves.
A conceptual model of the patterns and residence times of groundwater seepage to gaining streams indicates that groundwater seepage originates from sources that are both near and far from the stream. Consequently, the age of groundwater seepage across a stream-channel transect increases from its banks to its center and becomes progressively older with distance downstream. A groundwater flow model and particle-tracking analysis of the Cohansey River Basin in the New Jersey Coastal Plain supports this conceptual model and demonstrates that the orientation of the stream channels with respect to the regional groundwater flow direction, and the heterogeneities of the aquifer and stream-channel patterns, can shift source area locations and distributions of groundwater residence time from those expected. Groundwater samples collected from stream transects were analyzed for nitrogen, representative of widespread agricultural land use in the basin in recent decades, and for chlorofluorocarbons, used to estimate groundwater ages. The patterns of nitrogen concentration and the age of groundwater entering the stream channel corroborate model inferences. The conceptual model of groundwater seepage to streams presented herein is relevant to unconfined aquifer systems with gaining streams and demonstrates how nonpoint-source contaminants are transported to streams by groundwater. Results are useful for the design of programs needed to monitor stream-water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02472","usgsCitation":"Modica, E., Buxton, H., and Plummer, N., 1998, Evaluating the source and residence times of groundwater seepage to streams, New Jersey Coastal Plain: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 11, p. 2797-2810, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02472.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2797","endPage":"2810","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02472","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","volume":"34","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bffe4b0c8380cd529b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Modica, E.","contributorId":69735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modica","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021049,"text":"70021049 - 1998 - Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:10:57","indexId":"70021049","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP)","docAbstract":"Although there is a great deal of information concerning responses to increases in atmospheric CO2 at the tissue and plant levels, there are substantially fewer studies that have investigated ecosystem-level responses in the context of integrated carbon, water, and nutrient cycles. Because our understanding of ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 is incomplete, modeling is a tool that can be used to investigate the role of plant and soil interactions in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO2. In this study, we analyze the responses of net primary production (NPP) to doubled CO2 from 355 to 710 ppmv among three biogeochemistry models in the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP): BIOME-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles), Century, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). For the conterminous United States, doubled atmospheric CO2 causes NPP to increase by 5% in Century, 8% in TEM, and 11% in BIOME-BGC. Multiple regression analyses between the NPP response to doubled CO2 and the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation of biomes or grid cells indicate that there are negative relationships between precipitation and the response of NPP to doubled CO2 for all three models. In contrast, there are different relationships between temperature and the response of NPP to doubled CO2 for the three models: there is a negative relationship in the responses of BIOME-BGC, no relationship in the responses of Century, and a positive relationship in the responses of TEM. In BIOME-BGC, the NPP response to doubled CO2 is controlled by the change in transpiration associated with reduced leaf conductance to water vapor. This change affects soil water, then leaf area development and, finally, NPP. In Century, the response of NPP to doubled CO2 is controlled by changes in decomposition rates associated with increased soil moisture that results from reduced evapotranspiration. This change affects nitrogen availability for plants, which influences NPP. In TEM, the NPP response to doubled CO2 is controlled by increased carboxylation which is modified by canopy conductance and the degree to which nitrogen constraints cause down-regulation of photosynthesis. The implementation of these different mechanisms has consequences for the spatial pattern of NPP responses, and represents, in part, conceptual uncertainty about controls over NPP responses. Progress in reducing these uncertainties requires research focused at the ecosystem level to understand how interactions between the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles influence the response of NPP to elevated atmospheric CO2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004420050462","usgsCitation":"Pan, Y., Melillo, J.M., McGuire, A., Kicklighter, D., Pitelka, L.F., Hibbard, K., Pierce, L., Running, S.W., Ojima, D., Parton, W., Schimel, D.S., Borchers, J., Neilson, R., Fisher, H., Kittel, T., Rossenbloom, N., Fox, S., Haxeltine, A., Prentice, I.C., Sitch, S., Janetos, A., McKeown, R., Nemani, R., Painter, T., Rizzo, B., Smith, T., and Woodward, F., 1998, Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochemistry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP): Oecologia, v. 114, no. 3, p. 389-404, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050462.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"404","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbee4b0c8380cd6f795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Y.","contributorId":30382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pitelka, Louis F.","contributorId":78498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitelka","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hibbard, K.","contributorId":51938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbard","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pierce, L.L.","contributorId":27220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":51257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ojima, D.S.","contributorId":49549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parton, W.J.","contributorId":89685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Borchers, J.","contributorId":104240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Neilson, R.","contributorId":7864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neilson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fisher, H.H.","contributorId":71718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kittel, T.G.F.","contributorId":21500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"T.G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rossenbloom, N.A.","contributorId":97273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossenbloom","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Fox, S.","contributorId":24946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Haxeltine, A.","contributorId":47936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxeltine","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sitch, S.","contributorId":81652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Janetos, A.","contributorId":59577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janetos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"McKeown, R.","contributorId":21310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nemani, R.","contributorId":41614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Painter, T.","contributorId":34677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Rizzo, B.","contributorId":19727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Smith, T.","contributorId":28032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Woodward, F.I.","contributorId":36314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"F.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70020587,"text":"70020587 - 1998 - Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:30:29","indexId":"70020587","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America","docAbstract":"Decadal (>7- yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%-50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal variations are contributed by fluctuations in precipitation from seasons of the year that vary from region to region and that are not necessarily concentrated in the wettest season(s) alone. The precipitation variations are linked to various decadal atmospheric circulation and SST anomaly patterns where scales range from regional to global scales and that emphasize tropical or extratropical connections, depending upon which precipitation region is considered. Further, wet or dry decades are associated with changes in frequency of at least a few short-period circulation 'modes' such as the Pacific-North American pattern. Precipitation fluctuations over the southwestern United States and the Saskatchewan region of western Canada are associated with extensive shifts of sea level pressure and SST anomalies, suggesting that they are components of low-frequency precipitation variability from global-scale climate proceses. Consistent with the global scale of its pressure and SST connection, the Southwest decadal precipitation is aligned with opposing precipitation fluctuations in northern Africa.Decadal (>7-yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%-50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal variations are contributed by fluctuations in precipitation from seasons of the year that vary from region to region and that are not necessarily concentrated in the wettest season(s) alone. The precipitation variations are linked to various decadal atmospheric circulation and SST anomaly patterns where scales range from regional to global scales and that emphasize tropical or extratropical connections, depending upon which precipitation region is considered. Further, wet or dry decades are associated with changes in frequency of at least a few short-period circulation `modes' such as the Pacific-North American pattern. Precipitation fluctuations over the southwestern United States and the Saskatchewan region of western Canada are associated with extensive shifts of sea level pressure and SST anomalies, suggesting that they are components of low-frequency precipitation variability from global-scale climate processes. Consistent with the global scale of its pressure and SST connection, the Southwest decadal precipitation is aligned with opposing precipitation fluctuations in northern Africa.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Dettinger, M.D., Diaz, H.F., and Graham, N., 1998, Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America: Journal of Climate, v. 11, no. 12, p. 3148-3166.","startPage":"3148","endPage":"3166","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfee4b0c8380cd4ea5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diaz, Henry F.","contributorId":68476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, N.E.","contributorId":68920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020588,"text":"70020588 - 1998 - On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T17:55:54.440117","indexId":"70020588","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations","title":"On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations","docAbstract":"We investigated the role of biomass burning in simulating the seasonal signal in both prognostic and diagnostic analyses. The prognostic analysis involved the High-Resolution Biosphere Model, a prognostic terrestrial biosphere model, and the coupled vegetation fire module, which together produce a prognostic data set of biomass burning. The diagnostic analysis involved the Simple Diagnostic Biosphere Model (SDBM) and the Hao and Liu [1994] diagnostic data set of biomass burning, which have been scaled to global 2 and 4 Pg C yr−1, respectively. The monthly carbon exchange fields between the atmosphere and the biosphere with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, the seasonal atmosphere-ocean exchange fields, and the emissions from fossil fuels have been coupled to the three-dimensional atmospheric transport model TM2. We have chosen eight monitoring stations of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration network to compare the predicted seasonal atmospheric CO2 signals with those deduced from atmosphere-biosphere carbon exchange fluxes without any contribution from biomass burning. The prognostic analysis and the diagnostic analysis with global burning emissions of 4 Pg C yr−1 agree with respect to the change in the amplitude of the seasonal CO2 concentration introduced through biomass burning. We find that the seasonal CO2 signal at stations in higher northern latitudes (north of 30°N) is marginally influenced by biomass burning. For stations in tropical regions an increase in the CO2 amplitude of more than 1 ppmv (up to 50% with respect to the observed trough to peak amplitude) has been calculated. Biomass burning at stations farther south accounts for an increase in the CO2 amplitude of up to 59% (0.6 ppmv). A change in the phase of the seasonal CO2 signal at tropical and southern stations has been shown to be strongly influenced by the onset of biomass burning in southern tropical Africa and America. Comparing simulated and observed seasonal CO2 signals, we find higher discrepancies at southern tropical stations if biomass burning emissions are included. This is caused by the additional increase in the amplitude in the prognostic analysis and a phase shift in a diagnostic analysis. In contrast, at the northern tropical stations biomass burning tends to improve the estimates of the seasonal CO2 signal in the prognostic analysis because of strengthening of the amplitude. Since the SDBM predicts the seasonal CO2 signal reasonably well for the northern hemisphere tropical stations, no general improvement of the fit occurs if biomass burning emissions are considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98GB02336","usgsCitation":"Wittenberg, U., Heimann, M., Esse, G., McGuire, A., and Sauf, W., 1998, On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO2 signal as observed at monitoring stations: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 3, p. 531-544, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GB02336.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0vs3f7vr","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dd8e4b0c8380cd75356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittenberg, U.","contributorId":63990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heimann, Martin","contributorId":76497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esse, G.","contributorId":70143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esse","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauf, W.","contributorId":7871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauf","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000832,"text":"1000832 - 1998 - Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"1000832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)","docAbstract":"Adult male walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) exhibited significantly higher polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations than similarly aged female walleye from Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron). To explain this difference, we tested the following three hypotheses: (i) females showed a considerably greater reduction in PCB concentration immediately following spawning than males, (ii) females grew at a faster rate and therefore exhibited lower PCB concentrations than males, and (iii) males spent more time in the Saginaw River system than females, and therefore received a greater exposure to PCBs. The first hypothesis was tested by comparing PCB concentration in gonadal tissue with whole-body concentration, the second hypothesis was tested via bioenergetics modeling, and we used mark-recapture data from the Saginaw Bay walleye fishery to address the third hypothesis. The only plausible explanation for the observed difference in PCB accumulation rate was that males spent substantially more time in the highly contaminated Saginaw River system than females, and therefore were exposed to greater environmental concentrations of PCBs. Based on the results of our study, we strongly recommend a stratified random sampling design for monitoring PCB concentration in Saginaw Bay walleye, with fixed numbers of females and males sampled each year.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Noguchi, G.E., Haas, R.C., and Schrouder, K.S., 1998, Sexual difference in polychlorinated biphenyl accumulation rates of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1085-1092.","productDescription":"p. 1085-1092","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1092","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noguchi, George E.","contributorId":42552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noguchi","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schrouder, Kathrin S.","contributorId":6005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrouder","given":"Kathrin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7000063,"text":"7000063 - 1998 - The Chesapeake Bay bolide: Modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:09:49","indexId":"7000063","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The Chesapeake Bay bolide: Modern consequences of an ancient cataclysm","docAbstract":"During the late Eocene, the formerly quiescent geological regime of the Virginia Coastal Plain was dramatically transformed when a bolide struck in the vicinity of the Delmarva Peninsula, and produced the following principal consequences: