Although small quantities of coal first were produced from the Appalachian basin in the early 1700s, the first production statistics of significance were gathered during the census of 1830 (Eavenson, 1942). Since then, about 35 billion short tons of bituminous coal have been produced from the Appalachian basin from an original potential coal reserve (PCR(o)) estimated to range from about 60 to 90 billion short tons. The term “reserve” refers to economically producible coal, and a “potential coal reserve” (PCR(n)) is an estimate of the amount of coal economically recoverable in a region (State, coal field) over a defined time period (n = number of years) and under a range of economic, societal, and technological conditions. Thus, the current cumulative production plus the PCR(n) equals an estimated cumulative production (ECP(n)). The maps in this report (oversized figures 1, 2, 3, and 4) were produced from a digital database of historical and current coal production records by county. Sources of the original data include various State geological surveys, the U.S. Geological Survey, the former U.S. Bureau of Mines, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration. This report is part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Coal Resource Assessment Project.
\nThe Appalachian basin consistently has lead all other regions of the country in coal production and, until 1970, produced 70 percent or more of the coal produced in the Nation (fig. 5). Since 1970, however, the relative amount of coal coming from the Appalachian basin has declined from about 70 percent to 43 percent. Historically, coal production from the Appalachian basin may be divided into three economically driven cycles: (1) from the inception of exploration and development of the resource through World War I (1914) to the Depression (1929 to the early 1940s); (2) from the Depression through World War II (1944) to the production decline in 1961; and (3) from 1961 through the current period of increasing demand for coal by the electric power industry (fig. 6). Annual coal production from the Appalachian basin peaked in 1997 at 476.8 million tons and has since declined to 375.3 million tons as of 2003.
\nThis report on Appalachian basin coal production consists of four plates and associated graphs and tables that were used to construct the maps. Figure 1 shows the decade of greatest coal production by county. Figure 2 shows the amount of coal produced for each county (in thousands of short tons) during the year of greatest coal production. These data are sorted by decade. Figure 3 illustrates the cumulative coal production (in thousands of short tons) for each county since about the beginning of the 20th century. Figure 4 shows 2003 production by county in thousands of short tons.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character (Professional Paper 1708)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1708D.3","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., and Polyak, D.E., 2014, Bituminous coal production in the Appalachian basin: past, present, and future: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1708, Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 25.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1708D.3.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 25.00 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011809","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polyak, Desiree E. dpolyak@usgs.gov","contributorId":3485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"Desiree","email":"dpolyak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70055602,"text":"pp1708D.2 - 2014 - Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70055602,"text":"pp1708D.2 - 2014 - Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units","indexId":"pp1708D.2","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"D.2","title":"Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:14:30.409434","indexId":"pp1708D.2","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"D.2","title":"Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units","docAbstract":"The Appalachian basin, one of the largest Pennsylvanian bituminous coal-producing regions in the world, currently contains nearly one-half of the top 15 coal-producing States in the United States (Energy Information Agency, 2006). Anthracite of Pennsylvanian age occurs in synclinal basins in eastern Pennsylvania, but production is minimal. A simplified correlation chart was compiled from published and unpublished sources as a means of visualizing currently accepted stratigraphic relations between the rock formations, coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. The thickness of each column is based on chronostratigraphic divisions (Lower, Middle, and Upper Pennsylvanian), not the thickness of strata. Researchers of Pennsylvanian strata in the Appalachian basin also use biostratigraphic markers and other relative and absolute geologic age associations between the rocks to better understand the spatial relations of the strata. Thus, the stratigraphic correlation data in this chart should be considered provisional and will be updated as coal-bearing rocks within the Appalachian coal regions continue to be evaluated.
\nMost geologic formations are identified and defined by the distinctive lithologic features they contain. However, formations of Pennsylvanian age in the Appalachian basin and the Pennsylvania Anthracite region have traditionally been described and named to reflect the presence or absence of economic coal beds and coarse-grained sandstone units, most of which have since been proven to be locally or regionally discontinuous (Ruppert and Rice, 2001). Many of the stratigraphic names and boundaries used for the coals and other geologic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks differ between States or regions (fig. 1). Because local and regional stratigraphic complexities occur within some States, a multiplicity of State-specific names is introduced that may be confusing to those conducting regional geologic assessments in the basin.
\nNonetheless, many of these stratigraphic names and boundaries have some elements that allow for regional stratigraphic correlation. For instance, many coals in the northern Appalachian basin coal region are easier to trace over greater distances than coals in the central and southern Appalachian basin coal regions (fig. 2). The Upper Pennsylvanian Pittsburgh coal bed (fig. 1) of the northern Appalachian basin coal region, for example, occurs as a synchronogenic bed deposited on a laterally continuous surface of sediments (Cross, 1954; Tewalt and others, 2001). The base of the Pittsburgh coal bed is designated as the contact between the Conemaugh Group (Upper Pennsylvanian) and the overlying Monongahela Group in western Pennsylvania, western Maryland, Ohio, and West Virginia (fig. 1). Therefore, in areas where the Pittsburgh coal bed is present, there is little controversy over its position or the placement of the boundary between the Conemaugh and Monongahela Groups.
\nIn other regions of the basin, group and formation boundaries are more difficult to identify over extensive areas. One example is the placement of the contact between the New River Formation and the overlying Kanawha Formation—a boundary that is not easily defined beyond the area where these units were first defined in West Virginia. At the type section of the Kanawha Formation, the base of the Lower Douglas coal zone (fig. 1) defines the contact between the Kanawha Formation and the underlying New River Formation (Rice and others, 1994b). However, subsequent mapping has demonstrated that the Lower Douglas coal zone is regionally discontinuous and in many parts of West Virginia is absent (Blake and others, 2002). Where absent, the Nuttall Sandstone Member of the underlying New River Formation sometimes occurs in the stratigraphic position of the Lower Douglas coal zone. Yet, even the Nuttall Sandstone Member has been found to be regionally discontinuous and of varying thickness throughout its extent, features that hinder its use as a regional stratigraphic marker bed in the Appalachian basin.
\nBecause of the many names used to identify individual coal beds and coal zones in the historic Appalachian basin coal-mining districts, coal bed designations may differ even more than stratigraphic nomenclature. In eastern Kentucky, northwest of the Pine Mountain thrust fault on the Cumberland overthrust sheet, for example, coal beds or coal zones equivalent to the Lower Elkhorn coal zone (within the Pikeville Formation) are identified also as the Eagle coal zone, Pond Creek coal zone, and Blue Gem coal bed (fig. 1). Southeast of the Pine Mountain thrust fault, yet still in Kentucky, equivalent coals in this same interval are known as the Imboden and Rich Mountain. Moreover, this same interval of coal is identified as the Blue Gem coal in Tennessee, the Imboden coal bed or Campbell Creek or Pond Creek coal zones in Virginia, and the Eagle coal zone in West Virginia.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1708D.2","usgsCitation":"Ruppert, L.F., Trippi, M.H., and Slucher, E.R., 2014, Correlation chart of Pennsylvanian rocks in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Maryland, and Pennsylvania showing approximate position of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1708, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1708D.2.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012336","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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basins: maps showing the distribution of coal fields, coal beds, and coalbed-methane fields"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70143874,"text":"pp1708 - 2014 - Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character","indexId":"pp1708","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:15:18.128005","indexId":"pp1708D.1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"D.1","title":"Coal and coalbed-methane resources in the Appalachian and Black Warrior basins: maps showing the distribution of coal fields, coal beds, and coalbed-methane fields","docAbstract":"The maps contained in this chapter show the locations of coal fields, coal beds assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2000, and coalbed-methane fields in the central and southern Appalachian basin study areas, which include the coal-producing parts of the Black Warrior basin. The maps were compiled and modified from a variety of sources such as Tully (1996), Northern and Central Appalachian Basin Coal Regions Assessment Team (2001), Hatch and others (2003), Milici (2004), and unpublished data from the State geological surveys of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, and Alabama. The terms “coalbed methane” and “coal-bed gas” are used interchangeably in this report. All of the figures are located at the end of this report.
\nThe Appalachian basin historically has been subdivided into three coal regions on the basis of regional geologic structure and stratigraphy: the northern region in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, western Maryland, and northern West Virginia; the central region in west-central and southwestern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, northern Tennessee, and southwestern Virginia; and the southern region in southern Tennessee, northern Alabama, and northwestern Georgia. The Appalachian basin is one of the most important coal-producing regions in the Nation and the world, and coal has been mined there throughout the last three centuries. The coal is primarily used within the Eastern United States for electrical power generation, but some of it is suitable for metallurgical uses. In 2008, the Appalachian basin produced about 320 million short tons of coal from 1,278 underground and surface coal mines (Energy Information Agency, 2009a).
\nCoalbed-methane production in the Appalachian basin coal regions is an increasingly important resource. In 2008, 247 billion cubic feet (bcf) of coalbed methane was produced in the basin from Alabama (107 bcf), Virginia (101 bcf), West Virginia (28 bcf), and Pennsylvania (11 bcf) (Energy Information Agency, 2009b). Coalbed-methane exploration is ongoing in all of the States in the Appalachian basin coal regions, and production is expected to increase.
\nThe study area for most reports in this volume is the Appalachian basin. The term “Appalachian basin study area” (shortened from “Appalachian basin geologic framework study area”) includes all of the Appalachian Basin Province (Province 67) and part of the neighboring Black Warrior Basin Province (Province 65) of Dolton and others (1995). The boundaries for these two provinces and the study area are shown on figure 1.
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mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milici, Robert C. 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character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:16:08.242287","indexId":"pp1708C.2","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"C.2","title":"Geographic information system (GIS)-based maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields","docAbstract":"One of the more recent maps of Appalachian basin oil and gas fields (and the adjoining Black Warrior basin) is the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compilation by Mast and others (1998) (see Trippi and others, this volume, chap. I.1). This map is part of a larger oil and gas field map for the conterminous United States that was derived by Mast and others (1998) from the Well History Control System (WHCS) database of Petroleum Information, Inc. (now IHS Energy Group). Rather than constructing the map from the approximately 500,000 proprietary wells in the Appalachian and Black Warrior part of the WHCS database, Mast and others (1998) subdivided the region into a grid of 1-mi2 (square mile) cells and allocated an appropriate type of hydrocarbon production (oil production, gas production, oil and gas production, or explored but no production) to each cell. Each 1-mi2 cell contains from 0 to 5 or more exploratory and (or) development wells. For example, if the wells in the 1-mi2 cell consisted of three oil wells, one gas well, and one dry well, then the cell would be characterized on the map as an area of oil and gas production. The map by Mast and others (1998) accurately shows the distribution and types of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Appalachian and Black Warrior basins, but it does not show the names of individual fields. To determine the locality and name of individual oil and gas fields, one must refer to State oil and gas maps (for example, Harper and others, 1982), which are generally published at scales of 1:250,000 or 1:500,000 (see References Cited), and (or) published journal articles.
\nOther recent USGS Appalachian basin oil and gas field maps show the distribution of oil and gas production with a cell size as small as 0.25 mi2 , such as the maps converted by Trippi and others (this volume, chap. I.1) from proprietary well-location maps used in the USGS 2002 assessment of oil and gas resources of the Appalachian basin (Milici and others, 2003). Another set of Appalachian basin oil and gas cell maps (based on a cell size of 0.25 mi2 ) was created for the USGS 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources (Gautier and others, 1995; Beeman and others, 1996).
\nBetween 1991 and 1994, R.T. Ryder (with R.E. Mattick, J.B. Roen, and J.R. San Filipo, USGS, Reston, Va.) compiled oil and gas fields on stable-base mylar greenline base maps (scale 1:500,000) for selected plays in the Appalachian basin. These map compilations included field names and field numbers where assigned by State agencies. The purpose of the maps was to provide supporting data for the USGS 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources (Gautier and others, 1995). In particular, the greenline oil and gas field maps were linked, where possible, with production data from State records and (or) published literature in order to determine ultimate sizes for conventional fields and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) values for wells in continuous accumulations (for definitions of the conventional and continuous terminology, see USGS National Oil and Gas Assessment Team, 1995; Schmoker, 1997; Schenk and Pollastro, 2002). This approach was used in the 1995 national oil and gas assessment because ultimate field size and EUR data were unavailable in the Appalachian region from Petroleum Information, Inc., and other commercial sources.
\nIn 2006 and 2007, the greenline Appalachian basin field maps were digitized under the supervision of Scott Kinney and converted to geographic information system (GIS) files for chapter I.1 (this volume). By converting these oil and gas field maps to a digital format and maintaining the field names where noted, they are now available for a variety of oil and gas and possibly carbon-dioxide sequestration projects. Having historical names assigned to known digitized conventional fields provides a convenient classification scheme into which cumulative production and ultimate field-size databases can be organized. Moreover, as exploratory and development drilling expands across the basin, many previously named fields that were originally treated as conventional fields have evolved into large, commonly unnamed continuous-type accumulations. These new digital maps will facilitate a comparison between EUR values from recently drilled, unnamed parts of continuous accumulations and EUR values from named fields discovered early during the exploration cycle of continuous accumulations.
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This assessment was based on the total petroleum system (TPS), a concept introduced by Magoon and Dow (1994) and developed during subsequent studies such as those by the U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team (2000) and by Biteau and others (2003a,b). Each TPS is based on specific geologic elements that include source rocks, traps and seals, reservoir rocks, and the generation and migration of hydrocarbons. This chapter identifies the TPSs defined in the 2002 Appalachian basin oil and gas assessment and places them in the context of the stratigraphic framework associated with regional geologic cross sections D–D′ (Ryder and others, 2009, which was re-released in this volume, chap. E.4.1) and E–E′ (Ryder and others, 2008, which was re-released in this volume, chap. E.4.2). Furthermore, the chapter presents a recent estimate of the ultimate recoverable oil and natural gas in the basin.
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Appalachian basin: distribution, geologic framework, and geochemical character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:17:29.078568","indexId":"pp1708B.1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"B.1","title":"Coal and petroleum resources in the Appalachian basin: index maps of included studies","docAbstract":"This chapter B.1 of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1708 provides index maps for many of the studies described in other chapters of the report. Scientists of the USGS and State geological surveys studied coal and petroleum resources in the central and southern Appalachian structural basins. In the southern Appalachian basin, studies focused on the coal-bearing parts of the Black Warrior basin in Alabama. The scientists used new and existing geologic data sets to create a common spatial geologic framework for the fossil-fuel-bearing strata of the central Appalachian basin and the Black Warrior basin in Alabama.
\nDigital data have been compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) that is included in chapter I.1 (Trippi and others, this volume). Shape files and related metadata for features shown in the index maps of this chapter can be downloaded from chapter I.1.
\nThe study area for the Appalachian basin resource framework study includes the fossil-fuel-bearing strata of the following States (listed alphabetically): Alabama, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The outline of the study area is shown in figure 1; it differs from the boundary of the Appalachian Basin Province (Province 67) defined for the 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment (NOGA) by the U.S. Geological Survey (1996a). The difference is that the study area includes regions where the Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata crop out but does not include all of the oil- and gas-bearing strata of the Black Warrior basin, Alabama.
\nThe reasons for providing the index maps in this chapter are to show the locations of different studies, to give an overview of topics covered, and to help the user choose which chapter to read. Figures 1 and 2 show the study area outline and county names. Figure 3 shows oil and gas production in 1995 and 2005. Figure 4 shows locations of Upper Devonian sandstone oil and gas fields. Figure 5 shows major coal regions and coal fields. Figure 6 shows coal production by county.
\nFigure 7 shows the locations of 10 cross sections of regional extent through the subsurface of the Appalachian basin. Figure 8 shows conodont alteration index sample locations and interpreted isograds for Ordovician rocks.
\nFigure 9 shows vitrinite-reflectance data for Pennsylvanian coal in the Appalachian basin. Figure 10 shows the locations of coalbed-methane (CBM) assessment units in the study area, and figure 12 shows counties producing CBM. Figure 12 shows sulfur content of coal delivered to powerplants from coal-producing counties in the Appalachian basin and Black Warrior basin.
\nFigure 13 shows locations of wells in Ohio and Pennsylvania where oil and gas were sampled in Lower Silurian reservoirs. Figure 14 shows the Conasauga-Rome/Conasauga Total Petroleum System and selected wells in the Rome trough in Kentucky and West Virginia having oil and gas production and shows. Figure 15 shows the locations of samples from Silurian reservoirs in Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia; the samples yielded total organic carbon data. Figure 16 shows the locations of the Ben Hur and Rose Hill oil fields, Virginia, and the Swan Creek oil field, Tennessee.
\nThe one index map that is not shown is the areal extent of the shale gas plays in the basin. The extents of the plays can be found in Coleman and others (this volume, chap. G.13).
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character"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:18:05.135533","indexId":"pp1708A.1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1708","chapter":"A.1","title":"Executive summary","docAbstract":"Fossil fuels from the Appalachian basin region have been major contributors to the Nation’s energy needs over much of the last three centuries. Early records indicate that Appalachian coal was first mined in the middle 1700s (Virginia and Pennsylvania) and was used sparingly to fuel colonial settlements and, later, a fledgling industrial-based economy along the eastern seaboard of the United States (de Witt and Milici, 1989). In 2011, central Appalachian basin coal production accounted for approximately 77 percent of all U.S. metallurgical (or coking) coal and 29 percent of total U.S. production (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2013). Following initial discoveries and commercial use in western New York (1821) and Ohio and West Virginia (mid-1830s), the Appalachian petroleum (oil and gas) industry began in earnest in 1859 with the discovery of oil at the Drake well in northwestern Pennsylvania. Between 1860 and 1989, the Appalachian basin produced more than 2.5 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and more than 30 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) from more than 500,000 wells (de Witt and Milici, 1989). Although both oil and gas continue to be produced in the Appalachian basin, most new wells in the region are drilled in shale reservoirs to produce natural gas.
\nAppalachian coal and petroleum resources are still available in sufficient quantities to contribute significantly to the Nation’s energy needs. For example, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (2010) estimated that there are 6,484 million short tons of recoverable coal reserves in the Appalachian basin. Similarly, about 14.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE) (1.2 BBO+81 TCFG [or 13.5 BBOE]) of recoverable Appalachian basin oil and gas remain available of an estimated ultimate endowment of approximately 25.5 billion BBOE (cumulative production + reserves + estimated recoverable undiscovered resources) (this volume, chap. C.1).
\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1708 is a modern, indepth collection of reports, cross sections, and maps that describe the geology of the Appalachian basin and its fossil fuel resources. Several of the chapters have been published in outside journals or as other USGS publications. Although this volume is not a comprehensive regional treatment of all notable geologic and fossil fuel localities in the Appalachian basin, the selected study areas and topics presented in the chapters cover large segments of the basin and a wide range of stratigraphic intervals. As the title implies, this volume addresses topics that refer to the locations of coal and petroleum accumulations, the stratigraphic and structural framework, and the geochemical characteristics of the coal beds and petroleum in the basin, as well as the results and documentation of recent USGS assessments of coal, oil, and gas resources in the basin.
\nMany of the maps and accompanying data supporting the reports in this volume are available as downloadable geographic information system (GIS) data files (such as selected coal beds, selected oil and gas fields, locations of oil and gas wells, coal production, coal chemistry, total petroleum system (TPS) boundaries, and bedrock geology). Log ASCII Standard (LAS) files for geophysical (gamma ray) wireline well logs also are included.
\nThis publication supplements and updates older USGS regional studies of Appalachian basin coal and petroleum resources such as those by Arndt and others (1968) and the numerous contributors to USGS Miscellaneous Map Series I−917 (for example, Harris and others, 1978), respectively. USGS Professional Paper 1708 is intended primarily for geoscientists in academia, industry, and government who are interested in Appalachian basin geology and its coal and petroleum resources. Other users, however, may find the wide variety of topics, papers, and digital images of value for landuse and policy planning issues. Among the anticipated benefits of the report are improvements in (1) resource assessment estimates and methodology, (2) exploration strategies, (3) basin models, and (4) energy use policies.
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Appalachian coal and petroleum resources are still available in sufficient quantities to contribute significantly to fulfilling the Nation’s energy needs. Although both conventional oil and gas continue to be produced in the Appalachian basin, most new wells in the region are drilled in shale reservoirs to produce natural gas.
\nU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 1708 is a modern, indepth collection of reports, cross sections, and maps that describe the geology of the Appalachian basin and its fossil fuel resources. This publication supplements and updates older USGS regional studies of Appalachian basin coal and petroleum resources. Some chapters are new, and several have been published in outside journals or as other USGS publications. Although this volume is not a comprehensive regional treatment of all notable geologic and fossil fuel localities in the Appalachian basin, the selected study areas and topics presented in the chapters pertain to large segments of the basin and a wide range of stratigraphic intervals. This volume discusses the locations of coal and petroleum accumulations, the stratigraphic and structural framework, and the geochemical characteristics of the coal beds and petroleum in the basin, as well as the results of recent USGS assessments of coal, oil, and gas resources in the basin.
\nMany of the maps and accompanying data supporting the reports in this volume are available from chapter I.1 as downloadable geographic information system (GIS) data files about the characteristics of selected coal beds and oil and gas fields, locations of oil and gas wells, coal production, coal chemistry, total petroleum system (TPS) boundaries, and bedrock geology. Log ASCII Standard (LAS) files for geophysical (gamma ray) wireline well logs are included in other chapters.
\nProfessional Paper 1708 is intended primarily for geoscientists in academia, industry, and government who are interested in Appalachian basin geology and its coal and petroleum resources. Other users, however, may find the topics, papers, and digital images valuable for land-use and policy planning. Among the anticipated benefits of the report are improvements in (1) resource assessment estimates and methodology, (2) exploration strategies, (3) basin models, and (4) energy use policies.
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These defining characteristics, while bringing stability and predictability, pose challenges when it comes to managing dynamic natural systems. As our understanding of ecosystems improves, we must devise ways to account for the non-linearities and uncertainties rife in complex social-ecological systems. This paper takes an in-depth look at the Platte River basin over time to explore how the system's resilience—the capacity to absorb disturbance without losing defining structures and functions—responds to human driven change. Beginning with pre-European settlement, the paper explores how water laws, policies, and infrastructure influenced the region's ecology and society. While much of the post-European development in the Platte River basin came at a high ecological cost to the system, the recent tri-state and federal collaborative Platte River Recovery and Implementation Program is a first step towards flexible and adaptive management of the social-ecological system. Using the Platte River basin as an example, we make the case that inherent flexibility and adaptability are vital for the next iteration of natural resources management policies affecting stressed basins. We argue that this can be accomplished by nesting policy in a resilience framework, which we describe and attempt to operationalize for use across systems and at different levels of jurisdiction. As our current natural resources policies fail under the weight of looming global change, unprecedented demand for natural resources, and shifting land use, the need for a new generation of adaptive, flexible natural resources govern-ance emerges. Here we offer a prescription for just that, rooted in the social , ecological and political realities of the Platte River basin.
Social-Ecological Resilience and Law in the Platte River Basin (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273678974_Social-Ecological_Resilience_and_Law_in_the_Platte_River_Basin [accessed Oct 18 2017].
Climate-related environmental changes have increasingly been linked to emerging infectious diseases in wildlife. The Arctic is facing a major ecological transition that is expected to substantially affect animal and human health. Changes in phenology or environmental conditions that result from climate warming may promote novel species assemblages as host and pathogen ranges expand to previously unoccupied areas. Recent evidence from the Arctic and subarctic suggests an increase in the spread and prevalence of some wildlife diseases, but baseline data necessary to detect and verify such changes are still lacking. Wild birds are undergoing rapid shifts in distribution and have been implicated in the spread of wildlife and zoonotic diseases. Here, we review evidence of current and projected changes in the abundance and distribution of avian diseases and outline strategies for future research. We discuss relevant climatic and environmental factors, emerging host–pathogen contact zones, the relationship between host condition and immune function, and potential wildlife and human health outcomes in northern regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/130291","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., Pearce, J.M., and Handel, C.M., 2014, Wildlife health in a rapidly changing North: focus on avian disease: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 10, p. 548-556, https://doi.org/10.1890/130291.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052019","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7164092","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.15625,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 84.9901001802348\n ],\n [\n 196.171875,\n 84.9901001802348\n ],\n [\n 196.171875,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 62.2679226294176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7f4e4b02d776a669eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112150,"text":"sim3250 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Agnesi quadrangle (V-45), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T18:09:30.452421","indexId":"sim3250","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3250","title":"Geologic map of the Agnesi quadrangle (V-45), Venus","docAbstract":"The Agnesi quadrangle (V–45), named for centrally located Agnesi crater, encompasses approximately 6,500,000 km2 extending from lat 25° to 50° S. and from long 30° to 60° E. The V–45 quadrangle lies within Venus’ lowland broadly between highlands Ovda Regio to the northeast and Alpha Regio to the west. The region ranges in altitude from 6,051 to 6,054 km, with an average of ~6,052 km, which is essentially mean planetary radius. The quadrangle displays a wide range of features including large to small arcuate exposures of ribbon-tessera terrain (Hansen and Willis, 1998), ten lowland coronae, two montes, 13 pristine impact craters, and long but localized volcanic flows sourced to the west in V–44. Shield terrain (Hansen, 2005) occurs across much of the V–45 quadrangle. Although V–45 lies topographically within the lowland, it includes only one planitia (Fonueha Planitia), perhaps because the features mentioned decorate it.
\nGeologic mapping of the Agnesi quadrangle (V–45) provides an opportunity (1) to examine the nature of lowland ribbon-tessera terrain, as compared to highland ribbon-tessera terrain; (2) to examine the nature and history of lowland coronae and montes to evaluate hypotheses for the evolution of these features; and (3) to evaluate global catastrophic/episodic resurfacing hypotheses.
\nRibbon-tessera terrain (Hansen and Willis, 1998), a structurally distinctive terrain marked by roughly orthogonal fold axes and ribbon troughs, characterizes Venusian crustal plateaus (Hansen and others, 1999), although this distinctive fabric is also variably preserved across some lowland regions (Hansen and Willis, 1996, 1998), including the Agnesi quadrangle. Isolated kipukas of ribbon-tessera terrain protrude through the shield-terrain veneer and preserve evidence of local surface processes that predated shield-terrain emplacement, including those leading to regional development of tessera terrain fabrics. The ribbon-tessera fabrics are similar to the fabrics that characterize high-standing crustal plateaus, such as nearby Ovda and Alpha Regiones. Ribbon-bearing kipukas may preserve evidence of ancient collapsed crustal plateaus (Phillips and Hansen, 1994; Ivanov and Head, 1996; Hansen and Willis, 1998; Ghent and Tibuleac, 2002), or they may record different, but rheologically similar, processes.
\nGeologic mapping of the V–45 quadrangle constrains the geologic history of 12 lowland coronae and montes. Lowland coronae are relatively rare (10% of coronae); they do not form chains, typical of mesoland coronae (Phillips and Hansen, 1994), nor do they cluster, typical of highland coronae associated with volcanic rises (Stofan and others, 2001). The evolution of all coronae, whether by a single mechanism or a range of mechanisms, is a topic of debate (for example, Stofan and others, 1992, 2001; Vita-Finzi and others, 2005; Hamilton, 2005). The V–45 quadrangle hosts about 20 percent of the lowland coronae on Venus; the geologic history of these features should provide critical insight toward understanding coronae evolution.
\nTwo general classes of hypotheses have emerged to address the near random spatial distribution of ~970 apparently pristine impact craters across the surface of Venus: (1) catastrophic/episodic resurfacing and (2) equilibrium/evolutionary resurfacing. Catastrophic/episodic hypotheses propose that a global-scale, temporally punctuated event or events dominated Venus’ evolution and that the generally uniform impact crater distribution (Schaber and others, 1992; Phillips and others, 1992; Herrick and others, 1997) reflects craters that accumulated during relative global quiescence since that event (for example, Strom and others, 1994; Herrick, 1994; Turcotte and others, 1999). Equilibrium/evolutionary hypotheses suggest instead that the near random crater distribution results from relatively continuous, but spatially localized, resurfacing in which volcanic and (or) tectonic processes occur across the planet through time, although the style of operative processes may have varied temporally and spatially (for example, Phillips and others, 1992; Guest and Stofan, 1999; Hansen and Young, 2007). Geologic relations within the map area allow us to test the catastrophic/episodic versus equilibrium/evolutionary resurfacing hypotheses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3250","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Hansen, V.L., and Tharalson, E.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Agnesi quadrangle (V-45), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3250, Map: 45.42 x 38.42 inches; Pamphlet: i, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3250.","productDescription":"Map: 45.42 x 38.42 inches; Pamphlet: i, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025666","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438732,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MRI3CI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: USGS SIM 3250 Geologic Map of the Agnesi Quadrangle (V-45), Venus"},{"id":298010,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3250.gif"},{"id":298003,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3250/"},{"id":298009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3250/downloads/sim3250_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":298008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3250/downloads/sim3250_map.pdf","text":"Map","size":"59.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"},{"id":405393,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MRI3CI","text":"Interactive map","description":"Hansen, V.L., and Tharalson, E.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Agnesi quadrangle (V-45), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3250, scale 1:5,000,000, pamphlet 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3250.","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of the Agnesi Quadrangle (V-45), Venus, 1:5M. Hansen and Tharalson (2014)"}],"scale":"4711886","projection":"Lambert Projection","otherGeospatial":"Venus","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7b1e4b02d776a669e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Vicki L.","contributorId":101238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tharalson, Erik R.","contributorId":139305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tharalson","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6915,"text":"University of Minnesota - Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157479,"text":"70157479 - 2014 - Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T11:50:09","indexId":"70157479","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-28T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion","docAbstract":"The distribution of foraminifera in most of San Francisco Bay is well documented, but this is not the case for the subembayment known as Central Bay. To resolve this, 55 grab samples obtained in 1998 were analyzed to characterize the foraminiferal fauna in the surface sediments of the area. Thirty-five species were identified, including the invasive Japanese species Trochammina hadai that was introduced into the bay in the early 1980s. A cluster analysis of the samples from Central Bay produced three groups (biofacies) and one outlier. The Shallow Subtidal Biofacies is characterized by a marsh to shallow-subtidal agglutinated fauna, dominated by T. hadai but also including T. inflata, T. macrescens, Haplophragmoides subinvolutum, and Miliammina fusca. The Intermediate Subtidal Biofacies, the Intermediate Subtidal Outlier, and the Deep Subtidal Biofacies are dominated by calcareous taxa, most notably Ammonia tepida, Elphidium excavatum, and Elphidiella hannai. Ammonia tepida is most abundant in the warmer, intermediate depths of eastern Central Bay, abundances of E. excavatum peak in the cooler estuarine water near Alcatraz Island, and E. hannai thrives in the cold water west of Angel Island in a transitional setting between the deep subtidal estuarine and the nearshore marine environments. The recovery of oceanic species as far east as Angel Island indicate that western Central Bay is the most marine-influenced region of San Francisco Bay.
\nSamples collected from 1965 onward were also compared with those from 1998 to investigate how the distribution of benthic foraminifera in Central Bay has changed over the latter half of the 20th Century, particularly in response to the invasion by Trochammina hadai. In 1998, T. hadai was recovered at 46 of 55 sites in Central Bay, comprising from 0.3 to 97% (mean = 23%) of the foraminiferal fauna. With the species’ affiliation for shallow environments, it is not unexpected that it dominated the fauna of the Shallow Subtidal Biofacies (68-97%, mean = 77%) and was also a significant component of the Intermediate Subtidal Biofacies (7-51%, averaging 28%). In the deeper waters west of Alcatraz Island, the abundance of T. hadai was significantly less (mean = 8%), most likely reflecting allochthonous specimens that were the result of post-mortem transport. A cluster analysis clearly distinguishes pre- and post-invasion biofacies, illustrating how dominant T. hadai has become in Central Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"MicroPress","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2014, Late 20th Century benthic foraminiferal distribution in Central San Francisco Bay, California: Influence of the Trochammina hadai invasion: Micropaleontology, v. 60, no. 6, p. 519-542.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"542","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018614","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308501,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-313/article-1904","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.18969726562499,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64d5e4b058f706e536d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary L. 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":147188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary L.","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139553,"text":"70139553 - 2014 - Modeling a historical mountain pine beetle outbreak using Landsat MSS and multiple lines of evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-28T14:59:14","indexId":"70139553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-28T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling a historical mountain pine beetle outbreak using Landsat MSS and multiple lines of evidence","docAbstract":"Mountain pine beetles are significant forest disturbance agents, capable of inducing widespread mortality in coniferous forests in western North America. Various remote sensing approaches have assessed the impacts of beetle outbreaks over the last two decades. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of historical mountain pine beetle outbreaks, including the 1970s event that impacted Glacier National Park. The lack of spatially explicit data on this disturbance represents both a major data gap and a critical research challenge in that wildfire has removed some of the evidence from the landscape. We utilized multiple lines of evidence to model forest canopy mortality as a proxy for outbreak severity. We incorporate historical aerial and landscape photos, aerial detection survey data, a nine-year collection of satellite imagery and abiotic data. This study presents a remote sensing based framework to (1) relate measurements of canopy mortality from fine-scale aerial photography to coarse-scale multispectral imagery and (2) classify the severity of mountain pine beetle affected areas using a temporal sequence of Landsat data and other landscape variables. We sampled canopy mortality in 261 plots from aerial photos and found that insect effects on mortality were evident in changes to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over time. We tested multiple spectral indices and found that a combination of NDVI and the green band resulted in the strongest model. We report a two-step process where we utilize a generalized least squares model to account for the large-scale variability in the data and a binary regression tree to describe the small-scale variability. The final model had a root mean square error estimate of 9.8% canopy mortality, a mean absolute error of 7.6% and an R2 of 0.82. The results demonstrate that a model of percent canopy mortality as a continuous variable can be developed to identify a gradient of mountain pine beetle severity on the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.002","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Sibold, J., and Reich, R.M., 2014, Modeling a historical mountain pine beetle outbreak using Landsat MSS and multiple lines of evidence: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 155, p. 275-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057978","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 48.22101291025667\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 49.11523132594606\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 49.11523132594606\n ],\n [\n -113.15093994140625,\n 48.22101291025667\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 48.22101291025667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"155","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a98e4b08de9379b3128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibold, Jason","contributorId":10724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sibold","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reich, Robin M.","contributorId":98578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127402,"text":"70127402 - 2014 - Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:05:55","indexId":"70127402","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8)","docAbstract":"In the eighth volume of Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, the editors have returned to the original, comprehensive, taxa-based format last used in the fifth volume that was released in 2003. The book consists of 82 chapters, divided into taxonomic classes that include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and a general topics section. The editors deliberately selected new senior authors who are expert veterinary advisors for the various taxa. This international assemblage of authors is impressive, although the book would have benefited from a greater diversity of disciplinary expertise. Synthesis of the large and expanding body of knowledge about zoo and wild animal medicine is a Sisyphean task, but one that the editors have accomplished well. The chapters were well written and are beautifully illustrated with high-quality images and generally well referenced. Much of the information is summarized in tabular format, which I found both a blessing and a curse. Tabulation of hematologic variables and anesthetic doses is helpful; however, tabulation of information regarding infectious and parasitic diseases results in a loss of detail. For example, methods of diagnosis for some diseases are omitted from some tables. The need for succinctness results in trade-offs, and statements such as “Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis … is one of the most well described pathogens of anurans” with no further information leaves readers unsated. In addition, the book does not have any chapters on fish or invertebrates, which are notable omissions given the importance of these species. Those quibbles aside, this is a must-have book for all zoo and wild animal medicine students and practitioners. However, perhaps it is time to recognize that, during the 36 years since the first volume was published, this discipline has become too large to be contained in 1 book. This is largely because of the success of this book series, and it is a nice problem to have.
\nReview info: Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine (Volume 8). By R. Eric Miller & Murray E. Fowler, 2015. ISBN 978-1455773978, 773 pp.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association","doi":"10.2460/javma.245.12.1348","usgsCitation":"Sleeman, J.M., 2014, Book review: Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine (volume 8): Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 245, no. 12, p. 1353-1353, https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.245.12.1348.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1353","endPage":"1353","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059946","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"245","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ae4b08de9379b3004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133424,"text":"cir1357 - 2014 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado, 2003-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-10T19:31:37.565701","indexId":"cir1357","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1357","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado, 2003-05","docAbstract":"Availability and sustainability of groundwater in the Denver Basin aquifer system depend on water quantity and water quality. The Denver Basin aquifer system underlies about 7,000 square miles of the Great Plains in eastern Colorado and is the primary or sole source of water for domestic and public supply in many areas of the basin. Use of groundwater from the Denver Basin sandstone aquifers has been instrumental for development of the south Denver metropolitan area and other areas, but has resulted in a decline in water levels in some parts of the system. Human activities in many areas have adversely affected the quality of water in the aquifer system, especially the shallow parts. Groundwater in deeper parts of the system used for drinking water, once considered isolated from the effects of overlying land use, is increasingly vulnerable to contamination from human activities and geologic materials. Availability and sustainability of high-quality groundwater are vital to the economic health of the Denver Basin area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1357","usgsCitation":"Bauch, N.J., Musgrove, M., Mahler, B., and Paschke, S.S., 2014, The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Denver Basin aquifer system, Colorado, 2003-05: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1357, Report: vii, 100 p.; Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1357.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 100 p.; Appendix 2","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056275","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297420,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1357.jpg"},{"id":297419,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1357/"},{"id":297417,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1357/pdf/circ1357.pdf","size":"15.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1357/appendix/circ1357appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"548 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Table A2–1. Water-quality properties and constituents analyzed. Table A2–2. Water-quality data for samples collected Readme.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -103.29345703125,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -103.29345703125,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 38.634036452919226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac1e4b08de9379b31da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892 njbauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":1297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","email":"njbauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":1316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S. 0000-0002-3471-4242 spaschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-4242","contributorId":1347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"spaschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138206,"text":"70138206 - 2014 - Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-02T14:42:41","indexId":"70138206","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-15T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"Strong fluid underpressures have been detected in Paleozoic strata in the eastern Michigan Basin, with hydraulic heads reaching ~400 m below land surface (~4 MPa underpressure) and ~200 m below sea level in strata where unusually low permeabilities (~10−20–10−23 m2) were measured in situ. Multiple glaciations, including three with as much as 3 km of ice cover at the site in the last 120 ka, suggest a causal link with the underpressures. We examined this possibility using a one-dimensional groundwater flow model incorporating mechanical loading from both ice weight and lithospheric flexure. Because hydrologic and mechanical changes during glaciation are not well characterized and subsurface properties are imperfectly known, the model was used inversely to estimate flexural loads and loosely constrained permeabilities by matching observed pressures. Acceptable matches were obtained for a surprisingly wide range of scenarios with permeabilities close to measured values and plausible flexural loads. Matches were not obtained when too many parameters were preselected, or when permeabilities were constrained to be significantly larger than measured values. In successful model runs groundwater expulsion under glacial-mechanical loads caused the underpressuring, and flexural loads were important if aquifer and sub-glacial pressures were significantly elevated during glaciation. Simulated fluid pressures in the low-permeability strata fluctuated by 30–40 MPa during glacial cycles but resulted in advective transport of only tens of meters or less. Although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out, we conclude that glacial-mechanical forcing of a water-saturated system can explain the observed underpressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011643","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., and Provost, A.M., 2014, Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 12, p. 8748-8769, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011643.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"8748","endPage":"8769","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060238","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011643","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Michigan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.296875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 47.7097615426664\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 47.7097615426664\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 40.54720023441049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a87e4b08de9379b30d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Provost, Alden M. 0000-0002-4443-1107 aprovost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-1107","contributorId":2830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden","email":"aprovost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135681,"text":"sir20145227 - 2014 - Hydrographic survey of Chaktomuk, the confluence of the Mekong, Tonlé Sap, and Bassac Rivers near Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-15T12:52:06","indexId":"sir20145227","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-15T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5227","title":"Hydrographic survey of Chaktomuk, the confluence of the Mekong, Tonlé Sap, and Bassac Rivers near Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh Autonomous Port, and the Cambodian Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology, completed a hydrographic survey of Chaktomuk, which is the confluence of the Mekong, Tonlé Sap (also spelled Tônlé Sab), and Bassac Rivers near Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The hydrographic survey used a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system to map the riverbed during April 21–May 2, 2012.
\nThe multibeam echosounder mapping system was made up of several components: A RESON Seabat™ 7125 multibeam echosounder, an inertial measurement unit and navigation unit, data collection computers, and a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) base station. The survey area was divided into six survey subreaches and each subreach was surveyed within 3 days along survey lines oriented parallel to the flow direction. Complete coverage of the riverbed was the operational objective; however, to obtain broad spatial coverage, gaps between parallel swaths were permitted, especially in wide, shallow areas where multibeam swath widths were narrow.
\nThe survey was referenced to two existing bench marks with known geographic coordinates by establishing a GNSS base station on the bench marks each day and using real-time corrections from the base station to correct boat navigation data. The World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 84) ellipsoid was used during data collection to reference height, and data were adjusted to the local datum, Ha Tien 1960, during postprocessing.
\nThe quality of hydrographic surveys was described by an uncertainty estimate called total propagated uncertainty (TPU). Calculations of TPU were completed for the hydrographic survey data resulting in the maximum TPU of 0.33 meters. The mean and median TPUs were 0.18 meters, and 99.9 percent of TPU values were less than 0.25 meters.
\nDetailed hydrographic maps of Mekong, Tonlé Sap, and Bassac Rivers showing the riverbed elevations surveyed April 21–May 2, 2012, referenced to Ha Tien 1960 were produced. The surveyed area included a 2-km stretch of the Mekong River between the confluence with the Tonlé Sap and Bassac Rivers, and extended 4 km upstream and 3.6 km downstream from the 2,000-m confluence stretch of the Mekong River. In addition, 0.7 km of the Bassac River downstream and 3.5 km of the Tonlé Sap River (from the confluence to Chroy Changvar Bridge) upstream from their confluence with the Mekong River were surveyed. Riverbed features (such as dunes, shoals, and the effects of sediment mining, which were observed during data collection) are visible on the hydrographic maps. All surveys were completed at low annual water levels as referenced to nearby Mekong River Commission streamflow-gaging stations. Riverbed elevations surveyed ranged from 24.08 m below to 1.54 m above Ha Tien 1960.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, the Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh Autonomous Port, and the Cambodian Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, B.J., Densmore, B.K., and Wilson, R.C., 2014, Hydrographic survey of Chaktomuk, the confluence of the Mekong, Tonlé Sap, and Bassac Rivers near Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5227, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145227.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057927","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145227.jpg"},{"id":297293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5227/"},{"id":297294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5227/pdf/sir2014-5227.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"World Geodectic System 1984","country":"Cambodia","city":"Phnom Penh","otherGeospatial":"Bassac River, Chaktomuk, Mekong River, Tonlé Sap River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 103.64501953125,\n 10.914224006944366\n ],\n [\n 103.64501953125,\n 13.036669323115246\n ],\n [\n 105.8148193359375,\n 13.036669323115246\n ],\n [\n 105.8148193359375,\n 10.914224006944366\n ],\n [\n 103.64501953125,\n 10.914224006944366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a86e4b08de9379b30cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Richard C. wilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Richard","email":"wilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134080,"text":"sir20145219 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the White River near Edwardsport, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T13:40:48","indexId":"sir20145219","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5219","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the White River near Edwardsport, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3.3-mile reach of the White River near Edwardsport, (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03360730, White River near Edwardsport, Ind. Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site (site EDWI3.)
\nFlood profiles were computed for the White River near Edwardsport reach by means of a one-dimensional step-back-water model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 03360730, White River near Edwardsport, Ind., and high-water marks from the flood of April 2013. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 19 water-surface profiles for flood stages at approximately 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage 03360730 White River near Edwardsport, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the National Weather Service, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the White River near Edwardsport, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5219, Report: iv, 11 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145219.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025600","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145219.jpg"},{"id":297242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5219/pdf/sir2014-5219.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5219/"},{"id":297243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5219/downloads/gis_data","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Edwardsport","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.26800918579102,\n 38.770948699444624\n ],\n [\n -87.26800918579102,\n 38.833824233697726\n ],\n [\n -87.20312118530273,\n 38.833824233697726\n ],\n [\n -87.20312118530273,\n 38.770948699444624\n ],\n [\n -87.26800918579102,\n 38.770948699444624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a78e4b08de9379b308b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135268,"text":"70135268 - 2014 - White-nose syndrome initiates a cascade of physiologic disturbances in the hibernating bat host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-14T10:32:47","indexId":"70135268","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-14T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3845,"text":"BMC Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-nose syndrome initiates a cascade of physiologic disturbances in the hibernating bat host","docAbstract":"The physiological effects of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in hibernating bats and ultimate causes of mortality from infection with Pseudogymnoascus (formerly Geomyces) destructans are not fully understood. Increased frequency of arousal from torpor described among hibernating bats with late-stage WNS is thought to accelerate depletion of fat reserves, but the physiological mechanisms that lead to these alterations in hibernation behavior have not been elucidated. We used the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and clinical chemistry to evaluate energy use, body composition changes, and blood chemistry perturbations in hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) experimentally infected with P. destructans to better understand the physiological processes that underlie mortality from WNS.
\nThese data indicated that fat energy utilization, as demonstrated by changes in body composition, was two-fold higher for bats with WNS compared to negative controls. These differences were apparent in early stages of infection when torpor-arousal patterns were equivalent between infected and non-infected animals, suggesting that P. destructans has complex physiological impacts on its host prior to onset of clinical signs indicative of late-stage infections. Additionally, bats with mild to moderate skin lesions associated with early-stage WNS demonstrated a chronic respiratory acidosis characterized by significantly elevated dissolved carbon dioxide, acidemia, and elevated bicarbonate. Potassium concentrations were also significantly higher among infected bats, but sodium, chloride, and other hydration parameters were equivalent to controls.
\nIntegrating these novel findings on the physiological changes that occur in early-stage WNS with those previously documented in late-stage infections, we propose a multi-stage disease progression model that mechanistically describes the pathologic and physiologic effects underlying mortality of WNS in hibernating bats. This model identifies testable hypotheses for better understanding this disease, knowledge that will be critical for defining effective disease mitigation strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality that results from WNS.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd.","doi":"10.1186/s12899-014-0010-4","usgsCitation":"Verant, M.L., Meteyer, C.U., Speakman, J.R., Cryan, P.M., Lorch, J.M., and Blehert, D., 2014, White-nose syndrome initiates a cascade of physiologic disturbances in the hibernating bat host: BMC Physiology, v. 14, no. 10, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s12899-014-0010-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055615","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12899-014-0010-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ad0e4b08de9379b321e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verant, Michelle L. mverant@usgs.gov","contributorId":5566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verant","given":"Michelle","email":"mverant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speakman, John R.","contributorId":127833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speakman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":127747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David S.","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137249,"text":"70137249 - 2014 - Stochastic empirical loading and dilution model for analysis of flows, concentrations, and loads of highway runoff constituents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T08:36:49","indexId":"70137249","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-13T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic empirical loading and dilution model for analysis of flows, concentrations, and loads of highway runoff constituents","docAbstract":"In cooperation with FHWA, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the stochastic empirical loading and dilution model (SELDM) to supersede the 1990 FHWA runoff quality model. The SELDM tool is designed to transform disparate and complex scientific data into meaningful information about the adverse risks of runoff on receiving waters, the potential need for mitigation measures, and the potential effectiveness of such measures for reducing such risks. The SELDM tool is easy to use because much of the information and data needed to run it are embedded in the model and obtained by defining the site location and five simple basin properties. Information and data from thousands of sites across the country were compiled to facilitate the use of the SELDM tool. A case study illustrates how to use the SELDM tool for conducting the types of sensitivity analyses needed to properly assess water quality risks. For example, the use of deterministic values to model upstream stormflows instead of representative variations in prestorm flow and runoff may substantially overestimate the proportion of highway runoff in downstream flows. Also, the risks for total phosphorus excursions are substantially affected by the selected criteria and the modeling methods used. For example, if a single deterministic concentration is used rather than a stochastic population of values to model upstream concentrations, then the percentage of water quality excursions in the downstream receiving waters may depend entirely on the selected upstream concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Transportation Research Board of the National Academies","doi":"10.3141/2436-14","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Jones, S.C., 2014, Stochastic empirical loading and dilution model for analysis of flows, concentrations, and loads of highway runoff constituents: Transportation Research Record, v. 2436, p. 139-147, https://doi.org/10.3141/2436-14.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052062","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2436","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab8e4b08de9379b31a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Susan C. 0000-0002-5891-5209","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-5209","contributorId":64716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":34302,"text":"Federal Highway Administration (United States)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135683,"text":"ofr20131024G - 2014 - Airborne electromagnetic data and processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70135683,"text":"ofr20131024G - 2014 - Airborne electromagnetic data and processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024G","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Airborne Electromagnetic Data and Processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California","title":"Airborne electromagnetic data and processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T12:12:21","indexId":"ofr20131024G","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-12T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"G","displayTitle":"Airborne Electromagnetic Data and Processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California","title":"Airborne electromagnetic data and processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California","docAbstract":"From December 2010 to January 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted airborne electromagnetic and magnetic surveys of Leach Lake Basin within the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. These data were collected to characterize the subsurface and provide information needed to understand and manage groundwater resources within Fort Irwin. A resistivity stratigraphy was developed using ground-based time-domain electromagnetic soundings together with laboratory resistivity measurements on hand samples and borehole geophysical logs from nearby basins. This report releases data associated with the airborne surveys, as well as resistivity cross-sections and depth slices derived from inversion of the airborne electromagnetic data. The resulting resistivity models confirm and add to the geologic framework, constrain the hydrostratigraphy and the depth to basement, and reveal the distribution of faults and folds within the basin.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024G","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Bedrosian, P.A., Ball, L.B., and Bloss, B.R., 2014, Airborne electromagnetic data and processing within Leach Lake Basin, Fort Irwin, California, chap. G of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2013–1024, 20 p., \nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024G.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059815","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/g/downloads/OFR2013-1024-G.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297139,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/g/downloads/ofr2013-1024-g_appendix_a.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/g/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":297140,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/g/downloads/ofr2014-2014-g_appendix_b.zip","text":"Appendix B","size":"1.9 GB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The lateral blast, debris avalanche, and lahars of the May 18th, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, dramatically altered the surrounding landscape. Lava domes were extruded during the subsequent eruptive periods of 1980–1986 and 2004–2008. More than three decades after the emplacement of the 1980 debris avalanche, high sediment production persists in the North Fork Toutle River basin, which drains the northern flank of the volcano. Because this sediment increases the risk of flooding to downstream communities on the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), under the direction of Congress to maintain an authorized level of flood protection, built a sediment retention structure on the North Fork Toutle River in 1989 to help reduce this risk and to prevent sediment from clogging the shipping channel of the Columbia River. From September 16–20, 2009, Watershed Sciences, Inc., under contract to USACE, collected high-precision airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) data that cover 214 square kilometers (83 square miles) of Mount St. Helens and the upper North Fork Toutle River basin from the sediment retention structure to the volcano's crater. These data provide a digital dataset of the ground surface, including beneath forest cover. Such remotely sensed data can be used to develop sediment budgets and models of sediment erosion, transport, and deposition. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used these lidar data to develop digital elevation models (DEMs) of the study area. DEMs are fundamental to monitoring natural hazards and studying volcanic landforms, fluvial and glacial geomorphology, and surface geology. Watershed Sciences, Inc., provided files in the LASer (LAS) format containing laser returns that had been filtered, classified, and georeferenced. The USGS produced a hydro-flattened DEM from ground-classified points at Castle, Coldwater, and Spirit Lakes. Final results averaged about five laser last-return points per square meter. As reported by Watershed Sciences, Inc., vertical accuracy is 10 centimeters (cm) at the 95-percent confidence interval on bare road surfaces; however, over natural terrain, USGS found vertical accuracy to be 10–50 cm. This USGS data series contains the bare-earth lidar data as 1- and 10-meter (m) resolution Esri grid files. Digital-elevation data can be downloaded (1m_DEM.zip and 10m_DEM.zip), as well as a 1-m resolution hillshade image with pyramids (1m_hillshade.zip). These geospatial data files require geographic information system (GIS) software for viewing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds904","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., 2014, High-resolution digital elevation model of Mount St. Helens crater and upper North Fork Toutle River basin, Washington, based on an airborne lidar survey of September 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 904, Report: 24 p.; Readme; 1m DEM data; 10m DEM data; 1m hillshade image; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds904.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; Readme; 1m DEM data; 10m DEM data; 1m hillshade image; Metadata","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050820","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds904.gif"},{"id":297098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/"},{"id":297099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/1_readme.txt","size":"5 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"Report by Watershed Sciences, Inc., under contract to USACE, on high-precision airbone lidar data collected September 16–20, 2009"},{"id":297100,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/downloads/ds904_delivery_report.pdf","text":"Delivery Report","size":"13.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297103,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/downloads/1m_hillshade.zip","text":"1m hillshade","size":"211 MB","linkHelpText":"1-m resolution hillshade image with pyramids. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":297104,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/FGDC_Metadata.txt","size":"211 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":297101,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/downloads/1m_DEM.zip","text":"1m DEM","size":"572 MB","description":"Digital-elevation data","linkHelpText":"Digital-elevation data using bare-earth lidar data as 1-m resolution Esri grid files. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":297102,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0904/downloads/10m_DEM.zip","text":"10m DEM","size":"7.2 MB","description":"Digital-elevation data","linkHelpText":"Digital-elevation data using bare-earth lidar data as 10-m resolution Esri grid files. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens, upper North Fork Toutle River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58132934570311,\n 46.13702492883557\n ],\n [\n -122.58132934570311,\n 46.38293856752681\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 46.38293856752681\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 46.13702492883557\n ],\n [\n -122.58132934570311,\n 46.13702492883557\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a85e4b08de9379b30c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135353,"text":"70135353 - 2014 - Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T13:50:25","indexId":"70135353","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-08T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture","docAbstract":"Quantitative methods of spatial conservation prioritization have traditionally been applied to issues in conservation biology and reserve design, though their use in other types of natural resource management is growing. The utility maximization problem is one form of a covering problem where multiple criteria can represent the expected social benefits of conservation action. This approach allows flexibility with a problem formulation that is more general than typical reserve design problems, though the solution methods are very similar. However, few studies have addressed optimization in utility maximization problems for conservation planning, and the effect of solution procedure is largely unquantified. Therefore, this study mapped five criteria describing elements of multifunctional agriculture to determine a hypothetical conservation resource allocation plan for agricultural land conservation in the Central Valley of CA, USA. We compared solution procedures within the utility maximization framework to determine the difference between an open source integer programming approach and a greedy heuristic, and find gains from optimization of up to 12%. We also model land availability for conservation action as a stochastic process and determine the decline in total utility compared to the globally optimal set using both solution algorithms. Our results are comparable to other studies illustrating the benefits of optimization for different conservation planning problems, and highlight the importance of maximizing the effectiveness of limited funding for conservation and natural resource management.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ Inc.","publisherLocation":"Corte Madera, CA","doi":"10.7717/peerj.690","usgsCitation":"Kreitler, J.R., Stoms, D.M., and Davis, F., 2014, Optimization in the utility maximization framework for conservation planning: a comparison of solution procedures in a study of multifunctional agriculture: PeerJ, v. 2, 19 p.; e690, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.690.","productDescription":"19 p.; e690","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043247","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.690","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 37.43125050179356\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 37.43125050179356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9fe4b08de9379b3146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitler, Jason R. 0000-0002-0243-5281 jkreitler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-5281","contributorId":4050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","email":"jkreitler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoms, David M.","contributorId":127848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoms","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7167,"text":"California Energy Commission, previously UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Davis, Frank W.","contributorId":127849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Frank W.","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70137396,"text":"70137396 - 2014 - Investigation of geochemical indicators to evaluate the connection between inland and coastal groundwater systems near Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T13:26:16.602331","indexId":"70137396","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-08T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of geochemical indicators to evaluate the connection between inland and coastal groundwater systems near Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO) is a coastal sanctuary on the western side of the Island of Hawai‘i that was established in 1978 to preserve, interpret, and perpetuate traditional Native Hawaiian culture and activities. KAHO contains a variety of culturally and ecologically significant water resources and water-related habitat for species that have been declared as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or are candidate threatened or endangered species. These habitats are dependent on coastal unconfined groundwater in a freshwater-lens system. The coastal unconfined-groundwater system is recharged by local infiltration of rainfall but also may receive recharge from an inland groundwater system containing groundwater impounded to high altitudes. The area inland of and near KAHO is being rapidly urbanized and increased groundwater withdrawals from the inland impounded-groundwater system may affect habitat and water quality in KAHO, depending on the extent of connection between the coastal unconfined groundwater and inland impounded-groundwater. An investigation of the geochemistry of surface-water and groundwater samples in and near KAHO was performed to evaluate the presence or absence of a connection between the inland impounded- and coastal unconfined-groundwater systems in the area. Analyses of major ions, selected trace elements, rare-earth elements, and strontium-isotope ratio results from ocean, fishpond, anchialine pool, and groundwater samples were consistent with a linear mixing process between the inland impounded and coastal unconfined-groundwater systems. Stable isotopes of water in many samples from the coastal unconfined-groundwater system require an aggregate recharge altitude that is substantially higher than the boundary between the coastal unconfined and inland impounded systems, a further indication of a hydrologic connection between the two systems. The stable isotope composition of the freshwater component of water samples from KAHO indicates that about 25–70% of the freshwater is derived from the inland impounded system.
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High dissolved-solids loading to the River and tributaries are derived primarily from geologic material deposited in inland seas in the mid-to-late Cretaceous Period, but this loading may be increased by human activities. High dissolved solids in the River causes substantial damages to users, primarily in reduced agricultural crop yields and corrosion. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program was created to manage dissolved-solids loading to the River and has focused primarily on reducing irrigation-related loading from agricultural areas. This work presents a reconnaissance of existing data from sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) in order to highlight areas where suspended-sediment control measures may be useful in reducing dissolved-solids concentrations. Multiple linear regression was used on data from 164 sites in the UCRB to develop dissolved-solids models that include combinations of explanatory variables of suspended sediment, flow, and time. Results from the partial t-test, overall likelihood ratio, and partial likelihood ratio on the models were used to group the sites into categories of strong, moderate, weak, and no-evidence of a relation between suspended-sediment and dissolved-solids concentrations. Results show 68 sites have strong or moderate evidence of a relation, with drainage areas for many of these sites composed of a large percentage of clastic sedimentary rocks. These results could assist water managers in the region in directing field-scale evaluation of suspended-sediment control measures to reduce UCRB dissolved-solids loading.
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