This article presents deep seismic-reflection data from an experiment across San Francisco Peninsula in 1995 using large (125 to 500 kg) explosive sources. Shot gathers show a mostly nonreflective upper crust in both the Franciscan and Salinian terranes (juxtaposed across the San Andreas fault), an onset of weak lower-crustal reflectivity beginning at about 6-sec two-way travel time (TWTT) and bright southwest-dipping reflections between 11 and 13 sec TWTT. Previous studies have shown that the Moho in this area is no deeper than 25 km (∼8 to 9 sec TWTT). Three-dimensional reflection travel-time modeling of the 11 to 13 sec events from the shot gathers indicates that the bright events may be explained by reflectors 15 to 20 km into the upper mantle, northeast of the San Andreas fault. However, upper mantle reflections from these depths were not observed on marine-reflection profiles collected in San Francisco Bay, nor were they reported from a refraction prifile on San Francisco Peninsula. The most consistent interpretation of these events from 2D raytracing and 3D travel-time modeling is that they are out-of-plane reflections from a high-angle (dipping ∼70° to the southwest) impedance contrast in the lower crust that corresponds with the surface trace of the Hayward fault. These results suggest that the Hayward fault truncates the horizontal detachment fault suggested to be active beneath San Francisco Bay.
Three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs velocity models for the Loma Prieta region were developed from the inversion of local travel time data (21,925 P arrivals and 1,116 S arrivals) from earthquakes, refraction shots, and blasts recorded on 1700 stations from the Northern California Seismic Network and numerous portable seismograph deployments. The velocity and density models and microearthquake hypocenters reveal a complex structure that includes a San Andreas fault extending to the base of the seismogenic layer. A body with high Vp extends the length of the rupture and fills the 5 km wide volume between the Loma Prieta mainshock rupture and the San Andreas and Sargent faults. We suggest that this body controls both the pattern of background seismicity on the San Andreas and Sargent faults and the extent of rupture during the mainshock, thus explaining how the background seismicity outlined the along-strike and depth extent of the mainshock rupture on a different fault plane 5 km away. New aftershock focal mechanisms, based on three-dimensional ray tracing through the velocity model, support a heterogeneous postseismic stress field and can not resolve a uniform fault normal compression. The subvertical (or steeply dipping) San Andreas fault and the fault surfaces that ruptured in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are both parts of the San Andreas fault zone and this section of the fault zone does not have a single type of characteristic event.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JB01984","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., and Michael, A., 1998, Seismotectonics of the Loma Prieta, California, region determined from three-dimensional Vp, Vp/Vs, and seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 9, p. 21099-21120, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB01984.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"21099","endPage":"21120","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd8e4b08c986b317b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, D.","contributorId":80428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001815,"text":"1001815 - 1998 - Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:47:50","indexId":"1001815","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Identification and assessment of the relative importance of factors affecting duckling growth and survival are essential for effective management of mallards on breeding areas. For each of 3 years (1993-95), we placed F1-generation wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) females on experimental wetlands and allowed them to mate, nest, and rear broods for 17 days. We manipulated invertebrate densities by introducing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at high densities in half of the wetlands on which broods were confined. Day-17 body mass of surviving ducklings (n = 183) was greater for ducklings that were heavier at hatch; the difference averaged 1.7 g at day 17 for each 1.0 g at hatch (P = 0.047). Growth ratio (the proportion of body mass attained by ducklings when they were last measured relative to that predicted for wild female mallard ducklings) also was positively related to body mass at hatch (P = 0.004). Mean day-17 body mass and mean growth ratio of ducklings per brood (each adjusted for body mass at hatch) were positively related to numbers of aquatic invertebrates (Ps < 0.001) and negatively related to variance in the daily minimum air temperature during the exposure period (Ps < 0.020). Early growth of mallards was more sensitive to variation in numbers of invertebrates than to air temperature or biomass of invertebrates. Duckling survival was positively related to growth ratio (P < 0.001). Our study provides parameter estimates that are essential for modeling growth and survival of mallard ducklings. We emphasize the need for conserving brood-rearing wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region that are capable of supporting high densities of aquatic invertebrates.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802270","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., Hanson, M., Roy, C., Euliss, N., Johnson, D.H., and Butler, M.G., 1998, Mallard duckling growth and survival in relation to aquatic invertebrates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 1, p. 124-133, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802270.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, M.A.","contributorId":61393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, C.C.","contributorId":30589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Malcolm G.","contributorId":56188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12813,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020537,"text":"70020537 - 1998 - The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:21:27","indexId":"70020537","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator","docAbstract":"There is concern that decreases in stratospheric ozone will lead to hazardous levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation at the Earth's surface. In clear water, UV-B may penetrate to significant depths. The purpose of the current study was to compare the sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to UV-B. We used a solar simulator, calibrated to match local ambient solar radiation, to expose five species of freshwater invertebrates to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation. UV-B measurements in a eutrophic pond revealed that 10% of the irradiance penetrated to 30-cm depth and 1% to 57-cm depth. The irradiance at the upper 5-20 cm was comparable to levels used in the simulator. Median lethal dose (LD50) values were determined for the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Scapholeberis kingii (two induced color morphs), and Daphnia magna; the ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens; and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Among the species, 96-h LD50 estimates were quite variable, ranging from 4.2 to 84.0 ??W cm-2. These estimates indicated S. kingii to be highly sensitive and H. azteca, C. reticulata, and D. magna to be moderately sensitive, whereas the ostracod C. incongruens was very tolerant to UV-B radiation. Overall, this study suggests that, in shallow ponds without physical refuges, UV-B radiation would have the strongest effects upon cladocerans and amphipods occurring in the water column, whereas ostracods would be better protected.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1082","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Hurtubise, R., Havel, J., and Little, E.E., 1998, The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater invertebrates: Experiments with a solar simulator: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 6, p. 1082-1088, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.6.1082.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1082","endPage":"1088","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baba3e4b08c986b322f8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurtubise, R.D.","contributorId":61592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurtubise","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Havel, J.E.","contributorId":72548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185265,"text":"70185265 - 1998 - Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T11:27:46","indexId":"70185265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","docAbstract":"The performance of parametric models used to describe soil water retention (SWR) properties and predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) as a function of volumetric water content (θ) is examined using SWR and K(θ) data for coarse sand and gravel sediments. Six 70 cm long, 10 cm diameter cores of glacial outwash were instrumented at eight depths with porous cup ten-siometers and time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil water pressure head (h) and θ, respectively, for seven unsaturated and one saturated steady-state flow conditions. Forty-two θ(h) and K(θ) relationships were measured from the infiltration tests on the cores. Of the four SWR models compared in the analysis, the van Genuchten (1980) equation with parameters m and n restricted according to the Mualem (m = 1 - 1/n) criterion is best suited to describe the θ(h) relationships. The accuracy of two models that predict K(θ) using parameter values derived from the SWR models was also evaluated. The model developed by van Genuchten (1980) based on the theoretical expression of Mualem (1976) predicted K(θ) more accurately than the van Genuchten (1980) model based on the theory of Burdine (1953). A sensitivity analysis shows that more accurate predictions of K(θ) are achieved using SWR model parameters derived with residual water content (θr) specified according to independent measurements of θ at values of h where θ/h ∼ 0 rather than model-fit θr values. The accuracy of the model K(θ) function improves markedly when at least one value of unsaturated K is used to scale the K(θ) function predicted using the saturated K. The results of this investigation indicate that the hydraulic properties of coarse-grained sediments can be accurately described using the parametric models. In addition, data collection efforts should focus on measuring at least one value of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and as complete a set of SWR data as possible, particularly in the dry range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x","usgsCitation":"Mace, A., Rudolph, D.L., and Kachanoski, R.G., 1998, Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 3, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mace, Andy","contributorId":189473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mace","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudolph, David L.","contributorId":189474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kachanoski, R. Gary","contributorId":189475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kachanoski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186281,"text":"70186281 - 1998 - Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:25:48","indexId":"70186281","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses","docAbstract":"Ecosystem studies are difficult to interpret because of the complexity and number of pathways that may affect a phenomenon of interest. It is not possible to study all aspects of a problem; thus subjective judgment is required to weigh what has been observed in the context of components that were not studied but may have been important. This subjective judgment is usually a poorly documented and ad hoc addendum to a statistical analysis of the data. We present a Bayesian methodology for documenting, quantifying, and incorporating these necessary subjective elements into an ecosystem study. The end product of this methodology is the probability of each of the competing hypotheses. As an example, this method is applied to an ecosystem study designed to discriminate among competing hypotheses for a low abundance of sea otters at a previously oiled site in Prince William Sound, Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on fishery stock assessment models for the 21st century; 15th Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" International Symposium on Fishery Stock Assessment Models for the 21st Century; 15th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 8-11, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.4027/fsam.1998","isbn":"978-1-56612-057-9","usgsCitation":"Adkison, M.D., Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., and Holland-Bartels, L.E., 1998, Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses, in Proceedings of the international symposium on fishery stock assessment models for the 21st century; 15th Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Fairbanks, AK, October 8-11, 1997, p. 495-509, https://doi.org/10.4027/fsam.1998.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"509","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40687","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","publicComments":"Larger Work is University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. AK-SG-98-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997ecca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funk, F.","contributorId":190308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, T.J. II","contributorId":190310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.J.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heifetz, J.","contributorId":190311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heifetz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ianelli, J.N.","contributorId":190312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ianelli","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powers, J.E.","contributorId":190313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schweigert, J.F.","contributorId":190314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweigert","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688144,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, C.-I.","contributorId":190315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"C.-I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688146,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}],"authors":[{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":688138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019867,"text":"70019867 - 1998 - Sorption and modeling of mass transfer of toxic chemical vapors in activated-carbon fiber-cloth adsorbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T01:03:43.035149","indexId":"70019867","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption and modeling of mass transfer of toxic chemical vapors in activated-carbon fiber-cloth adsorbers","docAbstract":"A new activated-carbon fiber-cloth (ACFC) adsorber coupled with an electrothermal regenerator and a cryogenic condenser was designed and developed to efficiently capture and recover toxic chemical vapors (TCVs) from simulated industrial gas streams. The system was characterized for adsorption by ACFC, electrothermal desorption, and cryogenic condensation to separate acetone and methyl ethyl ketone from gas streams. Adsorption dynamics are numerically modeled to predict system characteristics during scale-up and optimization of the process in the future. The model requires diffusivities of TCVs into an activated-carbon fiber (ACF) as an input. Effective diffusivities of TCVs into ACFs were modeled as a function of temperature, concentration, and pore size distribution. Effective diffusivities for acetone at 65 °C and 30−60 ppmv were measured using a chromatography method. The energy factor for surface diffusion was determined from comparison between the experimental and modeled effective diffusivities. The modeled effective diffusivities were used in a dispersive computational model to predict mass transfer zones of TCVs in fixed beds of ACFC under realistic conditions for industrial applications.
The current conservation crisis calls for research and management to be carried out on a long-term, multi-species basis at large spatial scales. Unfortunately, scientists, managers, and agencies often are stymied in their effort to conduct these large-scale studies because of a lack of appropriate technology, methodology, and funding. This issue is of particular concern in wetland conservation, for which the standard landscape approach may include consideration of a large tract of land but fail to incorporate the suite of wetland sites frequently used by highly mobile organisms such as waterbirds (e.g., shorebirds, wading birds, waterfowl). Typically, these species have population dynamics that require use of multiple wetlands, but this aspect of their life history has often been ignored in planning for their conservation. We outline theoretical, empirical, modeling, and planning problems associated with this issue and suggest solutions to some current obstacles. These solutions represent a tradeoff between typical in-depth single-species studies and more generic multi-species studies. They include studying within- and among-season movements of waterbirds on a spatial scale appropriate to both widely dispersing and more stationary species; multi-species censuses at multiple sites; further development and use of technology such as satellite transmitters and population-specific molecular markers; development of spatially explicit population models that consider within-season movements of waterbirds; and recognition from funding agencies that landscape-level issues cannot adequately be addressed without support for these types of studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Mehlman, D., and Oring, L., 1998, Avian movements and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 749-758, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97102.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehlman, D.W.","contributorId":9626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187672,"text":"70187672 - 1998 - Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:41:13","indexId":"70187672","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","docAbstract":"A regression model approach using a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has the potential for estimating crop production in East Africa. However, before production estimation can become a reality, the underlying model assumptions and statistical nature of the sample data (NDVI and crop production) must be examined rigorously. Annual maize production statistics from 1982-90 for 36 agricultural districts within Kenya were used as the dependent variable; median area NDVI (independent variable) values from each agricultural district and year were extracted from the annual maximum NDVI data set. The input data and the statistical association of NDVI with maize production for Kenya were tested systematically for the following items: (1) homogeneity of the data when pooling the sample, (2) gross data errors and influence points, (3) serial (time) correlation, (4) spatial autocorrelation and (5) stability of the regression coefficients. The results of using a simple regression model with NDVI as the only independent variable are encouraging (r 0.75, p 0.05) and illustrate that NDVI can be a responsive indicator of maize production, especially in areas of high NDVI spatial variability, which coincide with areas of production variability in Kenya.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311698214677","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J., Rowland, J., and Nadeau, A., 1998, Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 19, no. 13, p. 2609-2617, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698214677.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2617","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bae4b044b359e486b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, J.E.","contributorId":37388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nadeau, A.","contributorId":182399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175703,"text":"70175703 - 1998 - Estimator selection for closed-population capture: recapture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:33:11.110059","indexId":"70175703","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimator selection for closed-population capture: recapture","docAbstract":"For valid statistical inference, it is important to select an appropriate statistical model. In the analysis of capture-recapture data under the closed-population models of Otis et al. (1978), information theoretic and hypothesis testing approaches to model selection are not practical, because some of the models have likelihoods with nonidenti- fiable parameters. A further problem is that, for some of the Otis et al. models, multiple estimators exist but there is no objective basis for deciding which estimator to use for a particular dataset. In CAPTURE, a computer program for estimating parameters un- der the closed models of Otis et al., a linear discriminant classifier is used to select an appropriate model. This classifier frequently selects the incorrect generating model in simulation studies, and it provides no guidance on which estimator to use once a model has been selected. In this study, we develop new classifiers for selecting the best esti- mator (as opposed to the generating model) and evaluate their performance. In addition, we investigate an estimator averaging approach to estimation that is a modification of the model averaging approach described by Buckland et al. (1997). We found that, in general, the overall performance of the new classifiers was unimpressive. In contrast, the estimator averaging approach we investigated performed well.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1400647","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Estimator selection for closed-population capture: recapture: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 131-150, https://doi.org/10.2307/1400647.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc58e4b03fd6b7d94c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174937,"text":"70174937 - 1998 - Evaluating landscape health: Integrating societal goals and biophysical process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:21:25","indexId":"70174937","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating landscape health: Integrating societal goals and biophysical process","docAbstract":"Evaluating landscape change requires the integration of the social and natural sciences. The social sciences contribute to articulating societal values that govern landscape change, while the natural sciences contribute to understanding the biophysical processes that are influenced by human activity and result in ecological change. Building upon Aldo Leopold's criteria for landscape health, the roles of societal values and biophysical processes in shaping the landscape are explored. A framework is developed for indicators of landscape health and integrity. Indicators of integrity are useful in measuring biological condition relative to the condition in landscapes largely unaffected by human activity, while indicators of health are useful in evaluating changes in highly modified landscapes. Integrating societal goals and biophysical processes requires identification of ecological services to be sustained within a given landscape. It also requires the proper choice of temporal and spatial scales. Societal values are based upon inter-generational concerns at regional scales (e.g. soil and ground water quality). Assessing the health and integrity of the environment at the landscape scale over a period of decades best integrates societal values with underlying biophysical processes. These principles are illustrated in two contrasting case studies: (1) the South Platte River study demonstrates the role of complex biophysical processes acting at a distance; and (2) the Kissimmee River study illustrates the critical importance of social, cultural and economic concerns in the design of remedial action plans. In both studies, however, interactions between the social and the biophysical governed the landscape outcomes. The legacy of evolution and the legacy of culture requires integration for the purpose of effectively coping with environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1006/jema.1998.0187","usgsCitation":"Rapport, D., Gaudet, C., Karr, J., Baron, J., Bohlen, C., Jackson, W., Jones, B., Naiman, R., Norton, B., and Pollock, M.M., 1998, Evaluating landscape health: Integrating societal goals and biophysical process: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 53, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1998.0187.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57934446e4b0eb1ce79e8bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rapport, D.J.","contributorId":113178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapport","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaudet, C.","contributorId":173076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaudet","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karr, J.R.","contributorId":74091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karr","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bohlen, C.","contributorId":173077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohlen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, W.","contributorId":173078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Bruce","contributorId":178280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36810,"text":"U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Naiman, R.J.","contributorId":14354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naiman","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norton, B.","contributorId":111489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pollock, M. M.","contributorId":173079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70174361,"text":"70174361 - 1998 - Flow and suspended particulate transport in a tidal bottom layer, south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-21T12:03:11.146729","indexId":"70174361","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Flow and suspended particulate transport in a tidal bottom layer, south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Field investigations of the hydrodynamics and the resuspension and transport of particulate matter in a bottom boundary layer were carried out in South San Francisco Bay, California during March-April 1995. The GEOPROBE, an instrumented bottom tripod, and broad-band acousti Doppler current profilers were used in this investigation. The instrument assemblage provided detailed measurements of 1) turbulent mean velocity distribution within 1.5 m of sediment-w interface; 2) characteristics of 3-D tidal current in the water column; 3) friction velocity u* or bottom shear stress and bottom roughness length zo; 4) hydrodynamic conditions conducive for s resuspension; and 5) circulation patterns which are responsible for transporting suspended particulate matter in South San Francisco Bay. An unusual flow event was recorded by the instruments during March 8-11, 1995. A 3-D numerical model was implemented which re qualitatively, the unusual observations and supported the hypothesis that the unusual flow event caused by a combination of wind driven circulation and weak neap tides.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of estuaries and coastal seas: Proceedings of the 8th International Biennial Conference on Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"8th International Biennial Conference on Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas","conferenceDate":"September 9-12, 1996","conferenceLocation":"the Hague, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"A. A. Balkema","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Gartner, J.W., Cacchione, D., and Tate, G.B., 1998, Flow and suspended particulate transport in a tidal bottom layer, south San Francisco Bay, California, in Physics of estuaries and coastal seas: Proceedings of the 8th International Biennial Conference on Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas, the Hague, Netherlands, September 9-12, 1996, p. 3-12.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40692138671874,\n 37.804358908571395\n ],\n [\n -122.3052978515625,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.33139038085936,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -122.25448608398436,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -122.19680786132812,\n 37.7109857819458\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 37.6631679243197\n ],\n [\n -122.14462280273436,\n 37.612055711412815\n ],\n [\n -122.13912963867188,\n 37.580500850738936\n ],\n [\n -122.10479736328125,\n 37.58158917213053\n ],\n [\n -122.0855712890625,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -122.06771850585939,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -122.00180053710936,\n 37.48575600784828\n ],\n [\n -121.94274902343749,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -121.93038940429688,\n 37.45632796865522\n ],\n [\n -121.95510864257811,\n 37.438883664067525\n ],\n [\n -122.02789306640625,\n 37.43343148473673\n ],\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 37.43343148473673\n ],\n [\n -122.12814331054686,\n 37.497741887143576\n ],\n [\n -122.14462280273436,\n 37.507547084964116\n ],\n [\n -122.18582153320312,\n 37.5151724596446\n ],\n [\n -122.22015380859374,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -122.27371215820312,\n 37.572882155556194\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 37.59138334872581\n ],\n [\n -122.36846923828125,\n 37.60226425565787\n ],\n [\n -122.38082885742189,\n 37.655557695625056\n ],\n [\n -122.39318847656249,\n 37.70446698048763\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 37.72402166460628\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -122.40692138671874,\n 37.804358908571395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb6e4b0811616822335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174365,"text":"70174365 - 1998 - A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:42:43","indexId":"70174365","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) installed Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS) in San Francisco Bay, California to provide observations of tides, tidal currents, and meteorological conditions. PORTS data are used for optimizing vessel operations, increasing margin of safety for navigation, and guiding hazardous material spill prevention and response. Because tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay are extremely complex, limited real-time observations are insufficient to provide spatial resolution for variations of tides and tidal currents. To fill the information gaps, a highresolution, robust, semi-implicit, finite-difference nowcast numerical model has been implemented for San Francisco Bay. The model grid and water depths are defined on coordinates based on Mercator projection so the model outputs can be directly superimposed on navigation charts. A data assimilation algorithm has been established to derive the boundary conditions for model simulations. The nowcast model is executed every hour continuously for tides and tidal currents starting from 24 hours before the present time (now) covering a total of 48 hours simulation. Forty-eight hours of nowcast model results are available to the public at all times through the World Wide Web (WWW). Users can view and download the nowcast model results for tides and tidal current distributions in San Francisco Bay for their specific applications and for further analysis.
","conferenceTitle":"Ocean community conference","conferenceDate":"November 15-19","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Technology Society","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Smith, R., 1998, A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California, Ocean community conference, Baltimore, Maryland, November 15-19, p. 537-543.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"543","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/publications/pdf/cheng_1998_nowcast_model.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 38.05025395161286\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 38.078365629967145\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 38.08052761936274\n ],\n [\n -122.03338623046874,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -121.98532104492186,\n 38.11078875872392\n ],\n [\n -121.99630737304688,\n 38.136716904135376\n ],\n [\n -122.03201293945311,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -122.06497192382811,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -122.08969116210938,\n 38.096740502286536\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 38.053498158026564\n ],\n [\n -122.19131469726561,\n 38.06863588670429\n ],\n [\n -122.23526000976561,\n 38.07187927827001\n ],\n [\n -122.40280151367188,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.43301391601562,\n 38.11943249695316\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 38.109708219514644\n ],\n [\n -122.49893188476561,\n 38.0513353697269\n ],\n [\n -122.49343872070312,\n 38.017803980061146\n ],\n [\n -122.44949340820312,\n 37.990751356571195\n ],\n [\n -122.48931884765626,\n 37.96477144899956\n ],\n [\n -122.49893188476561,\n 37.94094845586459\n ],\n [\n -122.50030517578124,\n 37.92578434712101\n ],\n [\n -122.45773315429689,\n 37.88786039168385\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 37.89436302930203\n ],\n [\n -122.5140380859375,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.84232584933158\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 37.82822612280363\n ],\n [\n -122.48245239257812,\n 37.795678008523424\n ],\n [\n -122.44262695312501,\n 37.80761398306056\n ],\n [\n -122.398681640625,\n 37.803273851858656\n ],\n [\n -122.38494873046875,\n 37.75551557687061\n ],\n [\n -122.38082885742189,\n 37.70663997801686\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.678386041261184\n ],\n [\n -122.36984252929688,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 37.565262680889965\n ],\n [\n -122.24761962890625,\n 37.55219891098551\n ],\n [\n -122.19406127929688,\n 37.53259896192619\n ],\n [\n -122.17346191406249,\n 37.50645768213012\n ],\n [\n -122.13912963867188,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 37.474858084971046\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 37.44106442458555\n ],\n [\n -122.08282470703124,\n 37.43234100120862\n ],\n [\n -122.02377319335938,\n 37.42906945530329\n ],\n [\n -121.98806762695311,\n 37.42797890822844\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -121.97982788085938,\n 37.48575600784828\n ],\n [\n -122.04849243164061,\n 37.49883141715704\n ],\n [\n -122.08831787109375,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -122.09793090820311,\n 37.57070524233116\n ],\n [\n -122.10067749023438,\n 37.58920697640769\n ],\n [\n -122.14462280273436,\n 37.5935596574017\n ],\n [\n -122.15560913085938,\n 37.64794668685352\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 37.70229391925025\n ],\n [\n -122.23937988281251,\n 37.71641767847623\n ],\n [\n -122.25860595703125,\n 37.738141282210385\n ],\n [\n -122.21328735351562,\n 37.74791482485267\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 37.7761422535397\n ],\n [\n -122.3272705078125,\n 37.80001858607365\n ],\n [\n -122.31353759765624,\n 37.823887203271454\n ],\n [\n -122.30392456054688,\n 37.87593739777859\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 37.91061711049342\n ],\n [\n -122.37808227539061,\n 37.91061711049342\n ],\n [\n -122.42477416992186,\n 37.95394377350263\n ],\n [\n -122.43026733398438,\n 37.966936792535144\n ],\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 37.960440570360944\n ],\n [\n -122.37945556640624,\n 37.98100996893789\n ],\n [\n -122.35885620117186,\n 38.00698412839117\n ],\n [\n -122.30255126953126,\n 38.01131226070673\n ],\n [\n -122.2613525390625,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -122.24075317382812,\n 38.05782354290831\n ],\n [\n -122.19680786132812,\n 38.0545795282119\n ],\n [\n -122.17208862304686,\n 38.035112420612975\n ],\n [\n -122.1514892578125,\n 38.019967758742766\n ],\n [\n -122.0745849609375,\n 38.04700960141592\n ],\n [\n -122.03887939453125,\n 38.053498158026564\n ],\n [\n -121.94961547851562,\n 38.04592811939909\n ],\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 38.05025395161286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceaee4b081161682229c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard E.","contributorId":146652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000802,"text":"1000802 - 1998 - Estimation of invertebrate production from patterns of fish predation in western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T14:02:01","indexId":"1000802","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of invertebrate production from patterns of fish predation in western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"We used bioenergetic models for lake herring Coregonus artedi, bloater Coregonus hoyi, and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax to estimate consumption of zooplankton,Mysis, andDiporeia in western Lake Superior for selected years between 1978 and 1995. Total invertebrate biomass consumed yearly ranged from 2.5 to 38 g/m2 with nearly 40% consumed between August and October in all years. Copepod zooplankton represented the largest proportion of biomass collectively consumed by the three species (81%), although rainbow smelt consumed almost twice as much Mysis as zooplankton. Growth efficiency was highest for rainbow smelt (3.84–16.64%) and lower for the coregonids (1.91–12.26%). In the absence of quantitative secondary production values, we suggest our estimates of predatory demand provide a conservative range of the minimum invertebrate production in western Lake Superior during the past 20 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0496:EOIPFP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.B., Mason, D.M., Bronte, C.R., and Kitchell, J.F., 1998, Estimation of invertebrate production from patterns of fish predation in western Lake Superior: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 3, p. 496-506, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0496:EOIPFP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Timothy B.","contributorId":49753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, Doran M.","contributorId":75114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Doran","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kitchell, James F.","contributorId":18324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1016515,"text":"1016515 - 1998 - Large-scale fire disturbance: From concepts to models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:33:01","indexId":"1016515","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale fire disturbance: From concepts to models","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
U–Pb ages of individual detrital and metamorphic zircons from 12 Archean metasedimentary rocks, including quartzites, from the Beartooth, Ruby, and Tobacco Root uplifts of the northern Wyoming province indicate that they were deposited between 2.7 and 3.2 Ga. Younger, metamorphic zircons are found as overgrowths and new grains in some samples, and yield ages between 2.7 and 1.9 Ga. They are, however, much less abundant than detrital grains, which constitute >75% of the 355 grains analyzed. The majority of the detrital grains have ages between 3.2 and 3.4 Ga; none are younger than 2.9 Ga. Grains with 207Pb/206Pb ages between 3.4 and 4.0 Ga constituted approximately 15% of all grains with analyses within 10% of concordia, but are concentrated in samples from the eastern Beartooth Mountains. Comparison of the average of the Pb–Pb ages of individual zircons within 10% of concordia with previously published Lu–Hf chondritic model ages for some individual samples suggests that the age distribution recorded by the U–Pb system in these zircons has not been significantly disturbed by pre- or post-depositional Pb-loss. Collectively, these data suggest that the individual metasedimentary rocks did not completely share a common provenance and that a major crust-forming cycle occurred 3.2 to 3.4 Ga. In conjunction with previously published U–Th–Pb whole-rock data, these results suggest that rocks with a relatively high proportion of >3.4 Ga grains may have had crust of comparable age in their provenance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P., Wooden, J.L., Nutman, A., and Mogk, D., 1998, Early Archean crust in the northern Wyoming province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons: Precambrian Research, v. 91, no. 3-4, p. 295-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00055-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0474e4b0c8380cd509c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nutman, A.P.","contributorId":16177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutman","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021386,"text":"70021386 - 1998 - Assessing map accuracy in a remotely sensed, ecoregion-scale cover map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021386","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing map accuracy in a remotely sensed, ecoregion-scale cover map","docAbstract":"Landscape- and ecoregion-based conservation efforts increasingly use a spatial component to organize data for analysis and interpretation. A challenge particular to remotely sensed cover maps generated from these efforts is how best to assess the accuracy of the cover maps, especially when they can exceed 1000 s/km2 in size. Here we develop and describe a methodological approach for assessing the accuracy of large-area cover maps, using as a test case the 21.9 million ha cover map developed for Utah Gap Analysis. As part of our design process, we first reviewed the effect of intracluster correlation and a simple cost function on the relative efficiency of cluster sample designs to simple random designs. Our design ultimately combined clustered and subsampled field data stratified by ecological modeling unit and accessibility (hereafter a mixed design). We next outline estimation formulas for simple map accuracy measures under our mixed design and report results for eight major cover types and the three ecoregions mapped as part of the Utah Gap Analysis. Overall accuracy of the map was 83.2% (SE=1.4). Within ecoregions, accuracy ranged from 78.9% to 85.0%. Accuracy by cover type varied, ranging from a low of 50.4% for barren to a high of 90.6% for man modified. In addition, we examined gains in efficiency of our mixed design compared with a simple random sample approach. In regard to precision, our mixed design was more precise than a simple random design, given fixed sample costs. We close with a discussion of the logistical constraints facing attempts to assess the accuracy of large-area, remotely sensed cover maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00246-5","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Moisen, G.G., and Cutler, D., 1998, Assessing map accuracy in a remotely sensed, ecoregion-scale cover map: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 63, no. 1, p. 73-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00246-5.","startPage":"73","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00246-5"},{"id":229673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eddae4b0c8380cd49a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moisen, Gretchen G.","contributorId":15781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moisen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020676,"text":"70020676 - 1998 - Verification of the Rhea-orographic-precipitation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T00:08:39.272232","indexId":"70020676","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Verification of the Rhea-orographic-precipitation model","docAbstract":"ABSTRACT: Observed April 1 snowpack accumulations within and near the Gunnison River basin in southwestern Colorado are compared with simulations from the Rhea-orographic-precipitation model to determine if the model simulates reliable magnitudes and temporal and spatial variability in winter precipitation for the basin. Twenty simulations of the Rhea model were performed using‘optimal’parameter sets determined for 10-kilometer (km) grids (10-km by 10-km grid cells) through stochastic calibration. Comparisons of Rhea-model simulations of winter precipitation with April 1 snowpack accumulations at 32 snowcourse stations were performed for the years 1972–1990. For most stations and most years the Rhea model reliably simulates the temporal and spatial variability in April 1 snowpack accumulations. However, in general, the Rhea-model underestimates April 1 snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin area, and the underestimation is greatest for locations that receive the largest amount of snow. A significant portion of the error in Rhea-model simulations is due to the calibration of the Rhea model using gauge-catch precipitation measurements which can be as much as 50 percent below actual snowfall accumulations. Additional error in the Rhea-model simulations is a result of the comparison of gridded precipitation values to observed values measured at points.
Our objective was to synthesize individual components of reproductive ecology into a single estimate of productivity and to assess the relative effects of survival and productivity on population dynamics. We used information on nesting ecology, renesting potential, and duckling survival of northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta), Alaska, 1991-95, to model the number of ducklings produced under a range of nest success and duckling survival probabilities. Using average values of 25% nest success, 11% duckling survival, and 56% renesting probability from our study population, we calculated that all young in our population were produced by 13% of the breeding females, and that early-nesting females produced more young than later-nesting females. Further, we calculated, on average, that each female produced only 0.16 young females/nesting season. We combined these results with estimates of first-year and adult survival to examine the growth rate (X) of the population and the relative contributions of these demographic parameters to that growth rate. Contrary to aerial survey data, the population projection model suggests our study population is declining rapidly (X = 0.6969). The relative effects on population growth rate were 0.1175 for reproductive success, 0.1175 for first-year survival, and 0.8825 for adult survival. Adult survival had the greatest influence on X for our population, and this conclusion was robust over a range of survival and productivity estimates. Given published estimates of annual survival for adult females (61%), our model suggested nest success and duckling survival need to increase to approximately 40% to achieve population stability. We discuss reasons for the apparent discrepancy in population trends between our model and aerial surveys in terms of bias in productivity and survival estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802565","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., and Rockwell, R.F., 1998, A model of northern pintail productivity and population growth rate: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 1110-1118, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802565.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1110","endPage":"1118","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e480e4b0c8380cd46687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020431,"text":"70020431 - 1998 - Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T16:38:19.361962","indexId":"70020431","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1038,"text":"Biometrical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies","docAbstract":"Specification of an appropriate model is critical to valid statistical inference. Given the “true model” for the data is unknown, the goal of model selection is to select a plausible approximating model that balances model bias and sampling variance. Model selection based on information criteria such as AIC or its variant AICc, or criteria like CAIC, has proven useful in a variety of contexts including the analysis of open-population capture-recapture data. These criteria have not been intensively evaluated for closed-population capture-recapture models, which are integer parameter models used to estimate population size (N), and there is concern that they will not perform well. To address this concern, we evaluated AIC, AICc, and CAIC model selection for closed-population capture-recapture models by empirically assessing the quality of inference for the population size parameter N. We found that AIC-, AICc-, and CAIC-selected models had smaller relative mean squared errors than randomly selected models, but that confidence interval coverage on N was poor unless unconditional variance estimates (which incorporate model uncertainty) were used to compute confidence intervals. Overall, AIC and AICc outperformed CAIC, and are preferred to CAIC for selection among the closed-population capture-recapture models we investigated. A model averaging approach to estimation, using AIC, AICc, or CAIC to estimate weights, was also investigated and proved superior to estimation using AIC-, AICc-, or CAIC-selected models. Our results suggested that, for model averaging, AIC or AICc should be favored over CAIC for estimating weights.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Information-theoretic model selection and model averaging for closed-population capture-recapture studies: Biometrical Journal, v. 40, no. 4, p. 475-494, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(199808)40:4%3C475::AID-BIMJ475%3E3.0.CO;2-%23.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbae4b0c8380cd627bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020568,"text":"70020568 - 1998 - Incubation temperature, developmental biology, and the divergence of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:40:12","indexId":"70020568","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incubation temperature, developmental biology, and the divergence of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington","docAbstract":"Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) introduced into Lake Washington in the 1930s and 1940s now spawn at several different sites and over a period of more than 3 months. To test for evolutionary divergence within this derived lineage, embryos that would have incubated in different habitats (Cedar River or Pleasure Point Beach) or at different times (October, November, or December in the Cedar River) were reared in the laboratory at 5, 9, and 12.5??C. Some developmental variation mirrored predictions of adaptive divergence: (i) survival at 12.5??C was highest for embryos most likely to experience such temperatures in the wild (Early Cedar), (ii) development rate was fastest for progeny of late spawners (Late Cedar), and (iii) yolk conversion efficiency was matched to natural incubation temperatures. These patterns likely had a genetic basis because they were observed in a common environment and could not be attributed to differences in egg size. The absolute magnitude of divergence in development rates was moderate (Late Cedar embryos emerged only 6 days earlier at 9??C) and some predictions regarding development rates were not supported. Nonetheless our results provide evidence of adaptive divergence in only 9-14 generations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f98-020","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hendry, A., Hensleigh, J., and Reisenbichler, R., 1998, Incubation temperature, developmental biology, and the divergence of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Lake Washington: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1387-1394, https://doi.org/10.1139/f98-020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1387","endPage":"1394","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.49679221520181\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 47.49679221520181\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 47.75779097897638\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.75779097897638\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 47.49679221520181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a0fe4b0c8380cd61b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendry, A.P.","contributorId":89351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendry","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensleigh, J.E.","contributorId":86964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensleigh","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}