In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin. For this assessment, the Michigan Basin includes most of the State of Michigan, as well as parts of Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The assessment was based on the geologic elements of each of the six total petroleum systems defined in the basin, including (1) hydrocarbon source rocks (source-rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation and migration), (2) reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical properties), and (3) hydrocarbon traps (trap formation and timing). Using this geologic framework, the USGS estimated mean technically recoverable undiscovered continuous and conventional resources that total 990 million barrels of oil, 11.4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 219 million barrels of natural gas liquids.
\nDigital Data Series 69-T (DDS-69-T) is cataloged in the Pubs Warehouse as Data Series 69-T (DS-69-T).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69T","collaboration":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Basin Province Assessment Team, Swezey, C., Hatch, J.R., Hayba, D.O., Repetski, J.E., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Klett, T., Pollastro, R.M., Anderson, C.P., Schenk, C.J., East, J.A., and Le, P., 2015, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the U.S. portion of the Michigan Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69T.","productDescription":"Report: 4 Chapters, variously paged; Michigan Basin Database","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051493","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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and Assessment of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter1.pdf","text":"Chapter 1","size":"2.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 1","linkHelpText":"- Executive Summary—Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the U.S. Portion of the Michigan Basin"},{"id":300519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/OPEN_FIRST/OPEN_FIRST.pdf"},{"id":300505,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/"},{"id":300521,"rank":4,"type":{"id":6,"text":"Chapter"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-t/REPORTS/DDS-69-T_Chapter2.pdf","text":"Chapter 2","size":"186 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Chapter 2","linkHelpText":"- Total Petroleum Systems of the Michigan Basin—Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry and 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P.","contributorId":140859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"East, Joseph A. 0000-0003-4226-9174 jeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-9174","contributorId":2747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Joseph","email":"jeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Le, Phuong A. 0000-0003-2477-509X ple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-509X","contributorId":2151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Le","given":"Phuong A.","email":"ple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70160655,"text":"70160655 - 2015 - Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T11:13:10","indexId":"70160655","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River","docAbstract":"Investigation of the water sources used by trees of different ages is essential to formulate a conservation strategy for the riparian tree, P. euphratica. This study addressed the contributions of different potential water sources to P. euphratica based on levels of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica, as well as in soil water and groundwater along the lower Heihe River. We found significant differences in δ18O values in the xylem of different aged P. euphratica. Specifically, the δ18O values of young, mature and over-mature forests were −5.368(±0.252) ‰, −6.033(± 0.185) ‰ and −6.924 (± 0.166) ‰, respectively, reflecting the reliance of older trees on deeper sources of water with a δ18O value closer to that of groundwater. Different aged P. euphratica used different water sources, with young forests rarely using groundwater (mean <15 %) and instead primarily relying on soil water from a depth of 0–50 cm (mean >45 %), and mature and over-mature forests using water from deeper than 100 cm derived primarily from groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Japan","doi":"10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Friedman, J.M., Fan, G., and Hati, J.H., 2015, Use of 2H and 18O stable isotopes to investigate water sources for different ages of Populus euphratica along the lower Heihe River: Ecological Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 581-587, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"587","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059426","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-015-1270-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":312929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Lower Heihe River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n 102.67822265625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n 102.67822265625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n 98.81103515625,\n 38.81403111409755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b49e4b0a04ef4925bab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shubao","contributorId":150884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shubao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Yaning","contributorId":150885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yaning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Yapeng","contributorId":150886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yapeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fan, Gonghuan","contributorId":150887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Gonghuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18132,"text":"Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hati, Jarre Heng A.","contributorId":150888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hati","given":"Jarre","email":"","middleInitial":"Heng A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146632,"text":"sim3326 - 2015 - Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T16:08:43","indexId":"sim3326","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3326","title":"Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and local agencies, systematically collects groundwater data at varying measurement frequencies to monitor the hydrologic conditions on Long Island, New York. Each year during April and May, the USGS conducts a synoptic survey of water levels to define the spatial distribution of the water table and potentiometric surfaces within the three main water-bearing units underlying Long Island—the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers (Smolensky and others, 1989)—and the hydraulically connected Jameco (Soren, 1971) and North Shore aquifers (Stumm, 2001). These data and the maps constructed from them are commonly used in studies of Long Island's hydrology and are utilized by water managers and suppliers for aquifer management and planning purposes.
\nWater-level measurements made in 502 monitoring wells (observation and supply wells) and 16 streamgage locations across Long Island during April–May 2013 were used to prepare the maps in this report. Groundwater measurements were made by the wetted-tape method to the nearest hundredth of a foot. Contours of water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes were created by using the groundwater measurements. The water-table contours were interpreted by using water-level data collected from 16 streamgages, 334 observation wells, and 1 supply well screened in the upper glacial aquifer or the shallow Magothy aquifer; the Magothy aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 70 observation wells and 31 supply wells screened in the middle to deep Magothy aquifer and the contiguous and hydraulically connected Jameco aquifer. The Lloyd aquifer's potentiometric-surface contours were interpreted from measurements at 58 observation wells and 8 supply wells screened in the Lloyd aquifer and the contiguous and hydraulically connected North Shore aquifer. Many of the supply wells are in continuous operation and therefore, were turned off for a minimum of 24 hours before measurements were made to allow the water levels in the wells to recover to ambient (non-pumping) conditions. Full recovery time at some of these supply wells can exceed 24 hours; therefore, water levels measured at these wells are assumed to be less accurate than those measured at observation wells, which are not pumped (Busciolano, 2002). In addition to pumping stresses, elevated chloride concentrations (saline water) also lower the water levels measured in certain wells. This reduction in water level is the result of saline water being denser than freshwater (Lusczynski, 1961). In this report, all water-level altitudes are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29).
\nThe land surface or topography was downloaded from the National Map portal (http://nationalmap.gov), which represents the most currently available terrain representation as a 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM). The National Map terrain representation was combined with additional land surface terrain models of Suffolk County and New York City, which were collected using lidar to produce a high accuracy three-dimensional land surface altitude model based on the geospatial product for coastal flood mapping. The datum for land surface altitude is North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). On Long Island NAVD 88 is approximately 1-foot lower than NGVD 29.
\nHydrographs are included on these maps for selected wells that have digital recording equipment. These hydrographs are representative of the 2013 water year to show the changes that have occurred throughout that period. The synoptic survey water level measured at the well is included on each hydrograph.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3326","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Long Island Water Conference, Nassau County Department of Public Works, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Port Washington Water District, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Towns of North Hempstead and Shelter Island, Manhasset-Lakeville Water District, Nassau Suffolk Water Commissioners Association, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Sands Point Water Department, Suffolk County Water Authority, Water Authority of Great Neck North","usgsCitation":"Como, M.D., Noll, M.L., Finkelstein, J.S., Monti, J., and Busciolano, R., 2015, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3326, Pamphlet: 8 p.; 4 Plates: 72.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3326.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 8 p.; 4 Plates: 72.0 x 34.0 inches","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-04-01","temporalEnd":"2013-05-31","ipdsId":"IP-060337","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3326.JPG"},{"id":300535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s1p.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 (Water table)","size":"11.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.3 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 1"},{"id":300533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/"},{"id":300538,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s4p.pdf","text":"Sheet 4 (Depth to water table)","size":"11.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.1 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 4"},{"id":300534,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326.pdf","text":"Text Pamphlet","size":"78 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Text"},{"id":300536,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s2p.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 (Potentiometric surface in the Magothy and Jameco aquifers)","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (11.2 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 2"},{"id":300537,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3326/pdf/sim3326_s3p.pdf","text":"Sheet 3 (Potentiometric surface in the Lloyd and North Shore aquifers)","size":"17.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"72\" X 34\" Print size (17.8 MB)","linkHelpText":"SIM 3326 Sheet 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 40.80965166748856\n ],\n [\n -73.9434814453125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -74.014892578125,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -74.0093994140625,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -73.9324951171875,\n 40.53050177574321\n ],\n [\n -73.2843017578125,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -72.8668212890625,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.075210270566636\n ],\n [\n -71.949462890625,\n 41.08763212467916\n ],\n [\n -72.125244140625,\n 41.13729606112276\n ],\n [\n -72.257080078125,\n 41.15797827873605\n ],\n [\n -72.333984375,\n 41.166249339091976\n ],\n [\n -72.6251220703125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -73.1524658203125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -73.4051513671875,\n 40.95915977213492\n ],\n [\n -73.7127685546875,\n 40.89275342420696\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 40.80965166748856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
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425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5600
http://ny.water.usgs.gov
In the second year of 2 years of study, the movements of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and juvenile summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through Detroit Reservoir, passing Detroit Dam, and migrating downstream to Portland, Oregon, were studied during a 1-year-long period beginning in February 2013. The primary purpose of the study was to provide empirical data to inform decisions about future alternatives for improving downstream passage of salmonids at Detroit Dam. A secondary purpose was to design and assess the performance of a system to detect juvenile salmonids implanted with acoustic transmitters migrating in the Willamette River. Inferences about fish migration were made from detections of juvenile fish of hatchery origin at least 95 millimeters in fork length surgically implanted with an acoustic transmitter and released during the spring (March–May) and fall (September–November) of 2013. Detection sites were placed throughout the reservoir, near the dam, and at two sites in the North Santiam River and at three sites in the Willamette River culminating at Portland, Oregon. We based most inferences on an analysis period up to the 90th percentile of tag life (68–78 days after release, depending on species and season), although a small number of fish passed after that period as late as April 8, 2014. Chinook salmon migrated from the tributaries of release to the reservoir in greater proportion than steelhead, particularly in the fall. The in-reservoir migration behaviors and dam passage of the two species were similar during the spring study, but during the fall study, few steelhead reached the reservoir and none passed the dam within the analysis period. Migrations in the reservoir were directed and non-random, except in the forebay. Depths of fish within 25 meters of the dam were deeper in the day than at night for Chinook salmon and similar in the day and night for steelhead; steelhead generally were at shallower depths than Chinook salmon. The primary factors affecting dam passage rates were seasonal dam operating conditions and diel period. Fish passage rates were much greater during the spring and summer than in the fall and winter, and the difference was attributed to the availability and use of the spillway near the top of the dam during the spring and summer. The flood-control purpose of the reservoir prevented spillway use during much of the fall and winter because of the low forebay elevation. Passage rates at night were greater than in the day during spring and summer (4.2 times) and during the fall and winter (14.9 times). Fish length, dam discharge, and forebay elevation also affected dam passage rates. Travel times from Detroit Dam passage to the downstream sites were shorter during the fall and winter than during the spring and summer, and were less than a median of 8.68 days to Portland. The estimated survival in the 11 kilometers (km) between Detroit Dam and the Minto Dam forebay was lower than in the remaining 241 km to the Portland site. Estimated survival per 100 km in the free-flowing reach from Minto Dam to Portland was 0.675–0.836, depending on species and season, and was similar to other free-flowing rivers in the Western United States. The high probability of fish in the reservoir reaching the dam, the chance for repeated presence near the dam, the fish depths, and the factors known to affect passage rates suggest that a properly designed surface passage route could be a viable downstream passage alternative for juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead at Detroit Dam.
\nAs part of the evaluations conducted at Detroit Dam, we continued to refine and improve methods for monitoring fish movements in the Willamette River. The goal was to develop stable, cost-effective, long-term monitoring arrays suitable for detection of any Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS)-tagged fish in the Willamette River. These data then could be used to estimate timing, migration rates, and survival of JSATS-tagged fish from various studies in the Willamette River Basin. The challenge, however, is that acoustic telemetry generally performs poorly in shallow, turbulent water, like that found in the Willamette River. We successfully designed, deployed, and maintained a series of monitoring sites near the Oregon cities of Salem, Wilsonville, and Portland. In the spring, detection probabilities at these sites ranged from 0.900 to 1.000. In the fall, the detection probabilities decreased and ranged from 0.526 to 1.000. The lower detection probabilities, particularly at the Salem site (0.526), were owing to loss of data caused by abnormally high flows as well as the 2013 Federal government shutdown, which prevented us from servicing the equipment. The monitoring sites that we installed seem to be robust and enable the efficient use of acoustic-tagged fish for studies of migration or survival in the Willamette River and similar environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., and Adams, N.S., 2015, In-reservoir behavior, dam passage, and downstream migration of juvenile Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead from Detroit Reservoir and Dam to Portland, Oregon, February 2013-February 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1090, ix, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151090.","productDescription":"ix, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"105","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-02-01","temporalEnd":"2014-02-28","ipdsId":"IP-060688","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151090.jpg"},{"id":300473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/"},{"id":300474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1090/pdf/ofr2015-1090.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Detroit Reservoir, North Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.76184913125266\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 44.76184913125266\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -122.44125366210936,\n 44.66865287227321\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145686,"text":"ofr20151068 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T20:08:37.146111","indexId":"ofr20151068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1068","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of San Francisco map area is centered on the City of San Francisco and the Golden Gate channel, a waterway that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay between the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula. The San Francisco Bay Area is the second-largest urban area on the U.S. West Coast with a combined population of over seven million. The bay supports several major cargo ports and the Port of San Francisco’s Fisherman’s Wharf is a major center for Northern California’s commercial and sport fishing fleets. The coastal part of the map area predominantly consists of high bluffs and vertical sea cliffs shaped by uplift and erosion of the Marin Headlands and San Francisco Peninsula east of the San Andreas and San Gregorio Fault Zones.
\nThe seafloor in the map area extends from the shoreline and western end of the Golden Gate channel to water depths of about 30 to 50 m, except for the San Andreas graben area, where water depths reach 75 m. Sea-level rise, tidal currents, and tectonics have shaped bathymetry in the map area. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Sea level was about 125 m lower than present day and the shoreline was more than 45 km west of San Francisco near the Farallon Islands. At that time, the map area was part of a large alluvial plain connected to a drainage basin that included much of California’s Central Valley. A river system flowed westward through the narrows of the Golden Gate channel and an alluvial valley bounded to the north and south by bedrock highlands, including the present-day Pacifica-Pescadero and Bolinas shelves. Rising seas entered the Golden Gate about 11,000 to 10,000 years ago and subsequent marine flooding led to progressive growth of the San Francisco Bay. Strong tidal currents, accelerating through the relatively narrow Golden Gate, have scoured the bedrock channel to a depth of 113 m. East and west of the channel, tidal currents decelerate and form large fields of sand waves. Offshore of the Marin Headlands, eastward transfer of right-lateral fault slip in a complex of faults northwest of the map area has caused extension and the formation of a sediment basin called the San Andreas graben on the continental shelf. The accommodation space created by extension on the shelf and the proximity to sediment transported to the ocean through San Francisco Bay results in a sand-dominated offshore shelf environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of San Francisco map area comprise significant sand-dominated sediment habitat with sand wave and ripple bedforms indicative of high wave and current energy. North of the Golden Gate, biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. For the first time in 65 years, Pacific Harbor Porpoise returned to San Francisco Bay in 2009. On the coast north of the Golden Gate, the large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high wave-energy environments. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include painted greenling, kelp greenling, lingcod, and several varieties of rockfish.
\nCirculation over the continental shelf in the Offshore of San Francisco map area is dominated by the southward-flowing California Current, an eastern limb of the North Pacific Gyre that flows from Oregon to Baja California. At its midpoint offshore of central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface waters southeastward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. Ocean temperatures offshore of central California have increased over the past 50 years, driving an ecosystem shift from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151068","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Erdey, M.D., Golden, N., Hartwell, S., Endris, C.A., Manson, M., Sliter, R.W., Kvitek, R.G., Watt, J.T., Ross, S.L., and Bruns, T.R., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of San Francisco, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1068, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151068.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 10 Sheets: 52.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052334","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300503,"rank":13,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151068.jpg"},{"id":398998,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101859.htm"},{"id":300502,"rank":15,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreSanFrancisco/data_catalog_OffshoreSanFrancisco.html","text":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","description":"Data Catalog: Offshore of San Francisco, California (Data Series 781)","linkHelpText":"Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":300496,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1068/pdf/ofr2015-1068_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 6","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of San Francisco Map Area, California By Nadine E. 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Our investigation was motivated by the observation that the surface elevation of the lake during the 2010 spawning season was the lowest in 38 years. Irrigation withdrawals in 2009 that were not replenished by subsequent winter-spring inflows caused a reduction in available shoreline spawning habitat in 2010. We compared metrics of skipped spawning, movement among spawning areas, and spawning duration across 8 years (2006-2013) that had contrasting spring water levels. Some aspects of sucker spawning were similar in all years, including few individuals straying from the shoreline areas to spawning locations in lake tributaries and consistent effects of increasing water temperatures on the accumulation of fish at the spawning areas. During the extreme low water year of 2010, 14% fewer female and 8% fewer male suckers joined the shoreline spawning aggregation than in the other years. Both males and females visited fewer spawning areas within Upper Klamath Lake in 2010 than in other years, and the median duration at spawning areas in 2010 was at least 36% shorter for females and 20% shorter for males relative to other years. Given the imperiled status of the species and the declining abundance of the population in Upper Klamath Lake, any reduction in spawning success and egg production could negatively impact recovery efforts. Our results indicate that lake surface elevations above 1,262.3-1,262.5 m would be unlikely to limit the number of spawning fish and overall egg production.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70143172,"text":"ofr20151049 - 2015 - Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T11:07:21","indexId":"ofr20151049","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1049","title":"Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests","docAbstract":"The Pressure Water Level Data Logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc., was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility for conformance with the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for measuring pressure throughout the device’s operating temperature range and with the USGS accuracy requirements for water-level measurements. The Pressure Water Level Data Logger (Infinities Logger) is a submersible, sealed, water-level sensing device with an operating pressure range of 0 to 11.5 feet of water over a temperature range of −18 to 49 degrees Celsius. For the pressure range tested, the manufacturer’s accuracy specification of 0.1 percent of full scale pressure equals an accuracy of ±0.138 inch of water. Three Infinities Loggers were evaluated, and the testing procedures followed and results obtained are described in this report. On the basis of the test results, the device is poorly compensated for temperature. For the three Infinities Loggers, the mean pressure differences varied from –4.04 to 5.32 inches of water and were not within the manufacturer’s accuracy specification for pressure measurements made within the temperature-compensated range. The device did not meet the manufacturer’s stated accuracy specifications for pressure within its temperature-compensated operating range of –18 to 49 degrees Celsius or the USGS accuracy requirements of no more than 0.12 inch of water (0.01 foot of water) or 0.10 percent of reading, whichever is larger. The USGS accuracy requirements are routinely examined and reported when instruments are evaluated at the Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility. The estimated combined measurement uncertainty for the pressure cycling test was ±0.139 inch of water, and for temperature, the cycling test was ±0.127 inch of water for the three Infinities Loggers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151049","usgsCitation":"Carnley, M.V., 2015, Laboratory evaluation of the pressure water level data logger manufactured by Infinities USA, Inc.: results of pressure and temperature tests: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1049, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151049.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059926","costCenters":[{"id":339,"text":"Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151049.jpg"},{"id":300467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/"},{"id":300468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1049/pdf/ofr2015-1049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"974 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carnley, Mark V. mcarnley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carnley","given":"Mark","email":"mcarnley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148063,"text":"70148063 - 2015 - Variability of intertidal foraminferal assemblages in a salt marsh, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T10:02:12","indexId":"70148063","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of intertidal foraminferal assemblages in a salt marsh, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"We studied 18 sampling stations along a transect to investigate the similarity between live (rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal populations and dead assemblages, their small-scale spatial variations and the distribution of infaunal foraminifera in a salt marsh (Toms Creek marsh) at the upper end of the South Slough arm of the Coos Bay estuary, Oregon, USA. We aimed to test to what extent taphonomic processes, small-scale variability and infaunal distribution influence the accuracy of sea-level reconstructions based on intertidal foraminifera. Cluster analyses have shown that dead assemblages occur in distinct zones with respect to elevation, a prerequisite for using foraminifera as sea-level indicators. Our nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance showed that small-scale spatial variability has only a small influence on live (rose Bengal stained) populations and dead assemblages. The dissimilarity was higher, however, between live (rose Bengal stained) populations in the middle marsh. We observed early diagenetic dissolution of calcareous tests in the dead assemblages. If comparable post-depositional processes and similar minor spatial variability also characterize fossil assemblages, then dead assemblage are the best modern analogs for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The Toms Creek tidal flat and low marsh vascular plant zones are dominated by Miliammina fusca, the middle marsh is dominated by Balticammina pseudomacrescens and Trochammina inflata, and the high marsh and upland–marsh transition zone are dominated by Trochamminita irregularis. Analysis of infaunal foraminifera showed that most living specimens are found in the surface sediments and the majority of live (rose Bengal stained) infaunal specimens are restricted to the upper 10 cm, but living individuals are found to depths of 50 cm. The dominant infaunal specimens are similar to those in the corresponding surface samples and no species have been found living solely infaunally. The total numbers of infaunal foraminifera are small compared to the total numbers of dead specimens in the surface samples. This suggests that surface samples adequately represent the modern intertidal environment in Toms Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.04.004","usgsCitation":"Milker, Y., Horton, B.P., Nelson, A.R., Engelhart, S.E., and Witter, R., 2015, Variability of intertidal foraminferal assemblages in a salt marsh, Oregon, USA: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 118, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.04.004.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063845","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1285480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Toms Creek marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.32575225830078,\n 43.287577553946846\n ],\n [\n -124.32575225830078,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -124.3157958984375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -124.3157958984375,\n 43.287577553946846\n ],\n [\n -124.32575225830078,\n 43.287577553946846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5d2","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.04.004","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.04.004","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Milker Yvonne, Horton Benjamin P., Nelson Alan R., Engelhart Simon E., Witter Robert C.","journalName":"Marine Micropaleontology","publicationDate":"6/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milker, Yvonne","contributorId":121484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milker","given":"Yvonne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":63641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Alan R. 0000-0001-7117-7098 anelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","email":"anelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146518,"text":"fs20143123 - 2015 - Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T08:46:36","indexId":"fs20143123","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3123","title":"Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau area constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143123","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Shelton, J.L., 2015, Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3123, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143123.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033358","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300445,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3123/"},{"id":300458,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3123/pdf/fs2014-3123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143123.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -122.2119140625,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 40.76390128094589\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -122.2119140625,\n 40.26276066437183\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -120.65185546875,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -120.25634765624999,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff20e4b0a92fa7eac5c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148060,"text":"70148060 - 2015 - Diel cycling of trace elements in streams draining mineralized areas: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:41:06","indexId":"70148060","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel cycling of trace elements in streams draining mineralized areas: a review","docAbstract":"
Many trace elements exhibit persistent diel, or 24-h, concentration cycles in streams draining mineralized areas. These cycles can be caused by various physical and biogeochemical mechanisms including streamflow variation, photosynthesis and respiration, as well as reactions involving photochemistry, adsorption and desorption, mineral precipitation and dissolution, and plant assimilation. Iron is the primary trace element that exhibits diel cycling in acidic streams. In contrast, many cationic and anionic trace elements exhibit diel cycling in near-neutral and alkaline streams. Maximum reported changes in concentration for these diel cycles have been as much as a factor of 10 (988% change in Zn concentration over a 24-h period). Thus, monitoring and scientific studies must account for diel trace-element cycling to ensure that water-quality data collected in streams appropriately represent the conditions intended to be studied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.008","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C.H., Nimick, D.A., and Parker, S.R., 2015, Diel cycling of trace elements in streams draining mineralized areas: a review: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 35-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041373","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff1fe4b0a92fa7eac5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, Chris","contributorId":140801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gammons","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Stephen R.","contributorId":140802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13574,"text":"Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138888,"text":"sir20145238 - 2015 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T09:11:07","indexId":"sir20145238","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5238","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was investigated as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project. The study was designed to provide a statistically unbiased assessment of untreated groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system. The depth of the primary aquifer system for the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit was delineated by the depths of the screened or open intervals of wells in the State of California’s database of public-supply wells. Two types of assessments were made: a status assessment that described the current quality of the groundwater resource, and an understanding assessment that made evaluations of relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors representing characteristics of the primary aquifer system. The assessments characterize the quality of untreated groundwater, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water distributors.
\nThe status assessment was based on water-quality data collected in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey from 90 wells and springs (USGS-grid wells) and on water-quality data compiled from the State of California’s regulatory compliance database for samples collected from 240 public-supply wells between September 2007 and September 2010. To provide context, the water-quality data discussed in this report were compared to California and Federal drinking-water regulatory and non-regulatory benchmarks for treated drinking water. Groundwater quality is defined in terms of relative concentrations (RCs), which are calculated by dividing the concentration of a constituent in groundwater by the concentration of the benchmark for that constituent. The RCs for inorganic constituents (major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and radioactive constituents) were classified as “high” (the RC is greater than 1.0, indicating that the concentration is above the benchmark), “moderate” (the RC is from 1.0 to greater than 0.5), or “low” (the RC is less than or equal to 0.5). For organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides) and special-interest constituents (perchlorate), the boundary between moderate and low RCs was set at 0.1. All benchmarks used for organic constituents were health-based. For inorganic constituents, health-based and aesthetic-based benchmarks were used. Constituents without benchmarks were not considered in the status assessment.
\nThe primary metric used for quantifying regional-scale groundwater quality was the aquifer-scale proportion—the areal percentages of the primary aquifer system with high, moderate, and low RCs for a given constituent or class of constituents. The study unit was divided into six study areas on the basis of geologic differences (Eastside Sacramento Valley, Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin, Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau Low Use Basins, Quaternary Volcanic Areas, Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic Area, and Tertiary Volcanic Areas), and each study area was divided into equal-area grid cells. Aquifer-scale proportions were calculated for individual constituents and constituent classes for each of the six study areas and for the study unit as a whole by using grid-based (one well per cell) and spatially weighted (many wells per cell) statistical methods.
\nThe status assessment showed that inorganic constituents were present at high and moderate RCs in greater proportions of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit than were organic constituents. One or more inorganic constituents with health-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 9.4 percent, and at moderate RCs in 14.7 percent of the primary aquifer system. Arsenic was present at high RCs in approximately 3 percent of the primary aquifer system; boron, molybdenum, uranium, and vanadium each were present at high RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system. One or more inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks were present at high RCs in 15.1 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate RCs in 4.9 percent. Manganese, iron, and total dissolved solids were present at high RCs in approximately 12 percent, 5 percent, and 2 percent, respectively, of the primary aquifer system.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs in the primary aquifer system, and one or more organic constituents were detected at low RCs in approximately 40 percent of the primary aquifer system.
\nTwo classes of organic constituents were detected in more than 10 percent of the primary aquifer system: trihalomethanes (chloroform only) and herbicides. The special interest constituent perchlorate was not detected at high RCs, but was detected at moderate RCs in approximately 2 percent of the primary aquifer system.
\nThe understanding assessment relied on statistical tests to evaluate relations between concentrations of constituents and values of potential explanatory factors representing geology, land use, well construction, hydrologic conditions, groundwater age, and geochemical conditions.
\nThe majority of the high and moderate RCs of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, uranium, and total dissolved solids were in samples from the Honey Lake Valley groundwater basin study area. Groundwater mixing with hydrothermal fluids present in the study area, evaporative concentration of groundwater in the Honey Lake playa, presence of uranium-bearing sediment derived from the adjacent Sierra Nevada, and release of arsenic and other trace elements from sediments under high pH and low dissolved oxygen conditions all appeared to contribute to these elevated concentrations. Thermal springs are in many parts of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit and could account for locally elevated concentrations of arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and total dissolved solids in samples from the other study areas. Vanadium concentrations were greater in oxic samples than in anoxic samples, but were not correlated with pH, contrary to expectations from previous studies.
\nOrganic constituents were not detected at high or moderate RCs, and the occurrence of low organic constituents at low RCs ranged from 27 percent to 73 percent of the primary aquifers system in the six study areas. The Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area had significantly greater occurrence of low RCs of herbicides compared to all of the other study areas, which could reflect the greater prevalence of modern groundwater in the Shasta Valley and Mount Shasta Volcanic study area and the presence of potential sources of herbicides, including applications to timberlands and roadside rights-of-way. The Eastside Sacramento Valley study area had the greatest occurrence of low concentrations of chloroform, and chloroform occurrence was most strongly associated with the combination of septic-tank density greater than two tanks per square kilometer and urban land use greater than 10 percent within a radius of 500 meters of the well. These conditions were most prevalent in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area. The detection frequency of low concentrations of perchlorate was consistent with the probability of occurrence expected under natural conditions, except in the Eastside Sacramento Valley study area, where detection frequencies were much higher than expected and could not be explained by known anthropogenic sources of perchlorate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145238","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., and Shelton, J.L., 2015, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau study unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5238, xii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145238.","productDescription":"xii, 131 p.","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033356","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145238.jpg"},{"id":300457,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5238/pdf/sir2014-5238.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5238/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.99954223632812,\n 41.99522219923445\n ],\n [\n -122.57720947265624,\n 42.00695837037897\n ],\n [\n -122.50236511230467,\n 41.8322234439287\n ],\n [\n -122.66716003417969,\n 41.75543440328294\n ],\n [\n -122.66166687011719,\n 41.679066225164114\n ],\n [\n -122.55935668945312,\n 41.61492897332632\n ],\n [\n -122.60261535644531,\n 41.53839396783225\n ],\n [\n -122.57377624511719,\n 41.484405435611926\n ],\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 41.448902743309674\n ],\n [\n -122.45361328124999,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -122.09381103515624,\n 41.20552261955812\n ],\n [\n -121.80816650390625,\n 41.18278832811288\n ],\n [\n -121.805419921875,\n 41.135227480564936\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 41.11660732012894\n ],\n [\n -122.01141357421875,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -121.9757080078125,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -122.11303710937499,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -122.2174072265625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -122.12677001953124,\n 40.214538129296336\n ],\n [\n -121.68182373046875,\n 39.67125632523974\n ],\n [\n -121.56921386718751,\n 39.69450749856091\n ],\n [\n -121.0748291015625,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -121.01303100585938,\n 40.287906612507406\n ],\n [\n -120.97183227539061,\n 40.29209669470104\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 40.27428705136608\n ],\n [\n -120.96908569335938,\n 40.395718433470364\n ],\n [\n -120.948486328125,\n 40.42499671108253\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 40.408267826445226\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 40.14633904771964\n ],\n [\n -120.24261474609374,\n 40.10538669840983\n ],\n [\n -120.00091552734375,\n 39.902362098539705\n ],\n [\n -119.99954223632812,\n 41.99522219923445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff21e4b0a92fa7eac5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147454,"text":"sir20155068 - 2015 - Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T08:51:00","indexId":"sir20155068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5068","title":"Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents information used to characterize the groundwater-flow system in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, and includes descriptions of the geology and hydrogeologic framework; groundwater recharge and discharge; groundwater levels and flow directions; seasonal groundwater level fluctuations; interactions between aquifers and the surface-water system; and a water budget. The study area covers about 1,220 square miles in northern Pierce and southern King Counties, Washington; extends north to the Green River and Auburn Valley and southwest to the Puyallup River and adjacent uplands; and is bounded on the south and east by foothills of the Cascade Range and on the west by Puget Sound. The area is underlain by a northwest-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits, which overlie sedimentary and volcanic bedrock units that crop out in the foothills along the southern and eastern margin of the study area. Geologic units were grouped into 13 hydrogeologic units consisting of aquifers, confining units, and an underlying bedrock unit. A surficial hydrogeologic unit map was developed and used with well information from 1,012 drillers’ logs to construct 8 hydrogeologic sections, and unit extent and thickness maps.
\nGroundwater in unconsolidated glacial and interglacial aquifers generally flows to the northwest towards Puget Sound, and to the north and northeast towards the Puyallup River, White River, and Green River valleys. These generalized flow patterns are complicated by the presence of low permeability confining units and bedrock that separate discontinuous bodies of aquifer material and act as local groundwater-flow barriers. Water levels in wells completed in the unconsolidated hydrogeologic units show seasonal variations ranging from less than 1 to about 32 feet during the monitoring period (March 2011–March 2013).
\nSynoptic streamflow measurements made in October 2011 and October 2012 indicated a total groundwater discharge to streams in the water-budget area (520 square miles located within the larger study area) of at least 349,000 and 280,000 acre-feet per year, respectively. Annual groundwater discharge to streams likely exceeds these values because streamflow measurements were made during the dry, late-summer and early-autumn period when groundwater levels typically are at annual lows. Most stream reaches in the study area either gain flow from groundwater discharge or exhibit near-neutral conditions with no substantial gain or loss of flow. Groundwater discharge occurs at numerous springs in the area; the total reported discharge of springs in the area is approximately 80,300 acre-feet per year.
\nThe water-budget area received about 1,428,000 acre-feet or about 52 inches of precipitation per year (January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012). About 41 percent of precipitation enters the groundwater system as recharge. Seven percent of this recharge is withdrawn from wells and the remainder leaves the groundwater system as discharge to rivers, discharge to springs, or submarine discharge to Puget Sound, or exits the study area through subsurface flow in the Green River valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cities of Auburn, Milton, Puyallup, Sumner, and Tacoma; Pierce Conservation District; Washington State Department of Health; Cascade Water Alliance; Lakehaven Utility District; Summit Water & Supply Company; Mt. View-Edgewood Water Company; and The Russell Family Foundation","usgsCitation":"Welch, W.B., Johnson, K.H., Savoca, M.E., Lane, R., Fasser, E.T., Gendaszek, A.S., Marshall, C., Clothier, B.G., and Knoedler, E.N., 2015, Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget in the Puyallup River Watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5068, Report: vii, 53 p.; 4 Plates: 51.75 x 32.5 inches or smaller; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155068.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 53 p.; 4 Plates: 51.75 x 32.5 inches or smaller; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057926","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155068.jpg"},{"id":300443,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/"},{"id":300449,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300450,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300451,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300452,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"832 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300453,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/pdf/sir2015-5068_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4","linkHelpText":"Layered PDF"},{"id":300454,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5068/downloads/sir2015-5068_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"88 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix A"}],"projection":"State Plane Washington South","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County, Pierce County","otherGeospatial":"Puyallup River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.48176574707031,\n 47.429945332976125\n ],\n [\n -122.49240875244139,\n 47.083682706950036\n ],\n [\n -122.35679626464844,\n 47.08274758442959\n ],\n [\n -122.35679626464844,\n 46.90618378014763\n ],\n [\n -121.97296142578124,\n 46.903369029728054\n ],\n [\n -121.97639465332031,\n 46.99570943771268\n ],\n [\n -121.46965026855469,\n 46.992431036151324\n ],\n [\n -121.46415710449219,\n 47.25686404408872\n ],\n [\n -121.84730529785155,\n 47.2573300771116\n ],\n [\n -121.84730529785155,\n 47.34719766914445\n ],\n [\n -122.09999084472658,\n 47.34766290653917\n ],\n [\n -122.10016250610352,\n 47.430525966793404\n ],\n [\n -122.48176574707031,\n 47.429945332976125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555aff20e4b0a92fa7eac5ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. 0000-0003-2724-0808 wwelch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2724-0808","contributorId":140515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Ron C. rclane@usgs.gov","contributorId":139708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Ron C.","email":"rclane@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fasser, Elisabeth T. 0000-0002-3945-6633 efasser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-6633","contributorId":3973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fasser","given":"Elisabeth","email":"efasser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":140516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clothier, Burt G.","contributorId":140517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clothier","given":"Burt","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13522,"text":"Robinson & Noble","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knoedler, Eric N.","contributorId":140518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knoedler","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70155982,"text":"70155982 - 2015 - Response of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp to repeated water gun operation in an enclosed shallow pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:11:46","indexId":"70155982","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp to repeated water gun operation in an enclosed shallow pond","docAbstract":"The Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix are nonnative species that pose a threat to Great Lakes ecosystems should they advance into those areas. Thus, technologies to impede Asian carp movement into the Great Lakes are needed; one potential technology is the seismic water gun. We evaluated the efficacy of a water gun array as a behavioral deterrent to the movement of acoustic-tagged Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in an experimental pond. Behavioral responses were evaluated by using four metrics: (1) fish distance from the water guns (D); (2) spatial area of the fish's utilization distribution (UD); (3) persistence velocity (Vp); and (4) number of times a fish transited the water gun array. For both species, average D increased by 10 m during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period. During the firing period, the spatial area of use within the pond decreased. Carp were located throughout the pond during the pre-firing period but were concentrated in the north end of the pond during the firing period, thus reducing their UDs by roughly 50%. Overall, Vp decreased during the firing period relative to the pre-firing period, as fish movement became more tortuous and confined, suggesting that the firing of the guns elicited a change in carp behavior. The water gun array was partially successful at impeding carp movement, but some fish did transit the array. Bighead Carp moved past the guns a total of 78 times during the pre-firing period and 15 times during the firing period; Silver Carp moved past the guns 96 times during the pre-firing period and 13 times during the firing period. Although the water guns did alter carp behavior, causing the fish to move away from the guns, this method was not 100% effective as a passage deterrent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1012279","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Jensen, N., Parsley, M.J., Gaugush, R.F., Severson, T.J., Hatton, T., Adams, R.F., and Gaikowski, M., 2015, Response of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp to repeated water gun operation in an enclosed shallow pond: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 440-453, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1012279.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"453","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059290","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbce4b08400b1fe1435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Nathan njensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":146353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Nathan","email":"njensen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaugush, Robert F. rgaugush@usgs.gov","contributorId":5873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaugush","given":"Robert","email":"rgaugush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson W. 0000-0002-2874-0719","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-0719","contributorId":9112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Ryan F. 0000-0001-7299-329X rfadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-329X","contributorId":5499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Ryan","email":"rfadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":140353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173594,"text":"70173594 - 2015 - An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T17:02:18","indexId":"70173594","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems","docAbstract":"Desert springs are sensitive aquatic ecosystems that pose unique challenges to natural resource managers and researchers. Among the most important of these is the need to accurately quantify population parameters for resident fish, particularly when the species are of special conservation concern. We evaluated the efficiency of baited minnow traps for estimating the abundance of two at-risk species, Foskett Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. and Borax Lake Chub Gila boraxobius, in desert spring systems in southeastern Oregon. We evaluated alternative sample designs using simulation and found that capture–recapture designs with four capture occasions would maximize the accuracy of estimates and minimize fish handling. We implemented the design and estimated capture and recapture probabilities using the Huggins closed-capture estimator. Trap capture probabilities averaged 23% and 26% for Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub, respectively, but differed substantially among sample locations, through time, and nonlinearly with fish body size. Recapture probabilities for Foskett Speckled Dace were, on average, 1.6 times greater than (first) capture probabilities, suggesting “trap-happy” behavior. Comparison of population estimates from the Huggins model with the commonly used Lincoln–Petersen estimator indicated that the latter underestimated Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub population size by 48% and by 20%, respectively. These biases were due to variability in capture and recapture probabilities. Simulation of fish monitoring that included the range of capture and recapture probabilities observed indicated that variability in capture and recapture probabilities in time negatively affected the ability to detect annual decreases by up to 20% in fish population size. Failure to account for variability in capture and recapture probabilities can lead to poor quality data and study inferences. Therefore, we recommend that fishery researchers and managers employ sample designs and estimators that can account for this variability.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1017125","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., Scheerer, P.D., and Clements, S., 2015, An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 491-502, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1017125.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"502","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059417","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Borax Lake, Foskett Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.61395597457886,\n 42.32103329504342\n ],\n [\n -118.61395597457886,\n 42.330012504076684\n ],\n [\n -118.59790563583373,\n 42.330012504076684\n ],\n [\n -118.59790563583373,\n 42.32103329504342\n ],\n [\n -118.61395597457886,\n 42.32103329504342\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a932fe4b04f417c275120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheerer, Paul D.","contributorId":171713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheerer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clements, Shaun","contributorId":171685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clements","given":"Shaun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148106,"text":"70148106 - 2015 - Development of 20 TaqMan assays differentiating the endangered shortnose and Lost River suckers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T11:27:09","indexId":"70148106","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-17T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of 20 TaqMan assays differentiating the endangered shortnose and Lost River suckers","docAbstract":"Accurate species identification is vital to conservation and management of species at risk. Species identification is challenging when taxa express similar phenotypic characters and form hybrids, for example the endangered shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus). Here, we developed 20 Taqman assays that differentiate these species (19 nuclear DNA and one mitochondrial DNA). Assays were evaluated in 160 young-of-the-year identified to species using meristic counts. Alleles were not fixed between species, but species were highly differentiated (F ST = 0.753, P < 0.001). The assays developed herein will be a valuable tool for resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12686-015-0474-y","usgsCitation":"Hoy, M.S., and Ostberg, C.O., 2015, Development of 20 TaqMan assays differentiating the endangered shortnose and Lost River suckers: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 7, no. 3, p. 673-676, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-015-0474-y.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"676","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061087","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01bee4b0a92fa7eb9698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697 mhoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":3033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","email":"mhoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458 costberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":3031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","email":"costberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138807,"text":"sim3313 - 2015 - Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T16:15:34","indexId":"sim3313","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3313","title":"Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Sparta aquifer is used in 15 parishes in north-central Louisiana, primarily for public supply and industrial purposes. Of those parishes, eight (Bienville, Claiborne, Jackson, Lincoln, Ouachita, Union, Webster, and Winn) rely on the Sparta aquifer as their principal source of groundwater. In 2010, withdrawals from the Sparta aquifer in Louisiana totaled 63.11 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), a reduction of more than 11 percent from 1995, when the highest rate of withdrawals (71.32 Mgal/d) from the Sparta aquifer were documented. The Sparta aquifer provides water for a variety of purposes which include public supply (34.61 Mgal/d), industrial (25.60 Mgal/d), rural domestic (1.50 Mgal/d), and various agricultural (1.40 Mgal/d). Of the 13 major aquifers or aquifer systems in Louisiana, the Sparta aquifer is currently (2012) the sixth most heavily pumped. The Sparta aquifer is the second most heavily pumped aquifer in Arkansas, which borders Louisiana to the north. In 2005, 170 Mgal/d were withdrawn from the Sparta aquifer in eastern and southern Arkansas; of that total, about 15.55 Mgal/d were withdrawn from the aquifer in Union County, which borders Claiborne and Union Parishes to the north. By 1997, a large cone of depression (a cone-shaped depression in the potentiometric surface caused by and centered on a pumping well or wells) in the Sparta aquifer centered over Union County had merged with the cone of depression at West Monroe. In 2004, the rate of withdrawal from the Sparta aquifer in Union County began to decline and water levels in the aquifer began to rise in nearby areas of Arkansas and Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"McGee, B.D., and Brantly, J.A., 2015, Potentiometric surface, 2012, and water-level differences, 2005-12, of the Sparta Aquifer in north-central Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3313, 2 Sheets: 44.00 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3313.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 44.00 x 34.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048894","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55570a9fe4b0a92fa7e9cffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Benton D. bdmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Benton","email":"bdmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantly, Jeffrey A. jbrantly@usgs.gov","contributorId":5405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantly","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbrantly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148166,"text":"70148166 - 2015 - Composition, shell strength, and metabolizable energy of Mulinia lateralis and Ischadium recurvum as food for wintering surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T12:43:02","indexId":"70148166","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, shell strength, and metabolizable energy of Mulinia lateralis and Ischadium recurvum as food for wintering surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata)","docAbstract":"Decline in surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) waterfowl populations wintering in the Chesapeake Bay has been associated with changes in the availability of benthic bivalves. The Bay has become more eutrophic, causing changes in the benthos available to surf scoters. The subsequent decline in oyster beds (Crassostrea virginica) has reduced the hard substrate needed by the hooked mussel (Ischadium recurvum), one of the primary prey items for surf scoters, causing the surf scoter to switch to a more opportune species, the dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis). The composition (macronutrients, minerals, and amino acids), shell strength (N), and metabolizable energy (kJ) of these prey items were quantified to determine the relative foraging values for wintering scoters. Pooled samples of each prey item were analyzed to determine composition. Shell strength (N) was measured using a shell crack compression test. Total collection digestibility trials were conducted on eight captive surf scoters. For the prey size range commonly consumed by surf scoters (6-12 mm for M. lateralis and 18-24 mm for I. recurvum), I. recurvum contained higher ash, protein, lipid, and energy per individual organism than M. lateralis. I. recurvum required significantly greater force to crack the shell relative to M. lateralis. No difference in metabolized energy was observed for these prey items in wintering surf scoters, despite I. recurvum's higher ash content and harder shell than M. lateralis. Therefore, wintering surf scoters were able to obtain the same amount of energy from each prey item, implying that they can sustain themselves if forced to switch prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0119839","usgsCitation":"Berlin, A., Perry, M.C., Kohn, R., Paynter, K., and Ottinger, M.A., 2015, Composition, shell strength, and metabolizable energy of Mulinia lateralis and Ischadium recurvum as food for wintering surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata): PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119839.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049373","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55659935e4b0d9246a9eb610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berlin, Alicia aberlin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. mperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohn, R.A.","contributorId":140930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paynter, K.T. Jr.","contributorId":140931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paynter","given":"K.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ottinger, Mary Ann","contributorId":26422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottinger","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147790,"text":"sir20155069 - 2015 - Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:04:04","indexId":"sir20155069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5069","title":"Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14","docAbstract":"The water quality of Rapid Creek is important because the reach that flows through Rapid City, South Dakota, is a valuable spawning area for a self-sustaining trout fishery, actively used for recreation, and a seasonal municipal water supply for the City of Rapid City. This report presents the current (2008–14) water-quality characteristics of urban stormwater runoff in selected drainage networks within the City of Rapid City, and provides an evaluation of the pollutant reductions of wetland channels implemented as a best-management practice. Stormwater runoff data were collected at nine sites in three drainage basins within Rapid City: the Arrowhead (2 monitoring sites), Meade-Hawthorne (1 monitoring site), and Downtown (6 monitoring sites) drainage basins. Stormwater runoff was evaluated for concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and bacteria at sites in the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne drainage basins, and for concentrations of TSS, chloride, bacteria, nutrients, and metals at sites in the Downtown drainage basin.
\nFor the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne sites, event-mean concentrations typically exceeded the TSS and bacteria beneficial-use criteria for Rapid Creek by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Comparing the two drainage basins, median TSS event-mean concentrations were more than two times greater at the Meade-Hawthorne outlet (520 milligrams per liter) than the Arrowhead outlet (200 milligrams per liter). Median fecal coliform bacteria event-mean concentrations also were greater at the Meade-Hawthorne outlet site (30,000 colony forming units per 100 milliliters) than the Arrowhead outlet site (17,000 colony forming units per 100 milliliters). A comparison to relevant standards indicates that stormwater runoff from the Downtown drainage basin exceeded criteria for bacteria and TSS, but concentrations generally were below standards for nutrients and metals. Stormwater-quality conditions from the Downtown drainage basin outfalls were similar to or better than stormwater-quality conditions observed in the Arrowhead and Meade-Hawthorne drainage basins. Three wetland channels located at the outlet of the Downtown drainage basin were evaluated for their pollutant reduction capability. Mean reductions in TSS and lead concentrations were greater than 40 percent for all three wetland channels. Total nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and zinc concentrations also were reduced by at least 20 percent at all three wetlands. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations typically were reduced by about 21 and 36 percent at the 1st and 2nd Street wetlands, respectively, but the reduction at the 3rd Street wetland channel was nearly zero percent. Total wetland storage volume affected pollutant reductions because TSS, phosphorus, and ammonia reductions were greatest in the wetland with the greatest volume. Chloride concentrations typically increased from inflow to outflow at the 2nd and 3rd Street wetland channels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rapid City","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2015, Water-quality characteristics of stormwater runoff in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2008-14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5069, Report: vi, 27 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-062139","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lob.10023","usgsCitation":"Stoepler, T.M., and Ludwig, K.A., 2015, Strategic science: New frameworks to bring scientific expertise to environmental disaster response: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 24, no. 2, p. 41-42, https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10023.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062718","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261493e4b0fb9a11dd7654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoepler, Teresa Michelle tstoepler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoepler","given":"Teresa","email":"tstoepler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, K. A. 0000-0002-0935-9410 kaludwig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-9410","contributorId":596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.","email":"kaludwig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5059,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for National Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148014,"text":"ofr20151094 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A to glochidia from seven unionid mussel species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T08:58:50","indexId":"ofr20151094","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-15T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1094","title":"Exposure-related effects of formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A to glochidia from seven unionid mussel species","docAbstract":"The study was completed to evaluate the exposure-related effects of a biopesticide for dreissenid mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, zebra mussel and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, quagga mussel) control on glochidia from unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Basins. The commercially prepared biopesticide was either a spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A. Glochidia of the unionid mussel species Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis siliquoidea,Lampsilis higginsii, Ligumia recta, Obovaria olivaria, and Actinonaias ligamentina were exposed to SDP-formulated P. fluorescens andLampsilis cardium and Megalonaias nervosa were exposed to FDP-formulated P. fluorescens.
\nAll exposures were static, 24 hours in duration, and included six treatment groups. The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control, (2) a positive control which received a nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentration of 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of heat-deactivated test article, and (3) treatments that received nominal target AI concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L of test article. All treatment concentrations are reported based on active ingredient.
\nGlochidia viability was reduced in two of the six species exposed to 50 mg/L SDP and in four of the six species exposed to 100 mg/L SDP when compared to untreated control groups at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Regardless of sample time, concentrations of 200 and 300 mg/L of SDP and 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated SDP (positive control) substantially reduced glochidia viability in all species except, L. higginsii. Glochidia viability was only reduced for L. cardium exposed to FDP at concentrations ≥ 200 mg/L. After 24 hours of FDP exposure, differences in glochidia viability were only detected in M. nervosa that were exposed to 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated SDP. However, given the low viability in the control group, the results for M. nervosa should be interpreted with caution.
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To quantify beach recovery, and examine alongshore variations in coastal resiliency, we develop a morphometric within the upper portion of the beach that is based on observed historical storm response at Fire Island, NY. The beach change envelope (BCE) boundaries are elevation contours which capture the portion of the upper beach that experiences erosion during moderate events but is above the influence of tides and lesser events. The data include ten profile sites that were surveyed seventeen times from October 2012 to October 2014. The time series indicate that there is a temporal trend towards widening and increasing elevation of the BCE that may represent a recovery state of the beach. Rates of recovery are generally higher in undeveloped locations, and areas where dunes did not overwash tend to favor more rapid recovery of the upper beach.
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Hurricane Sandy caused record coastal flooding along the south shore of Long Island, NY, and led to significant geomorphic changes. These included severe dune erosion along the length of Fire Island and the formation of the Wilderness Breach. This study attempts to use numerical models to quantify how these changes affected water levels inside Great South Bay during and after Hurricane Sandy. The results suggest that overwash along Fire Island may have locally increased peak surge levels in the bay by 20 cm during the storm. There is however large uncertainty surrounding the overwash fluxes. The model results suggest that the development of the Wilderness Breach had locally led to an increase in peak water levels of approximately 7 percent at Lindenhurst by mid-2014, and an increase in tidal amplitudes here of 15 percent. The models predict that the largest changes have occurred in the central part of Great South Bay.
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Morphological responses to Hurricane Sandy were measured using lidar and orthophotos taken before and after the storm. Changes to dune features measured from lidar were compared to the occurrence of overwash deposits measured using orthophotos. Thresholds on morphologic change (e.g. overwash volume and dune height change) were defined to optimize agreement between the classification of lidar and orthophoto-derived dune erosion and overwash. A linear regression showed that overwash volume can be calculated from orthophoto-derived overwash extent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2015","conferenceDate":"11 – 15 May 2015","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, USA","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific Publication Company","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.R., Long, J.W., Stockdon, H.F., and Birchler, J.J., 2015, Enhancing evaluation of post-storm morphologic response using aerial orthoimagery from Hurricane Sandy, in The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015, San Diego, USA, 11 – 15 May 2015, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062659","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island and New Jersey shore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.75901794433592,\n 40.76806170936614\n ],\n [\n -72.82768249511719,\n 40.7519385984599\n ],\n [\n -72.93205261230469,\n 40.72280306615735\n ],\n [\n -73.0645751953125,\n 40.67334753512089\n ],\n [\n -73.26164245605469,\n 40.63010897068533\n ],\n [\n -73.3124542236328,\n 40.63115119323159\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 40.61968585056766\n ],\n [\n -73.26644897460938,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -73.14628601074219,\n 40.639488387988365\n ],\n [\n -73.0096435546875,\n 40.67282675532094\n ],\n [\n -72.91007995605469,\n 40.71083299030839\n ],\n [\n -72.75283813476562,\n 40.762341053140275\n ],\n [\n -72.75901794433592,\n 40.76806170936614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -73.97918701171875,\n 40.327701904195926\n ],\n [\n -74.07257080078125,\n 40.04654018618778\n ],\n [\n -74.15496826171874,\n 39.71775084250469\n ],\n [\n -74.31427001953125,\n 39.50827899034114\n ],\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 39.3130504637139\n ],\n [\n -74.7015380859375,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -74.86358642578125,\n 38.96368010198575\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 38.965815660189016\n ],\n [\n -74.9761962890625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -74.79766845703125,\n 38.94872939211093\n ],\n [\n -74.6136474609375,\n 39.1833042481843\n ],\n [\n -74.23187255859375,\n 39.52522954427751\n ],\n [\n -74.06707763671875,\n 39.78110197709871\n ],\n [\n -73.98193359375,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.44276659332215\n ],\n [\n -73.97918701171875,\n 40.490826256468054\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.50753459933616\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.47829226856015\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.45948689837198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565446c2e4b071e7ea53d4bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Jacquelyn Rose jrsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":5761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jacquelyn","email":"jrsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Rose","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birchler, Justin J. jbirchler@usgs.gov","contributorId":127854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birchler","given":"Justin","email":"jbirchler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155144,"text":"70155144 - 2015 - Behavior of the Hawaiian Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at wind turbines and its distribution across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:44:12","indexId":"70155144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-14T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-064","displayTitle":"Behavior of the Hawaiian Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at wind turbines and its distribution across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu","title":"Behavior of the Hawaiian Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at wind turbines and its distribution across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu","docAbstract":"We studied the landscape distribution of endemic Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) on the north Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, from May 2013 to May 2014, while simultaneously studying their behavior at wind turbines within the broader landscape. This research aimed to assess the risk that wind turbines pose to bats on the island and integrated a variety of methods, including acoustic monitoring, thermal videography, and fatality searches.Our findings indicate that hoary bats were acoustically cryptic and occurred sparsely in the region. Overall site occupancy rate was 55% during the 1-year period of acoustic monitoring at 23 sites, and there was only an 8% chance of acoustically detecting a bat on a given night if it was present. We detected bats less frequently in windward northern parts of the study area and at windy, lower-elevation sites with rough terrain. Bats were detected more frequently in leeward southern parts of the study area and at wind-sheltered, higher-elevation sites with flat ridgetops. Acoustic detections were consistently low from October through February and increased at most sites to peak in April through August. However, meteorological conditions were not found to be associated with the acoustic prevalence of bats on a night-to-night basis.
We observed more than three thousand events involving bats during six months of nightly video surveillance at four wind turbines. Video monitoring revealed several links to weather at the local scale, despite acoustic detections not clearly relating to weather in our broader landscape analysis. Video demonstrated bats occurring near turbines more often on nights with little rain, warmer temperatures, moderate wind speeds, low humidity, and the low but rising barometric pressures indicative of fair weather and improved foraging conditions. Video monitoring also demonstrated that the presence of bats near turbines strongly correlates with insect presence.
We detected bats on video rather infrequently, averaging only one to two passes per hour. Most detections were brief (median = 4.0 sec) and involved single bats (97%), with the amount of time during which bats were observed totaling to only 0.10% of the video analyzed (about 3.8 hours of 3,847 total hours). Bats frequently foraged in the airspace near turbines. These results differ from a recent similar study on the mainland (continental North America) and may indicate that Hawaiian hoary bats spend less time closely approaching wind turbines and show less interest in them than their more-migratory mainland conspecifics. We speculate that the Hawaiian hoary bats we observed were locally resident and frequenting high-quality habitat near familiar structures. In contrast, hoary bats observed at wind facilities on the mainland appear to approach and investigate unfamiliar landscape structures that they mistake for trees as they migrate long distances. Consequently, Hawaiian hoary bats may be less susceptible to fatality at wind turbines on a per-encounter basis than hoary bats in North America. Only one bat carcass was found at the four turbines searched daily for six months. The relatively high probability of finding carcasses provided strong assurance that few carcasses were likely missed—there was less than a 10% chance that total fatality at the four turbines monitored for half a year exceeded three bats.