{"pageNumber":"1257","pageRowStart":"31400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70173511,"text":"70173511 - 2015 - Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T15:54:31","indexId":"70173511","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin","docAbstract":"

Upriver movements were determined for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon River, a large, virtually pristine river basin. These returns have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and information is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio tagged during 2002–2004. Most (97.5%) of the fish tracked upriver to spawning areas displayed continual upriver movements and strong fidelity to the terminal tributaries entered. Movement rates were substantially slower for fish spawning in lower river tributaries (28–40 km d-1) compared to upper basin stocks (52–62 km d-1). Three distinct migratory patterns were observed, including a gradual decline, pronounced decline, and substantial increase in movement rate as the fish moved upriver. Stocks destined for the same region exhibited similar migratory patterns. Individual fish within a stock showed substantial variation, but tended to reflect the regional pattern. Differences between consistently faster and slower fish explained 74% of the within-stock variation, whereas relative shifts in sequential movement rates between “hares” (faster fish becoming slower) and “tortoises” (slow but steady fish) explained 22% of the variation. Pulses of fish moving upriver were not cohesive. Fish tagged over a 4-day period took 16 days to pass a site 872 km upriver. Movement rates were substantially faster and the percentage of atypical movements considerably less than reported in more southerly drainages, but may reflect the pristine conditions within the Yukon River, wild origins of the fish, and discrete run timing of the returns. Movement data can provide numerous insights into the status and management of salmon returns, particularly in large river drainages with widely scattered fisheries where management actions in the lower river potentially impact harvests and escapement farther upstream. However, the substantial variation exhibited among individual fish within a stock can complicate these efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","usgsCitation":"Eiler, J.H., Evans, A., and Schreck, C.B., 2015, Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057144","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.31986144668052\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 67.97463396204759\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 69.67235784229395\n ],\n [\n -143.8330078125,\n 69.59589006237648\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -137.724609375,\n 66.42553717157787\n ],\n [\n -127.79296875,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -126.826171875,\n 65.5129625532949\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 61.01572481397616\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -134.912109375,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -146.2939453125,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb7e4b07657d19ba785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eiler, John H.","contributorId":146952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Allison N.","contributorId":64088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Allison N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173411,"text":"70173411 - 2015 - Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:35:55","indexId":"70173411","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

Following establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis (the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease) in Colorado, populations of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykissexperienced significant declines, whereas Brown Trout Salmo trutta densities increased in many locations across the state, potentially influencing the success of M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout reintroductions. We examined the effects of Brown Trout removal on the short-term (3-month) survival and movement of two crosses of reintroduced, M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout in the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado. Radio frequency identification passive integrated transponder tags and antennas were used to track movements of wild Brown Trout and stocked Rainbow Trout in reaches where Brown Trout had or had not been removed. Multistate mark–recapture models were used to estimate tagged fish apparent survival and movement in these sections 3 months following Brown Trout removal. A cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Colorado River Rainbow Trout strains exhibited similar survival and movement probabilities in the reaches, suggesting that the presence of Brown Trout did not affect its survival or movement. However, a cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Harrison Lake Rainbow Trout exhibited less movement from the reach in which Brown Trout had been removed. Despite this, the overall short-term benefits of the removal were equivocal, suggesting that Brown Trout removal may not be beneficial for the reintroduction of Rainbow Trout. Additionally, the logistical constraints of conducting removals in large river systems are substantial and may not be a viable management option in many rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1007166","usgsCitation":"Fetherman, E.R., Winkelman, D.L., Bailey, L., Schisler, G.J., and Davies, K., 2015, Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 610-626, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1007166.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"626","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060281","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.73293685913086,\n 40.472154983547576\n ],\n [\n -105.7437515258789,\n 40.4713714599763\n ],\n [\n -105.75542449951172,\n 40.46810668002513\n ],\n [\n -105.765380859375,\n 40.456613392013615\n ],\n [\n -105.78752517700195,\n 40.444726219263586\n ],\n [\n -105.80160140991211,\n 40.43453554052651\n ],\n [\n -105.80743789672852,\n 40.42486603279224\n ],\n [\n -105.8056354522705,\n 40.424277977344246\n ],\n [\n -105.79876899719238,\n 40.430746304509185\n ],\n [\n -105.78349113464355,\n 40.44152546734412\n ],\n [\n -105.75525283813477,\n 40.4611195176856\n ],\n [\n -105.74435234069824,\n 40.46797608552582\n ],\n [\n -105.73473930358887,\n 40.46889024168825\n ],\n [\n -105.73233604431151,\n 40.4713714599763\n ],\n [\n -105.73293685913086,\n 40.472154983547576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb0e4b07657d19ba756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fetherman, Eric R.","contributorId":15096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fetherman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schisler, George J.","contributorId":32432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schisler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, K.","contributorId":172056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143357,"text":"sir20155044 - 2015 - Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:45:09","indexId":"sir20155044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5044","title":"Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","docAbstract":"

A study to assess the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas, as a viable source of public-supply water was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Little Rock, District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An important study component was to identify possible changes in hydrologic conditions following installation of James W. Trimble Lock and Dam 13 (December 1969) on the Arkansas River near the study area. Data were gathered for the study in regard to the lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the aquifer. Lithologic information was obtained from drillers’ logs of wells drilled from 1957 through 1959. Water-quality samples were collected from 10 irrigation wells and analyzed for inorganic constituents and pesticides. To evaluate the potential viability of the alluvial aquifer in the Van Buren area, these data were compared to similar stratigraphic, lithologic, and groundwater-quality data from the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer at Dardanelle, Ark., where the aquifer provides a proven, productive, sole-source of public-supply water.

\n

Drillers’ logs for 59 wells in the Van Buren study area revealed well depths ranging from 25 to 52 feet (ft), with a mean depth of 42 ft. The thickness of the lower sand/gravel interval serving as the water-producing zone ranged from 5 to 47 ft, with a mean thickness of 29 ft. The presence of gravel was noted in only 4 of 59 well logs available for review from the study area.

\n

Percent sand was calculated from well logs in the study area, and these sand percentages were overlain onto an orthophotograph map to examine the areal distribution of sand percentage in relation to geomorphologic features of the flood plain in the study area. The logs denoting the greatest percent sand tend to occur in areas near to the river and on the concave (point bar) side of abandoned channels, while the lower percent sand tends to occur on the convex (channel fill and backswamp deposits) side of the abandoned channels.

\n

Comparison of hydrographs from water levels collected between 1957 and 1972 to cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation showed overall good fit and explained the long-term decreasing water levels from the earliest period of record through October 1967, followed by a sharp rise in water levels concurrent with rises in cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation. Hydrographs for four wells ranging from 0.8 to 4.5 miles upstream from the dam and potentially affected by rising river stage were compared to graphs of river stage and cumulative departure from mean monthly precipitation. Water levels for these wells showed minimal discernible effect by rising river stage following dam completion. Periods of increased precipitation compared closely to increases in water level for all hydrographs, regardless of river stage, and periods of no precipitation resulted in declining water levels, although river stage continued to slowly rise during these same periods.

\n

The Arkansas River has greater salinity than local groundwater, providing a quantitative tracer for any groundwater recharge originating from the river. Comparison of predam and postdam groundwater-chloride concentrations showed no increase in chloride concentrations after dam installation, which is consistent with hydrologic data. These data suggest that the dominant source of groundwater recharge in the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer is infiltration of precipitation through proximal, coarse channel deposits, with minimal influx of river water.

\n

Groundwater-quality data collected from 10 wells in the study area indicated a calcium-bicarbonate water type. No primary drinking-water standards were exceeded for any constituents, and iron and manganese were the only constituents exceeding secondary drinking-water regulations. Six of the 10 well-water samples were analyzed for the presence of pesticides, as row-crop agriculture is the dominant land use in the study area. Six herbicide compounds and one herbicide metabolite were detected at concentrations substantially below those of the Federal primary drinking-water standards and health advisories.

\n

The hydrologic and geochemical data gathered for this study provide a qualitative assessment of the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer as a source of public water supply in the Van Buren area. Results indicate minimal influx of water from the Arkansas River, and recharge to the aquifer appears to be dominantly by infiltration of precipitation through overlying alluvium. If vertical wells are used as a source of public water supply, then several wells will have to be used in combination at relatively low pumping rates and placed in areas with a greater percent sand. Use of a horizontal well configuration near the river to increase production may depend on infiltration of river water to supplement water removed from storage, especially where areas of lower permeability sediments might be encountered within the surrounding alluvium. If a poor hydraulic connection exists between the river and the alluvium, as indicated by this study, then production will depend on ample precipitation and recharge throughout the year and groundwater storage sufficient to prevent declining water levels where pumping rates exceed recharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Rock District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock, Arkansas","usgsCitation":"Kresse, T.M., Westerman, D.A., and Hart, R.M., 2015, Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5044, Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155044.","productDescription":"Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix","startPage":"26","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054910","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science 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,{"id":70142753,"text":"fs20153021 - 2015 - Antimony: a flame fighter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T09:14:12","indexId":"fs20153021","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3021","title":"Antimony: a flame fighter","docAbstract":"

Antimony is a brittle, silvery-white semimetal that conducts heat poorly. The chemical compound antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is widely used in plastics, rubbers, paints, and textiles, including industrial safety suits and some children’s clothing, to make them resistant to the spread of flames. Also, sodium antimonate (NaSbO3) is used during manufacturing of high-quality glass, which is found in cellular phones.

\n

Humans have known about stibnite (Sb2S3), a lead gray antimony sulfide mineral, since ancient times. Egyptians used powdered stibnite in black eye makeup to create their signature look. Pedanius Dioscorides, a 1st century A.D. Greek physician, recommended stibnite for skin ailments. French and German doctors in the 17th century prescribed antimony-containing mixtures to induce vomiting. Antimony was later recognized to be an intense skin irritant and a lethal toxin, particularly when swallowed.

\n

In the 11th century, the word antimonium was used by medieval scholar Constantinus Africanus, but antimony metal was not isolated until the 16th century by Vannoccio Biringuccio, an Italian metallurgist. In the early 18th century, chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius chose the periodic symbol for antimony (Sb) based on stibium, which is the Latin name for stibnite.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153021","usgsCitation":"Wintzer, N.E., and Guberman, D.E., 2015, Antimony: a flame fighter: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153021.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057566","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153021.jpg"},{"id":299882,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3021/"},{"id":299885,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3021/pdf/fs2015-3021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f4fa3e4b0a658d7938cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintzer, Niki E. 0000-0003-3085-435X nwintzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-435X","contributorId":5297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintzer","given":"Niki","email":"nwintzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guberman, David E. dguberman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guberman","given":"David","email":"dguberman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146975,"text":"70146975 - 2015 - Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T13:12:20","indexId":"70146975","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout","docAbstract":"

Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis exhibit exceptional levels of life history variation, remarkable genetic variability, and fine-scale population structure. In many cases, neighboring populations may be highly differentiated from one another to an extent that is comparable with species-level distinctions in other taxa. Although genetic samples have been collected from hundreds of populations and tens of thousands of individuals, little is known about whether differentiation at neutral markers reflects phenotypic differences among Brook Trout populations. We compared differentiation in morphology and neutral molecular markers among populations from four geographically proximate locations (all within 24 km) to examine how genetic diversity covaries with morphology. We found significant differences among and/or within streams for all three morphological axes examined and identified the source stream of many individuals based on morphology (52.3% classification efficiency). Although molecular and morphological differentiation among streams ranged considerably (mean pairwise FST: 0.023–0.264; pairwise PST: 0.000–0.339), the two measures were not significantly correlated. While in some cases morphological characters appear to have diverged to a greater extent than expected by neutral genetic drift, many traits were conserved to a greater extent than were neutral genetic markers. Thus, while Brook Trout exhibit fine-scale spatial patterns in both morphology and neutral genetic diversity, these types of biological variabilities are being structured by different ecological and evolutionary processes. The relative influences of genetic drift versus selection and phenotypic plasticity in shaping morphology appear to vary among populations occupying nearby streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1012300","usgsCitation":"Kazyak, D.C., Hilderbrand, R.H., Keller, S.R., Colaw, M.C., Holloway, A.E., Morgan, R.P., and King, T.L., 2015, Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 480-490, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1012300.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055594","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Garrett County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 39.72303232864369\n ],\n [\n -79.47647094726562,\n 39.720919782725545\n ],\n [\n -79.48745727539061,\n 39.20352640482464\n ],\n [\n -79.47097778320312,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -79.44900512695312,\n 39.20565471434283\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 39.222678868789686\n ],\n [\n -79.41192626953125,\n 39.24182610848299\n ],\n [\n -79.36935424804688,\n 39.27372656321117\n ],\n [\n -79.33914184570311,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -79.31304931640625,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -79.28695678710938,\n 39.297111003754964\n ],\n [\n -79.26773071289062,\n 39.32367475355144\n ],\n [\n -79.24850463867188,\n 39.34491849236129\n ],\n [\n -79.22241210937499,\n 39.358723461000494\n ],\n [\n -79.19631958007812,\n 39.37358729988046\n ],\n [\n -79.14276123046875,\n 39.403305486149264\n ],\n [\n -79.1180419921875,\n 39.42240335069796\n ],\n [\n -79.10430908203125,\n 39.444677580473424\n ],\n [\n -79.08782958984375,\n 39.46800484919317\n ],\n [\n -79.05624389648438,\n 39.47224533091451\n ],\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 39.72303232864369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553b5b1de4b0a658d793717a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":140409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilderbrand, Robert H.","contributorId":140410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Stephen R.","contributorId":140411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colaw, Mark C.","contributorId":140412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colaw","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13481,"text":"Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, 101 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloway, Amanda E.","contributorId":140413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holloway","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13482,"text":"Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, Raymond P. III","contributorId":140414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Raymond","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13483,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory,301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland 21532","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147570,"text":"70147570 - 2015 - Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:11:06","indexId":"70147570","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","docAbstract":"

Forest soil respiration is a major carbon (C) flux that is characterized by significant variability in space and time. We quantified growing season soil respiration during both a drought year and a nondrought year across a complex landscape to identify how landscape and climate interact to control soil respiration. We asked the following questions: (1) How does soil respiration vary across the catchments due to terrain-induced variability in moisture availability and temperature? (2) Does the relative importance of moisture versus temperature limitation of respiration vary across space and time? And (3) what terrain elements are important for dictating the pattern of soil respiration and its controls? Moisture superseded temperature in explaining watershed respiration patterns, with wetter yet cooler areas higher up and on north facing slopes yielding greater soil respiration than lower and south facing areas. Wetter subalpine forests had reduced moisture limitation in favor of greater seasonal temperature limitation, and the reverse was true for low-elevation semiarid forests. Coincident climate poorly predicted soil respiration in the montane transition zone; however, antecedent precipitation from the prior 10 days provided additional explanatory power. A seasonal trend in respiration remained after accounting for microclimate effects, suggesting that local climate alone may not adequately predict seasonal variability in soil respiration in montane forests. Soil respiration climate controls were more strongly related to topography during the drought year highlighting the importance of landscape complexity in ecosystem response to drought.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002802","usgsCitation":"Berryman, E.M., Barnard, H., Adams, H., Burns, M., Gallo, E., and Brooks, P.D., 2015, Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 4, p. 707-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002802.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"723","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059602","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b5e4b064e4207ca435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryman, Erin Michele 0000-0001-8699-2474 eberryman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2474","contributorId":5765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryman","given":"Erin","email":"eberryman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michele","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, H.R.","contributorId":140553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnard","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, H.R.","contributorId":140554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, M.A.","contributorId":140555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallo, E.","contributorId":140556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallo","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146687,"text":"70146687 - 2015 - Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","indexId":"70146687","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","indexId":"70146896","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70147255,"text":"70147255 - 2015 - Remigial molt of sea ducks","indexId":"70147255","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Remigial molt of sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","indexId":"70147256","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks."},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70147373,"text":"70147373 - 2015 - Variation in migration strategies of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70147373","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"8","title":"Variation in migration strategies of North American sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","indexId":"70147374","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70147436,"text":"70147436 - 2015 - Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)","indexId":"70147436","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":7}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T09:19:36","indexId":"70146989","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","docAbstract":"

The past decade has seen a huge increase in the interest and attention directed toward sea ducks, the Mergini tribe. This has been inspired, in large part, by the conservation concerns associated with numerical declines in several sea duck species and populations, as well as a growing appreciation for their interesting ecological attributes. Reflecting the considerable research recently conducted on this tribe, Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks examines the 15 extant species of sea ducks from North America.

\n

Chapters are organized conceptually to focus on, compare, and contrast the ecological attributes of the tribe. Experts provide in-depth treatments of a range of topics, including:

\n\n

The book presents a comprehensive synthesis of sea duck ecology, documents factors that have caused population declines of some species, and provides managers with measures to enhance recovery of depressed populations of sea ducks in North America. Capturing the current state of knowledge of this unique tribe, it provides a benchmark for where we are in conservation efforts and suggests future directions for researchers, managers, students, conservationists, and avian enthusiasts.

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]\n}","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553b5b1de4b0a658d7937178","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545546,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545547,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545548,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545549,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146900,"text":"70146900 - 2015 - TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T10:53:38","indexId":"70146900","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":959,"text":"BMC Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease","docAbstract":"
\n

Background

\n

Fungal skin infections associated with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a member of the Chrysosporiumanamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) complex, have been linked to an increasing number of cases of snake fungal disease (SFD) in captive snakes around the world and in wild snake populations in eastern North America. The emergence of SFD in both captive and wild situations has led to an increased need for tools to better diagnose and study the disease.

\n

Results

\n

We developed two TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to rapidly detect O. ophiodiicola in clinical samples. One assay targets the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the fungal genome while the other targets the more variable intergenic spacer region (IGS). The PCR assays were qualified using skin samples collected from 50 snakes for which O. ophiodiicolahad been previously detected by culture, 20 snakes with gross skin lesions suggestive of SFD but which were culture-negative for O. ophiodiicola, and 16 snakes with no clinical signs of infection. Both assays performed equivalently and proved to be more sensitive than traditional culture methods, detecting O. ophiodiicola in 98% of the culture-positive samples and in 40% of the culture-negative snakes that had clinical signs of SFD. In addition, the assays did not cross-react with a panel of 28 fungal species that are closely related to O. ophiodiicola or that commonly occur on the skin of snakes. The assays did, however, indicate that some asymptomatic snakes (~6%) may harbor low levels of the fungus, and that PCR should be paired with histology when a definitive diagnosis is required.

\n

Conclusions

\n

These assays represent the first published methods to detect O. ophiodiicola by real-time PCR. The ITS assay has great utility for assisting with SFD diagnoses whereas the IGS assay offers a valuable tool for research-based applications.

\n
\n
Keywords: 
\n

Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV); Emerging disease; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola ; Real-time PCR; Snake fungal disease

","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8","usgsCitation":"Bohuski, E.A., Lorch, J.M., Griffin, K.M., and Blehert, D.S., 2015, TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease: BMC Veterinary Research, v. 11, no. 95, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059616","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"95","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09d3e4b0c1efddaed147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohuski, Elizabeth A. 0000-0001-8061-2151 ebohuski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-2151","contributorId":5890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohuski","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ebohuski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Kathryn M. 0000-0003-1809-0019 kgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-0019","contributorId":5473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Kathryn","email":"kgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146899,"text":"70146899 - 2015 - Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:32:00","indexId":"70146899","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","docAbstract":"

During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator; 2013). In 2011, peak detection of carcasses occurred in August and consisted primarily of summer residents such as gulls (Larus spp.) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). A subset of fresh carcasses was collected throughout each year of the study and tested for botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). Sixty-one percent of carcasses (57/94) and 10 of 11 species collected throughout the sampling season tested positive for BoNT/E, suggesting avian botulism type E was a major cause of death for both resident and migratory birds in Lake Michigan. The variety of avian species affected by botulism type E throughout the summer and fall during all 4 years of coordinated surveillance also suggests multiple routes for bird exposure to BoNT/E in Lake Michigan.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021","usgsCitation":"Chipault, J.G., White, C.L., Blehert, D.S., Jennings, S.K., and Strom, S.M., 2015, Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 659-664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"664","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055925","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GX48NM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010-2013"},{"id":299851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.73181152343749,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -86.099853515625,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -85.9075927734375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -85.73181152343749,\n 45.023067895446175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -87.4896240234375,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -88.1597900390625,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -87.3907470703125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4132080078125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -85.3802490234375,\n 45.98551218814564\n ],\n [\n -86.1053466796875,\n 45.863237552964364\n ],\n [\n -86.1932373046875,\n 46.0007775685566\n ],\n [\n -85.4132080078125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09a9e4b0c1efddaed12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. 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The movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus across Eurasia and into North America and the virus’ propensity to reassort with co-circulating low pathogenicity viruses raise concerns among poultry producers, wildlife biologists, aviculturists, and public health personnel worldwide. Surveillance, modeling, and experimental research will provide the knowledge required for intelligent policy and management decisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid2107.150403","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Dusek, R., and Spackman, E., 2015, Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1251-1252, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.150403.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064628","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.150403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09cce4b0c1efddaed141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","indexId":"70146896","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T13:10:49","indexId":"70146896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"

Exposure to lead and petroleum has caused deaths of sea ducks, but relatively few contaminants have been shown to cause mortality or be associated with population level effects. This chapter focuses primarily on field reports of contaminant concentrations in tissues of sea ducks in North America and Europe and results of some pertinent experimental studies. Much of the available interpretive data for contaminants in waterfowl come from studies of freshwater species. Limits of available data present a challenge for managers interested in sea ducks because field reports  have shown that marine birds may carry greater burdens of some pollutants than freshwater species, particularly metals. It is important, then, to distinguish poisoning due to a particular contaminant as a cause of death in sea ducks versus simple exposure based solely on tissue residues. A comprehensive approach that incorporates information on field circumstances, any observed clinical signs and lesions, and tissues residues is recommended when evaluating contaminant concentrations in sea ducks.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., 2015, Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6, chap. 6 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, p. 169-240.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Ecology-and-Conservation-of-North-American-Sea-Ducks/Savard-Derksen-Esler-Eadie/p/book/9781482248975"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09b1e4b0c1efddaed131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146868,"text":"70146868 - 2015 - Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T15:08:51","indexId":"70146868","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides","docAbstract":"

The hermaphroditic flat-spired three-tooth land snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) is endemic to a 21-km stretch of the Cheat River Gorge of northeastern West Virginia, USA. We document isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite DNA markers in this at-risk species. The markers displayed a moderate level of allelic diversity (averaging 7.1 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 58.6 %). Allelic diversity at seven loci was sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes; no indication of selfing was detected in this cosexual species. Minimal deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed within subpopulations. All loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations when individuals from subpopulations were pooled. Microsatellite markers developed for T. platysayoides yielded sufficient genetic diversity to (1) distinguish all individuals sampled and the level of selfing; (2) be appropriate for addressing fine-scale population structuring; (3) provide novel demographic insights for the species; and (4) cross-amplify and detect allelic diversity in the congeneric T. juxtidens.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-015-0456-0","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Eackles, M.S., Garner, B.A., van Tuinen, M., and Arbogast, B.S., 2015, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 7, no. 3, p. 767-769, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-015-0456-0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"769","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063973","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09c2e4b0c1efddaed13b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. meackles@usgs.gov","contributorId":4371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, B. A.","contributorId":140387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Tuinen, M.","contributorId":140388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Tuinen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arbogast, B. S.","contributorId":140389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arbogast","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146810,"text":"70146810 - 2015 - Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:03:03","indexId":"70146810","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Quantification of aboveground biomass (AGB) in Alaska’s boreal forest is essential to the accurate evaluation of terrestrial carbon stocks and dynamics in northern high-latitude ecosystems. Our goal was to map AGB at 30 m resolution for the boreal forest in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska using Landsat data and ground measurements. We acquired Landsat images to generate a 3-year (2008–2010) composite of top-of-atmosphere reflectance for six bands as well as the brightness temperature (BT). We constructed a multiple regression model using field-observed AGB and Landsat-derived reflectance, BT, and vegetation indices. A basin-wide boreal forest AGB map at 30 m resolution was generated by applying the regression model to the Landsat composite. The fivefold cross-validation with field measurements had a mean absolute error (MAE) of 25.7 Mg ha−1 (relative MAE 47.5%) and a mean bias error (MBE) of 4.3 Mg ha−1(relative MBE 7.9%). The boreal forest AGB product was compared with lidar-based vegetation height data; the comparison indicated that there was a significant correlation between the two data sets.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2015.1004764","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Brown, D.R., Peterson, B.E., Alexander, H.D., Mack, M., Rover, J.R., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W., Chen, X., and Pastick, N.J., 2015, Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 36, no. 4, p. 939-953, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1004764.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045071","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.53125,\n 60.973107109199404\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -155.0390625,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -152.490234375,\n 63.704722429433225\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -151.435546875,\n 62.99515845212052\n ],\n [\n -150.556640625,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -147.744140625,\n 62.63376960786813\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 62.3903694381427\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.22795717667785\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -145.37109375,\n 69.47296854140573\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -157.763671875,\n 69.38031271734351\n ],\n [\n -157.763671875,\n 68.8159271333607\n ],\n [\n -159.873046875,\n 66.89559561140706\n ],\n [\n -160.6640625,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -164.61914062499997,\n 63.23362741232569\n ],\n [\n -166.2890625,\n 61.77312286453148\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 60.973107109199404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09d0e4b0c1efddaed145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":139587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Dana R. 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In this paper, we report on the adaptation and application of a one-dimensional marsh surface elevation model, the Wetland Accretion Rate Model of Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER), to explore the conditions that lead to sustainable tidal freshwater marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We defined marsh accretion parameters to encapsulate the range of observed values over historic and modern time-scales based on measurements from four marshes in high and low energy fluvial environments as well as possible future trends in sediment supply and mean sea level. A sensitivity analysis of 450 simulations was conducted encompassing a range of eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. porosity values, initial elevations, organic and inorganic matter accumulation rates, and sea-level rise rates. For the range of inputs considered, the magnitude of SLR over the next century was the primary driver of marsh surface elevation change. Sediment supply was the secondary control. More than 84% of the scenarios resulted in sustainable marshes with 88 cm of SLR by 2100, but only 32% and 11% of the scenarios resulted in surviving marshes when SLR was increased to 133 cm and 179 cm, respectively. Marshes situated in high-energy zones were marginally more resilient than those in low-energy zones because of their higher inorganic sediment supply. Overall, the results from this modeling exercise suggest that marshes at the upstream reaches of the Delta—where SLR may be attenuated—and high energy marshes along major channels with high inorganic sediment accumulation rates will be more resilient to global SLR in excess of 88 cm over the next century than their downstream and low-energy counterparts. However, considerable uncertainties exist in the projected rates of sea-level rise and sediment avail-ability. In addition, more research is needed to constrain future rates of aboveground and belowground plant productivity under increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and flooding.

","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","usgsCitation":"Swanson, K.M., Drexler, J., Fuller, C.C., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Modeling tidal freshwater marsh sustainability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under a broad suite of potential future scenarios: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042916","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09c7e4b0c1efddaed13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Kathleen M. kathswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kathswan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34319,"text":"Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Port Aransas, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146874,"text":"70146874 - 2015 - Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:52:03","indexId":"70146874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus","docAbstract":"

Pacific walruses may be unable to meet caloric requirements in the changing Arctic ecosystem, which could affect body condition and have population-level consequences. Body condition has historically been monitored by measuring blubber thickness over the xiphoid process (sternum). This may be an unreliable condition index because blubber at other sites along the body may be preferentially targeted to balance energetic demands. Animals in aquaria provided an opportunity for controlled study of how blubber topography is altered by caloric intake. Morphology, body mass, blubber thickness (21 sites), and caloric intake of five mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating female walruses were measured monthly (12 month minimum). Body condition (mass × standard length−1) was described by a model that included caloric intake and a seasonal effect, and scaled positively with estimates of total blubber mass. Blubber thicknesses (1.91–10.69 cm) varied topographically and were similar to values reported for free-ranging female walruses. Body condition was most closely related to blubber thickness measured dorsomedially in the region of the anterior insertion of the pectoral flippers (shoulders); sternum blubber thickness was a relatively poor indicator of condition. This study demonstrates the importance of validating condition metrics before using them to monitor free-ranging populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mms.12186","usgsCitation":"Noren, S.R., Udevitz, M.S., Triggs, L., Paschke, J., Oland, L., and Jay, C.V., 2015, Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus: Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 2, p. 658-676, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12186.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"676","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052012","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09bbe4b0c1efddaed137","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/mms.12186","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12186","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Noren Shawn R., Udevitz Mark S., Triggs Lisa, Paschke Jessa, Oland Lisa, Jay Chadwick V.","journalName":"Marine Mammal Science","publicationDate":"12/3/2014","auditedOn":"1/6/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noren, Shawn R.","contributorId":127697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noren","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triggs, Lisa","contributorId":140383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triggs","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paschke, Jessa","contributorId":140384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paschke","given":"Jessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oland, Lisa","contributorId":140385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oland","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137582,"text":"ofr20151003 - 2015 - Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T11:23:23","indexId":"ofr20151003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1003","title":"Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report","docAbstract":"

The purpose of the Pre-Assessment Report for the Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment (REA) is to document the selection process for and final list of Conservation Elements, Change Agents, and Management Questions developed during Phase I. The overall goal of the REAs being conducted for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is to provide information that supports regional planning and analysis for the management of ecological resources. The REA provides an assessment of baseline ecological conditions, an evaluation of current risks from drivers of ecosystem change, and a predictive capacity for evaluating future risks. The REA also may be used for identifying priority areas for conservation or restoration and for assessing the cumulative effects of a variety of land uses. There are several components of the REAs. Management Questions, developed by the BLM and partners for the ecoregion, identify the information needed for addressing land-management responsibilities. Conservation Elements represent regionally significant terrestrial and aquatic species and communities that are to be conserved and (or) restored. For each Conservation Element, key ecological attributes will be evaluated to determine the status of each species and community. The REA also will evaluate major drivers of ecosystem change, or Change Agents, currently affecting or likely to affect the status of Conservation Elements in the future. The relationships between Change Agents and key ecological attributes will be summarized using conceptual models. The REA process is a two-phase process. Phase I (pre-assessment) includes developing and finalizing the lists of priority Management Questions, Conservation Elements, and Change Agents, culminating in the REA Pre-Assessment Report.

\n

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the REA process. Chapter 2 describes the biophysical and anthropogenic features of the Southern Great Plains, and Chapter 3 explains the process used to identify Conservation Elements, Change Agents and Management Questionss. The remaining chapters each feature one of 19 Conservation Elements—6 ecological communities and 13 species (including 2 species assemblages)—to be addressed in Phase II. For each Conservation Element, we will address the four primary Change Agents—development, fire, invasive species, and climate change—required for the REA. In addition, we will evaluate insect pests and disease for particular Conservation Elements. Development includes effects related to energy and infrastructure, agricultural activities, and other human activities, including urbanization and recreation.

\n

An overview on the ecology and management issues for each Conservation Element is provided, including distribution and ecology, landscape structure and dynamics, and associated species of management concern affiliated with each Conservation Element. For each Conservation Element, effects of the Change Agents are described. An overview of potential key ecological attributes and potential Change Agents are summarized by conceptual models and tables. The tables provide an organizational framework and background information for evaluating the key ecological attributes and Change Agents in Phase II.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., Melcher, C.P., and Carr, N.B., 2015, Southern Great Plains Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: pre-assessment report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1003, xiv, 284 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151003.","productDescription":"xiv, 284 p.","numberOfPages":"302","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059315","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151003.jpg"},{"id":299825,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1003/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":299832,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1003/pdf/ofr2015-1003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Southern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09cee4b0c1efddaed143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Natasha B. 0000-0002-4842-0632 carrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-0632","contributorId":1918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Natasha","email":"carrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146687,"text":"70146687 - 2015 - Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146687,"text":"70146687 - 2015 - Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","indexId":"70146687","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T15:35:12.861487","indexId":"70146687","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","docAbstract":"

This chapter addresses disease agents in the broad sense, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and helminth parasites, and biological toxins. Some of these agents are known to cause mortality in sea ducks, some are thought to be incidental findings, and the significance of others is yet poorly understood. Although the focus of the chapter is on free-living sea ducks, the study of disease in this taxonomic group has been relatively limited and examples from captive sea ducks and other wild waterfowl are used to illustrate the pathogenicity of certain diseases. Much of the early work in sea ducks consisted of anecdotal and descriptive reports of parasites, but it was soon recognized that diseases such as avian cholera, renal coccidiosis, and intestinal infections with acanthocephalans were causes of mortality in wild populations. More recently, adenoviruses, reoviruses, and the newly emergent Wellfleet Bay virus, for example, also have been linked to die-offs of sea ducks. Declining populations of animals are particularly vulnerable to the threats posed by disease and it is important that we improve our understanding of the significance of disease in sea ducks. To conclude, we offer our recommendations for future directions in this field.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Hollmén, T., and Franson, J., 2015, Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks, chap. 4 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks: Studies in Avian Biology 46, v. 46, p. 97-123.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053392","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5536151fe4b0b22a15807a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146802,"text":"ofr20151070 - 2015 - Incorporating induced seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model: results of the 2014 workshop and sensitivity studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:07:42","indexId":"ofr20151070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1070","title":"Incorporating induced seismicity in the 2014 United States National Seismic Hazard Model: results of the 2014 workshop and sensitivity studies","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States was updated in 2014 to account for new methods, input models, and data necessary for assessing the seismic ground shaking hazard from natural (tectonic) earthquakes. The U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model project uses probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to quantify the rate of exceedance for earthquake ground shaking (ground motion). For the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model assessment, the seismic hazard from potentially induced earthquakes was intentionally not considered because we had not determined how to properly treat these earthquakes for the seismic hazard analysis. The phrases “potentially induced” and “induced” are used interchangeably in this report, however it is acknowledged that this classification is based on circumstantial evidence and scientific judgment. For the 2014 National Seismic Hazard Model update, the potentially induced earthquakes were removed from the NSHM’s earthquake catalog, and the documentation states that we would consider alternative models for including induced seismicity in a future version of the National Seismic Hazard Model. As part of the process of incorporating induced seismicity into the seismic hazard model, we evaluate the sensitivity of the seismic hazard from induced seismicity to five parts of the hazard model: (1) the earthquake catalog, (2) earthquake rates, (3) earthquake locations, (4) earthquake Mmax (maximum magnitude), and (5) earthquake ground motions. We describe alternative input models for each of the five parts that represent differences in scientific opinions on induced seismicity characteristics. In this report, however, we do not weight these input models to come up with a preferred final model. Instead, we present a sensitivity study showing uniform seismic hazard maps obtained by applying the alternative input models for induced seismicity. The final model will be released after further consideration of the reliability and scientific acceptability of each alternative input model. Forecasting the seismic hazard from induced earthquakes is fundamentally different from forecasting the seismic hazard for natural, tectonic earthquakes. This is because the spatio-temporal patterns of induced earthquakes are reliant on economic forces and public policy decisions regarding extraction and injection of fluids. As such, the rates of induced earthquakes are inherently variable and nonstationary. Therefore, we only make maps based on an annual rate of exceedance rather than the 50-year rates calculated for previous U.S. Geological Survey hazard maps.

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Streamflow in the Esopus Creek watershed is altered by two major watershed management activities carried out by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection as part of its responsibility to maintain a water supply for New York City: (1) diversion of water from the Schoharie Creek watershed to the Esopus Creek through the Shandaken Tunnel, and (2) impoundment of the Esopus Creek by a dam that forms the Ashokan Reservoir and subsequent release through the Catskill Aqueduct. Stakeholders in the Catskill region are interested and concerned about the extent to which these watershed management activities have altered streamflow, especially low and high flows, in the Esopus Creek. To address these concerns, natural (in the absence of diversion and impoundment) daily discharge from October 1, 1931, to September 30, 2012, was estimated for the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages at Coldbrook (station number 01362500), downstream of the Shandaken Tunnel discharge, and at Mount Marion (01364500), downstream of the Ashokan Reservoir.

\n

A multiple linear regression approach, using nearby discharge records from unimpounded streams as predictive variables, was applied to estimate natural discharge at the Coldbrook streamgage. Estimated values of natural daily discharge at the Coldbrook streamgage were lower than values of gaged daily discharge throughout the flow range at this site. At moderate- and low-flow conditions, gaged daily-discharge values were about two to three times greater than natural daily-discharge estimates, whereas the difference between the two records was less than 5 percent for the highest 1 percent of daily-discharge values. These results indicate that Shandaken Tunnel discharge has a minor effect on flooding in the Esopus Creek Basin. However, a difference of 5 percent is within the uncertainty of the regression-based natural discharge estimates for Coldbrook; thus, it cannot be stated with certainty that the Tunnel has on average any effect on flow for the highest 1 percent of daily discharge values.

\n

Natural discharge at the Mount Marion streamgage was estimated by summing the natural discharge estimated for the Coldbrook streamgage and the discharge estimated for the intervening basin area through application of the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool, recently developed for estimating unaltered streamflow at ungaged locations in the State. Estimates of natural daily discharge at the Mount Marion streamgage were about three times greater than gaged daily discharge throughout the moderate- to low-flow range from October 1, 1970, to September 30, 2012, the period of record for full water years at this streamgage. The relative difference between the two discharge time series declined as flow increased beyond the moderate range, but gaged daily discharge was still 25 to 43 percent less than estimated natural daily discharge for the high-flow metrics calculated in this analysis, and the mean relative difference was 43 percent for the annual 1-day maximum discharge. Overall, these estimates of natural discharge reflect the absence of effects of the Shandaken Tunnel and Ashokan Reservoir on flows in the Esopus Creek over broad time frames. However, caution is warranted if one is attempting to apply the natural estimates at short time scales because the regression prediction intervals indicate that uncertainty at a daily time step ranges from about 40 to 80 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and Gazoorian, C.L., 2015, Estimates of natural streamflow at two streamgages on the Esopus Creek, New York, water years 1932 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5050, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155050.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1931-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-057285","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155050.jpg"},{"id":299830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5050/pdf/sir2015-5050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5050/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Esopus Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ],\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 42.14507804381756\n ],\n [\n -73.8885498046875,\n 42.14507804381756\n ],\n [\n -73.8885498046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ],\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09b7e4b0c1efddaed135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gazoorian, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5408-6212 cgazoori@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-6212","contributorId":2929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazoorian","given":"Christopher","email":"cgazoori@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139643,"text":"70139643 - 2015 - Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:37:36","indexId":"70139643","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network","docAbstract":"

The confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, CA, forms a large network of interconnected channels, referred to as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). The Delta comprises the transition zone from the fluvial influences of the upstream rivers and tidal influences of San Francisco Bay downstream. Formerly an extensive tidal marsh, the hydrodynamics and geomorphology of Delta have been substantially modified by humans to support agriculture, navigation, and water supply. These modifications, including construction of new channels, diking and draining of tidal wetlands, dredging of navigation channels, and the operation of large pumping facilities for distribution of freshwater from the Delta to other parts of the state, have had a dramatic impact on the physical and ecological processes within the Delta. To better understand the current physical processes, and their linkages to ecological processes, the USGS maintains an extensive network of flow, sediment, and water quality gages in the Delta. Flow gaging is accomplished through use of the index-velocity method, and sediment monitoring uses turbidity as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration. Herein, we present analyses of the transport and dispersal of suspended sediment through the complex network of channels in the Delta. The primary source of sediment to the Delta is the Sacramento River, which delivers pulses of sediment primarily during winter and spring runoff events. Upon reaching the Delta, the sediment pulses move through the fluvial-tidal transition while also encountering numerous channel junctions as the Sacramento River branches into several distributary channels. The monitoring network allows us to track these pulses through the network and document the dominant transport pathways for suspended sediment. Further, the flow gaging allows for an assessment of the relative effects of advection (the fluvial signal) and dispersion (from the tides) on the sediment pulses as they move through the system. Herein, we present analyses of the “first flush” sediment pulse that occurred on the Sacramento River in December 2012, documenting the transport pathways as well as the effects of advection and dispersion on the sediment as it moved through the fluvial-tidal transition in the Delta. The analyses identified an important transport pathway through the interior of the Delta toward the large pumping facilities in the south Delta, which has important implications for native fish (because their movements are triggered by sediment/turbidity). The results also reveal the dramatic transition from fluvial-dominated transport (advection) to tidal-dominated transport (dispersion) as the sediment pulse approaches the estuary.

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This extended abstract is based on the U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Reports by Crow et al. (2013) and Banta and Ockerman (2014). Suspended sediment in rivers and streams can play an important role in ecological health of rivers and estuaries and consequently is an important issue for water-resource managers. The quantity and type of suspended sediment can affect the biological communities (Wood and Armitage, 1997), the concentration and movement of natural constituents and anthropogenic contaminants (Moran and others, 2012), and the amount of sediment deposition in coastal environments (Milliman and Meade, 1983). To better understand suspended-sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and Texas Water Development Board, conducted a two-phase study to (1) collect and analyze sediment data to characterize sediment conditions in the San Antonio River downstream of San Antonio, Texas, and (2) develop and calibrate a watershed model to simulate hydrologic conditions and suspended-sediment loads for four watersheds in the San Antonio River Basin, downstream from San Antonio, Texas.

","conferenceTitle":"SedHydro 2015","conferenceDate":"19-23 April 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"SedHydro Conference","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., Ockerman, D.J., Crow, C., and Opsahl, S.P., 2015, Characterizing and simulating sediment loads and transport in the lower part of the San Antonio River Basin, SedHydro 2015, Reno, Nevada, 19-23 April 2015, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062689","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.82525634765625,\n 28.47110572883182\n ],\n [\n -97.12326049804688,\n 28.64359439042694\n ],\n [\n -97.8826904296875,\n 29.165353121242656\n ],\n [\n -98.06259155273438,\n 29.26124274448168\n ],\n [\n -98.2012939453125,\n 29.099376992628493\n ],\n [\n -98.19717407226562,\n 28.841064894531943\n ],\n [\n -97.70690917968749,\n 28.674925574564284\n ],\n [\n -97.10128784179688,\n 28.426429818183024\n ],\n [\n -96.84997558593749,\n 28.411936281507902\n ],\n [\n -96.82388305664062,\n 28.456618312416825\n ],\n [\n -96.84173583984374,\n 28.480762902990307\n ],\n [\n -96.82525634765625,\n 28.47110572883182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eafe4b093cee780a27e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":4723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Cassi","contributorId":149426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138817,"text":"70138817 - 2015 - Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T16:52:09","indexId":"70138817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011","docAbstract":"

Dam construction, flow diversion, and legacy landuse effects reduced the transport capacity, sediment supply, channel complexity and floodplain-connectivity along the Trinity River, CA below Lewiston Dam. This study documents the geomorphic evolution of the Trinity River Restoration Program’s intensively managed 65-km long restoration reach from 1980 to 2011. The nature and extent of riparian and channel changes were assessed using a series of geomorphic feature maps constructed from ortho-rectified photography acquired at low flow conditions in 1980, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2009, and 2011. Since 1980 there has been a general conversion of riparian to channel features and expansion of the active channel area. The primary mechanism for expansion of the active channel was bank erosion from 1980 to 1997 and channel widening was well distributed longitudinally throughout the study reach. Subsequent net bar accretion from 1997 to 2001, followed by slightly higher net bar scour from 2001 to 2006, occurred primarily in the central and lower reaches of the study area. In comparison, post-2006 bank and bar changes were spatially-limited to reaches with sufficient local transport capacity or sediment supply supported by gravel augmentation, mechanical channel rehabilitation, and tributary contributions to flow and sediment supply. A series of tributary floods in 1997, 1998 and 2006 were the primary factors leading to documented increases in channel complexity and floodplain connectivity. During the post-2006 period managed flow releases, in the absence of large magnitude tributary flooding, combined with gravel augmentation and mechanical restoration caused localized increases in sediment supply and transport capacity leading to smaller but measurable increases in channel complexity and floodplain connectivity primarily in the upper river below Lewiston Dam.

","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., 2015, Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057841","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.80792236328125,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -122.79899597167967,\n 40.7030252595921\n ],\n [\n -122.85118103027344,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -122.88688659667969,\n 40.65980593837855\n ],\n [\n -122.93838500976561,\n 40.639488387988365\n ],\n [\n -122.97409057617188,\n 40.65095033081072\n ],\n [\n -123.02215576171875,\n 40.6629311662891\n ],\n [\n -123.05580139160156,\n 40.69573721839922\n ],\n [\n -123.07296752929688,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -123.0805206298828,\n 40.747777160820704\n ],\n [\n -123.1409454345703,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -123.19725036621094,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -123.21510314941406,\n 40.72852712420599\n ],\n [\n -123.25218200683592,\n 40.73112880602221\n ],\n [\n -123.24531555175781,\n 40.74465591168391\n ],\n [\n -123.17047119140624,\n 40.75766014997032\n ],\n [\n -123.13133239746094,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -123.04824829101561,\n 40.753499070431374\n ],\n [\n -123.03451538085939,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -123.02558898925781,\n 40.7030252595921\n ],\n [\n -123.01185607910156,\n 40.6827208759455\n ],\n [\n -122.98988342285156,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.96928405761717,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.93907165527342,\n 40.658764163202925\n ],\n [\n -122.91778564453125,\n 40.676992879826386\n ],\n [\n -122.90748596191405,\n 40.68792771802359\n ],\n [\n -122.86697387695312,\n 40.70094304347228\n ],\n [\n -122.85186767578125,\n 40.71083299030839\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 40.72124187397379\n ],\n [\n -122.82852172851561,\n 40.72540497175605\n ],\n [\n -122.81410217285155,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -122.80792236328125,\n 40.724884598773755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433be4b048076347eec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137612,"text":"70137612 - 2015 - From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T15:15:35","indexId":"70137612","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool","docAbstract":"

Sediment is a major cause of stream impairment, and improved sediment monitoring is a crucial need. Point samples of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) are often not enough to provide an understanding to answer critical questions in a changing environment. As technology has improved, there now exists the opportunity to obtain discrete measurements of SSC and flux while providing a spatial scale unmatched by any other device. Acoustic instruments are ubiquitous in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for making streamflow measurements but when calibrated with physical sediment samples, they may be used for sediment measurements as well. The acoustic backscatter measured by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) has long been known to correlate well with suspended sediment, but until recently, it has mainly been qualitative in nature. This new method using acoustic surrogates has great potential to leverage the routine data collection to provide calibrated, quantitative measures of SSC which hold promise to be more accurate, complete, and cost efficient than other methods. This extended abstract presents a method for the measurement of high spatial and temporal resolution SSC using a down-looking, mobile ADCP from discrete cross-sections. The high-resolution scales of sediment data are a primary advantage and a vast improvement over other discrete methods for measuring SSC. Although acoustic surrogate technology using continuous, fixed-deployment ADCPs (side-looking) is proven, the same methods cannot be used with down-looking ADCPs due to the fact that the SSC and particle-size distribution variation in the vertical profile violates theory and complicates assumptions. A software tool was developed to assist in using acoustic backscatter from a down-looking, mobile ADCP as a surrogate for SSC. This tool has a simple graphical user interface that loads the data, assists in the calibration procedure, and provides data visualization and output options. This tool is designed to improve ongoing efforts to monitor and predict resource responses to a changing environment. Because ADCPs are used routinely for streamflow measurements, using acoustic backscatter from ADCPs as a surrogate for SSC has the potential to revolutionize sediment measurements by providing rapid measurements of sediment flux and distribution at spatial and temporal scales that are far beyond the capabilities of traditional physical samplers.

","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J., 2015, From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061674","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389752e4b0d6133fe72fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boldt, Justin A. jboldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"Justin A.","email":"jboldt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70137268,"text":"70137268 - 2015 - Estimating concentrations of fine-grained and total suspended sediment from close-range remote sensing imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T11:27:56","indexId":"70137268","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating concentrations of fine-grained and total suspended sediment from close-range remote sensing imagery","docAbstract":"

Fluvial sediment, a vital surface water resource, is hazardous in excess. Suspended sediment, the most prevalent source of impairment of river systems, can adversely affect flood control, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystems, recreation, and water supply (e.g., Rasmussen et al., 2009; Qu, 2014). Monitoring programs typically focus on suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge (SSQ). These time-series data are used to study changes to basin hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology caused by disturbances. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has traditionally used physical sediment sample-based methods (Edwards and Glysson, 1999; Nolan et al., 2005; Gray et al., 2008) to compute SSC and SSQ from continuous streamflow data using a sediment transport-curve (e.g., Walling, 1977) or hydrologic interpretation (Porterfield, 1972). Accuracy of these data is typically constrained by the resources required to collect and analyze intermittent physical samples. Quantifying SSC using continuous instream turbidity is rapidly becoming common practice among sediment monitoring programs. Estimations of SSC and SSQ are modeled from linear regression analysis of concurrent turbidity and physical samples. Sediment-surrogate technologies such as turbidity promise near real-time information, increased accuracy, and reduced cost compared to traditional physical sample-based methods (Walling, 1977; Uhrich and Bragg, 2003; Gray and Gartner, 2009; Rasmussen et al., 2009; Landers et al., 2012; Landers and Sturm, 2013; Uhrich et al., 2014). Statistical comparisons among SSQ computation methods show that turbidity-SSC regression models can have much less uncertainty than streamflow-based sediment transport-curves or hydrologic interpretation (Walling, 1977; Lewis, 1996; Glysson et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2008). However, computation of SSC and SSQ records from continuous instream turbidity data is not without challenges; some of these include environmental fouling, calibration, and data range among sensors. Of greatest interest to many programs is a hysteresis in the relationship between turbidity and SSC, attributed to temporal variation of particle size distribution (Landers and Sturm, 2013; Uhrich et al., 2014). This phenomenon causes increased uncertainty in regression-estimated values of SSC, due to changes in nephelometric reflectance off the varying grain sizes in suspension (Uhrich et al., 2014). Here, we assess the feasibility and application of close-range remote sensing to quantify SSC and particle size distribution of a disturbed, and highly-turbid, river system. We use a consumer-grade digital camera to acquire imagery of the river surface and a depth-integrating sampler to collect concurrent suspended-sediment samples. We then develop two empirical linear regression models to relate image spectral information to concentrations of fine sediment (clay to silt) and total suspended sediment. Before presenting our regression model development, we briefly summarize each data-acquisition method.

","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"19-23 April, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"Federal Interagency Sediment Program","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Christianson, T.S., and Uhrich, M.A., 2015, Estimating concentrations of fine-grained and total suspended sediment from close-range remote sensing imagery, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, 19-23 April, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060181","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eb1e4b093cee780a287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christianson, Tami S. 0000-0002-6873-9229 tchristianson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":5986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","email":"tchristianson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137942,"text":"70137942 - 2015 - The upper bound of abutment scour defined by selected laboratory and field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:38:26","indexId":"70137942","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The upper bound of abutment scour defined by selected laboratory and field data","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a field investigation of abutment scour in South Carolina and used that data to develop envelope curves defining the upper bound of abutment scour. To expand upon this previous work, an additional cooperative investigation was initiated to combine the South Carolina data with abutment-scour data from other sources and evaluate the upper bound of abutment scour with the larger data set. To facilitate this analysis, a literature review was made to identify potential sources of published abutment-scour data, and selected data, consisting of 446 laboratory and 331 field measurements, were compiled for the analysis. These data encompassed a wide range of laboratory and field conditions and represent field data from 6 states within the United States. The data set was used to evaluate the South Carolina abutment-scour envelope curves. Additionally, the data were used to evaluate a dimensionless abutment-scour envelope curve developed by Melville (1992), highlighting the distinct difference in the upper bound for laboratory and field data. The envelope curves evaluated in this investigation provide simple but useful tools for assessing the potential maximum abutment-scour depth in the field setting.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceTitle":"5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., and Caldwell, A.W., 2015, The upper bound of abutment scour defined by selected laboratory and field data, in Proceedings of the 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference and the 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060792","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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