A 20-m-wide trench was excavated to bedrock on a hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the Piedmont region of Georgia to determine the effect of upslope drainage area from the soil and bedrock surfaces on the geochemical evolution of base cation concentrations in subsurface flow. Samples were collected from ten 2-m sections and five natural soil pipes during three winter rainstorms in 1996. Base cation concentrations in hillslope subsurface flow were generally highest early and late in the storm response when flow rates were low, but during peak flow, concentrations varied little. Base cation concentrations in matrix flow from the 10 trench sections were unrelated to the soil surface drainage area and weakly inversely related to the bedrock surface drainage area. Base cation concentrations in pipe flow were lower than those in matrix flow and were also consistent with the inverse relation to bedrock surface drainage area found in matrix flow. The left side of the trench, which has the highest bedrock surface drainage area, had consistently lower mean base cation concentrations than the right side of the trench, which has the lowest bedrock surface drainage area. During moderate size rain events of about 20–40 mm, subsurface flow occurred only on the left side of the trench. The greater volume of water that has flowed through the left side of the trench appears to have resulted in greater leaching of base cations from soils and therefore lower base cation concentrations in subsurface flow than in flow from the right side of the trench. Alternatively, a greater proportion of flow that bypasses the soil matrix may have occurred through the hillslope on the left side of the trench than on the right side. Flushing frequency links spatial hillslope water flux with the evolution of groundwater and soil chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02450","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Hooper, R.P., McDonnell, J.J., Freer, J.E., Kendall, C., and Beven, K., 1998, Base cation concentrations in subsurface flow from a forested hillslope: The role of flushing frequency: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 12, p. 3535-3544, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02450.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3535","endPage":"3544","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02450","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Panola Mountain Research Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.16667,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -84.17778,\n 33.625\n ],\n [\n -84.17778,\n 33.63333\n ],\n [\n -84.16667,\n 33.63333\n ],\n [\n -84.16667,\n 33.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc6e4b0c8380cd4a44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":202934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36551,"text":"University of Saskatchewan, Canada, and University of Aberdeen, Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freer, James E. 0000-0001-6388-7890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-7890","contributorId":188139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beven, Keith","contributorId":188140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beven","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020269,"text":"70020269 - 1998 - The geochemical record in rock glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T01:01:09.697198","indexId":"70020269","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical record in rock glaciers","docAbstract":"A 9.5 m ice core was extracted from beneath the surficial debris cover of a rock glacier at Galena Creek, northwestern Wyoming. The core contains clean, bubble-rich ice with silty debris layers spaced at roughly 20 cm intervals. The debris layers are similar in appearance to those in typical alpine glaciers, reflecting concentration of debris by melting at the surface during the summer ablation season. Profiles of stable isotope concentrations and electrical conductivity measurements provide independent evidence for melting in association with debris layers. These observations are consistent with a glacial origin for the ice, substantiating the glacigenic model for rock glacier formation. The deuterium excess profile in the ice indicates that the total depth of meltwater infiltration is less than the thickness of one annual layer, suggesting that isotope values and other geochemical signatures are preserved at annual resolution. This finding demonstrates the potential for obtaining useful paleoclimate information from rock glacier ice.
This paper examines the linkages between the carbon cycle and sedimentary processes on land. Available data suggest that sedimentation on land can bury vast quantities of organic carbon, roughly 1015 g C yr−1. To evaluate the relative roles of various classes of processes in the burial of carbon on land, terrestrial sedimentation was modeled as a series of 864 scenarios. Each scenario represents a unique choice of intensities for seven classes of processes and two different global wetland distributions. Comparison was made with presumed preagricultural conditions. The classes of processes were divided into two major component parts: clastic sedimentation of soil-derived carbon and organic sedimentation of autochthonous carbon. For clastic sedimentation, masses of sediment were considered for burial as reservoir sediment, lake sediment, and combined colluvium, alluvium, and aeolian deposits. When the ensemble of models is examined, the human-induced burial of 0.6-1.5·1015 g yr−1 of carbon on land is entirely plausible. This sink reaches its maximum strength between 30° and 50° N. Paddy lands stand out as a type of land use that warrants future study, but the many faces of rice agriculture limit generalization. In an extreme scenario, paddy lands alone could be made to bury about 1·1015 g C yr−1. Arguing that terrestrial sedimentation processes could be much of the sink for the so called “missing carbon” is reasonable. Such a hypothesis, however, requires major redesign of how the carbon cycle is modeled. Unlike ecosystem processes that are amenable to satellite monitoring and parallel modeling, many aspects of terrestrial sedimentation are hidden from space.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98GB00741","usgsCitation":"Stallard, R.F., 1998, Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: Coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 2, p. 231-257, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GB00741.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479885,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98gb00741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba562e4b08c986b3209f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020283,"text":"70020283 - 1998 - Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T23:08:33.816194","indexId":"70020283","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variations in the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies","docAbstract":"The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes measured by the b-value is determined as a function of space beneath Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from data recorded between August 1, 1995 and March 31, 1996. A volume of anomalously high b-values (b > 3.0) with a 1.5 km radius is imaged at depths of 0 and 1.5 km beneath English's Crater and Chance's Peak. This high b-value anomaly extends southwest to Gage's Soufriere. At depths greater than 2.5 km volumes of comparatively low b-values (b∼1) are found beneath St. George's Hill, Windy Hill, and below 2.5 km depth and to the south of English's Crater. We speculate the depth of high b-value anomalies under volcanoes may be a function of silica content, modified by some additional factors, with the most siliceous having these volumes that are highly fractured or contain high pore pressure at the shallowest depths.
We relocate nearly 100,000 events that occurred during the period 1964 to 1995 and are well-constrained teleseismically by arrival-time data reported to the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and to the U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Hypocenter determination is significantly improved by using, in addition to regional and teleseismic P and S phases, the arrival times of PKiKP, PKPdf, and the teleseismic depth phases pP, pwP, and sP in the relocation procedure. A global probability model developed for later-arriving phases is used to independently identify the depth phases. The relocations are compared to hypocenters reported in the ISC and NEIC catalogs and by other sources. Differences in our epicenters with respect to ISC and NEIC estimates are generally small and regionally systematic due to the combined effects of the observing station network and plate geometry regionally, differences in upper mantle travel times between the reference earth models used, and the use of later-arriving phases. Focal depths are improved substantially over most other independent estimates, demonstrating (for example) how regional structures such as downgoing slabs can severely bias depth estimation when only regional and teleseismic P arrivals are used to determine the hypocenter. The new data base, which is complete to about Mw 5.2 and includes all events for which moment-tensor solutions are available, has immediate application to high-resolution definition of Wadati-Benioff Zones (WBZs) worldwide, regional and global tomographic imaging, and other studies of earth structure.
Extra-pair paternity is common in many socially monogamous passerine birds with biparental care. Thus, males often invest in offspring to which they are not related. Models of optimal parental investment predict that, under certain assumptions, males should lower their investment in response to reduced certainty of paternity. We attempted to reduce certainty of paternity experimentally in two species, the eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis, and the tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, by temporarily removing fertile females on two mornings during egg laying. In both species, experimental males usually attempted to copulate with the female immediately after her reappearance, suggesting that they experienced the absence of their mate as a threat to their paternity. Experimental males copulated at a significantly higher rate than control males. However, contrary to the prediction of the model, experimental males did not invest less than control males in their offspring. There was no difference between experimental and control nests in the proportion of male feeds, male and female feeding rates, nestling growth and nestling condition and size at age 14 days. We argue that females might have restored the males’ confidence in paternity after the experiment by soliciting or accepting copulations. Alternatively, males may not reduce their effort, because the fitness costs to their own offspring may outweigh the benefits for the males, at least in populations where females cannot fully compensate for reduced male investment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anbe.1997.0667","usgsCitation":"Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R.B., and Robertson, R.J., 1998, Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in eastern bluebirds and tree swallows: Animal Behaviour, v. 55, no. 4, p. 845-860, https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0667.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b8e4b072a7ac129932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Raleigh J.","contributorId":179015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Raleigh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020851,"text":"70020851 - 1998 - Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:24:11.347183","indexId":"70020851","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","docAbstract":"The properties of the tremor wave field at Stromboli are analyzed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed on the north flank of the volcano. The seismometers are configured in two semi-circular arrays with radii of 60 and 150 m and a linear array with length of 600 m. The data are analyzed using a spatiotemporal correlation technique specifically designed for the study of the stationary stochastic wave field of Rayleigh and Love waves generated by volcanic activity and by scattering sources distributed within the island. The correlation coefficients derived as a function of frequency for the three components of motion clearly define the dispersion characteristics for both Rayleigh and Love waves. Love and Rayleigh waves contribute 70% and 30%, respectively, of the surface-wave power. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1000 m/sec at 2 Hz to 350 m/sec at 9 Hz, and those for Love waves range from 800 to 400 m/sec over the same frequency band. These velocities are similar to those measured near Puu Oo on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, although the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves at Stromboli show a stronger dependence on frequency. Such low velocities are consistent with values expected for densely cracked solidified basalt. The dispersion curves are inverted for a velocity model beneath the arrays, assuming those dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves.
Transport of dissolved material in streams and small rivers may be characterized using tracer-dilution methods and solute transport models. Recent studies have quantified stream/substream interactions using models of transient storage. These studies are based on tracer-dilution data obtained during periods of steady flow. We present a modeling framework for the analysis of transient storage in stream systems with unsteady flows. The framework couples a kinematic wave routing model with a solute transport model that includes transient storage. The routing model provides time-varying flows and cross-sectional areas that are used as input to the solute transport model. The modeling framework was used to quantify stream/substream interaction in Huey Creek, an Antarctic stream fed exclusively by glacial meltwater. Analysis of tracer-dilution data indicates that there was substantial interaction between the flowing surface water and the hyporheic (substream) zone. The ratio of storage zone area to stream cross-sectional area (A<sub>s</sub>/A) was >1 in all stream reaches, indicating that the substream area contributing to hyporheic exchange was large relative to stream cross-sectional area. The rate of exchange, as governed by the transient storage exchange coefficient (α), was rapid because of a high stream gradient and porous alluvial materials. Estimates of α generally exceed those determined for other small streams. The high degree of hyporheic exchange supports the hypothesis that weathering reactions within the hyporheos account for observed increases in solute concentration with stream length, as noted in other studies of Antarctic streams.
Four alpine streams were monitored to continuously collect stream temperature and streamflow for periods ranging from a week to a year. In a small stream in the Colorado Rockies, diurnal variations in both stream temperature and streamflow were significantly greater in losing reaches than in gaining reaches, with minimum streamflow losses occurring early in the day and maximum losses occurring early in the evening. Using measured stream temperature changes, diurnal streambed infiltration rates were predicted to increase as much as 35% during the day (based on a heat and water transport groundwater model), while the measured increase in streamflow loss was 40%. For two large streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, annual stream temperature variations ranged from 0° to 25°C. In summer months, diurnal stream temperature variations were 30–40% of annual stream temperature variations, owing to reduced streamflows and increased atmospheric heating. Previous reports document that one Sierra stream site generally gains groundwater during low flows, while the second Sierra stream site may lose water during low flows. For August the diurnal streamflow variation was 11% at the gaining stream site and 30% at the losing stream site. On the basis of measured diurnal stream temperature variations, streambed infiltration rates were predicted to vary diurnally as much as 20% at the losing stream site. Analysis of results suggests that evapotranspiration losses determined diurnal streamflow variations in the gaining reaches, while in the losing reaches, evapotranspiration losses were compounded by diurnal variations in streambed infiltration. Diurnal variations in stream temperature were reduced in the gaining reaches as a result of discharging groundwater of relatively constant temperature. For the Sierra sites, comparison of results with those from a small tributary demonstrated that stream temperature patterns were useful in delineating discharges of bank storage following dam releases. Direct coupling may have occurred between streamflow and stream temperature for losing stream reaches, such that reduced streamflows facilitated increased afternoon stream temperatures and increased afternoon stream temperatures induced increased streambed losses, leading to even greater increases in both stream temperature and streamflow losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00998","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1998, Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020785,"text":"70020785 - 1998 - Assessment of natural attenuation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater near a former manufactured-gas plant, South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T09:50:59","indexId":"70020785","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of natural attenuation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater near a former manufactured-gas plant, South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Shallow, anaerobic groundwater near a former manufactured-gas plant (MGP) in Charleston, South Carolina, USA, contains mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs and PAHs, respectively). Between 1994 and 1997, a combination of field, laboratory, and numerical-flow and transport-model investigations were made to assess natural attenuation processes affecting MAH and PAH distributions. This assessment included determination of adsorption coefficients (K(ad)) and first-order biodegradation rate constants (K(bio)) using aquifer material from the MGP site and adjacent properties. Naphthalene adsorption (K(ad) = 1.35 x 10-7 m3/mg) to aquifer sediments was higher than toluene adsorption (K(ad) = 9.34 x 10-10 m3/mg), suggesting preferential toluene transport relative to naphthalene. However, toluene and benzene distributions measured in January 1994 were smaller than the naphthalene distribution. This scenario can be explained, in part, by the differences between biodegradation rates of the compounds. Aerobic first-order rate constants of 14C-toluene, 14C-benzene, and 14C-naphthalene degradation were similar (-0.84, -0.03, and 0.88 day-1, respectively), but anaerobic rate constants were higher for toluene and benzene (-0.002 and -0.00014 day-1, respectively) than for naphthalene (-0.000046 day-1). Both areal and cross-sectional numerical simulations were used to test the hypothesis suggested by these rate differences that MAH compounds will be contained relative to PAHs. Predictive simulations indicated that the distributions of toluene and benzene reach steady-state conditions before groundwater flow lines discharge to an adjacent surface-water body, but do discharge low concentrations of naphthalene. Numerical predictions were 'audited' by measuring concentrations of naphthalene, toluene, and benzene at the site in early 1997. Measured naphthalene and toluene concentrations were substantially reduced and the areal extent of contamination smaller than was both observed in January 1994 and predicted for 1997. Measured 1997 benzene concentrations and distribution were shown to be relatively unchanged from those measured in 1994, and similar to predictions for 1997.The natural attenuation processes affecting mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs and PAHs, respectively) distributions in groundwater near a former manufactured-gas plant in South Carolina, USA was evaluated. This assessment included determination of adsorption coefficients and first-order biodegradation rate constants. Detailed results obtained in the study are presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s002540050279","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Chapelle, F.H., Petkewich, M., and Bradley, P., 1998, Assessment of natural attenuation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater near a former manufactured-gas plant, South Carolina, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 34, no. 4, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050279.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050279"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"North Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.93066549301147,\n 32.78601177512723\n ],\n [\n -79.93066549301147,\n 32.79232535500283\n ],\n [\n -79.92283344268797,\n 32.79232535500283\n ],\n [\n -79.92283344268797,\n 32.78601177512723\n ],\n [\n -79.93066549301147,\n 32.78601177512723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee42e4b0c8380cd49c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petkewich, M.D.","contributorId":89927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020965,"text":"70020965 - 1998 - Geographic, temporal, and age-specific variation in diets of Glaucous Gulls in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:34:02.264561","indexId":"70020965","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic, temporal, and age-specific variation in diets of Glaucous Gulls in western Alaska","docAbstract":"We collected boluses and food remains of adult Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) at or near nests and chicks, and digestive tracts from adults at three sites on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska that differed in proximity to marine and terrestrial foods. We observed both geographic and temporal variation in diet; gulls consumed proportionately more terrestrial prey after peak hatch in late June, and gulls near the coast consumed proportionately more marine prey than gulls at two inland areas. Goslings occurred in > 60% of all samples from these inland areas. We compared these data to those from a previous study in western Alaska and found no marked differences. Evidence for similar patterns of geographic and temporal variation in diet was found using measurements of stable-carbon and nitrogen isotopes in gull and prey tissues. Stable isotope analysis further revealed that adult gulls consumed proportionately more marine prey (saffron cod, Eleginus gracilis) than they fed to their young. Using isotopic models, we estimated that 7-22% and 10-23% of the diet of adult and juvenile Glaucous Gulls, respectively, was comprised of terrestrial species. In addition to significant age-related variation, dietary estimates varied among geographic areas and between pre- and post-hatch periods. Overall, our isotopic estimates of the contribution of terrestrial prey to the diet of Glaucous Gulls was less than what may be inferred from conventional methods of diet analysis. Our study emphasizes the benefit of combining stable-isotope and conventional analyses to infer temporal and geographic changes in diet of wild birds and other organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369903","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., and Hobson, K., 1998, Geographic, temporal, and age-specific variation in diets of Glaucous Gulls in western Alaska: Condor, v. 100, no. 1, p. 119-130, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369903.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol100/iss1/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a178fe4b0c8380cd55544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobson, K.A.","contributorId":23248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020525,"text":"70020525 - 1998 - Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:23:24","indexId":"70020525","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems","docAbstract":"Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. A number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. Because the reservoir intervals are shallow and very young, they must have filled with gas rapidly. The thick (up to 17 km) Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary succession is dominated by shales, and is not disrupted by major faulting in the study area, a factor which seems to have had an important effect on both hydrocarbon generation and fluid migration. Organic-matter maturation in the deepest, most overpressured compartment has been significantly retarded as a result of the combined effects of excess pressure, the presence of large volumes of water, and the retention of generated hydrocarbons. This retardation is indicated by both kerogen-related parameters (vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval T(max)); and also by parameters based on the analysis of soluble organic matter (such as the C15+ hydrocarbon content, and the concentration of isoprenoid hydrocarbons relative to adjacent normal alkanes). In contrast to this, organic-matter maturation in shallow, normally-pressured strata in the diapiric area has been enhanced by hydrothermal fluid flow, which is clearly not topography-driven in origin. As a result, the hydrocarbon generation 'window' in the basin is considerably wider than could be expected from traditional geochemical modelling. These two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of the intense overpressuring, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids (both water and hydrocarbons) retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.Three superimposed pressure systems are present in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. To date, a number of commercial, thermogenic gas accumulations have been found in an area in which shale diapirs occur. In fact, two unusual and contrasting anomalies in organic-matter maturation have been documented. These two anomalies, together with other lines of evidence, suggest that there was a closed fluid system in the overpressured compartment until shale diapirs developed. The diapirs developed as a result of intense overpowering, and their growth was triggered by regional extensional stresses. They served as conduits through which fluids retained in the closed system could rapidly migrate. Fluid migration led to the modification of the thermal regime and the enhancement of organic maturation, as well as the accumulation of commercial volumes of gas in a relatively short time interval.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sci Surv Ltd","publisherLocation":"Beaconsfield, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Hao, F., Li, S., Dong, W., Hu, Z., and Huang, B., 1998, Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 427-444, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x.","startPage":"427","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269617,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00794.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e643e4b0c8380cd472c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hao, F.","contributorId":12649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dong, W.","contributorId":66444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, Z.","contributorId":11380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, B.","contributorId":7873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020972,"text":"70020972 - 1998 - A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:31:23","indexId":"70020972","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data","docAbstract":"While doing slug tests in high-permeability aquifers, we have consistently seen deviations from the expected response of linear theoretical models. Normalized curves do not coincide for various initial heads, as would be predicted by linear theories, and are shifted to larger times for higher initial heads. We have developed a general nonlinear model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, nonlinear frictional loss, non-Darcian flow, acceleration effects, radius changes in the well bore, and a Hvorslev model for the aquifer, which explains these data features. The model produces a very good fit for both oscillatory and nonoscillatory field data, using a single set of physical parameters to predict the field data for various initial displacements at a given well. This is in contrast to linear models which have a systematic lack of fit and indicate that hydraulic conductivity varies with the initial displacement. We recommend multiple slug tests with a considerable variation in initial head displacement to evaluate the possible presence of nonlinear effects. Our conclusion is that the nonlinear model presented here is an excellent tool to analyze slug tests, covering the range from the underdamped region to the overdamped region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02710","usgsCitation":"McElwee, C., and Zenner, M., 1998, A nonlinear model for analysis of slug-test data: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02710.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bfe4b0c8380cd468c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zenner, M.A.","contributorId":10575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020973,"text":"70020973 - 1998 - How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:32:55","indexId":"70020973","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","docAbstract":"Slug tests in fractured rock usually are interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, even though hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many orders of magnitude over the length of boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rock, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire, and interpreted using a homogeneous model. The results of the slug tests were then compared with estimates of transmissivity from fluid-injection tests conducted over shorter intervals in the same boreholes. The fluid-injection tests showed transmissivity to vary more than six orders of magnitude over the length of the boreholes; however, the sum of the transmissivities from the fluid-injection tests were within an order of magnitude of the transmissivity estimated from the slug tests. Although the two estimates of transmissivity were within an order of magnitude of each other, the water level responses during the slug tests did not exactly match the responses predicted by the homogeneous model. To investigate the effect of heterogeneity on water level responses during slug tests, a Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties that vary over the length of the borehole. A comparison of this solution with the homogeneous model shows no difference between the shape of water level responses in a homogeneous formation and a (layered) heterogeneous formation. Furthermore, the transmissivity estimated using a homogeneous model is within an order of magnitude of the prescribed transmissivity in the heterogeneous model. Thus, differences between responses predicted from a homogeneous model and measured water levels during slug tests can be attributed to phenomena such as nonradial flow in the vicinity of the borehole, and not heterogeneous hydraulic properties over the length of the borehole. The experimental results of this investigation show that even when conditions such as nonradial flow are present in the vicinity of the borehole, interpretations of slug tests using a homogeneous model provided order-of-magnitude estimates of transmissivity in the crystalline rock terrane under consideration.Slug tests in fractured rock are usually interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, although hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many order of magnitude over the length of the boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rocks, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire. Tests results were interpreted using a homogeneous model. A Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties. Finally, a comparison was made between this solution and the homogeneous model.","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publ Co","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., and Hsieh, P.A., 1998, How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324be4b0c8380cd5e6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020442,"text":"70020442 - 1998 - Ice sheet history from Antarctic Continental Margin sediments: The ANTOSTRAT approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T20:58:53.42854","indexId":"70020442","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3530,"text":"Terra Antarctica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice sheet history from Antarctic Continental Margin sediments: The ANTOSTRAT approach","docAbstract":"The Antarctic Ice Sheet is today an important part of the global climate engine, and probably has been so for most of its long existence. However, the details of its history are poorly known, despite the measurement and use, over two decades, of low-latitude proxies of ice sheet volume. An additional way of determining ice sheet history is now available, based on understanding terrigenous sediment transport and deposition under a glacial regime. It requires direct sampling of the prograded wedge of glacial sediments deposited at the Antarctic continental margin (and of derived sediments on the continental rise) at a small number of key sites, and combines the resulting data using numerical models of ice sheet development. The new phase of sampling is embodied mainly in a suite of proposals to the Ocean Drilling Program, generated by separate regional proponent groups co-ordinated through ANTOSTRAT (the Antarctic Offshore Acoustic Stratigraphy initiative). The first set of margin sites has now been drilled as ODP Leg 178 to the Antarctic Peninsula margin, and a first, short season of inshore drilling at Cape Roberts, Ross Sea, has been completed. Leg 178 and Cape Roberts drilling results are described briefly here, together with an outline of key elements of the overall strategy for determining glacial history, and of the potential contributions of drilling other Antarctic margins investigated by ANTOSTRAT. ODP Leg 178 also recovered continuous ultra-high-resolution Holocene biogenic sections at two sites within a protected, glacially-overdeepened basin (Palmer Deep) on the inner continental shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula. These and similar sites from around the Antarctic margin are a valuable resource when linked with ice cores and equivalent sections at lower latitude sites for studies of decadal and millenial-scale climate variation.","language":"English","issn":"11228628","usgsCitation":"Barker, P., Barrett, P.J., Camerlenghi, A., Cooper, A.K., Davey, F., Domack, E., Escutia, C., Kristoffersen, Y., and O’Brien, P.E., 1998, Ice sheet history from Antarctic Continental Margin sediments: The ANTOSTRAT approach: Terra Antarctica, v. 5, no. 4, p. 737-760.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"760","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37e8e4b0c8380cd61285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, P.F.","contributorId":72954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, P. J.","contributorId":96347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camerlenghi, Angelo","contributorId":7450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camerlenghi","given":"Angelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davey, F.J.","contributorId":99152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Domack, E.W.","contributorId":19626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domack","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Escutia, C.","contributorId":88514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escutia","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kristoffersen, Y.","contributorId":29986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristoffersen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1000751,"text":"1000751 - 1998 - Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:45:55","indexId":"1000751","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey","docAbstract":"Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) body burden accumulated by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Laurentian Great Lakes is from their food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both lake trout and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiency with which Lake Michigan lake trout retain PCBs from their food. Our estimates were the most reliable estimates to date because (a) the lake trout and prey fish sampled during our study were all from the same vicinity of the lake, (b) detailed measurements were made on the PCB concentrations of both lake trout and prey fish over wide ranges in fish size, and (c) lake trout diet was analyzed in detail over a wide range of lake trout size. Our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to lake trout from their prey averaged from 0.73 to 0.89 for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. There was no evidence of an upward or downward trend in our estimates of net trophic transfer efficiency for lake trout between the ages of 5 and 10 years old, and therefore this efficiency appeared to be constant over the duration of the lake trout's adult life in the lake. On the basis of our estimtes, lake trout retained 80% of the PCBs that are contained within their food.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9708326","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Hesselberg, R.J., Desorcie, T.J., Schmidt, L., Stedman, R.M., Quintal, R.T., Begnoche, L.J., and Passino-Reader, D.R., 1998, Estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 7, p. 886-891, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9708326.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"886","endPage":"891","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Larry J.","contributorId":51238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Larry J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, Richard T. rquintal@usgs.gov","contributorId":4237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"Richard","email":"rquintal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}