The Malvern TCE Superfund Site, a former solvent recycling facility that now stores and sells solvents, consists of a plant and disposal area, which are approximately 1,900 ft (feet) apart. The site is underlain by an unconfined carbonate bedrock aquifer in which permeability has been enhanced in places by solution. Water levels respond quickly to precipitation and show a similar seasonal variation, response to precipitation, and range of fluctuation. The altitude of water levels in wells at the disposal area is nearly identical because of the small hydraulic gradient. A comparison of water-table maps for 1983, 1993, and 1994 shows that the general shape of the water table and hydraulic gradients in the area have remained the same through time and for different climatic conditions.
The plant area is underlain by dolomite of the Elbrook Formation. The dolomite at the plant area does not yield as much water as the dolomite at the disposal area because it is less fractured, and wells penetrate few water-bearing fractures. Yields of nine wells at the plant area range from 1 to 200 gal/min (gallons per minute); the median yield is 6 gal/min. Specific capacities range from 0.08 to 2 (gal/min)/ft (gallons per minute per foot). Aquifer tests were conducted in two wells; median transmissivities estimated from the aquifer-test data ranged from 528 to 839 feet squared per day. Maximum concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground water at the plant area in 1996 were 53,900 ug/L (micrograms per liter) for trichloroethylene (TCE), 7,110 ug/L for tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and 17,700 ug/L for 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA).
A ground-water divide is located between the plant area and the disposal area. Ground-water withdrawal for dewatering the Catanach quarry has caused a cone of depression in the water-table surface that reaches to the plant area. From the plant area, ground water flows 1.2 miles to the northeast and discharges to the Catanach quarry. The regional hydraulic gradient between the plant and the Catanach quarry is 0.019. Concentrations of VOC's in water from wells drilled northeast and donwgradient of the plant property boundary are one to two orders of magnitude less than concentrations in water from wells less than 100 ft away at the plant.
A capture-zone analysis was performed for two wells at the plant area. The analysis showed that pumping well CC-19 at 20 gal/min would be sufficient to capture all ground-water flow from the plant area. Although water from other wells at the plant site contains higher concentrations of VOC's than water from well CC-19, pumping well CC-19 would induce the flow of water with higher concentrations of VOC's; however, pumping well CC-19 might causes VOC's to move lower into the aquifer.
The disposal area is underlain by the Ledger Dolomite. The dolomite at the disposal area is much more fractured than the dolomite at the plant area. Although many of the fractures are filled or partially filled with clay, the dolomite at the disposal area yields more water than the dolomite at the plant area. Yields of eight wells at the disposal area range from 15 to more than 200 gal/min; the median yield is greater than 100 gal/min. Specific capacities range from 2 to 280 (gal/min)/ft. Aquifer tests were conducted in two wells; estimated transimissivities were 34,900 and 56,300 feet squared per day. Concentrations of VOC's in ground water are lower at the disposal area than at the plant area. Water samples collected from wells at the disposal area in 1996 had maximum concentrations of TCE of 768 ug/L, PCE of 111 ug/L, and TCA of 108 ug/L. These concentrations are lower than concentrations in water samples collected before cleanup of drums in the disposal area was completed in 1984.
Ground water from the disposal area flows south-southeast toward Valley Creek. The hydraulic gradient between the disposal area and Valley Creek is 0.001. A well-defined plume of VOC’s in ground water extends downgradient from the disposal area toward Valley Creek. A comparison of data from 1995 to 1996 with data from 1981 to 1984 shows that concentrations of TCE, PCE, and TCA in water from most off-site wells have decreased and that water from fewer wells contains detectable concentrations of those compounds.
A capture-zone analysis was performed for three wells at the disposal area. The analysis showed that pumping wells CC-16, CC-17, and CC-18 at a combined rate of 270 gal/min would form a capture zone ranging from approximately 443 to 477 ft wide at a distance 500 ft upgradient from the center of the pumping wells. Pumping wells CC-16 and CC-17 together at a combined rate of 172 gal/min would form a capture zone ranging from approximately 172 to 400 ft wide at a distance 500 ft upgradient from the center of the pumping wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., 1997, Hydrogeologic investigation of the Malvern TCE Superfund Site, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4286, Report: xiv, 124 p.; 1 Plate: 15.81 x 22.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964286.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 124 p.; 1 Plate: 15.81 x 22.82 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415723,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48610.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4286/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4286/wri19964286.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4286"},{"id":119626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4286/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","otherGeospatial":"Malvern TCE Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.0778\n ],\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.0458\n ],\n [\n -75.525,\n 40.0458\n ],\n [\n -75.525,\n 40.0778\n ],\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.0778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
This paper reports on preliminary results of a project to develop a comprehensive data base of chemical and environmental information on sediments from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, and surrounding water bodies. The goal is to evaluate all data for reliability and comparability, and to make it widely accessible and useful to all users. Methods for processing heterogeneous, historical data follow previous methods employed in the Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay area.
\nData from 11 different data sets, encompassing about 900 total samples, have been entered to date. Questionable or anomalous data were noted in a minority of cases. Problems tend to follow distinct patterns and are relatively easy to identify. Hence, comparability of data has not proven to be the major obstacle to synthesis efforts that was anticipated in earlier years (NRC, 1989).
\nQuality-controlled data sets show that the bulk of sediment samples in the more central parts of Lake Pontchartrain have values within normal background for heavy metals like Cu, Pb, and Zn. The same or lower concentrations were found in the vicinity of the Bonnet Carre Spillway, representing influx from the Mississippi River. Mean concentrations for Cu, Pb, and Zn were 17, 21, and 74 µg/g (total dissolution analyses), respectively.
\nHowever, values as high as 267 µg/g Pb and comparable increases for other metal and organic contaminants are found in sediments within 2 km of the coastal strip of New Orleans. Additional sampling in such areas and in other inland coastal waterways is needed, since such levels are above the threshold for potential toxic effects on benthic organisms, according to effects-based screening criteria.
\nThe most contaminated sites, Bayou Trepagnier and Bayou Bonfouca, involve industrial areas where waste discharge has now been controlled or remediated, but where sediments may retain large concentrations of contaminants, e.g. tenths of a percent of Pb, Cr, and Zn or more for Bayou Trepagnier.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F.T., Flowers, G.C., McIntire, A.G., Marot, M., and Holmes, C., 1997, Environmental geochemistry and sediment quality in Lake Pontchartrain: database development and review: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 47, p. 337-349.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295526,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/047/047001/0337.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ponchatrain","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775ade4b0f888a81b8312","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T.","contributorId":26991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flowers, George C.","contributorId":66618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flowers","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntire, Andrew G.","contributorId":41765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntire","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marot, Marcie","contributorId":88293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marcie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, Charles","contributorId":34846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209167,"text":"70209167 - 1997 - One minute after: Strong-motion map, effective epicenter, and effective magnitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:30:29.811964","indexId":"70209167","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-20T07:53:09","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One minute after: Strong-motion map, effective epicenter, and effective magnitude","docAbstract":"This article reports the recent progress on real-time seismic monitoring in Taiwan, particularly the real-time strong-motion monitoring by the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau's telemetered seismic network (CWBSN), which is presently aiming at rapid reporting immediately after a large earthquake occurrence. If rapid reporting can be achieved before the arrival of the strong shaking, earthquake early warning will become possible. CWBSN has achieved the generation of the intensity map, epicenter, and magnitude within 1 min of the occurrence of a large earthquake. Both rapid reporting and early warning are principally applied to large (M ≫ 5) events; the requirement of on-scale waveform recording prompted CWBSN in 1995 to integrate strong-motion sensors (e.g., force-balance accelerometers) into its telemetered seismic monitoring system. Time-domain recursive processing is applied to the multi-channel incoming seismic signals by a group of networked personal computers to generate the intensity map. From the isoseismal contours, an effective epicenter is immediately identified that resides in the middle of the largest (usually the 100-gal) contour curve of the intensity map. An effective magnitude is also defined that can be derived immediately from the surface area covered by the largest (usually the 100-gal) contour curve. For a large event with a finite rupture surface, the epicenter and magnitude so derived are more adequate estimates of the source location and of the strength of destruction. The effective epicenter gives the center of the damage area; it stands in contrast with the conventional epicenter location, which only gives the initial point of rupture nucleation. The effective magnitude reflects more closely the earthquake damage potential, instead of the classical magnitude definition that emphasizes the total energy release. The CWBSN has achieved in obtaining the above crucial source information well within 1 min. This time can further be reduced to better than 30 sec, as illustrated by the example in this article, showing that earthquake early warning is indeed an achievable goal. The rapid reporting and early warning information is electronically transmitted to users to allow rapid response actions, with or without further human intervention.
Ninety-four blood samples were collected from 48 (29 males and 19 females) free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) captured in southern Florida (USA) from 1983 to 1994 for routine hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Florida panthers in the northern portion of their range had significantly higher red blood cell (mean ± SD = 7.923 × 106 ± 0.854 × 106/μl), hemoglobin (12.53 ± 1.66 g/dl), and packed cell volume (36.97 ± 4.27%) values compared to those of panthers localized in more southern parts of Florida (7.148 × 106 ± 1.045 × 106/μl, 11.60 ± 1.62 g/dl, and 34.82 ± 5.99%, respectively). Adults had significantly higher mean serum total protein (7.50 ± 0.59 g/dl) and packed cell volume (36.90 ± 4.97%) values than juveniles (6.88 ± 0.49 g/dl and 34.54 ± 5.30%). However, mean serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (3.80 ± 0.26 g/dl) when compared to adult values (3.58 ± 0.26 g/dl). Mean serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (10.33 ± 0.39 mg/dl) than in adults (9.66 ± 0.45 mg/dl). Additionally, mean serum iron concentrations were significantly higher in those panthers of intergrade genetic stock compared to values in those of authentic genetic stock (105.6 ± 72.1 μg/dl versus 59.3 ± 19.7 μg/dl, respectively).
Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models were constructed and assessed as part of a water-quality study of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) and was coordinated with the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study of the Willamette River. Routing models are needed to estimate streamflow so that water-quality constituent loads can be calculated from measured concentrations and so that sources, sinks, and downstream changes in those loads can be identified. Runoff models are needed to estimate ungaged-tributary inflows for routing models and to identify flow contributions from different parts of the basin. The runoff and routing models can be run either separately or together to simulate streamflow at various locations and to examine streamflow contributions from overland flow, shallow-subsurface flow, and ground-water flow.
\nThe 11,500-square-mile Willamette River Basin was partitioned into 21 major basins and 253 subbasins. For each subbasin, digital data layers of land use, soils, geology, and topography were combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to define hydrologic response units (HRU's), the basic computational unit for the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). Spatial data layers were also used to calculate noncalibrated PRMS parameter values. Other PRMS parameter values were obtained from 10 nearby calibrated subbasins of representative location and character.
\nAbout 760 miles of the Willamette River system were partitioned into 4 main-stem networks and 17 major tributary networks for streamflow routing. Data from time-of-travel studies, discharge measurements, and flood analyses were used to develop equations that related stream cross-sectional area to discharge and stream width to discharge. These relations were derived for all 21 stream networks at approximately 3-mile intervals and used in the Diffusion Analogy Flow model (DAFLOW) in streamflow routing.
\nTen representative runoff models and 11 network-routing models were calibrated for water years 1972-75 and verified for water years 1976-78. These were the periods with the most complete and widespread streamflow record for the Willamette River Basin. Observed and estimated daily precipitation and daily minimum and maximum air temperature were used as input to the runoff models. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2) for the representative runoff models ranged from 0.69 to 0.93 for the calibration period and from 0.63 to 0.92 for the verification period; absolute errors ranged from 18 to 39 percent and from 27 to 51 percent, respectively. Bias error for the runoff modeling ranged from + 13 to -32 percent. Observed daily streamflow data were used as input to the network-routing models where available, and simulated streamflows from runoff model results were used for ungaged areas. Absolute error for the network-routing models ranged from about 21 percent for the Molalla River model, for which 70 percent of the subbasin was ungaged, to about 4 percent for the Willamette main-stem model (Albany to Salem), for which only 9 percent of the subbasin was ungaged.
\nWith an input of current streamflow, precipitation, and air temperature data the combined runoff and routing models can provide current estimates of streamflow at almost 500 locations on the main stem and major tributaries of the Willamette River with a high degree of accuracy. Relative contributions of surface runoff, subsurface flow, and ground-water flow can be assessed for 1 to 10 HRU classes in each of 253 subbasins identified for precipitation-runoff modeling. Model outputs were used with a water-quality model to simulate the movement of dye in the Pudding River as an example
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Risley, J.C., 1997, Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4284, vii, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954284.","productDescription":"vii, 197 p.","numberOfPages":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":159174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29981,"text":"wri964132 - 1997 - Development of a data base of community water-supply wells in New Jersey and a method of evaluate their sensitivity to contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri964132","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4132","title":"Development of a data base of community water-supply wells in New Jersey and a method of evaluate their sensitivity to contamination","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964132","usgsCitation":"Storck, D.A., Isaacs, K., and Vowinkel, E., 1997, Development of a data base of community water-supply wells in New Jersey and a method of evaluate their sensitivity to contamination: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4132, vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964132.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58789,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666f6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storck, D. A.","contributorId":59468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaacs, K.N.","contributorId":77193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vowinkel, E. F.","contributorId":90737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30018,"text":"wri964038D - 1997 - Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T15:03:59","indexId":"wri964038D","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4038","chapter":"D","title":"Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fish communities were surveyed at 20 stream sites in agricultural areas in eastern Wisconsin in 1993 and 1995 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These streams, designated \"benchmark streams,\" were selected for study because of their potential use as regional references for healthy streams in agricultural areas, based on aquatic communities, habitat, and water chemistry. The agricultural benchmark streams were selected from four physical settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHU's), that differ in bedrock type, texture of surficial deposits, and land use. Additional data were collected along with the fish-community data, including measures of habitat, water chemistry, and population surveys of algae and benthic invertebrates. Of the 20 sites, 19 are classified as trout (salmonid) streams. Fish species that require cold or cool water were the most commonly collected. At least one species of trout was collected at 18 sites, and trout were the most abundant species at 13 sites. The species with the greatest collective abundance, and collected at 18 of the 20 sites, were mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), a coldwater species. The next most abundant species were brown trout (Salmo trutta), followed by brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). In all, 31 species of fish were collected. The number of species per stream ranged from 2 to 14, and the number of individuals collected ranged from 19 to 264. According to Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores, 5 sites were rated excellent, 10 sites rated good, 4 rated fair, and 1 rated poor. The ratings of the five sites in the fair to poor range were low for various reasons. Two sites appeared to have more warmwater species than was ideal for a high-quality coldwater stream. One was sampled during high flow and the results may not be valid for periods of normal flow; the other may have been populated by migrating warmwater species. Two sites had insufficient deep-water habitat to support large numbers offish, especially top carnivores. Finally, one stream may be too cool to support enough warmwater species and too warm to support trout. In general, two methods of evaluating site habitat indicate that habitat is not a limiting factor for fish communities. However, two sites were rated as fair according to both habitat evaluation methods due to low base flow. Two sites rated below good according to one habitat evaluation method but rated good or excellent according to the other. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of data for 17 sites showed three station groupings. These groupings fell along RHU divisions and each group was associated with one of three trout species. A species-richness gradient was evident on the station-ordination diagram. Intolerant species were associated with each grouping, a reflection of the generally high water quality at the sites. However, no significant differences were found between IBI scores or habitat indices among the site groupings. The DCA axis 1 and 2 scores correlated with average velocity and percent pool as well as RHU factors percent sandy surficial deposits, percent wetland, percent agriculture, and bedrock. Average velocity was highest at three sites which also had among the highest measured flow and largest drainage areas. Percent pool was generally lower at sites with smaller percentages of sandy surficial deposits, with one exception. The usefulness of ordination methods in conjunction with more traditional methods of defining biotic integrity (IB I) has been noted in previous studies. In this study, however, perhaps because of the relative homogeneity of the benchmark streams, the IBI did not correlate with the same kinds of factors as the DCA axis scores did.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964038D","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., and Peterson, E.M., 1997, Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4038, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964038D.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Western Lake Michigan Drainages","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, E. M.","contributorId":70805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26903,"text":"wri964203 - 1997 - Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:43:51","indexId":"wri964203","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4203","title":"Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","docAbstract":"Stream-temperature measurements for 198 periodic and 22 daily record stations were analyzed using a harmonic curve-fitting procedure. Statistics of data from 78 selected stations were used to compute a statewide stream-temperature harmonic equation, derived using latitude, drainage area, and altitude for natural streams having drainage areas greater than about 40 square miles. Based on the 1955-84 reference period, the equation may be used to compute long-term natural harmonic stream-temperature coefficients to within an on average of about 0.4? C. \r\n\r\nBasin-by-basin summaries of observed long-term stream-temperature characteristics are included for selected stations and river reaches, particularly along Georgia's mainstem streams. Changes in the stream- temperature regimen caused by the effects of development, principally impoundments and thermal power plants, are shown by comparing harmonic curves and coefficients from the estimated natural values to the observed modified-condition values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964203","usgsCitation":"Dyar, T., and Alhadeff, S.J., 1997, Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4203, xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964203.","productDescription":"xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir96-4203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,30 ], [ -87,38 ], [ -80,38 ], [ -80,30 ], [ -87,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyar, T.R.","contributorId":81528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyar","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alhadeff, S. Jack","contributorId":77561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alhadeff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40717,"text":"ofr94229A - 1997 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles, Vermont, and explanation of the bedrock geology database in the Vermont Geographic Information System, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T22:10:14.109316","indexId":"ofr94229A","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-229","chapter":"A","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles, Vermont, and explanation of the bedrock geology database in the Vermont Geographic Information System, 1994","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94229A","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Ratcliffe, N.M., Dudley, J.B., and Merrifield, T., 1997, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles, Vermont, and explanation of the bedrock geology database in the Vermont Geographic Information System, 1994 (Revision - 1997): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-229, 3 Plates: 62.92 x 33.45 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94229A.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 62.92 x 33.45 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108221,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12480.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12480"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.625,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.625,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revision - 1997","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":223846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, John B.","contributorId":21175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrifield, Thomas","contributorId":42982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrifield","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4892,"text":"ds42 - 1997 - Gravity data of Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ds42","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Gravity data of Nevada","docAbstract":"Gravity data for the entire state of Nevada and adjacent parts of California, Utah, and Arizona are available on this CD-ROM. About 80,000 gravity stations were compiled primarily from the National Geophysical Data Center and the U.S. Geological Survey. Gravity data was reduced to the Geodetic Reference System of 1967 and adjusted to the Gravity Standardization Net 1971 gravity datum. Data were processed to complete Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies by applying standard gravity corrections including terrain and isostatic corrections. Selected principal fact references and a list of sources for data from the National Geophysical Data Center are included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds42","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607866365","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., 1997, Gravity data of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 42, 28 p., 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds42.","productDescription":"28 p., 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-42/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,35 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114.03416666666666,42 ], [ -114.03416666666666,35 ], [ -120,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67214c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4883,"text":"ds33 - 1997 - 3-D reservoir characterization of the House Creek oil field, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:21:06","indexId":"ds33","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"33","title":"3-D reservoir characterization of the House Creek oil field, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM is intended to serve a broad audience. An important purpose is to explain geologic and geochemical factors that control petroleum production from the House Creek Field. This information may serve as an analog for other marine-ridge sandstone reservoirs. The 3-D slide and movie images are tied to explanations and 2-D geologic and geochemical images to visualize geologic structures in three dimensions, explain the geologic significance of porosity/permeability distribution across the sandstone bodies, and tie this to petroleum production characteristics in the oil field. Movies, text, images including scanning electron photomicrographs (SEM), thin-section photomicrographs, and data files can be copied from the CD-ROM for use in external mapping, statistical, and other applications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds33","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607882778","usgsCitation":"Higley, D.K., Pantea, M.P., and Slatt, R.M., 1997, 3-D reservoir characterization of the House Creek oil field, Powder River Basin, Wyoming (V1.00.): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 33, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds33.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":620,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-033/USGS_3D/homepage.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.66777777777779,43.68444444444444 ], [ -105.66777777777779,43.83416666666667 ], [ -105.41805555555555,43.83416666666667 ], [ -105.41805555555555,43.68444444444444 ], [ -105.66777777777779,43.68444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"V1.00.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd492ce4b0b290850eef10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slatt, Roger M.","contributorId":10033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slatt","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5616,"text":"fs13797 - 1997 - Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:39:17","indexId":"fs13797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137-97","title":"Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an effort to examine interactions between the global carbon cycle and human-induced changes to the land surface, such as farming and urbanization. Investigations in the Mississippi River basin will provide the data needed for calculating the global significance of land-use changes on land-based carbon cycling. These data are essential for predicting and mitigating the effects of global environmental change.
The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project is focused on the third largest river system in the world. The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain more than 40% of the conterminous United States. The basin includes areas that typify vast regions of the Earth's surface that have undergone human development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13797","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Bliss, N.B., Stallard, R.F., and Sundquist, E.T., 1997, Can the global carbon budget be balanced? (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 137-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs137-97/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sundquist, Eric T. 0000-0002-1449-8802 esundqui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-8802","contributorId":1922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","email":"esundqui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4939,"text":"fs11797 - 1997 - Great and Little Miami River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:41:01","indexId":"fs11797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117-97","displayTitle":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","title":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","docAbstract":"Implementation of a National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study in the The Great and Little Miami River Basins area will increase scientific understanding of natural processes and human activities that affect the quality of water in streams and aquifers. This information will benefit water-resource managers that need, but often lack, the data required to implement effective water-quality management actions and evaluate long-term changes in water quality.
Water quality has improved significantly in the Great and Little Miami River Basins over the past few decades because of improvements in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. However, the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the quality of rivers and ground-water resources remain a priority concern of water-resource managers and planners, state and local governments, and citizen groups. Some of these effects relate to nonpoint sources of contaminants and are the subject of ongoing research and watershed management projects such as the Lower Great Miami Watershed Enhancement Program, the Little Miami Partnership, the Stillwater Watershed Project, Indian Lake Watershed Project, and the Miami Conservancy District's Groundwater 2000 Program. Water resource managers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins area are currently addressing the following water-quality issues:
Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
64640 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Urban mapping research has demonstrated that historic maps can be integrated with remotely sensed data and related geographic information to successfully detect changing urban land characteristics for large metropolitan areas. Effective and efficient temporal mapping requires that procedures be defined for selecting the temporal range and geographic extent of a study area. Procedures were developed using the Chicago-Milwaukee and Portland-Vancouver metropolitan areas as examples.
Establishing the proper temporal scale requires that one capture the time periods that are critical to characterize the growth experienced in an area. Several factors, including population peaks, significant historical events, and data availability, should be considered together before determining the temporal range and increments for a study.
The geographic extent must not only encompass the areas of significant change but also the landscape that is most threatened by future human impacts. Several factors to consider when defining the geographic limits of a study include growth patterns, development trends, local environmental issues and concerns, data needs of local organizations, and the practical constraints of schedules and resource requirements to map the area defined.
The appropriate selection of temporal and geographic limits is essential to insure efficient mapping and relevance of the database for future studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference, Toronto, Canada, 19–23 July 1997, Paper and Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"July 19-23, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Urban and Regional Information Systems Association","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, J.T., and Acevedo, W., 1997, Defining the temporal and geographic limits for an urban mapping study, in Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference, Toronto, Canada, 19–23 July 1997, Paper and Abstracts, Toronto, Canada, July 19-23, 1997.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/urban/umap/pubs/urisa_jtb.php.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Janis Taylor","contributorId":80350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Janis","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203533,"text":"70203533 - 1997 - A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T15:01:29","indexId":"70203533","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T08:53:25","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation","docAbstract":"A computer program written in SAS ® code for the Box–Cox family of power transformations is presented. The purpose of the program is to suggest a power transformation for the positive continuous response variables in only regression and ANOVA models. A brief overview of data transformation in regression and analysis of variance is given.An example using real data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‘s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program/Estuaries (EMAP-E) illustrates the use of the program.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005798521296","usgsCitation":"Malaeb, Z.A., 1997, A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 3, p. 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005798521296.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malaeb, Ziad A.","contributorId":215704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malaeb","given":"Ziad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185299,"text":"70185299 - 1997 - A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T11:27:17","indexId":"70185299","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data","docAbstract":"In 1988, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, along withthe University of Iowa, conducted the Statewide Rural WellWater Survey, commonly known as SWRL. A total of 686private rural drinking water wells was selected by use of aprobability sample and tested for pesticides and nitrate. A subsetof these wells, the 10% repeat wells, were additionally sampledin October, 1990 and June, 1991. Starting in November, 1991,the University of Iowa, with sponsorship from the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, revisited the 10% repeat wellsto begin a study of the temporal variability of atrazine and nitratein wells. Other wells, which had originally tested positive foratrazine in SWRL but were not in the 10% population, wereadded to the study population. Temporal sampling for a year-long period began in February of 1992 and concluded in Januaryof 1993. All wells were sampled monthly, a subset was sampledweekly, and a second subset was sampled for 14 day consecutiveperiods. Of the 67 wells in the 10% population tested monthly,7 (10.4%) tested positive for atrazine at least once during theyear, and 3 (4%) were positive each of the 12 months. Theaverage concentration in the 7 wells was 0.10 µg/L. Fornitrate, 15 (22%) wells in the 10% repeat population monthlysampling were above the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L at least once. This paper, the second of two papers on thisstudy, describes the analysis of data from the survey. The firstpaper (Lorber et al., 1997) reviews the study design, theanalytical methodologies, and development of the data base.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1005704920640","usgsCitation":"Pinsky, P., Lorber, M., Johnson, K., Kross, B., Burmeister, L., Wilkins, A., and Hallberg, G., 1997, A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 2, p. 197-221, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005704920640.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"197","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinsky, Paul","contributorId":189527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinsky","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorber, Matthew","contributorId":189528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorber","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kent","contributorId":189529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kross, Burton","contributorId":189530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kross","given":"Burton","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burmeister, Leon","contributorId":189531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burmeister","given":"Leon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilkins, Amina","contributorId":189532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkins","given":"Amina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hallberg, George","contributorId":16269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}