This extended abstract is based on the U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Reports by Crow et al. (2013) and Banta and Ockerman (2014). Suspended sediment in rivers and streams can play an important role in ecological health of rivers and estuaries and consequently is an important issue for water-resource managers. The quantity and type of suspended sediment can affect the biological communities (Wood and Armitage, 1997), the concentration and movement of natural constituents and anthropogenic contaminants (Moran and others, 2012), and the amount of sediment deposition in coastal environments (Milliman and Meade, 1983). To better understand suspended-sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and Texas Water Development Board, conducted a two-phase study to (1) collect and analyze sediment data to characterize sediment conditions in the San Antonio River downstream of San Antonio, Texas, and (2) develop and calibrate a watershed model to simulate hydrologic conditions and suspended-sediment loads for four watersheds in the San Antonio River Basin, downstream from San Antonio, Texas.
","conferenceTitle":"SedHydro 2015","conferenceDate":"19-23 April 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"SedHydro Conference","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., Ockerman, D.J., Crow, C., and Opsahl, S.P., 2015, Characterizing and simulating sediment loads and transport in the lower part of the San Antonio River Basin, SedHydro 2015, Reno, Nevada, 19-23 April 2015, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062689","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.82525634765625,\n 28.47110572883182\n ],\n [\n -97.12326049804688,\n 28.64359439042694\n ],\n [\n -97.8826904296875,\n 29.165353121242656\n ],\n [\n -98.06259155273438,\n 29.26124274448168\n ],\n [\n -98.2012939453125,\n 29.099376992628493\n ],\n [\n -98.19717407226562,\n 28.841064894531943\n ],\n [\n -97.70690917968749,\n 28.674925574564284\n ],\n [\n -97.10128784179688,\n 28.426429818183024\n ],\n [\n -96.84997558593749,\n 28.411936281507902\n ],\n [\n -96.82388305664062,\n 28.456618312416825\n ],\n [\n -96.84173583984374,\n 28.480762902990307\n ],\n [\n -96.82525634765625,\n 28.47110572883182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eafe4b093cee780a27e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":4723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Cassi","contributorId":149426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138817,"text":"70138817 - 2015 - Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T16:52:09","indexId":"70138817","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011","docAbstract":"Dam construction, flow diversion, and legacy landuse effects reduced the transport capacity, sediment supply, channel complexity and floodplain-connectivity along the Trinity River, CA below Lewiston Dam. This study documents the geomorphic evolution of the Trinity River Restoration Program’s intensively managed 65-km long restoration reach from 1980 to 2011. The nature and extent of riparian and channel changes were assessed using a series of geomorphic feature maps constructed from ortho-rectified photography acquired at low flow conditions in 1980, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2009, and 2011. Since 1980 there has been a general conversion of riparian to channel features and expansion of the active channel area. The primary mechanism for expansion of the active channel was bank erosion from 1980 to 1997 and channel widening was well distributed longitudinally throughout the study reach. Subsequent net bar accretion from 1997 to 2001, followed by slightly higher net bar scour from 2001 to 2006, occurred primarily in the central and lower reaches of the study area. In comparison, post-2006 bank and bar changes were spatially-limited to reaches with sufficient local transport capacity or sediment supply supported by gravel augmentation, mechanical channel rehabilitation, and tributary contributions to flow and sediment supply. A series of tributary floods in 1997, 1998 and 2006 were the primary factors leading to documented increases in channel complexity and floodplain connectivity. During the post-2006 period managed flow releases, in the absence of large magnitude tributary flooding, combined with gravel augmentation and mechanical restoration caused localized increases in sediment supply and transport capacity leading to smaller but measurable increases in channel complexity and floodplain connectivity primarily in the upper river below Lewiston Dam.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., 2015, Estimating changes in riparian and channel features along the Trinity River downstream of Lewiston Dam, California, 1980 to 2011, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057841","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.80792236328125,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -122.79899597167967,\n 40.7030252595921\n ],\n [\n -122.85118103027344,\n 40.68896903762434\n ],\n [\n -122.88688659667969,\n 40.65980593837855\n ],\n [\n -122.93838500976561,\n 40.639488387988365\n ],\n [\n -122.97409057617188,\n 40.65095033081072\n ],\n [\n -123.02215576171875,\n 40.6629311662891\n ],\n [\n -123.05580139160156,\n 40.69573721839922\n ],\n [\n -123.07296752929688,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -123.0805206298828,\n 40.747777160820704\n ],\n [\n -123.1409454345703,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -123.19725036621094,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -123.21510314941406,\n 40.72852712420599\n ],\n [\n -123.25218200683592,\n 40.73112880602221\n ],\n [\n -123.24531555175781,\n 40.74465591168391\n ],\n [\n -123.17047119140624,\n 40.75766014997032\n ],\n [\n -123.13133239746094,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -123.04824829101561,\n 40.753499070431374\n ],\n [\n -123.03451538085939,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -123.02558898925781,\n 40.7030252595921\n ],\n [\n -123.01185607910156,\n 40.6827208759455\n ],\n [\n -122.98988342285156,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.96928405761717,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -122.93907165527342,\n 40.658764163202925\n ],\n [\n -122.91778564453125,\n 40.676992879826386\n ],\n [\n -122.90748596191405,\n 40.68792771802359\n ],\n [\n -122.86697387695312,\n 40.70094304347228\n ],\n [\n -122.85186767578125,\n 40.71083299030839\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 40.72124187397379\n ],\n [\n -122.82852172851561,\n 40.72540497175605\n ],\n [\n -122.81410217285155,\n 40.724884598773755\n ],\n [\n -122.80792236328125,\n 40.724884598773755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433be4b048076347eec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70139643,"text":"70139643 - 2015 - Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T17:37:36","indexId":"70139643","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network","docAbstract":"The confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, CA, forms a large network of interconnected channels, referred to as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). The Delta comprises the transition zone from the fluvial influences of the upstream rivers and tidal influences of San Francisco Bay downstream. Formerly an extensive tidal marsh, the hydrodynamics and geomorphology of Delta have been substantially modified by humans to support agriculture, navigation, and water supply. These modifications, including construction of new channels, diking and draining of tidal wetlands, dredging of navigation channels, and the operation of large pumping facilities for distribution of freshwater from the Delta to other parts of the state, have had a dramatic impact on the physical and ecological processes within the Delta. To better understand the current physical processes, and their linkages to ecological processes, the USGS maintains an extensive network of flow, sediment, and water quality gages in the Delta. Flow gaging is accomplished through use of the index-velocity method, and sediment monitoring uses turbidity as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration. Herein, we present analyses of the transport and dispersal of suspended sediment through the complex network of channels in the Delta. The primary source of sediment to the Delta is the Sacramento River, which delivers pulses of sediment primarily during winter and spring runoff events. Upon reaching the Delta, the sediment pulses move through the fluvial-tidal transition while also encountering numerous channel junctions as the Sacramento River branches into several distributary channels. The monitoring network allows us to track these pulses through the network and document the dominant transport pathways for suspended sediment. Further, the flow gaging allows for an assessment of the relative effects of advection (the fluvial signal) and dispersion (from the tides) on the sediment pulses as they move through the system. Herein, we present analyses of the “first flush” sediment pulse that occurred on the Sacramento River in December 2012, documenting the transport pathways as well as the effects of advection and dispersion on the sediment as it moved through the fluvial-tidal transition in the Delta. The analyses identified an important transport pathway through the interior of the Delta toward the large pumping facilities in the south Delta, which has important implications for native fish (because their movements are triggered by sediment/turbidity). The results also reveal the dramatic transition from fluvial-dominated transport (advection) to tidal-dominated transport (dispersion) as the sediment pulse approaches the estuary.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., and Morgan-King, T.L., 2015, Suspended sediment transport trough a large fluvial-tidal channel network, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061555","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2015/openconf/modules/request.php?module=oc_program&action=summary.php&id=173"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 37.85316995894978\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 37.85316995894978\n ],\n [\n -121.47033691406249,\n 38.31149091244452\n ],\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 38.31149091244452\n ],\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 37.85316995894978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5641d1c3e4b0831b7d62e74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan-King, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232 tamorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan-King","given":"Tara","email":"tamorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143970,"text":"70143970 - 2015 - Evaluation and application of regional turbidity-sediment regression models in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-20T14:56:49","indexId":"70143970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation and application of regional turbidity-sediment regression models in Virginia","docAbstract":"Conventional thinking has long held that turbidity-sediment surrogate-regression equations are site specific and that regression equations developed at a single monitoring station should not be applied to another station; however, few studies have evaluated this issue in a rigorous manner. If robust regional turbidity-sediment models can be developed successfully, their applications could greatly expand the usage of these methods. Suspended sediment load estimation could occur as soon as flow and turbidity monitoring commence at a site, suspended sediment sampling frequencies for various projects potentially could be reduced, and special-project applications (sediment monitoring following dam removal, for example) could be significantly enhanced. The objective of this effort was to investigate the turbidity-suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relations at all available USGS monitoring sites within Virginia to determine whether meaningful turbidity-sediment regression models can be developed by combining the data from multiple monitoring stations into a single model, known as a “regional” model. Following the development of the regional model, additional objectives included a comparison of predicted SSCs between the regional model and commonly used site-specific models, as well as an evaluation of why specific monitoring stations did not fit the regional model.
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Fluvial-Aeolian-hillslope continuum on the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Processes contributing to development of ephemeral gully channels are of great importance to landscapes worldwide, and particularly in dryland regions where soil loss and land degradation from gully erosion pose long-term, land-management problems. Whereas gully formation has been relatively well studied, much less is known of the processes that anneal gullies and impede their growth. This work investigates gully annealing by aeolian sediment, along the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona, USA (Figure 1). In this segment of the Colorado River, gully erosion potentially affects the stability and preservation of archaeological sites that are located within valley margins. Gully erosion occurs as a function of ephemeral, rainfall-induced overland flow associated with intense episodes of seasonal precipitation. Measurements of sediment transport and topographic change have demonstrated that fluvial sand in some locations is transported inland and upslope by aeolian processes to areas affected by gully erosion, and aeolian sediment activity can be locally effective at counteracting gully erosion (Draut, 2012; Collins and others, 2009, 2012; Sankey and Draut, 2014). The degree to which specific locations are affected by upslope wind redistribution of sand from active channel sandbars to higher elevation valley margins is termed “connectivity”. Connectivity is controlled spatially throughout the river by (1) the presence of upwind sources of fluvial sand within the contemporary active river channel (e.g., sandbars), and (2) bio-physical barriers that include vegetation and topography that might impede aeolian sediment transport. The primary hypothesis of this work is that high degrees of connectivity lead to less gullying potential.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J.B., East, A., Collins, B.D., and Caster, J.J., 2015, Gully annealing by fluvially-sourced Aeolian sand: remote sensing investigations of connectivity along the Fluvial-Aeolian-hillslope continuum on the Colorado River, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061072","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300915,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/Proceedings.pdf"},{"id":311624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado river; Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5167236328125,\n 36.97183825093165\n ],\n [\n -111.63208007812499,\n 36.848856608486905\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 36.58906837139909\n ],\n [\n -111.9232177734375,\n 36.39033486213652\n ],\n [\n -111.983642578125,\n 36.22211876039103\n ],\n [\n -112.45056152343749,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -112.752685546875,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -113.12072753906249,\n 36.266421331439375\n ],\n [\n -113.3953857421875,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -113.54919433593749,\n 35.93354064249312\n ],\n [\n -113.9886474609375,\n 36.25313319699069\n ],\n [\n -114.1534423828125,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -114.0545654296875,\n 36.00911716117325\n ],\n [\n -113.8128662109375,\n 35.95577654056531\n ],\n [\n -113.5382080078125,\n 35.831174956246535\n ],\n [\n -112.9779052734375,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -112.5054931640625,\n 36.266421331439375\n ],\n [\n -112.00561523437499,\n 35.97356075349624\n ],\n [\n -111.7144775390625,\n 36.14231087352999\n ],\n [\n -111.63208007812499,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -111.4178466796875,\n 36.94550173495345\n ],\n [\n -111.5167236328125,\n 36.97183825093165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524ee4b0f162148c5d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":140988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Brian D. bcollins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Brian","email":"bcollins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caster, Joshua J. 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":131114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148361,"text":"70148361 - 2015 - Geomorphic change in the Limitrophe reach of the Colorado River in response to the 2014 delta pulse flow, United States and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T13:12:40","indexId":"70148361","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphic change in the Limitrophe reach of the Colorado River in response to the 2014 delta pulse flow, United States and Mexico","docAbstract":"A pulse of water was released from Morelos Dam into the dry streambed of the Colorado River in its former delta on March 23, 2014. Although small in relation to delta floods of a century ago, this was the first flow to reach the sea in nearly two decades. The pulse flow was significant in that it resulted from an international agreement, Minute 319, which allowed Colorado River water to be used for environmental restoration. Here we present a historical perspective of channel change and the results of geomorphic and sediment transport monitoring during the pulse flow between Yuma, Arizona and San Luis Rio Colorado, Sonora. This reach is known as the Limitrophe, because the river channel is the legal border between the United States and Mexico. Peak discharge of the pulse flow was 120 m3/s at Morelos Dam, but decreased to 71 m3/s at the southern border because of infiltration losses to the dry streambed. In contrast, flood flows in the 1980s and 1990s peaked above 600 m3/s at the southern border, and high flows above 200 m3/s were common. The sustained high flows in the 1980s caused widening and reworking of the river channel downstream through the delta. In the Limitrophe, flooding in 1993 from the Gila River basin dissected the 1980s flood surfaces, and smaller floods in the late 1990s incised the modern “active” channel within these higher surfaces. Field observations show that most geomorphic change during the pulse flow was confined to this pre-pulse, active channel. Relatively little bank erosion was evident, particularly in upstream reaches where vegetation is most dense, but new sandbars formed in areas of flow expansion. Farther downstream, localized bed scour and deposition ranged from 10s of centimeters to more than a meter, and fluvial dunes aggraded the bed in several locations. Measurable suspended-sediment transport occurred throughout the Limitrophe. Sediment concentrations peaked during the rising limb, and suspended sand concentrations suggest deposition in the lower 7 km of the Limitrophe as the channel gradient decreases by an order of magnitude. The pulse flow was small compared to historic floods, and flood magnitudes greater than the 2014 pulse flow are therefore necessary to significantly rework stable geomorphic surfaces or induce channel widening.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Mueller, E.R., Schmidt, J.C., Topping, D.J., and Grams, P.E., 2015, Geomorphic change in the Limitrophe reach of the Colorado River in response to the 2014 delta pulse flow, United States and Mexico, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061044","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300912,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/2015/openconf/modules/request.php?module=oc_program&action=summary.php&id=136"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona and California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.65194702148438,\n 33.43258740206331\n ],\n [\n -114.59564208984374,\n 33.41539481578252\n ],\n [\n -114.68353271484375,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 33.22260546814777\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 33.10419660287101\n ],\n [\n -114.46792602539062,\n 33.02363335727839\n ],\n [\n -114.42672729492188,\n 32.8830470298317\n ],\n [\n -114.48440551757811,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -114.7467041015625,\n 32.49586350791503\n ],\n [\n -114.81536865234374,\n 32.49586350791503\n ],\n [\n -114.79476928710938,\n 32.55491613824475\n ],\n [\n -114.80300903320314,\n 32.604675440554985\n ],\n [\n -114.79476928710938,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -114.72473144531251,\n 32.708733368521585\n ],\n [\n -114.70550537109374,\n 32.76302656020649\n ],\n [\n -114.51324462890625,\n 32.86343938914863\n ],\n [\n -114.5489501953125,\n 32.992539261996946\n ],\n [\n -114.73297119140625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -114.73983764648439,\n 33.19617852296372\n ],\n [\n -114.75082397460936,\n 33.28232392051035\n ],\n [\n -114.75082397460936,\n 33.39131947587412\n ],\n [\n -114.73159790039062,\n 33.4302952539532\n ],\n [\n -114.67391967773436,\n 33.43831750748322\n ],\n [\n -114.65194702148438,\n 33.43258740206331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5650524de4b0f162148c5d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X emueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":4930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich","email":"emueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148359,"text":"70148359 - 2015 - Large river bed sediment characterization with low-cost sidecan sonar: Case studies from two setting in the Colorado (Arizona) and Penobscot (Maine) Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T13:11:33","indexId":"70148359","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Large river bed sediment characterization with low-cost sidecan sonar: Case studies from two setting in the Colorado (Arizona) and Penobscot (Maine) Rivers","docAbstract":"Mapping subaqueous riverbed sediment grain size across channels and in nearshore areas typically used by fish and benthic invertebrates is difficult where and when the water flow is too swift or deep to wade yet impractical to access with large boats and instruments. Fluvial characteristics can further constrain sampling options, particularly where flow depth, water column turbidity or channel bottom structure prohibit use of aerial or bottom deployed imaging platforms.\nHere we discuss considerations in the use of sidescan sonar for riverbed sediment classification using examples from two large rivers, the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam in Arizona and the Upper Penobscot River in northern Maine (Figure 3). These case studies represent two fluvial systems that differ in recent history, physiography, sediment transport, and fluvial morphologies. The bed of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area is predominantly graveled with extensive mats of submerged vegetation, and ephemeral surficial sand deposits exist below major tributaries. The bed is imaged periodically to assess the importance of substrate type and variability on rainbow trout spawning and juvenile rearing habitats and controls on aquatic invertebrate population dynamics. The Colorado River bed further below the dam in Grand Canyon National Park is highly dynamic. Tributary inputs of sand, gravel and boulders are spatially variable, and hydraulics of individual pools and eddies vary considerably in space and in response to varying dam operations, including experimental controlled flood releases to rebuild eroding sandbars. The bed encompasses the full range of noncohesive sediments, deposited in complicated spatial patterns. The mobile portion of the Penobscot River is generally more uniform, and consists predominantly of embedded gravels interspersed between bedrock outcrops with small isolated sand patches in sections with modest or low gradients. Patches of large cobbles, boulders and bedrock outcrops are present in the lower reaches of the river near locations of two recent dam removal projects but are of limited extent below the \"head of tide\" on the river. Aggregations of coarse materials often correspond to locations with abrupt bed elevation drops in the Upper Penobscot River.","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd joint federal interagency conference on sedimentation and hydrologic modeling","conferenceTitle":"5th federal interagency hydrologic modeling conference and the 10th federal interagency sedimentation conference ","conferenceDate":"April 19 – 23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., Grams, P.E., Melis, T., and Smith, S., 2015, Large river bed sediment characterization with low-cost sidecan sonar: Case studies from two setting in the Colorado (Arizona) and Penobscot (Maine) Rivers, in Proceedings of the 3rd joint federal interagency conference on sedimentation and hydrologic modeling, Reno, NV, April 19 – 23, 2015, p. 1273-1277.","productDescription":"5 p. 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Suspended sediment, the most prevalent source of impairment of river systems, can adversely affect flood control, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystems, recreation, and water supply (e.g., Rasmussen et al., 2009; Qu, 2014). Monitoring programs typically focus on suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge (SSQ). These time-series data are used to study changes to basin hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology caused by disturbances. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has traditionally used physical sediment sample-based methods (Edwards and Glysson, 1999; Nolan et al., 2005; Gray et al., 2008) to compute SSC and SSQ from continuous streamflow data using a sediment transport-curve (e.g., Walling, 1977) or hydrologic interpretation (Porterfield, 1972). Accuracy of these data is typically constrained by the resources required to collect and analyze intermittent physical samples. Quantifying SSC using continuous instream turbidity is rapidly becoming common practice among sediment monitoring programs. Estimations of SSC and SSQ are modeled from linear regression analysis of concurrent turbidity and physical samples. Sediment-surrogate technologies such as turbidity promise near real-time information, increased accuracy, and reduced cost compared to traditional physical sample-based methods (Walling, 1977; Uhrich and Bragg, 2003; Gray and Gartner, 2009; Rasmussen et al., 2009; Landers et al., 2012; Landers and Sturm, 2013; Uhrich et al., 2014). Statistical comparisons among SSQ computation methods show that turbidity-SSC regression models can have much less uncertainty than streamflow-based sediment transport-curves or hydrologic interpretation (Walling, 1977; Lewis, 1996; Glysson et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2008). However, computation of SSC and SSQ records from continuous instream turbidity data is not without challenges; some of these include environmental fouling, calibration, and data range among sensors. Of greatest interest to many programs is a hysteresis in the relationship between turbidity and SSC, attributed to temporal variation of particle size distribution (Landers and Sturm, 2013; Uhrich et al., 2014). This phenomenon causes increased uncertainty in regression-estimated values of SSC, due to changes in nephelometric reflectance off the varying grain sizes in suspension (Uhrich et al., 2014). Here, we assess the feasibility and application of close-range remote sensing to quantify SSC and particle size distribution of a disturbed, and highly-turbid, river system. We use a consumer-grade digital camera to acquire imagery of the river surface and a depth-integrating sampler to collect concurrent suspended-sediment samples. We then develop two empirical linear regression models to relate image spectral information to concentrations of fine sediment (clay to silt) and total suspended sediment. Before presenting our regression model development, we briefly summarize each data-acquisition method.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"19-23 April, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","collaboration":"Federal Interagency Sediment Program","usgsCitation":"Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Christianson, T.S., and Uhrich, M.A., 2015, Estimating concentrations of fine-grained and total suspended sediment from close-range remote sensing imagery, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, 19-23 April, 2015, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060181","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4eb1e4b093cee780a287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christianson, Tami S. 0000-0002-6873-9229 tchristianson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":5986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","email":"tchristianson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137612,"text":"70137612 - 2015 - From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-09T15:15:35","indexId":"70137612","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool","docAbstract":"Sediment is a major cause of stream impairment, and improved sediment monitoring is a crucial need. Point samples of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) are often not enough to provide an understanding to answer critical questions in a changing environment. As technology has improved, there now exists the opportunity to obtain discrete measurements of SSC and flux while providing a spatial scale unmatched by any other device. Acoustic instruments are ubiquitous in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for making streamflow measurements but when calibrated with physical sediment samples, they may be used for sediment measurements as well. The acoustic backscatter measured by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) has long been known to correlate well with suspended sediment, but until recently, it has mainly been qualitative in nature. This new method using acoustic surrogates has great potential to leverage the routine data collection to provide calibrated, quantitative measures of SSC which hold promise to be more accurate, complete, and cost efficient than other methods. This extended abstract presents a method for the measurement of high spatial and temporal resolution SSC using a down-looking, mobile ADCP from discrete cross-sections. The high-resolution scales of sediment data are a primary advantage and a vast improvement over other discrete methods for measuring SSC. Although acoustic surrogate technology using continuous, fixed-deployment ADCPs (side-looking) is proven, the same methods cannot be used with down-looking ADCPs due to the fact that the SSC and particle-size distribution variation in the vertical profile violates theory and complicates assumptions. A software tool was developed to assist in using acoustic backscatter from a down-looking, mobile ADCP as a surrogate for SSC. This tool has a simple graphical user interface that loads the data, assists in the calibration procedure, and provides data visualization and output options. This tool is designed to improve ongoing efforts to monitor and predict resource responses to a changing environment. Because ADCPs are used routinely for streamflow measurements, using acoustic backscatter from ADCPs as a surrogate for SSC has the potential to revolutionize sediment measurements by providing rapid measurements of sediment flux and distribution at spatial and temporal scales that are far beyond the capabilities of traditional physical samplers.
","conferenceTitle":"SEDHYD 2015","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J., 2015, From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool, SEDHYD 2015, Reno, Nevada, April 19-23, 2015, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061674","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389752e4b0d6133fe72fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boldt, Justin A. jboldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"Justin A.","email":"jboldt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70204455,"text":"70204455 - 2015 - Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T14:34:27","indexId":"70204455","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T14:25:45","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress","title":"Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress","docAbstract":"The health of many Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is adversely affected by exposure to blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis blooms are common in manatee habitats of Florida's southwestern coast and produce a group of cyclic polyether toxins collectively referred to as red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Although a large number of manatees exposed to significant levels of red tide toxins die, several manatees are rescued from sublethal exposure and are successfully treated and returned to the wild. Sublethal brevetoxin exposure may potentially impact the manatee immune system. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and a suite of immune function parameters in the plasma were used to evaluate effects of brevetoxin exposure on health of manatees rescued from natural exposure to red tide toxins in their habitat. Blood samples were collected from rescued manatees at Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, FL and from healthy, unexposed manatees in Crystal River, FL. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) isolated from whole blood were stimulated with T-cell mitogens, ConA and PHA. A suite of plasma parameters, including plasma protein electrophoresis profiles, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species, was also used to assess manatee health. Significant decreases (p<0.05) in lymphocyte proliferation were observed in ConA and PHA stimulated lymphocytes from rescued animals compared to non-exposed animals. Significant correlations were observed between oxidative stress markers (SOD, ROS/RNS) and plasma brevetoxin concentrations. Sublethal exposure to brevetoxins in the wild impacts some immune function components, and thus, overall health, in the Florida manatee.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.019","usgsCitation":"Walsh, C., Butawan, M., Yordy, J., Ball, R., de Witt, M., and Bonde, R.K., 2015, Sublethal red tide toxin exposure in free-ranging manatees (Trichechus manatus) affects the immune system through reduced lymphocyte proliferation responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 161, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-060017","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -80.96923828125,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 24.766784522874453\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, C.J.","contributorId":217523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butawan, M.","contributorId":217524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butawan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yordy, J.","contributorId":217525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yordy","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, R.","contributorId":217526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Witt, M.","contributorId":217527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Witt","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70135096,"text":"fs20143101 - 2015 - Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:30:46","indexId":"fs20143101","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3101","title":"Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation","docAbstract":"Rhenium is a silvery-white, metallic element with an extremely high melting point (3,180 degrees Celsius) and a heat-stable crystalline structure, making it exceptionally resistant to heat and wear. Since the late 1980s, rhenium has been critical for superalloys used in turbine blades and in catalysts used to produce lead-free gasoline.
\nOne of the rarest elements, rhenium has an average abundance of less than one part per billion in the continental crust. Rhenium was the last stable, naturally occurring element discovered. Although its existence was predicted in 1871—Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noted two vacant slots below manganese on the periodic table of elements—rhenium was not isolated until 1925, when German chemists Walker Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg detected it in platinum ore.
\nRhenium rarely occurs as a native element or as its own sulfide mineral—rheniite (ReS2)—and often occurs as a substitute for molybdenum in molybdenite (MoS2). Most extracted rhenium is a byproduct of copper mining, with about 80 percent recovered from flue dust during the processing of molybdenite concentrates from porphyry copper deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143101","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., 2015, Rhenium: a rare metal critical in modern transportation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3101, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143101.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054779","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143101.jpg"},{"id":299816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3101/"},{"id":299817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3101/pdf/fs2014-3101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5538b817e4b02c4db8d20ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70150424,"text":"70150424 - 2015 - Fine-scale pathways used by adult sea lampreys during riverine spawning migrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T11:24:26","indexId":"70150424","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-scale pathways used by adult sea lampreys during riverine spawning migrations","docAbstract":"Better knowledge of upstream migratory patterns of spawning Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus, an invasive species in the Great Lakes, is needed to improve trapping for population control and assessment. Although trapping of adult Sea Lampreys provides the basis for estimates of lake-wide abundance that are used to evaluate the Sea Lamprey control program, traps have only been operated at dams due to insufficient knowledge of Sea Lamprey behavior in unobstructed channels. Acoustic telemetry and radiotelemetry were used to obtain movement tracks for 23 Sea Lampreys in 2008 and 18 Sea Lampreys in 2009 at two locations in the Mississagi River, Ontario. Cabled hydrophone arrays provided two-dimensional geographic positions from acoustic transmitters at 3-s intervals; depth-encoded radio tag detections provided depths. Upstream movements occurred at dusk or during the night (2015–0318 hours). Sea Lampreys were closely associated with the river bottom and showed some preference to move near banks in shallow glide habitats, suggesting that bottom-oriented gears could selectively target adult Sea Lampreys in some habitats. However, Sea Lampreys were broadly distributed across the river channel, suggesting that the capture efficiency of nets and traps in open channels would depend heavily on the proportion of the channel width covered. Lack of vertical movements into the water column may have reflected lamprey preference for low water velocities, suggesting that energy conservation was more beneficial for lampreys than was vertical searching in rivers. Improved understanding of Sea Lamprey movement will assist in the development of improved capture strategies for their assessment and control in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1017657","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, C., Bergstedt, R.A., Adams, N.S., Hatton, T., and McLaughlin, R.L., 2015, Fine-scale pathways used by adult sea lampreys during riverine spawning migrations: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 549-562, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1017657.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062748","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Mississagi River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.21422576904295,\n 46.262730605234445\n ],\n [\n -83.2075309753418,\n 46.2565589744287\n ],\n [\n -83.20135116577148,\n 46.25537204270996\n ],\n [\n -83.18864822387695,\n 46.25216719874425\n ],\n [\n -83.17337036132812,\n 46.25121757937995\n ],\n [\n -83.17182540893555,\n 46.25454117522087\n ],\n [\n -83.1859016418457,\n 46.2554907370379\n ],\n [\n -83.19757461547852,\n 46.2566776661876\n ],\n [\n -83.20032119750977,\n 46.25928881988602\n ],\n [\n -83.20976257324219,\n 46.262967961777214\n ],\n [\n -83.21422576904295,\n 46.262730605234445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55926cb5e4b0b6d21dd677d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8203-6856 cholbrook@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-6856","contributorId":139681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"Christopher","email":"cholbrook@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson thatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson","email":"thatton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert L.","contributorId":143707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":556853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70131496,"text":"fs20143077 - 2015 - Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-23T09:32:42","indexId":"fs20143077","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3077","title":"Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy","docAbstract":"Tellurium is one of the least common elements on Earth. Most rocks contain an average of about 3 parts per billion tellurium, making it rarer than the rare earth elements and eight times less abundant than gold. Grains of native tellurium appear in rocks as a brittle, silvery-white material, but tellurium more commonly occurs in telluride minerals that include varied quantities of gold, silver, or platinum. Tellurium is a metalloid, meaning it possesses the properties of both metals and nonmetals.
\nTellurium was discovered within gold ores in the late 1780s in Transylvania, Romania. Fifteen years later, the element was isolated as a distinct substance and named tellurium, after the Latin word “tellus,” which means “fruit of the Earth.” Recovered tellurium has historically been used in metallurgy as an additive to stainless steel and in alloys made with copper, lead, and iron.
\nBecause of its low abundance, little is known about environmental baseline concentrations for tellurium or its toxic effect on humans and ecosystems. Human exposure to tellurium can lead to a garlic odor on the breath, nausea, and eventual respiratory problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143077","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., 2015, Tellurium: providing a bright future for solar energy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3077, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143077.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055430","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143077.jpg"},{"id":299823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3077/pdf/fs2014-3077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.05 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3077/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5538b819e4b02c4db8d20ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154844,"text":"70154844 - 2015 - Translocation of Humpback Chub into tributary streams of the Colorado River: Implications for conservation of large-river fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T14:27:58","indexId":"70154844","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Translocation of Humpback Chub into tributary streams of the Colorado River: Implications for conservation of large-river fishes","docAbstract":"The Humpback Chub Gila cypha, a large-bodied, endangered cyprinid endemic to the Colorado River basin, is in decline throughout most of its range due largely to anthropogenic factors. Translocation of Humpback Chub into tributaries of the Colorado River is one conservation activity that may contribute to the expansion of the species’ current range and eventually provide population redundancy. We evaluated growth, survival, and dispersal following translocation of approximately 900 Humpback Chub over a period of 3 years (2009, 2010, and 2011) into Shinumo Creek, a tributary stream of the Colorado River within Grand Canyon National Park. Growth and condition of Humpback Chub in Shinumo Creek were consistent among year-classes and equaled or surpassed growth estimates from both the main-stem Colorado River and the Little Colorado River, where the largest (and most stable) Humpback Chub aggregation remains. Based on passive integrated tag recoveries, 53% ( = 483/902) of translocated Humpback Chub dispersed from Shinumo Creek into the main-stem Colorado River as of January 2013, 35% leaving within 25 d following translocation. Annual apparent survival estimates within Shinumo Creek ranged from 0.22 to 0.41, but were strongly influenced by emigration. Results indicate that Shinumo Creek provides favorable conditions for growth and survival of translocated Humpback Chub and could support a new population if reproduction and recruitment occur in the future. Adaptation of translocation strategies of Humpback Chub into tributary streams ultimately may refine the role translocation plays in recovery of the species.
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Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keener, Victoria","contributorId":20620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keener","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finucane, Melissa L.","contributorId":140152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finucane","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13398,"text":"East-West Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155368,"text":"70155368 - 2015 - Alternative standardization approaches to improving streamflow reconstructions with ring-width indices of riparian trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T15:04:58","indexId":"70155368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-21T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alternative standardization approaches to improving streamflow reconstructions with ring-width indices of riparian trees","docAbstract":"Old, multi-aged populations of riparian trees provide an opportunity to improve reconstructions of streamflow. Here, ring widths of 394 plains cottonwood (Populus deltoids, ssp. monilifera) trees in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, are used to reconstruct streamflow along the Little Missouri River (LMR), North Dakota, US. Different versions of the cottonwood chronology are developed by (1) age-curve standardization (ACS), using age-stratified samples and a single estimated curve of ring width against estimated ring age, and (2) time-curve standardization (TCS), using a subset of longer ring-width series individually detrended with cubic smoothing splines of width against year. The cottonwood chronologies are combined with the first principal component of four upland conifer chronologies developed by conventional methods to investigate the possible value of riparian tree-ring chronologies for streamflow reconstruction of the LMR. Regression modeling indicates that the statistical signal for flow is stronger in the riparian cottonwood than in the upland chronologies. The flow signal from cottonwood complements rather than repeats the signal from upland conifers and is especially strong in young trees (e.g. 5–35 years). Reconstructions using a combination of cottonwoods and upland conifers are found to explain more than 50% of the variance of LMR flow over a 1935–1990 calibration period and to yield reconstruction of flow to 1658. The low-frequency component of reconstructed flow is sensitive to the choice of standardization method for the cottonwood. In contrast to the TCS version, the ACS reconstruction features persistent low flows in the 19th century. Results demonstrate the value to streamflow reconstruction of riparian cottonwood and suggest that more studies are needed to exploit the low-frequency streamflow signal in densely sampled age-stratified stands of riparian trees.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE","doi":"10.1177/0959683615580181","usgsCitation":"Meko, D.M., Friedman, J.M., Touchan, R., Edmondson, J.R., Griffin, E.R., and Scott, J.A., 2015, Alternative standardization approaches to improving streamflow reconstructions with ring-width indices of riparian trees: The Holocene, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1093-1101, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683615580181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060259","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Soutb Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Burning Coal Vein, Devil's Tower National Monument, Eagle Nest Canyon, Little Missouri River, North Dakota, Montana, North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.535400390625,\n 47.879512933970496\n ],\n [\n -103.150634765625,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -103.86474609375,\n 47.249406957888446\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -105.57861328125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -105.281982421875,\n 44.20583500104184\n ],\n [\n -104.315185546875,\n 44.2294565683017\n ],\n [\n -103.919677734375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -102.711181640625,\n 47.16730970131578\n ],\n [\n -102.20581054687499,\n 47.857402894658236\n ],\n [\n -102.535400390625,\n 47.879512933970496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef3ae4b0bc0bec09efab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Touchan, Ramzi","contributorId":145888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Touchan","given":"Ramzi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edmondson, Jesse R.","contributorId":145889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmondson","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16283,"text":"University of Arkansas, Tree-Ring Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, Julian A.","contributorId":145890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16284,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service, National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70137273,"text":"sir20145233 - 2015 - Water quality of groundwater and stream base flow in the Marcellus Shale Gas Field of the Monongahela River Basin, West Virginia, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-25T13:10:28","indexId":"sir20145233","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-21T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5233","title":"Water quality of groundwater and stream base flow in the Marcellus Shale Gas Field of the Monongahela River Basin, West Virginia, 2011-12","docAbstract":"The Marcellus Shale gas field underlies portions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Development of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology led to extensive development of gas from the Marcellus Shale beginning about 2007. The need to identify and monitor changes in water-quality conditions related to development of the Marcellus Shale gas field prompted the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management, to document water quality for comparison with water quality in samples collected at a future date. The identification of change in water-quality conditions over time is more difficult if baseline water-quality conditions have not been documented.
\nU.S. Geological Survey personnel sampled groundwater and surface water in West Virginia’s Monongahela River Basin during 2011–12. A groundwater survey, in which 39 wells and 2 springs were sampled, was conducted during June through September 2011. A base-flow survey was conducted during July through October 2012; 50 stream sites were sampled under base-flow conditions in this survey.
\nBecause additives to hydraulic fracturing fluids are variable and decrease in flowback water over a relatively short time, water-quality analyses for this study focused on documenting the water-quality characteristics typical of water from shallow aquifers; water derived from contact with the Marcellus Shale (flowback from hydraulic fracturing or formation water); and water with constituents from conventional oil and gas development, sewage effluent, and coal-mine drainage. All samples were analyzed for field properties (water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity), major ions, trace elements, naturally occurring radioactive materials, and stable isotopes.
\nIn addition to documenting baseline water-quality conditions for an area of shale-gas development, these data were examined for patterns in water quality. Groundwater and base-flow survey data were compared to historical data from the Monongahela River Basin in West Virginia. Additionally, groundwater- and base-flow survey samples were grouped by Marcellus Shale gas production in the subbasin in which that sampling site was located.
\nThe comparisons of data collected as part of this study with historical data identified few differences. No significant difference was found in a comparison of groundwater survey data and historical data. Base-flow survey samples differed significantly from historical data for pH, chloride, and strontium, all of which had higher concentrations in the base-flow survey samples. Differences in pH are likely related to changes in mining regulation beginning in 1977. Concentrations of chloride and strontium elevated above background concentrations may be related to saline groundwater; saline water is within 300 feet of the land surface in parts of the study area.
\nIn the comparison of base-flow survey samples grouped by shale-gas-production setting, significant differences were found for fluoride and barium. Concentrations of fluoride and barium were higher in stream subbasins with active Marcellus Shale production than in subbasins not near active Marcellus Shale production. Elevated fluoride and barium are associated with deep brines.
\nGenerally, naturally occurring radioactive materials were not found in elevated concentrations in either groundwater or base-flow samples. Only 3 samples, 2 from the groundwater survey and one from the base-flow survey, exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for radium isotopes of 5.0 picocurie per liter for either a single isotope or a combined value of radium-226 and radium-228.
\nStable isotope composition indicates broad similarity among surface water, shallow groundwater, and precipitation in the region. Neither shallow groundwater nor surface water showed a marked similarity with the deep brines associated with shale gas. In most of the groundwater survey samples, 38 of 41 samples, dissolved gas profiles were similar to those previously found in samples from shallow, domestic wells in the region.
\nThis study provides a baseline of water-quality conditions in the Monongahela River Basin in West Virginia during the early phases of development of the Marcellus Shale gas field. Although not all inclusive, the results of this study provide a set of reliable water-quality data against which future data sets can be compared and the effects of shale-gas development may be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., Kozar, M.D., Messinger, T., Mulder, M.L., Pelak, A.J., and White, J.S., 2015, Water quality of groundwater and stream base flow in the Marcellus Shale Gas Field of the Monongahela River Basin, West Virginia, 2011-12 (Version 1. 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Users rely on these data for historical study of land surface change and require consistent radiometric data processed to the highest science standards. In support of the guidelines established through the Global Climate Observing System, the U.S. Geological Survey has embarked on production of higher-level Landsat data products to support land surface change studies. One such product is Landsat surface reflectance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153034","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2015, Landsat surface reflectance data (ver. 1.1, March 27, 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3034, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153034.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063045","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3034/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":299805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3034/pdf/fs20153034.pdf","size":"286 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1: Originally posted April 20, 2015; Version 1.1: June 16, 2015; Version 1.1 updated: March 27, 2019","contact":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
Human land use will increasingly contribute to habitat loss and water shortages in California, given future population projections and associated land-use demand. Understanding how land-use change may impact future water use and where existing protected areas may be threatened by land-use conversion will be important if effective, sustainable management approaches are to be implemented. We used a state-and-transition simulation modeling (STSM) framework to simulate spatially-explicit (1 km2) historical (1992-2010) and future (2011-2060) land-use change for 52 California counties within Mediterranean California ecoregions. Historical land use and land cover (LULC) change estimates were derived from the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program dataset and attributed with county-level agricultural water-use data from the California Department of Water Resources. Five future alternative land-use scenarios were developed and modeled using the historical land-use change estimates and land-use projections based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Special Report on Emission Scenarios A2 and B1 scenarios. Spatial land-use transition outputs across scenarios were combined to reveal scenario agreement and a land conversion threat index was developed to evaluate vulnerability of existing protected areas to proximal land conversion. By 2060, highest LULC conversion threats were projected to impact nearly 10,500 km2 of land area within 10 km of a protected area boundary and over 18,000 km2 of land area within essential habitat connectivity areas. Agricultural water use declined across all scenarios perpetuating historical drought-related land use from 2008-2010 and trends of annual cropland conversion into perennial woody crops. STSM is useful in analyzing land-use related impacts on water resource use as well as potential threats to existing protected land. Exploring a range of alternative, yet plausible, LULC change impacts will help to better inform resource management and mitigation strategies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"AIMS Environmental Science","conferenceTitle":"2nd State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"September 16-18, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, Colorado","language":"English","publisher":"AIMS Press","doi":"10.3934/environsci.2015.2.282","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T., Sleeter, B.M., Sherba, J.T., and Cameron, D., 2015, Land-use impacts on water resources and protected areas: applications of state-and-transition simulation modeling of future scenarios, in AIMS Environmental Science, v. 2, no. 2, Fort Collins, Colorado, September 16-18, 2014, p. 282-301, https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.2.282.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"301","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062790","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherba, Jason T. jsherba@usgs.gov","contributorId":5972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherba","given":"Jason","email":"jsherba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cameron, Dick","contributorId":140373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Dick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176909,"text":"70176909 - 2015 - Community ecology in a changing environment: Perspectives from the 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Community ecology focuses on existing species assemblages and recently has begun to integrate history (phylogeny and continental or intercontinental dispersal) to constrain community processes. This division has left a “missing middle”: Ecological and environmental processes occurring on timescales from decades to millennia are not yet fully incorporated into community ecology. Quaternary paleoecology has a wealth of data documenting ecological dynamics at these timescales, and both fields can benefit from greater interaction and articulation. We discuss ecological insights revealed by Quaternary terrestrial records, suggest foundations for bridging between the disciplines, and identify topics where the disciplines can engage to mutual benefit.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Baltimore, MD","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1403664111","usgsCitation":"Jackson, S.T., and Blois, J.L., 2015, Community ecology in a changing environment: Perspectives from the Quaternary: PNAS, v. 112, no. 16, p. 4915-4921, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403664111.","startPage":"4915","endPage":"4921","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-056770","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403664111","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdeffe4b0824b2d179cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blois, Jessica L.","contributorId":35245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blois","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146029,"text":"ds934 - 2015 - Digital representation of oil and natural gas well pad scars in southwest Wyoming: 2012 update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T15:51:36","indexId":"ds934","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-20T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"934","title":"Digital representation of oil and natural gas well pad scars in southwest Wyoming: 2012 update","docAbstract":"The recent proliferation of oil and natural gas energy development in the Greater Green River Basin of southwest Wyoming has accentuated the need to understand wildlife responses to this development. The location and extent of surface disturbance that is created by oil and natural gas well pad scars are key pieces of information used to assess the effects of energy infrastructure on wildlife populations and habitat. A digital database of oil and natural gas pad scars had previously been generated from 1-meter (m) National Agriculture Imagery Program imagery (NAIP) acquired in 2009 for a 7.7-million hectare (ha) (19,026,700 acres) region of southwest Wyoming. Scars included the pad area where wellheads, pumps, and storage facilities reside and the surrounding area that was scraped and denuded of vegetation during the establishment of the pad. Scars containing tanks, compressors, the storage of oil and gas related equipment, and produced-water ponds were also collected on occasion. This report updates the digital database for the five counties of southwest Wyoming (Carbon, Lincoln, Sublette, Sweetwater, Uinta) within the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) study area and for a limited portion of Fremont, Natrona, and Albany Counties using 2012 1-m NAIP imagery and 2012 oil and natural gas well permit information. This report adds pad scars created since 2009, and updates attributes of all pad scars using the 2012 well permit information. These attributes include the origination year of the pad scar, the number of active and inactive wells on or near each pad scar in 2012, and the overall status of the pad scar (active or inactive). The new 2012 database contains 17,404 pad scars of which 15,532 are attributed as oil and natural gas well pads. Digital data are stored as shapefiles projected to the Universal Transverse Mercator (zones 12 and 13) coordinate system. These data are available from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds934.
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Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in recent sediments from Lake Malawi range from 0.01 to 8.80 wt% and average 2.83 wt% for surface sediments and 2.35 wt% for shallow core sediments. Hydrogen index (HI) values as determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis range from 0 to 756 mg HC g−1 TOC and average 205 mg HC g−1 TOC for surface sediments and 228 mg HC g−1 TOC for shallow core samples. On average, variations in primary productivity throughout the lake may account for ~33% of the TOC content in Lake Malawi sediments (as much as 1 wt% TOC), and have little or no impact on sedimentary HI values. Similarly, ~33% to 66% of the variation in TOC content in Lake Malawi sediments appears to be controlled by anoxic preservation of OM (~1–2 wt% TOC), although some component of the water depth–TOC relationship may be due to physical sediment transport processes. Furthermore, anoxic preservation has a minimal effect on HI values in Lake Malawi sediments. Dilution of OM by inorganic sediment may account for ~16% of variability in TOC content in Lake Malawi sediments (~0.5 wt% TOC). The effect of inputs of terrestrial sediment on the organic character of surface sediments in these lakes is highly variable, and appears to be more closely related to the local depositional environment than the regional flux of terrestrial OM. Total nitrogen and TOC content in surface sediments collected throughout the lake are found to be highly correlated (r2 = 0.95), indicating a well-homogenized source of OM to the lake bottom. The recurring suspension and deposition of terrestrial sediment may account for significant amounts of OM deposited in offshore regions of the lake. This process effectively separates denser inorganic sediment from less dense OM and allows terrestrial OM to preferentially be transported farther offshore. The conclusion is that for the organic carbon content in these regions to be elevated a mixed terrestrial-lacustrine origin is required. The hydrodynamic separation of mineral and organic constituents is most pronounced in regions with shallow bathymetric gradients, consistent with previous findings from Lake Tanganyika.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2515(02)","usgsCitation":"Ellis, G.S., Katz, B.J., Scholz, C., and Peter K. 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The range of critical loads of nutrient N reported for U.S. ecoregions, inland surface waters, and freshwater wetlands is 1–39 kg N ha−1 yr−1, spanning the range of N deposition observed over most of the country. 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of mafic minerals and basalt grains: application to Martian aeolian deposits","docAbstract":"Sediment maturity, or the mineralogical and physical characterization of sediment deposits, has been used to locate sediment source, transport medium and distance, weathering processes, and paleoenvironments on Earth. Mature terrestrial sands are dominated by quartz, which is abundant in source lithologies on Earth and is physically and chemically stable under a wide range of conditions. Immature sands, such as those rich in feldspars or mafic minerals, are composed of grains that are easily physically weathered and highly susceptible to chemical weathering. On Mars, which is predominately mafic in composition, terrestrial standards of sediment maturity are not applicable. In addition, the martian climate today is cold, dry and sediments are likely to be heavily influenced by physical weathering rather than chemical weathering. Due to these large differences in weathering processes and composition, martian sediments require an alternate maturity index. Abrason tests have been conducted on a variety of mafic materials and results suggest that mature martian sediments may be composed of well sorted, well rounded, spherical basalt grains. In addition, any volcanic glass present is likely to persist in a mechanical weathering environment while chemically altered products are likely to be winnowed away. A modified sediment maturity index is proposed that can be used in future studies to constrain sediment source, paleoclimate, mechanisms for sediment production, and surface evolution. This maturity index may also provide details about erosional and sediment transport systems and preservation processes of layered deposits.
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