{"pageNumber":"1258","pageRowStart":"31425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70020983,"text":"70020983 - 1998 - Aeromagnetic evidence for a volcanic caldera(?) complex beneath the divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T12:20:50.667667","indexId":"70020983","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic evidence for a volcanic caldera(?) complex beneath the divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A 1995–96 aeromagnetic survey over part of the Sinuous Ridge (SR) beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) divide shows a 70-km diameter circular pattern of 400–1200-nT anomalies suggesting one of the largest volcanic caldera(?) complexes on earth. Radar-ice-sounding (RIS) shows the northern part of this pattern overlies the SR, and extends south over the Bentley Subglacial Trench (BST). Modeled sources of all but one the caldera(?) anomalies are at the base of &lt;1–2-km thick ice and their volcanic edifices have been glacially removed. The exception is a 700-m high, 15-km wide \"volcano\" producing an 800-nT anomaly over the BST. “Intrusion” of this “volcano” beneath 3 km of ice probably resulted in pillow basalt rather than easily removed hyaloclastite erupted beneath thinner ice. The background area (−300 to −500-nT) surrounding the caldera(?) is possibly caused by a shallow Curie isotherm. We suggest uplift of the SR forced the advance of the WAIS.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998GL900101","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Finn, C., Blankenship, D., and Bell, R., 1998, Aeromagnetic evidence for a volcanic caldera(?) complex beneath the divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 23, p. 4385-4388, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GL900101.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"4385","endPage":"4388","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e730e4b0c8380cd478bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":388189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, C. A. 0000-0002-6178-0405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":93917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blankenship, D.","contributorId":108260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, R.E.","contributorId":70010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021368,"text":"70021368 - 1998 - Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:55:02.221072","indexId":"70021368","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate robustness of four tests to detect density dependence, from series of population abundances, to the addition of sampling variance. Population abundances were generated from random walk, stochastic exponential growth, and density-dependent population models. Population abundance estimates were generated with sampling variances distributed as lognormal and constant coefficients of variation (</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">cv</span><span>) from 0.00 to 1.00. In general, when data were generated under a random walk, Type I error rates increased rapidly for Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R,</i><span>&nbsp;Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests with increasing magnitude of sampling variance for&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 5 yr and all values of process variation. Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test maintained a constant 5% Type I error rate for&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;&gt; 5 yr and all magnitudes of sampling variance in the population abundance estimates. When abundances were generated from two stochastic exponential growth models (</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.05 and&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.10), Type I errors again increased with increasing sampling variance; magnitude of Type I error rates were higher for the slower growing population. Therefore, sampling error inflated Type I error rates, invalidating the tests, for all except Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test. Comparable simulations for abundance estimates generated from a density-dependent growth rate model were conducted to estimate power of the tests. Type II error rates were influenced by the relationship of initial population size to carrying capacity (</span><i>K</i><span>), length of time series, as well as sampling error. Given the inflated Type I error rates for all but Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>*, power was overestimated for the remaining tests, resulting in density dependence being detected more often than it existed. Population abundances of natural populations are almost exclusively estimated rather than censused, assuring sampling error. Therefore, because these tests have been shown to be either invalid when only sampling variance occurs in the population abundances (Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R,</i><span>&nbsp;Pollard et al.'s, and Dennis and Taper's tests) or lack power (Bulmer's&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>* test), little justification exists for use of such tests to support or refute the hypothesis of density dependence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shenk, T.M., White, G.C., and Burnham, K.P., 1998, Sampling-variance effects on detecting density dependence from temporal trends in natural populations: Ecological Monographs, v. 68, no. 3, p. 445-463, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0445:SVEODD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab097e4b0c8380cd87bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shenk, Tanya M","contributorId":221010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shenk","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":40309,"text":"NPS, Lincoln, NE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021363,"text":"70021363 - 1998 - Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:47:35","indexId":"70021363","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2379,"text":"Journal of Marine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?","docAbstract":"<p>In this paper we use numerical models of coupled biological-hydrodynamic processes to search for general principles of bloom regulation in estuarine waters. We address three questions: what are the dynamics of stratification in coastal systems as influenced by variable freshwater input and tidal stirring? How does phytoplankton growth respond to these dynamics? Can the classical Sverdrup Critical Depth Model (SCDM) be used to predict the timing of bloom events in shallow coastal domains such as estuaries? We present results of simulation experiments which assume that vertical transport and net phytoplankton growth rates are horizontally homogeneous. In the present approach the temporally and spatially varying turbulent diffusivities for various stratification scenarios are calculated using a hydrodynamic code that includes the Mellor-Yamada 2.5 turbulence closure model. These diffusivities are then used in a time- and depth-dependent advection-diffusion equation, incorporating sources and sinks, for the phytoplankton biomass. Our modeling results show that, whereas persistent stratification greatly increases the probability of a bloom, semidiurnal periodic stratification does not increase the likelihood of a phytoplankton bloom over that of a constantly unstratified water column. Thus, for phytoplankton blooms, the physical regime of periodic stratification is closer to complete mixing than to persistent stratification. Furthermore, the details of persistent stratification are important: surface layer depth, thickness of the pycnocline, vertical density difference, and tidal current speed all weigh heavily in producing conditions which promote the onset of phytoplankton blooms. Our model results for shallow tidal systems do not conform to the classical concepts of stratification and blooms in deep pelagic systems. First, earlier studies (Riley, 1942, for example) suggest a monotonic increase in surface layer production as the surface layer shallows. Our model results suggest, however, a nonmonotonic relationship between phytoplankton population growth and surface layer depth, which results from a balance between several 'competing' processes, including the interaction of sinking with turbulent mixing and average net growth occurring within the surface layer. Second, we show that the traditional SCDM must be refined for application to energetic shallow systems or for systems in which surface layer mixing is not strong enough to counteract the sinking loss of phytoplankton. This need for refinement arises because of the leakage of phytoplankton from the surface layer by turbulent diffusion and sinking, processes not considered in the classical SCDM. Our model shows that, even for low sinking rates and small turbulent diffusivities, a significant % of the phytoplankton biomass produced in the surface layer can be lost by these processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sears Foundation for Marine Research ","doi":"10.1357/002224098321822357","issn":"00222402","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Cloern, J., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J., 1998, Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries?: Journal of Marine Research, v. 56, no. 2, p. 375-415, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224098321822357.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"415","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a039ae4b0c8380cd50575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021360,"text":"70021360 - 1998 - Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021360","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of sediment-budget errors are important for interpreting sediment-budget results. Sediment-budget errors are commonly considered equal to sediment-budget imbalances, which may underestimate actual sediment-budget errors if they include compensating positive and negative errors. We modified the sediment 'fingerprinting' approach to qualitatively evaluate compensating errors in an annual (1991) fine (<63 ??m) sediment budget for the North Halawa Valley, a mountainous, forested drainage basin on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, during construction of a major highway. We measured concentrations of aeolian quartz and 137Cs in sediment sources and fluvial sediments, and combined concentrations of these aerosols with the sediment budget to construct aerosol budgets. Aerosol concentrations were independent of the sediment budget, hence aerosol budgets were less likely than sediment budgets to include compensating errors. Differences between sediment-budget and aerosol-budget imbalances therefore provide a measure of compensating errors in the sediment budget. The sediment-budget imbalance equalled 25% of the fluvial fine-sediment load. Aerosol-budget imbalances were equal to 19% of the fluvial 137Cs load and 34% of the fluval quartz load. The reasonably close agreement between sediment- and aerosol-budget imbalances indicates that compensating errors in the sediment budget were not large and that the sediment-budget imbalance as a reliable measure of sediment-budget error. We attribute at least one-third of the 1991 fluvial fine-sediment load to highway construction. Continued monitoring indicated that highway construction produced 90% of the fluvial fine-sediment load during 1992. Erosion of channel margins and attrition of coarse particles provided most of the fine sediment produced by natural processes. Hillslope processes contributed relatively minor amounts of sediment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., DeCarlo, E., Fuller, C.C., and Wong, M., 1998, Using sediment 'fingerprints' to assess sediment-budget errors, north Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii, 1991-92: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 23, no. 6, p. 493-508, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V.","startPage":"493","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<493::AID-ESP862>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"id":229910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc099e4b08c986b32a201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeCarlo, E.H.","contributorId":95212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarlo","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, M.F.","contributorId":41052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020792,"text":"70020792 - 1998 - Three-compartment model for contaminant accumulation by semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:56:23","indexId":"70020792","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-compartment model for contaminant accumulation by semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"<p><span>Passive sampling of dissolved hydrophobic contaminants with lipid (triolein)-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Understanding of the accumulation process has employed a simple polymer film-control model of uptake by the polymer-enclosed lipid, while aqueous film control has been only briefly discussed. A more complete three-compartment model incorporating both aqueous film (turbulent-diffusive) and polymer film (diffusive) mass transfer is developed here and is fit to data from accumulation studies conducted in constant-concentration, flow-through dilutors. This model predicts aqueous film control of the whole device for moderate to high </span><i>K</i><sub>ow</sub><span> compounds, rather than polymer film control. Uptake rates for phenanthrene and 2,2‘,5,5‘-tetrachlorobiphenyl were about 4.8 and 4.2 L/day/standard SPMD, respectively. Maximum 28 day SPMD concentration factors of 30 000 are predicted for solutes with log </span><i>K</i><sub>ow</sub><span> values of &gt;5.5. Effects of varying aqueous and polymer film thicknesses and solute diffusivities in the polymer film are modeled, and overall accumulation by the whole device is predicted to remain under aqueous film control, although accumulation in the triolein may be subject to polymer film control. The predicted half-life and integrative response of SPMDs to pulsed concentration events is proportional to log </span><i>K</i><sub>SPMD</sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es970754m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gale, R.W., 1998, Three-compartment model for contaminant accumulation by semipermeable membrane devices: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 15, p. 2292-2300, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970754m.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2292","endPage":"2300","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970754m"}],"volume":"32","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb31ce4b08c986b325ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021348,"text":"70021348 - 1998 - Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:04:30","indexId":"70021348","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a stochastic simulation model that simulates avian foraging in an agricultural landscape to evaluate factors affecting dietary insecticide exposure and to predict post-exposure cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. To evaluate the model, we simulated published field studies and found that model predictions of insecticide decay and ChE inhibition reasonably approximated most observed results. Sensitivity analysis suggested that foraging location usually influenced ChE inhibition more than diet preferences or daily intake rate. Although organophosphorus insecticides usually caused greater inhibition than carbamate insecticides, insecticide toxicity appeared only moderately important. When we simulated impact of heavy insecticide applications during breeding seasons of 15 wild bird species, mean maximum ChE inhibition in most species exceeded 20% at some point. At this level of inhibition, birds may experience nausea and/or may exhibit minor behavioral changes. Simulated risk peaked in April–May and August–September and was lowest in July. ChE inhibition increased with proportion of vegetation in the diet. This model, and ones like it, may help predict insecticide exposure of and sublethal ChE inhibition in grassland animals, thereby reducing dependence of ecological risk assessments on field studies alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Corson, M., Mora, M., and Grant, W., 1998, Simulating cholinesterase inhibition in birds caused by dietary insecticide exposure: Ecological Modelling, v. 105, no. 2-3, p. 299-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206426,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00174-9"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fcde4b08c986b319148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corson, M.S.","contributorId":12999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.E.","contributorId":78903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020854,"text":"70020854 - 1998 - Lithological and hydrological influences on ground-water composition in a heterogeneous carbonate-clay aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T12:27:38.346536","indexId":"70020854","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithological and hydrological influences on ground-water composition in a heterogeneous carbonate-clay aquifer system","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15009126\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The influence of clay units on ground-water composition was investigated in a heterogeneous carbonate aquifer system of Miocene age in southwest Florida, known as the Intermediate aquifer system. Regionally, the ground water is recharged inland, flows laterally and to greater depths in the aquifer systems, and is discharged vertically upward at the saltwater interface along the coast. A depth profile of water composition was obtained by sampling ground water from discrete intervals within the permeable carbonate units during coring and by squeezing pore water from a core of the less-permeable clay layers. A normative salt analysis of solute compositions in the water indicated a marine origin for both types of water and an evolutionary pathway for the clay water that involves clay diagenesis. The chemical composition of the ground water in the carbonate bedrock is significantly different from that of the pore water in the clay layers. Dissolution of clays and opaline silica results in high silica concentrations relative to water in other parts of the Intermediate aquifer system. Water enriched in chloride relative to the overlying and underlying ground water recharges the aquifer inland where the confining clay layer is absent, and it dissolves carbonate and silicate minerals and reacts with clays along its flow path, eventually reaching this coastal site and resulting in the high chloride and silica concentrations observed in the middle part of the Intermediate aquifer system. Reaction-path modeling suggests that the recharging surficial water mixes with sulfate-rich water upwelling from the Upper Floridan aquifer, and carbonate mineral dissolution and precipitation, weathering and exchange reactions, clay mineral diagenesis, clay and silica dissolution, organic carbon oxidation, and iron and sulfate reduction result in the observed water compositions.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1163:LAHIOG>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, S., Herman, J., and Jones, B., 1998, Lithological and hydrological influences on ground-water composition in a heterogeneous carbonate-clay aquifer system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 9, p. 1163-1173, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1163:LAHIOG>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1173","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a487ee4b0c8380cd67ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, S.J.","contributorId":83301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020852,"text":"70020852 - 1998 - Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:09:14","indexId":"70020852","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p class=\"first last\">Transport of dissolved material in streams and small rivers may be characterized using tracer-dilution methods and solute transport models. Recent studies have quantified stream/substream interactions using models of transient storage. These studies are based on tracer-dilution data obtained during periods of steady flow. We present a modeling framework for the analysis of transient storage in stream systems with unsteady flows. The framework couples a kinematic wave routing model with a solute transport model that includes transient storage. The routing model provides time-varying flows and cross-sectional areas that are used as input to the solute transport model. The modeling framework was used to quantify stream/substream interaction in Huey Creek, an Antarctic stream fed exclusively by glacial meltwater. Analysis of tracer-dilution data indicates that there was substantial interaction between the flowing surface water and the hyporheic (substream) zone. The ratio of storage zone area to stream cross-sectional area (A&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;/A) was &gt;1 in all stream reaches, indicating that the substream area contributing to hyporheic exchange was large relative to stream cross-sectional area. The rate of exchange, as governed by the transient storage exchange coefficient (α), was rapid because of a high stream gradient and porous alluvial materials. Estimates of α generally exceed those determined for other small streams. The high degree of hyporheic exchange supports the hypothesis that weathering reactions within the hyporheos account for observed increases in solute concentration with stream length, as noted in other studies of Antarctic streams.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467958","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., McKnight, D.M., and Andrews, E., 1998, Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow: Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 17, no. 2, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467958.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb44e4b0c8380cd48d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020851,"text":"70020851 - 1998 - Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:24:11.347183","indexId":"70020851","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor","docAbstract":"<div id=\"135495192\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The properties of the tremor wave field at Stromboli are analyzed using data from small-aperture arrays of short-period seismometers deployed on the north flank of the volcano. The seismometers are configured in two semi-circular arrays with radii of 60 and 150 m and a linear array with length of 600 m. The data are analyzed using a spatiotemporal correlation technique specifically designed for the study of the stationary stochastic wave field of Rayleigh and Love waves generated by volcanic activity and by scattering sources distributed within the island. The correlation coefficients derived as a function of frequency for the three components of motion clearly define the dispersion characteristics for both Rayleigh and Love waves. Love and Rayleigh waves contribute 70% and 30%, respectively, of the surface-wave power. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves range from 1000 m/sec at 2 Hz to 350 m/sec at 9 Hz, and those for Love waves range from 800 to 400 m/sec over the same frequency band. These velocities are similar to those measured near Puu Oo on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, although the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves at Stromboli show a stronger dependence on frequency. Such low velocities are consistent with values expected for densely cracked solidified basalt. The dispersion curves are inverted for a velocity model beneath the arrays, assuming those dispersions represent the fundamental modes of Rayleigh and Love waves.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880030653","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B., De Luca, G., Milana, G., Dawson, P., Martini, M., and Scarpa, R., 1998, Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small-aperture array measurements of Strombolian tremor: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 3, p. 653-666, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880030653.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"666","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.109682985862406,\n              38.87565848644624\n            ],\n            [\n              15.109682985862406,\n              38.70332171526812\n            ],\n            [\n              15.360995241721668,\n              38.70332171526812\n            ],\n            [\n              15.360995241721668,\n              38.87565848644624\n            ],\n            [\n              15.109682985862406,\n              38.87565848644624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e44e4b08c986b31882b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Luca, G.","contributorId":88095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Luca","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milana, G.","contributorId":23700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milana","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scarpa, R.","contributorId":64818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarpa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70020845,"text":"70020845 - 1998 - Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization 1. Direct contact between fresh and saltwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70020845","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization 1. Direct contact between fresh and saltwater","docAbstract":"This paper presents a basic study in generalized terms that originates from two needs: (1) to understand the major mechanisms involved in the mineralization of groundwater of the Great Bend Prairie aquifer of Kansas by saltwater originating from a deeper Permian bedrock formation, and (2) to develop simple, robust tools that can readily be used for local assessment and management activities in the salt-affected region. A simplified basic conceptual model is adopted, incorporating two horizontal layers of porous medium which come into contact at a specific location within the model domain. The top layer is saturated with freshwater, and the bottom layer is saturated with saltwater. The paper considers various stages of approximation which can be useful for simplified simulation of the build-up of the transition zone (TZ) between the freshwater and the saltwater. The hierarchy of approximate approaches leads to the development of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) method, which is the major tool used in this study for initial characterization of the development of the TZ. It is shown that the thickness of the TZ is mainly determined by the characteristic dispersivity. The build-up of the TZ is completed after a time period equal to the time needed to advect a fluid particle along the whole extent of the TZ. Potential applications and the effects of natural recharge and pumpage on salinity transport in the domain are discussed and evaluated in the context of demonstrating the practicality of the TSBL approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00056-4","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 1998, Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization 1. Direct contact between fresh and saltwater: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 32, no. 3-4, p. 353-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00056-4.","startPage":"353","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206485,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00056-4"},{"id":229959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecbbe4b0c8380cd49455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021161,"text":"70021161 - 1998 - Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:22.848032","indexId":"70021161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Although the presence of extensive gas hydrate on the Cascadia margin, offshore from the western U.S. and Canada, has been inferred from marine seismic records and pore water chemistry, solid gas hydrate has only been found at one location. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 892, offshore from central Oregon, gas hydrate was recovered close to the sediment-water interface at 2–19 m below the seafloor (mbsf) at 670 m water depth. The gas hydrate occurs as elongated platy crystals or crystal aggregates, mostly disseminated irregularly, with higher concentrations occurring in discrete zones, thin layers, and/or veinlets parallel or oblique to the bedding. A 2- to 3-cm thick massive gas hydrate layer, parallel to bedding, was recovered at ∼ 17 mbsf. Gas from a sample of this layer was composed of both CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S. This sample is the first mixed-gas hydrate of CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S documented in ODP; it also contains ethane and minor amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>. Measured temperatures of the recovered core ranged from 2 to −1.8°C and are 6 to 8 degrees lower than in-situ temperatures. These temperature anomalies were caused by the partial dissociation of the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate during recovery without a pressure core sampler.During this dissociation, toxic levels of H<sub>2</sub>S (δ<sup>34</sup>S, +27.4‰) were released. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the gas hydrate, −64.5 to −67.5‰<sub>(PDB)</sub>, together with δD values of −197 to −199‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate a primarily microbial source for the CH<sub>4</sub>. The δ<sup>18</sup>O value of the hydrate H<sub>2</sub>O is +2.9‰<sub>(SMOW)</sub>, comparable with the experimental fractionation factor for sea-ice. The unusual composition (CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S) and depth distribution (2–19 mbsf) of this gas hydrate indicate mixing between a methane-rich fluid with a pore fluid enriched in sulfide; at this site the former is advecting along an inclined fault into the active sulfate reduction zone. The facts that the CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is primarily confined to the present day active sulfate reduction zone (2–19 mbsf), and that from here down to the BSR depth (19–68 mbsf) the gas hydrate inferred to exist is a ≥99% CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>hydrate, suggest that the mixing of CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and H<sub>2</sub>S is a geologically young process. Because the existence of a mixed CH<sub>4</sub><img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">H<sub>2</sub>S hydrate is indicative of moderate to intense advection of a methane-rich fluid into a near surface active sulfate reduction zone, tectonically active (faulted) margins with organic-rich sediments and moderate to high sedimentation rates are the most likely regions of occurrence. The extension of such a mixed hydrate below the sulfate reduction zone should reflect the time-span of methane advection into the sulfate reduction zone.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1998, Chemistry, isotopic composition, and origin of a methane-hydrogen sulfide hydrate at the Cascadia subduction zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 173-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00013-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229738,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              42.07916277343969\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.72265368371768,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.2919896212175,\n              50.27292720932644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b0e4b0c8380cd4c378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, M.","contributorId":21276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020830,"text":"70020830 - 1998 - Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70020830","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California","docAbstract":"Pre-and post-burn tree mortality rates, size structure, basal area, and ingrowth were determined for four 1.0 ha mixed conifer forest stands in the Log Creek and Tharp's Creek watersheds of Sequoia National Park. Mean annual mortality between 1986 and 1990 was 0.8% for both watersheds. In the fall of 1990, the Tharp's Creek watershed was treated with a prescribed burn. Between 1991 and 1995, mean annual mortality was 1.4% in the unburned Log Creek watershed and 17.2% in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed. A drought from 1987 to 1992 likely contributed to the mortality increase in the Log Creek watershed. The high mortality in the Tharp's Creek watershed was primarily related to crown scorch from the 1990 fire and was modeled with logistic regression for white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. and Glend.]) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana [Dougl.]). From 1989 to 1994, basal area declined an average of 5% per year in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed, compared to average annual increases of less than 1% per year in the unburned Log Creek watershed and in the Tharp's watershed prior to burning. Post-burn size structure was dramatically changed in the Tharp's Creek stands: 75% of trees ???50 cm and 25% of trees >50 cm were killed by the fire.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0015749X","usgsCitation":"Mutch, L., and Parsons, D., 1998, Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California: Forest Science, v. 44, no. 3, p. 341-355.","startPage":"341","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b7ce4b0c8380cd6f5a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mutch, L.S.","contributorId":103227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutch","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, D.J.","contributorId":47721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020829,"text":"70020829 - 1998 - Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T09:48:58","indexId":"70020829","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"Pinal Creek, Arizona receives an inflow of ground water with high dissolved inorganic carbon (57-75 mg/l) and low pH (5.8-6.3). There is an observed increase of in-stream pH from approximately 6.0-7.8 over the 3 km downstream of the point of groundwater inflow. We hypothesized that CO2 gas-exchange was the most important factor causing the pH increase in this stream-aquifer system. An existing transport model, for coupled ground water-surface water systems (OTIS), was modified to include carbonate equilibria and CO2 degassing, used to simulate alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), and pH in Pinal Creek. Because of the non-linear relation between pH and C(T), the modified transport model used the numerical iteration method to solve the non-linearity. The transport model parameters were determined by the injection of two tracers, bromide and propane. The resulting simulations of alkalinity, C(T) and pH reproduced, without fitting, the overall trends in downstream concentrations. A multi-parametric sensitivity analysis (MPSA) was used to identify the relative sensitivities of the predictions to six of the physical and chemical parameters used in the transport model. MPSA results implied that C(T) and pH in stream water were controlled by the mixing of ground water with stream water and CO2 degassing. The relative importance of these two processes varied spatially depending on the hydrologic conditions, such as stream flow velocity and whether a reach gained or lost stream water caused by the interaction with the ground water. The coupled transport model with CO2 degassing and generalized sensitivity analysis presented in this study can be applied to evaluate carbon transport and pH in other coupled stream-ground water systems.An existing transport model for coupled groundwater-surface water systems was modified to include carbonate equilibria and CO2 degassing. The modified model was used to simulate alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and pH in Pinal Creek. The model used the numerical iteration method to solve the nonlinear relation between pH and CT. A multi-parametric sensitivity analysis (MPSA) was used to identify the relative sensitivities of the predictions to six of the physical and chemical parameters used in the transport model. MPSA results implied that CT and pH in the stream water were controlled by the mixing of groundwater with stream water and CO2 degassing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., Hulseapple, S., Conklin, M., and Harvey, J., 1998, Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 209, no. 1-4, p. 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bc0e4b0c8380cd6f7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, J.","contributorId":42741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hulseapple, S.M.","contributorId":10945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulseapple","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conklin, M.H.","contributorId":82875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021154,"text":"70021154 - 1998 - Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:22:45.857956","indexId":"70021154","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model","docAbstract":"<p>In this study a stochastic approach to calibration of an orographic precipitation model (Rhea, 1978) was applied in the Gunnison River Basin of south-western Colorado. The stochastic approach to model calibration was used to determine: (1) the model parameter uncertainty and sensitivity; (2) the grid-cell resolution to run the model (10 or 5 km grids); (3) the model grid rotation increment; and (4) the basin subdivision by elevation band for parameter definition. Results from the stochastic calibration are location and data dependent. Uncertainty, sensitivity and range in the final parameter sets were found to vary by grid-cell resolution and elevation. Ten km grids were found to be a more robust model configuration than 5 km grids. Grid rotation increment, tested using only 10 km grids, indicated increments of less than 10 degrees to be superior. Basin subdivision into two elevation bands was found to produce 'optimal' results for both 10 and 5 km grids.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., 1998, Stochastic calibration of an orographic percipitation model: Hydrological Processes, v. 12, no. 4, p. 613-634.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b984be4b08c986b31bf66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.E.","contributorId":54253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021152,"text":"70021152 - 1998 - Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:43:36.905472","indexId":"70021152","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiogenic heat production within the sedimentary section of the Gulf of Mexico basin is a significant source of heat. Radiogenic heat should be included in thermal models of this basin (and perhaps other sedimentary basins). We calculate that radiogenic heat may contribute up to 26% of the overall surface heat-flow density for an area in south Texas. Based on measurements of the radioactive decay rate of a-particles, potassium concentration, and bulk density, we calculate radiogenic heat production for Stuart City (Lower Cretaceous) limestones, Wilcox (Eocene) sandstones and mudrocks, and Frio (Oligocene) sandstones and mudrocks from south Texas. Heat production rates range from a low of 0.07 ±0.01 µW/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;in clean Stuart City limestones to 2.21 ±0.24 µW/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;in Frio mudrocks. Mean heat production rates for Wilcox sandstones, Frio sandstones, Wilcox mudrocks, and Frio mudrocks are 0.88, 1.19, 1.50, and 1.72 µW/m3, respectively. In general, the mudrocks produce about 30-40% more heat than stratigraphically equivalent sandstones. Frio rocks produce about 15% more heat than Wilcox rocks per unit volume of clastic rock (sandstone/mudrock). A one-dimensional heat- conduction model indicates that this radiogenic heat source has a significant effect on subsurface temperatures. If a thermal model were calibrated to observed temperatures by optimizing basal heat-flow density and ignoring sediment heat production, the extrapolated present-day temperature of a deeply buried source rock would be overestimated.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mckenna, T.E., and Sharp, J.M., 1998, Radiogenic heat production in sedimentary rocks of the Gulf of Mexico basin, south Texas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 82, no. 3, p. 484-496, https://doi.org/10.1306/1D9BC449-172D-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"496","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93f9e4b0c8380cd81120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mckenna, Thomas E. tmckenna@usgs.gov","contributorId":4067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mckenna","given":"Thomas","email":"tmckenna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, J. M. Jr.","contributorId":55989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020826,"text":"70020826 - 1998 - The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T15:08:17","indexId":"70020826","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>Landslides are common in sttep mountainous areas of Puerto Rico where mean annual rainfall and the frequency of intense storms are high. Each year, landslides cause extensive damage to property and coccasionally result in loss of life. Average population density is high, 422 people/km2, and is increasing. This increase in population density is accompanied by growing stress on the natural environment and physical infrastructure. As a result, human populations are more vulnerable to landslide hazards. The Blanco, Cibuco, and Coamo study areas range in surface area from 276 to 350 km2 and represent the climatologic, geographic, and geologic conditions that typify Puerto Rico. Maps of recent landslides developed from 1:20 000-scale aerial photographs, in combination with a computerized geographic information system, were used to evaluate the frequency and distribution of shallow landslides in these areas. Several types of landslides were documented-rainfall-triggered debris flows, shallow soil slips, and slumps were most abundant. Hillslopes in the study area that have been anthropogenically modified, exceed 12?? in gradient, and greater than 300 m in elevation, and face the east-northeast, are most prone to landsliding. A set of simplified matrices representing geographic conditions in the three study areas was developed and provides a basis for the estimation of the spatial controls on the frequency of landslides in Puerto Rico. this approach is an example of an analysis of the frequency of landslides that is computationally simple,. and therefore, may be easily transferable to other settings.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00023-3","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Torres-Sanchez, A., 1998, The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico: Geomorphology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 309-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00023-3.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00023-3"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac2ae4b08c986b3232f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres-Sanchez, A. J.","contributorId":44198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres-Sanchez","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020697,"text":"70020697 - 1998 - Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020697","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications","docAbstract":"Using the developed theory and modified Springer-Gelhar (SG) model, an identification method is proposed for estimating hydraulic conductivity from multi-level slug tests. The computerized algorithm calculates hydraulic conductivity from both monotonic and oscillatory well responses obtained using a double-packer system. Field verification of the method was performed at a specially designed fully penetrating well of 0.1-m diameter with a 10-m screen in a sand and gravel alluvial aquifer (MSEA site, Shelton, Nebraska). During well installation, disturbed core samples were collected every 0.6 m using a split-spoon sampler. Vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity were produced on the basis of grain-size analysis of the disturbed core samples. These results closely correlate with the vertical profile of horizontal hydraulic conductivity obtained by interpreting multi-level slug test responses using the modified SG model. The identification method was applied to interpret the response from 474 slug tests in 156 locations at the MSEA site. More than 60% of responses were oscillatory. The method produced a good match to experimental data for both oscillatory and monotonic responses using an automated curve matching procedure. The proposed method allowed us to drastically increase the efficiency of each well used for aquifer characterization and to process massive arrays of field data. Recommendations generalizing this experience to massive application of the proposed method are developed.Using the developed theory and modified Springer-Gelhar (SG) model, an identification method is proposed for estimating hydraulic conductivity from multi-level slug tests. The computerized algorithm calculates hydraulic conductivity from both monotonic and oscillatory well responses obtained using a double-packer system. Field verification of the method was performed at a specially designed fully penetrating well of 0.1-m diameter with a 10-m screen in a sand and gravel alluvial aquifer (MSEA site, Shelton, Nebraska). During well installation, disturbed core samples were collected every 0.6 m using a split-spoon sampler. Vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity were produced on the basis of grain-size analysis of the disturbed core samples. These results closely correlate with the vertical profile of horizontal hydraulic conductivity obtained by interpreting multi-level slug test responses using the modified SG model. The identification method was applied to interpret the response from 474 slug tests in 156 locations at the MSEA site. More than 60% of responses were oscillatory. The method produced a good match to experimental data for both oscillatory and monotonic responses using an automated curve matching procedure. The proposed method allowed us to drastically increase the efficiency of each well used for aquifer characterization and to process massive arrays of field data. Recommendations generalizing this experience to massive application of the proposed method are developed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zlotnik, V., and McGuire, V., 1998, Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 204, no. 1-4, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb7e4b0c8380cd710c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zlotnik, V.A.","contributorId":102660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, V. L. 0000-0002-3962-4158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":94702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021149,"text":"70021149 - 1998 - Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T13:02:42.052373","indexId":"70021149","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id1\"><p id=\"SP0005\">More than 36,000 km of Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profiles have been collected in China since 1958. However, the results of these profiles are not well known in the West due to the language barrier. In this paper, we summarize the crustal structure of China with a new contour map of crustal thickness, nine representative crustal columns, and maps showing profile locations, average crustal velocity, and P<sub>n</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity. The most remarkable aspect of the crustal structure of China is the well known 70+ km thickness of the crust of the Tibetan Plateau. The thick (45–70 km) crust of western China is separated from the thinner (30–45 km) crust of eastern China by the north-south trending seismic belt (105°E). The average crustal velocity of China ranges from 6.15 to 6.45 km/s, indicating a felsic-to-intermediate bulk crustal composition. Upper mantle (P<sub>n</sub>) velocities are 8.0 ± 0.2 km/s, equal to the global continental average. We interpret these results in terms of the most recent thermo-tectonic events that have modified the crust. In much of eastern China, Cenozoic crustal extension has produced a thin crust with a low average crustal velocity, similar to western Europe and the Basin and Range Province, western USA. In western China, Mesozoic and Cenozoic arc-continent and continent-continent collisions have led to crustal growth and thickening. Inferences on the process of crustal thickening are provided by the deep crustal velocity structure as determined by DSS profiles and other seismological studies. A high velocity (7.0–7.4 km/s) lower-crustal layer has been reported in western China only beneath the southernmost Tibetan Plateau. We identify this high-velocity layer as the cold lower crust of the subducting Indian plate. As the Indian crust is injected northward into the Tibetan lower crust, it heats and assimilates by partial melting, a process that results in a reduction in the seismic velocity of the lower crust in the central and northern Tibetan Plateau.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00287-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Li, S., and Mooney, W.D., 1998, Crustal structure of China from deep seismic sounding profiles: Tectonophysics, v. 288, no. 1-4, p. 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00287-4.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58291],[120.18205,51.64357],[120.73819,51.96412],[120.72579,52.51623],[120.17709,52.75389],[121.00308,53.2514],[122.24575,53.43173],[123.57151,53.4588],[125.06821,53.16104],[125.94635,52.7928],[126.5644,51.78426],[126.93916,51.35389],[127.28746,50.7398],[127.65741,49.76027]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"China\"}}]}","volume":"288","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fceae4b0c8380cd4e4ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021144,"text":"70021144 - 1998 - Highly precise Re-Os dating for molybdenite using alkaline fusion and NTIMS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021144","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly precise Re-Os dating for molybdenite using alkaline fusion and NTIMS","docAbstract":"The technique described in this paper represents the modification and combination of two previously existing methods, alkaline fusion and negative thermal ion mass spectrometry (NTIMS). We have used this technique to analyze repeatedly a homogeneous molybdenite powder used as a reference standard in our laboratory. Analyses were made over a period of 18 months, using four different calibrations of two different spike solutions. The age of this standard reproduces at a level of ?? 0.13%. Each individual age analysis carries an uncertainty of about 0.4% that includes the uncertainty in the decay constant for 187Re. This new level of resolution has allowed us to recognize real differences in ages for two grain-size populations of molybdenite from some Archean samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Talanta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00198-7","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Markey, R., Stein, H., and Morgan, J., 1998, Highly precise Re-Os dating for molybdenite using alkaline fusion and NTIMS: Talanta, v. 45, no. 5, p. 935-946, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00198-7.","startPage":"935","endPage":"946","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00198-7"}],"volume":"45","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3149e4b0c8380cd5ddc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markey, R.","contributorId":29982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markey","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, H.","contributorId":93654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, J.","contributorId":6216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020825,"text":"70020825 - 1998 - Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:39:06","indexId":"70020825","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"A simulation-optimization model has been developed for the optimal management of the city of Santa Barbara's water resources during a drought. The model, which links groundwater simulation with linear programming, has a planning horizon of 5 years. The objective is to minimize the cost of water supply subject to: water demand constraints, hydraulic head constraints to control seawater intrusion, and water capacity constraints. The decision variables are montly water deliveries from surface water and groundwater. The state variables are hydraulic heads. The drought of 1947-51 is the city's worst drought on record, and simulated surface-water supplies for this period were used as a basis for testing optimal management of current water resources under drought conditions. The simulation-optimization model was applied using three reservoir operation rules. In addition, the model's sensitivity to demand, carry over [the storage of water in one year for use in the later year(s)], head constraints, and capacity constraints was tested.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 1998, Water-resources optimization model for Santa Barbara, California: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 124, no. 5, p. 252-263, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1998)124:5(252)"}],"volume":"124","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcedfe4b08c986b32e5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021138,"text":"70021138 - 1998 - Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T07:41:30","indexId":"70021138","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determined the role of the hyporheic zone (the subsurface zone where stream water and shallow groundwater mix) in enhancing microbially mediated oxidation of dissolved manganese (to form manganese precipitates) in a drainage basin contaminated by copper mining. The fate of manganese is of overall importance to water quality in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona, because manganese reactions affect the transport of trace metals. The basin-scale role of the hyporheic zone is difficult to quantify because stream-tracer studies do not always reliably characterize the cumulative effects of the hyporheic zone. This study determined cumulative effects of hyporheic reactions in Pinal Creek basin by characterizing manganese uptake at several spatial scales (stream-reach scale, hyporheic-flow-path scale, and sediment-grain scale). At the stream-reach scale a one-dimensional stream-transport model (including storage zones to represent hyporheic flow paths) was used to determine a reach-averaged time constant for manganese uptake in hyporheic zones, 1/λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>, of 1.3 hours, which was somewhat faster but still similar to manganese uptake time constants that were measured directly in centimeter-scale hyporheic flow paths (1/λ</span><sub>h</sub><span>= 2.6 hours), and in laboratory batch experiments using streambed sediment (1/λ = 2.7 hours). The modeled depths of subsurface storage zones (</span><i>d<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4–17 cm) and modeled residence times of water in storage zones (</span><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 3–12 min) were both consistent with direct measurements in hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>d<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0–15 cm,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>t<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1–25 min). There was also good agreement between reach-scale modeling and direct measurements of the percentage removal of dissolved manganese in hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>f<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 8.9%, and</span><i>f<sub>h</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 9.3%rpar;. Manganese uptake experiments in the laboratory using sediment from Pinal Creek demonstrated (through comparison of poisoned and unpoisoned treatments) that the manganese removal process was enhanced by microbially mediated oxidation. The cumulative effect of hyporheic exchange in Pinal Creek basin was to remove approximately 20% of the dissolved manganese flowing out of the drainage basin. Our results illustrate that the cumulative significance of reactive uptake in the hyporheic zone depends on the balance between chemical reaction rates, hyporheic porewater residence time, and turnover of streamflow through hyporheic flow paths. The similarity between the hyporheic reaction timescale (1/λ</span><sub>s</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 1.3 hours), and the hyporheic porewater residence timescale (</span><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 8 min) ensured that there was adequate time for the reaction to progress. Furthermore, it was the similarity between the turnover length for stream water flow through hyporheic flow paths (</span><i>L<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= stream velocity/storage-zone exchange coefficient ≈ 1.3 km) and the length of Pinal Creek (</span><i>L</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 7 km), which ensured that all stream water passed through hyporheic flow paths several times. As a means to generalize our findings to other sites where similar types of hydrologic and chemical information are available, we suggest a cumulative significance index for hyporheic reactions,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= λ</span><sub><i>s</i></sub><i>t<sub>s</sub></i><i>L</i><span>/</span><i>L</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(dimensionless); higher values indicate a greater potential for hyporheic reactions to influence geochemical mass balance. Our experience in Pinal Creek basin suggests that values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>R<sub>s</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 0.2 characterize systems where hyporheic reactions are likely to influence geochemical mass balance at the drainage-basin scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR03606","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J.W., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale geochemical mass balance: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 4, p. 623-636, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"636","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d7e4b0c8380cd50fb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021137,"text":"70021137 - 1998 - Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021137","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer","docAbstract":"Intrinsic bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in anaerobic aquifers previously has not been considered feasible, due, in large part, to 1) the production of vinyl chloride during microbial reductive dechlorination of higher chlorinated contaminants and 2) the apparent poor biodegradability of vinyl chloride under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a combination of field geochemical analyses and laboratory radiotracer ([1,2-14C] vinyl chloride) experiments was utilized to assess the potential for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in an Fe(III)-reducing, anaerobic aquifer. Microcosm experiments conducted under Fe(III)-reducing conditions with material from the Fe(III)-reducing, chlorinated-ethene contaminated aquifer demonstrated significant oxidation of [1,2-14C] vinyl chloride to 14CO2 with no detectable production of ethene or other reductive dehalogenation products. Rates of degradation derived from the microcosm experiments (0.9-1.3% d-1) were consistent with field-estimated rates (0.03-0.2% d-1) of apparent vinyl chloride degradation. Field estimates of apparent vinyl chloride biodegradation were calculated using two distinct approaches; 1) a solute dispersion model and 2) a mass balance assessment. These findings demonstrate that degradation under Fe(III) reducing conditions can be an environmentally significant mechanism for intrinsic bioremediation of vinyl chloride in anaerobic ground-water systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Wilson, J., 1998, Field and laboratory evidence for intrinsic biodegradation of vinyl chloride contamination in a Fe(III)-reducing aquifer: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 31, no. 1-2, p. 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2.","startPage":"111","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(97)00058-2"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fa3e4b0c8380cd53975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021135,"text":"70021135 - 1998 - Photometric studies of δ Scuti stars. I. IP Virginis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-18T16:17:33","indexId":"70021135","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3203,"text":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photometric studies of δ Scuti stars. I. IP Virginis","docAbstract":"<p>We report 15 new times of maximum light for the &delta; Scuti star IP Virginis (formerly known as SA 106‐1024). An analysis of all times of maximum light indicates that IP Vir has been decreasing in period at a constant rate of &minus;<span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> days day<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Evidence is also presented that IP Vir is a double‐mode variable with a period ratio of <span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00002.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00002.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> . This period ratio predicts a [Fe/H] value of &minus;0.3. From photometric (<i>uvby</i>&beta;) observations, we find a foreground reddening of <span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00003.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00003.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> .008 mag and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = +0.05. It is shown that [Fe/H] = &minus;0.3 is most likely the correct value. Intrinsic <span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00004.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00004.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> ‐ and <i>c</i><sub>1</sub>‐values, plotted in a model atmosphere grid, indicate a mean effective temperature, <span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00005.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00005.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> K, and a mean surface gravity, <span class=\"jstor-math NLM_tex-math\" data-img-url=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00006.gif\"><img class=\"mathImg\" src=\"http://www.jstor.org/literatum/publisher/jstor/journals/content/publastrsocipaci/1998/pasp.1998.110.issue-746/316156/production/images/eqs/eq-00006.gif\" alt=\"\" /></span> . All of these physical parameters support Landolt's initial conclusion that IP Vir is an ordinary &delta; Sct star.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Astronomical Socety of the Pacific","doi":"10.1086/316156","issn":"00046280","usgsCitation":"Joner, M.D., Hintz, E.G., and Collier, M.W., 1998, Photometric studies of δ Scuti stars. I. IP Virginis: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, v. 110, no. 746, p. 451-457, https://doi.org/10.1086/316156.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"457","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/316156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"746","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a2ee4b0c8380cd78d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joner, Michael D.","contributorId":98488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hintz, Eric G.","contributorId":26837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintz","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collier, Matthew W. mcollier@usgs.gov","contributorId":5535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Matthew","email":"mcollier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021134,"text":"70021134 - 1998 - Radio-tracking manatees from land and space: tag design, implementation, and lessons learned from long-term study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021134","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-tracking manatees from land and space: tag design, implementation, and lessons learned from long-term study","docAbstract":"West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) were tracked along the Atlantic coast of Florida and Georgia (N = 83 manatees, n = 439 tag deployments, 1986-1996) and in eastern Puerto Rico (N = 8, n = 43, 1992-1996) using conventional and satellite-based radio-telemetry systems. A floating radio-tag, attached by a flexible tether to a padded belt around the base of the tail, enabled us to track manatees in saltwater environments. The tag incorporated VHF (very high frequency) and ultrasonic transmitters for field tracking and tag recovery, and an Argos satellite-monitored transmitter for remote tracking. We located each animal in the field about twice per week, received more than 60 000 good-quality Argos locations, and recovered tags in over 90% of deployments. The tag was designed to detach from the belt when entangled to prevent injury or drowning, and this often led to premature termination of tracking bouts. We had considerable success, however, in retagging belted manatees without recapture (97% of 392 retagging events). Most individuals were radio-tagged more than once (median = 3.0, maximum = 43) for a median total duration of 7.5 months (maximum = 6.8 yr). Data obtained through Argos have been valuable in addressing questions relating to long-distance movements, site fidelity, and identification of high-use areas. Fine-scale analyses of manatee habitat use and movements may require restricting the data set to the highest location quality or developing new analytical techniques to incorporate locational error. Field tracking provided useful ancillary data on life-history parameters, but sample sizes were small and survival estimates imprecise. Modification of the existing tag design to include Global Positioning System (GPS) functionality, with its finer spatial and temporal resolution, will offer new opportunities to address critical research and management problems facing this endangered species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Technology Society Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Marine Technology Soc","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, C.J., Bonde, R., and Reid, J., 1998, Radio-tracking manatees from land and space: tag design, implementation, and lessons learned from long-term study: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 32, no. 1, p. 18-29.","startPage":"18","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93a4e4b0c8380cd80f4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, C. J.","contributorId":79826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020824,"text":"70020824 - 1998 - Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:23:59","indexId":"70020824","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lesser snow geese (</span><i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) of the Western Canadian Arctic Population feed intensively for 2-4 weeks on the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea in Canada and Alaska at the beginning of their autumn migration. Petroleum leasing proposed for the Alaskan portion of the staging area on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) could affect staging habitats and their use by geese. Therefore we studied availability, distribution, and use by snow geese of tall and russett cotton-grass (</span><i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i><span> and </span><i>E. russeolum</i><span>, respectively) feeding habitats on the ANWR. We studied selection of feeding habitats at 3 spatial scales (feeding sites [0.06 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>], feeding patches [ca. 100 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>], and feeding areas [&gt;1 ha]) during 1990-93. We used logistic regression analysis to discriminate differences in soil moisture and vegetation between 1,548 feeding sites where snow geese exploited individual cotton-grass plants and 1,143 unexploited sites at 61 feeding patches in 1990. Feeding likelihood increased with greater soil moisture and decreased where nonforage species were present. We tested the logistic regression model in 1991 by releasing human-imprinted snow geese into 4 10 × 20-m enclosed plots where plant communities had been mapped, habitats sampled, and feeding probabilities calculated. Geese selected more feeding sites per square meter in areas of predicted high quality feeding habitat (feeding probability ≥ 0.6) than in medium (feeding probability = 0.3-0.59) or poor (feeding probability &lt; 0.3) quality habitat (P &lt; 0.0001). Geese increasingly used medium quality areas and spent more time feeding as trials progressed and forage was presumably reduced in high quality habitats. We examined relationships between underground biomass of plants, feeding probability, and surface microrelief at 474 0.06- m</span><sup>2</sup><span> sites in 20 thermokarst pits in 1992. Feeding probability was correlated with the percentage of underground biomass composed of cotton-grass (r = 0.56). Feeding probability and relative availability of cotton-grass forage were highest in flooded soils along the ecotone of flooded and upland habitats. In 1992, we also used the logistic regression model to estimate availability of high quality feeding sites on 192 80 × 90-m plots that were randomly located on 24 study areas. A mean of 1.6% of the area sampled in each plot was classified as high quality feeding habitat at 23 of the study areas. Relative availability of high quality sites was highest in troughs, thermokarst pits, and water tracks because saturated soils in those microreliefs were dominated by cotton-grass. Relative availability of high quality sites was lower in saturated soils of basins (low-centered polygons, wet meadows, and strangmoor) because that microrelief was dominated by </span><i>Carex</i><span> spp. Most (63%) of the saturated area on the ANWR coastal plain was in basins. We examined distribution of feeding patches relative to microrelief in 49 snow goose feeding areas in 1993. Only 2.5% of the tundra in each feeding area was exploited by snow geese. Snow geese preferentially fed in thermokarst pits, water tracks, and troughs, and avoided basins and uplands. Feeding areas had more thermokarst pit but less basin microrelief than adjacent randomly-selected areas. Thermokarst pits and water tracks occurred most frequently in regions of the coastal plain where geese were observed most often during aerial surveys (1982-93). Microrelief influenced selection of feeding patches and feeding areas and may have affected snow goose distribution on the ANWR. Potential feeding patches were widely distributed but composed a small percentage (≤2.5%) of the tundra landscape and were highly interspersed with less suitable habitat. The Western Canadian Arctic Population probably used a large staging area on the Beaufort Sea coastal plain because snow geese exploited a spatially and temporally heterogeneous resource.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., and Robertson, D.G., 1998, Forage site selection by lesser snow geese during autumn staging on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Wildlife Monographs, v. 138, p. 1-40.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"138","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f2e4b0c8380cd5446a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}