{"pageNumber":"1258","pageRowStart":"31425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46734,"records":[{"id":6776,"text":"fs22196 - 1997 - Water-quality trends in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin using sediment cores from reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T18:16:35","indexId":"fs22196","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"221-96","title":"Water-quality trends in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin using sediment cores from reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality trends reflect the relation between water quality and human activities, chronicling changes in concentrations of environmental contaminants, introduction of new contaminants, and successful efforts in environmental pollution remediation. Historical data available for analyzing trends often have severe limitations, from questionable accuracy to unknown sampling and analytic methodologies. Where data are unavailable or have such limitations, water-quality trends sometimes can be reconstructed using sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the findings of a study to assess historical changes in surface-water quality in the Rio Grande Basin (known as the R&iacute;o Bravo Basin in Mexico) by analyzing changes in sediment chemistry in cores from three reservoirs: Elephant Butte Reservoir, Amistad International Reservoir, and Falcon International Reservoir (fig. 1). Sediments that erode from the land surface are transported by tributaries into the Rio Grande/R&iacute;o Bravo. Metals and some persistent pesticides and industrial organic compounds sorb to these sediments, which eventually accumulate at the bottom of the reservoirs or are transported to the Gulf of Mexico. Although use of reservoir cores has limitations&mdash;for example, the cores do not record trends in non-persistent compounds&mdash;in many cases the data provide a partial historical record of water quality.</p>\n<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began full implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program (Leahy and others, 1990). Also in 1991, the State of Texas established the Clean Rivers Program (CRP) administered by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC). The coring study reported here was a collaborative effort between the NAWQA Program and the CRP Rio Grande Border Environmental Assessment Team, with additional funding support from the El Paso County Water Improvement District No. 1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs22196","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Mahler, B., and Callender, E.C., 1997, Water-quality trends in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin using sediment cores from reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 221-96, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs22196.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0221/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":795,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/riograndefs.pdf","text":"Report-reprint","size":"738.89 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.0400390625,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3369140625,\n              36.8092847020594\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.3701171875,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5244140625,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8984375,\n              31.615965936476076\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.3056640625,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              27.994401411046173\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              27.137368359795584\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85546875,\n              26.27371402440643\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3388671875,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.26171875,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.865234375,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16113281249999,\n              27.410785702577023\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              27.761329874505233\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.841796875,\n              28.420391085674304\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5888671875,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.720703125,\n              30.86451022625836\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9296875,\n              31.989441837922904\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.9736328125,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.3251953125,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.720703125,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.3251953125,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.69921875,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa46c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward C.","contributorId":40208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24656,"text":"ofr97354 - 1997 - Topographic data sets for Texas by river basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T17:26:43","indexId":"ofr97354","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-354","title":"Topographic data sets for Texas by river basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr97354","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Tan, L., 1997, Topographic data sets for Texas by river basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-354, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 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,{"id":23333,"text":"ofr9797 - 1997 - Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T14:41:28.882276","indexId":"ofr9797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-97","title":"Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>Alameda County is located at the northern end of the Diablo Range of Central California. It is bounded on the north by the south flank of Mount Diablo, one of the highest peaks in the Bay Area, reaching an elevation of 1173 meters (3,849 ft). San Francisco Bay forms the western boundary, the San Joaquin Valley borders it on the east and an arbitrary line from the Bay into the Diablo Range forms the southern boundary. Alameda is one of the nine Bay Area counties tributary to San Francisco Bay. Most of the country is mountainous with steep rugged topography. Alameda County is covered by twenty-eight 7.5' topographic Quadrangles which are shown on the index map.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Quaternary deposits in Alameda County comprise three distinct depositional environments. One, forming a transgressive sequence of alluvial fan and fan-delta facies, is mapped in the western one-third of the county. The second, forming only alluvial fan facies, is mapped in the Livermore Valley and San Joaquin Valley in the eastern part of the county. The third, forming a combination of Eolian dune and estuarine facies, is restricted to the Alameda Island area in the northwestern corner of the county.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9797","usgsCitation":"Helley, E.J., and Graymer, R., 1997, Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-97, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9797.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files","numberOfPages":"13","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284223,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9797.jpg"},{"id":1693,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404091,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284217,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1_readme.txt"},{"id":284218,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqmap.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284220,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqexpl.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/alqps.tar.Z"},{"id":284221,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1.tar.Z"},{"id":284219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqgeo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52632,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/of97-97.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Stateplane projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County, Contra Costa County, San Francisco County, San Joaquin County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, Stanislaus County","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range, Mount Diablo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,37.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helley, E. 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,{"id":23334,"text":"ofr9798 - 1997 - Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr9798","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-98","title":"Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9798","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Helley, E.J., and Graymer, R., 1997, Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-98, 9 p. pamphlet, 28 cm.; 1 map [sheet 1], 36 x 28.5 in.; 1 explanation sheet [sheet 2], 20 x 15 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9798.","productDescription":"9 p. pamphlet, 28 cm.; 1 map [sheet 1], 36 x 28.5 in.; 1 explanation sheet [sheet 2], 20 x 15 in.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":551,"text":"San Francisco Bay Region Geology and Geologic Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52633,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Stateplane California Zone 3","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helley, E. J.","contributorId":76330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25880,"text":"wri964313 - 1997 - Nutrients and pesticides in ground water of the Ozark Plateaus in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri964313","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4313","title":"Nutrients and pesticides in ground water of the Ozark Plateaus in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A total of 229 ground-water samples were collected from 215 sites as part of the Ozark Plateaus study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These samples were collected from 1993 through 1995 using a network of springs and wells with three scale-dependent components. The first component, the study-unit survey, consisted of 99 randomly selected springs and domestic wells in the Springfield Plateau and Ozark aquifers. The second component, two land-use studies, consisted of 42 springs and domestic wells in a poultry-dominated agricultural area and 40 springs and domestic wells in a cattle-dominated agricultural area overlying the Springfield Plateau aquifer. The third component, the small-watershed study, consisted of 4 springs, 18 domestic wells, and 11 monitoring wells in a small basin within the poultry land-use study area. Samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, tritium, and 88 pesticides and metabolites.The water-quality data from these samples were analyzed with descriptive and statistical methods. \r\n\r\nNitrite plus nitrate, which was detected more often and in greater concentrations than any of the other nutrients, ranged from less than 0.05 to 25 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations positively correlated to percent agricultural land use around each site. Median nitrite plus nitrate concentrations generally were greater in samples from springs than in samples from wells. Concentrations of nitrite, ammonia, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen were also affected by land use and also by concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the ground water. Concentrations of phosphorus and orthophosphate probably were affected by land use and also by phosphorus solubility. \r\n\r\nPesticides were detected in 80 of 229 samples from 73 of 215 sites. A total of 20 pesticides were detected with a maximum of 5 pesticides detected in any 1 sample. The most commonly detected pesticides were tebuthiuron, atrazine, prometon, desethylatrazine, and simazine. Maximum concentrations ranged from 0.003 to 1.0 microgram per liter. The occurrence and distribution of pesticides were related to land use. Percent agricultural land use was greater for samples with pesticides detected than for samples with no pesticides detected. Pesticides were detected more often in samples from springs than in samples from wells. The occurrence of pesticides also was related to seasonality and chemical characteristics, such as solubility and persistence, of the compounds.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964313","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J.C., 1997, Nutrients and pesticides in ground water of the Ozark Plateaus in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4313, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964313.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri96-4313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4313.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31699,"text":"ofr96631 - 1997 - Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Middle Minnesota - Little Cottonwood River Basin, south-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T23:21:09.610275","indexId":"ofr96631","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-631","title":"Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Middle Minnesota - Little Cottonwood River Basin, south-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Data that describe the physical characteristics of stream subbasins upstream from selected sites on streams in the Middle Minnesota-Little Cottonwood River Basin, located in south-central Minnesota are presented in this report. The physical characteristics are the drainage area of the subbasin, the percentage area of the subbasin covered only by lakes, the percentage area of the subbasin covered by both lakes and wetlands, the main-channel length, and the main-channel slope. Stream sites include outlets of subbasins of at least 5 square miles, outfalls of sewage treatment plants, and locations of U.S. Geological Survey low-flow, high-flow, and continuous-record gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr96631","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Sanocki, C.A., 1997, Physical characteristics of stream subbasins in the Middle Minnesota - Little Cottonwood River Basin, south-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-631, Document: 13 p.; Plate: 43.00 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96631.","productDescription":"Document: 13 p.; Plate: 43.00 × 31.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403571,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":28367,"text":"wri944206 - 1997 - Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of pipe-outlet terracing on quantity and quality of surface runoff and ground water in a small carbonate-rock basin near Churchtown, Pennsylvania, 1983-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T21:49:26.384725","indexId":"wri944206","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4206","title":"Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of pipe-outlet terracing on quantity and quality of surface runoff and ground water in a small carbonate-rock basin near Churchtown, Pennsylvania, 1983-89","docAbstract":"Terracing effects on surface-runoff and ground- water quantity and  quality were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation  with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, during 1983-89  at a 23.1-acre agricultural site in Lancaster County, Pa., as part of the  1982 Rural Clean Water Program. The site, underlain by carbonate rock,  was primarily corn and alfalfa fields; the median slope was 6 percent.Normal precipitation is about 42 inches per year. Average annual runoff  was 11 percent and ground- water recharge was 37 percent of precipitation.Runoff quantity, suspended-sediment, and nutrient data, ground-water  level and nutrient data, and precipitation-quantity data were collected  for 21 months prior to, and 58 months after, pipe-outlet terrace  construction. Data were analyzed by use of graphical, regression,  covariate, cluster, Mann- Whitney Rank Sum test, and double-mass curvetechniques.  Terracing changed runoff characteristics. Storm characteristics were  similar throughout the study period. However, after terracing, storms  producing less than 0.4 inch of precipitation rarely produced runoff.  Total-storm discharge as a function of precipitation did not change  significantly throughout the range of runoff-producing storms after  terracing. Multiple-discharge peaks on hydrographs before terracing did  not occur after terracing when hydrographs reflected the stepwisedraining of each terrace through the pipe outlet. After an initial 2-year period of terrace stabilization, suspended-sediment yield in runoff decreased significantly as a function  of runoff. This result was expected because terracing decreased runoff  energy, and because terrace ponding allowed time for sediment redeposition.  Nitrate plus nitrite yields increased proportionally throughout the  range of runoff during the post-terracing period relative to the  pre- terracing period. After terracing, a combination of increased soil  contact time and increased nitrification caused by wetter soils is  believed to have increased nitrate concentrations in runoff.  No significant change was found in yields of total nitrogen, ammonia  plus organic nitrogen, or total phosphorus relative to runoff before and  after terracing. Limited data suggest that fine-sediment particles (less  than 0.62 micrometers in diameter), which continued to be discharged from  the site, transported most of the phosphorus. Terracing did not significantly change the quantity of recharge to  the carbonate aquifer. The mean annual water-table altitude did not  change after terracing. Nitrate concentrations of ground water increased  significantly at four of the site wells after terracing, probably because  of increased contact time of the recharge with nutrient-rich soils in  ponded terrace water. Qualitative evidence indicates that large decreases  in nutrient requirements and nitrogen applications because of a crop  change from corn to alfalfa upgradient of two site wells resulted in  either no detectable change or a significant decrease in nitrate  concentrations of ground water after terracing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944206","usgsCitation":"Lietman, P., Gustafson-Minnich, L., and Hall, D.W., 1997, Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of pipe-outlet terracing on quantity and quality of surface runoff and ground water in a small carbonate-rock basin near Churchtown, Pennsylvania, 1983-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4206, vii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944206.","productDescription":"vii, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57174,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395191,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48076.htm"},{"id":126888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4206/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Churchtown","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.9825,\n              40.1264\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9764,\n              40.1264\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9764,\n              40.1319\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9825,\n              40.1319\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9825,\n              40.1264\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lietman, P. L.","contributorId":63040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gustafson-Minnich, L. C.","contributorId":6897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson-Minnich","given":"L. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29139,"text":"wri964242 - 1997 - The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T20:54:24.033432","indexId":"wri964242","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4242","title":"The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and its relation to water quality were evaluated during a 3-year (1993-96) study. The Floridan aquifer system, a carbonate aquifer system composed of the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle semi-confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer, is the major source of water supply in northeastern Florida. The Lower Floridan aquifer is further subdivided into the Upper zone, a semi-confining unit, and the Fernandina permeable zone. As a result of increased withdrawals, heads in the aquifer system have declined and at the same time chloride concentrations have increased in the water from many wells in Duval County. A better understanding of the sources of and pathways for movement of brackish water is needed so that water managers can monitor the movement of brackish water and plan future water development. \r\n\r\nMost of the wells in Duval County deeper than 900 feet penetrate the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity estimates for these zones range from 2,000 to 194,000 feet squared per day. Permeability in the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is primarily related to secondary porosity developed along bedding planes, joints, and fractures as a result of paleokarst processes. The Upper zone is about 300 to 500 feet thick in Duval County, based on the geophysical logs of about 40 wells ranging in depth from about 1,000 to 2,200 feet. In some areas the Upper zone has a single flow zone, but in other areas, two distinct flow zones are apparent. \r\n\r\nWater samples collected during this study confirm the continued increase in chloride concentrations in both the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Most of the observed increases are in the eastern part of the county, but a pattern in the locations of wells yielding water with chloride increases is not discernible. In some areas, zones bearing brackish water are underlain by zones of fresher water, but in other areas, fresher water was not found beneath the brackish water. A single fracture or solution feature was the source of brackish water in several wells. \r\n\r\nThe most likely source of brackish water to the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is the underlying Fernandina permeable zone, which contains freshwater in the western part of the county but saline water in the eastern part. The pathways for movement of saline water are interconnecting vertical and horizontal fracture or solution zones probably developed along paleokarst features that are not mappable from the land surface; therefore, a conventional monitor-well network probably would not provide early warning of saline-water intrusion. Continued monitoring of water-quality trends in water-supply wells, combined with collection of additional surface and borehole geophysical data, can provide an increased understanding of the movement of brackish water in the Floridan aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964242","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., and Spechler, R., 1997, The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4242, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964242.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409024,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48572.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Duval County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30.1267\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.333,\n              30.1267\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.333,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30321,"text":"wri964304 - 1997 - Changes in flow in the Beaver-North Canadian River basin upstream from Canton Lake, western Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T17:03:21.210183","indexId":"wri964304","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4304","title":"Changes in flow in the Beaver-North Canadian River basin upstream from Canton Lake, western Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of an evaluation of hydrologic data for the Beaver-North Canadian River basin upstream from Canton Lake in western Oklahoma. It examines the climatic and hydrologic data for evidence of trends. The hydrologic data examined includes total annual flow, base flow, and annual peak discharges.\r\nThis study was conducted to determine if there is evidence of trends present in hydrologic and climatic data. All available streamflow-gaging station data, with at least 10 or more years of record, were examined for trends. In addition, the data were divided into an 'early' period (ending in 1971), representing conditions before ground-water levels had declined appreciably, and a 'recent' period (1978-1994), reflecting the condition of declining ground-water levels, including the effects of storage reservoirs.\r\n\r\nTests for trend, moving averages, and comparisons of median and average flows for an early period (ending in 1971) with those for the recent period (1978-1994) show that the total annual volume of flow and the magnitudes of instantaneous annual peak discharges measured at most gaging stations in the Beaver- North Canadian River basin have decreased in recent years. Precipitation records for the panhandle, however, show no corresponding changes.\r\n\r\nThe changes in flow are most pronounced in the headwaters upstream from Woodward, but also are evident at Woodward and near Seiling, which represents the inflow to Canton Lake. The average annual discharge decreased between the early period and the recent period by the following amounts: near Guymon, 18,000 acre-feet; at Beaver, 68,000 acre-feet; at Woodward, 72,000 acre-feet; and near Seiling, 63,000 acre-feet. These decreases, expressed as a percentage of the average flows for the early period, were 91 percent near Guymon, 82 percent at Beaver, 49 percent at Woodward, and 37 percent near Seiling. The medians of the annual peak discharges decreased from the early period to the recent period by the following amounts: near Guymon, 98 percent; at Beaver, 86 percent; at Woodward, 80 percent; and near Seiling, 53 percent. The Guymon gage is not affected by reservoirs; the other three mainstem gaging stations are influenced by reservoirs, but the decreases in annual peak discharges are greater than can be explained by storage in those reservoirs.\r\n\r\nBase flows have undergone substantial change, but unlike the annual volumes the base flows show some increases and some decreases. Flow duration analyses show a shift in the distribution of annual flows. Less contribution is coming from large floods that formerly added substantially to the yearly average flows. Near Seiling, for example, the magnitudes of the large flows that occur less than about 20 percent of the time were greatly reduced in the recent period.\r\n\r\nA primary mechanism producing these decreased streamflows appears to be the depletion of ground water in the High Plains aquifer that underlies more than 90 percent of the basin. Changes in farming and conservation practices and in water use also may be having an effect.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964304","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., and Tortorelli, R.L., 1997, Changes in flow in the Beaver-North Canadian River basin upstream from Canton Lake, western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4304, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964304.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri964304/pdf/wri96-4304.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_96_4304.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.28223256564006,\n              36.366114435776524\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.65668214895032,\n              36.55732225973237\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.99994573352308,\n              36.98104291572069\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.62402837237414,\n              36.91456402858782\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.70430383520873,\n              36.890799658844145\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5735436632592,\n              36.54299803318963\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.75625632216278,\n              36.50478711905258\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.78149867672028,\n              35.659387111580685\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.28223256564006,\n              36.366114435776524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26206,"text":"wri964249 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Ground-water quality in the Rio Grande flood plain, Cochiti Lake, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:51:22.915363","indexId":"wri964249","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4249","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Ground-water quality in the Rio Grande flood plain, Cochiti Lake, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 1995","docAbstract":"From March to May of 1995, water samples were collected from \r\n30 wells located in the flood plain of the Rio Grande between \r\nCochiti Lake, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas. These samples were \r\nanalyzed for a broad host of constituents, including field \r\nparameters, major constituents, nutrients, dissolved organic \r\ncarbon, trace elements, radiochemicals, pesticides, and volatile \r\norganic compounds. The main purpose of this study was to observe \r\nthe quality of ground water in this part of the Rio Grande Valley \r\nstudy unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality \r\nAssessment program. The sampling effort was limited to the basin-\r\nfill aquifer beneath the above-defined reach of the Rio Grande \r\nflood plain because of the relative homogeneity of the \r\nhydrogeology, the large amount of ground-water use for public \r\nsupply, and the potential for land-use activities to affect the \r\nquality of ground water. Most of the wells sampled for the study \r\nare used for domestic purposes, including drinking water. Depths \r\nto the tops of the sampling intervals in the 30 wells ranged from \r\n10 to 345 feet below land surface, and the median was 161.5 feet; \r\nthe sampling intervals in most of the wells spanned about 10 feet \r\nor less. Quality-control data were collected at three of the \r\nwells.\r\n\r\n     A significant amount of variation was found in the chemical \r\ncomposition of ground water sampled throughout the study area, \r\nbut the water generally was found to be of suitable chemical \r\nquality for use as drinking water, according to current \r\nenforceable standards established by the U.S. Environmental \r\nProtection Agency (EPA). Nutrients generally were measured at \r\nconcentrations near or below their method reporting limits. The \r\nmost dominant nutrient species was nitrite plus nitrate, at a \r\nmaximum concentration of 1.9 milligrams per liter (as N). Only \r\neight of the trace elements analyzed for had median \r\nconcentrations greater than their respective minimum reporting \r\nlevels. Water from one well exceeded the lifetime health advisory \r\nestablished by the EPA for molybdenum; water from a different well \r\nexceeded the proposed EPA maximum contaminant level for uranium. \r\nGross alpha and gross beta particle activities generally appeared \r\nto strongly correlate with quantities of uranium and potassium, \r\nrespectively, detected in ground water. However, water from one \r\nwell exceeded the EPA maximum contaminant level for gross alpha \r\nparticle activity and may exceed the EPA maximum contaminant \r\nlevel for beta particle and photon activity, although current \r\ndata on gross beta particle activities are not conclusive on this \r\npoint. Radon concentrations did not appear to directly correlate \r\nwith uranium concentrations. The herbicide prometon was the only \r\nsynthetic organic compound detected in ground water in the study \r\narea, and was detected in only one well, at a concentration of \r\n0.038 microgram per liter. This well is shallow and is not used \r\nfor drinking water. With the exception of the one detection of \r\nprometon, no strong evidence was found of effects on ground-water \r\nquality from human activities. Therefore, most of the water \r\nsampled probably recharged at the margins of the alluvial basins \r\nor recharged through the flood plain before human development \r\nbegan.\r\n\r\n     With respect to major constituents, the concentrations of \r\ndissolved solids ranged from 209 to 3,380 milligrams per liter, \r\nand the median concentration was 409.5 milligrams per liter. \r\nThere is evidence that the overall chemical composition of ground \r\nwater in the study area may be affected by several processes, \r\nincluding cation exchange, feldspar weathering, calcite \r\ndissolution and precipitation, dissolution of volcanic glass, and \r\nmicrobial activity. Several chemical constituents in ground water \r\nshowed relatively distinct spatial patterns that appear to be \r\nrelated to one or more of these processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964249","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., and Anderholm, S., 1997, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Ground-water quality in the Rio Grande flood plain, Cochiti Lake, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4249, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964249.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48578.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4249/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.5167,\n              35.6333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8778,\n              35.6333\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.8778,\n              31.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5167,\n              31.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.5167,\n              35.6333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, L. M.","contributorId":36593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22260,"text":"ofr9722 - 1997 - Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:55:56","indexId":"ofr9722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-22","title":"Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"<p>The Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project was part of a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural management systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research area was located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. The ground-water-quality monitoring network within and immediately surrounding the research area consisted of 73 observation wells and 25 multiport wells. The primary objectives of the ground-water monitoring program at the Minnesota MSEA were to: (1) determine the effects of three farming systems on ground-water quality, and (2) understand the processes and factors affecting the loading, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals in ground water at the site. This report presents well construction, geologic, water-level, chemical application, water-quality, and quality-assurance data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality during 1991-95.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9722","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Nelson, K., Regan, C., Lamb, J., Larson, S., Capel, P., Anderson, J.L., and Dowdy, R., 1997, Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-22, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9722.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/97-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","otherGeospatial":"Management Systems Evaluation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee5e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, K.J.","contributorId":36957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, C.P.","contributorId":37364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamb, J.A.","contributorId":95898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dowdy, R.H.","contributorId":92275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":21868,"text":"ofr9746 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr9746","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-46","title":"Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques","docAbstract":"DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) contamination in the sole source aquifer near Fresno, California, has significantly affected drinking-water supplies. Borehole and surface geophysical data were integrated with borehole textural data to characterize the Kings River alluvial fan sediments and to provide a framework for computer modeling of pesticide transport in ground water. Primary hydrogeologic facies units, such as gravel, coarse sand or gravel, fine sand, and silt and clay, were identified in cores collected from three borings located on a 4.6-kilometer transect of multilevel monitoring wells. Borehole geophysical logs collected from seven wells and surface geophysical surveys were used to extrapolate hydrogeologic facies to depths of about 82meters and to correlate the facies units with neighboring drilling sites. Thickness ranged from 0.3to 13 meters for sand and gravel units, and from 0.3 to 17 meters for silt and clay. The lateral extent of distinct silt and clay layers was mapped using shallow seismic reflection and ground-penetrating radar techniques. About 3.6 kilometers of seismic reflection data were collected; at least three distinct fine-grained layers were mapped. The depth of investigation of the seismic survey ranged from 34 to 107 meters below land surface, and vertical resolution was about 3.5 meters. The ground-penetrating radar survey covered 3.6kilometers and imaged a 1.5-meters thick, continuous fine-grained layer located at a depth of about 8 meters. Integrated results from the borehole sediment descriptions and geophysical surveys provided a detailed characterization over a larger areal extent than traditional hydrogeologic methods alone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9746","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Weissmann, G., Miller, R., and Placzek, G., 1997, Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-46, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9746.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51359,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weissmann, G.S.","contributorId":50927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissmann","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Placzek, Gary","contributorId":58295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Placzek","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185299,"text":"70185299 - 1997 - A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T11:27:17","indexId":"70185299","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1988, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, along withthe University of Iowa, conducted the Statewide Rural WellWater Survey, commonly known as SWRL. A total of 686private rural drinking water wells was selected by use of aprobability sample and tested for pesticides and nitrate. A subsetof these wells, the 10% repeat wells, were additionally sampledin October, 1990 and June, 1991. Starting in November, 1991,the University of Iowa, with sponsorship from the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, revisited the 10% repeat wellsto begin a study of the temporal variability of atrazine and nitratein wells. Other wells, which had originally tested positive foratrazine in SWRL but were not in the 10% population, wereadded to the study population. Temporal sampling for a year-long period began in February of 1992 and concluded in Januaryof 1993. All wells were sampled monthly, a subset was sampledweekly, and a second subset was sampled for 14 day consecutiveperiods. Of the 67 wells in the 10% population tested monthly,7 (10.4%) tested positive for atrazine at least once during theyear, and 3 (4%) were positive each of the 12 months. Theaverage concentration in the 7 wells was 0.10 µg/L. Fornitrate, 15 (22%) wells in the 10% repeat population monthlysampling were above the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L at least once. This paper, the second of two papers on thisstudy, describes the analysis of data from the survey. The firstpaper (Lorber et al., 1997) reviews the study design, theanalytical methodologies, and development of the data base.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1005704920640","usgsCitation":"Pinsky, P., Lorber, M., Johnson, K., Kross, B., Burmeister, L., Wilkins, A., and Hallberg, G., 1997, A study of the temporal variability of atrazine in private well water. part ii: analysis of data: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 2, p. 197-221, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005704920640.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"197","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1be4b0236b68f67379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinsky, Paul","contributorId":189527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinsky","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorber, Matthew","contributorId":189528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorber","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kent","contributorId":189529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kross, Burton","contributorId":189530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kross","given":"Burton","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burmeister, Leon","contributorId":189531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burmeister","given":"Leon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilkins, Amina","contributorId":189532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkins","given":"Amina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hallberg, George","contributorId":16269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":23871,"text":"ofr96474 - 1997 - Equations for estimating synthetic unit-hydrograph parameter values for small watersheds in Lake County, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr96474","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-474","title":"Equations for estimating synthetic unit-hydrograph parameter values for small watersheds in Lake County, Illinois","docAbstract":"Design hydrographs computed from design storms, simple models of abstractions (interception, depression storage, and infiltration), and synthetic unit hydrographs provide vital information for stormwater, flood-plain, and water-resources management throughout the United States. Rainfall and runoff data for small watersheds in Lake County collected between 1990 and 1995 were studied to develop equations for estimation of synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters on the basis of watershed and storm characteristics. The synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters of interest were the time of concentration (TC) and watershed-storage coefficient (R) for the Clark unit-hydrograph method, the unit-graph lag (UL) for the Soil Conservation Service (now known as the Natural Resources Conservation Service) dimensionless unit hydrograph, and the hydrograph-time lag (TL) for the linear-reservoir method for unit-hydrograph estimation. Data from 66 storms with effective-precipitation depths greater than 0.4 inches on 9 small watersheds (areas between 0.06 and 37 square miles (mi2)) were utilized to develop the estimation equations, and data from 11 storms on 8 of these watersheds were utilized to verify (test) the estimation equations. The synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters were determined by calibration using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Flood Hydrograph Package HEC-1 (TC, R, and UL) or by manual analysis of the rainfall and run-off data (TL). The relation between synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters, and watershed and storm characteristics was determined by multiple linear regression of the logarithms of the parameters and characteristics.\r\nSeparate sets of equations were developed with watershed area and main channel length as the starting parameters. Percentage of impervious cover, main channel slope, and depth of effective precipitation also were identified as important characteristics for estimation of synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters. The estimation equations utilizing area had multiple correlation coefficients of 0.873, 0.961, 0.968, and 0.963 for TC, R, UL, and TL, respectively, and the estimation equations utilizing main channel length had multiple correlation coefficients of 0.845, 0.957, 0.961, and 0.963 for TC, R, UL, and TL, respectively.\r\n\r\nSimulation of the measured hydrographs for the verification storms utilizing TC and R obtained from the estimation equations yielded good results without calibration. The peak discharge for 8 of the 11 storms was estimated within 25 percent and the time-to-peak discharge for 10 of the 11 storms was estimated within 20 percent. Thus, application of the estimation equations to determine synthetic unit-hydrograph parameters for design-storm simulation may result in reliable design hydrographs; as long as the physical characteristics of the watersheds under consideration are within the range of those for the watersheds in this study (area: 0.06-37 mi2, main channel length: 0.33-16.6 miles, main channel slope: 3.13-55.3 feet per mile, and percentage of impervious cover: 7.32-40.6 percent). The estimation equations are most reliable when applied to watersheds with areas less than 25 mi2.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96474","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Melching, C., and Marquardt, J., 1997, Equations for estimating synthetic unit-hydrograph parameter values for small watersheds in Lake County, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-474, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96474.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0474/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53086,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0474/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melching, Charles S.","contributorId":23973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melching","given":"Charles S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marquardt, J.S.","contributorId":81936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marquardt","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4960,"text":"fs24496 - 1997 - Rapid-Estimation Method for Assessing Scour at Highway Bridges Based on Limited Site Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T20:49:20","indexId":"fs24496","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"244-96","title":"Rapid-Estimation Method for Assessing Scour at Highway Bridges Based on Limited Site Data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs24496","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., and Parrett, C., 1997, Rapid-Estimation Method for Assessing Scour at Highway Bridges Based on Limited Site Data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 244-96, 1 folded sheet (4) p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs24496.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet (4) p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_244_96.bmp"},{"id":127,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-244-96","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70246421,"text":"70246421 - 1997 - Climate and ocean dynamics and the lead isotopic records in Pacific ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T16:31:33.210703","indexId":"70246421","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-15T11:27:54","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate and ocean dynamics and the lead isotopic records in Pacific ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"<p><span>As hydrogenous iron-manganese crusts grow, at rates of millimeters per million years, they record changes in the lead isotopic composition of ambient seawater. Time-resolved lead isotopic data for cut slabs of two central Pacific iron-manganese crusts that have been growing since about 50 million years ago were measured in situ by laser ablation, multiple-collector, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The lead isotopic compositions have remained remarkably uniform over the past 30 million years, but the record of small variations corresponds with other paleoceanographic indicators of climate change, including weathering and glaciation. This implies that despite the short residence time of lead in the oceans, global mechanisms may influence lead isotopic compositions in the central Pacific, far from continental inputs, because of changes in weathering, ocean circulation, and degree of mixing. Thus lead isotopic data could be used to probe climate-driven changes in ocean circulation through time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.277.5328.913","usgsCitation":"Christensen, J.N., Halliday, A.N., Godfrey, L.V., Hein, J.R., and Rea, D.K., 1997, Climate and ocean dynamics and the lead isotopic records in Pacific ferromanganese crusts: Science, v. 277, no. 5328, p. 913-918, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.913.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"918","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","issue":"5328","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, John N.","contributorId":31934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halliday, Alex N.","contributorId":95639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godfrey, Linda V.","contributorId":211554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godfrey","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38266,"text":"Dept Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rea, David K.","contributorId":26823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7007,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188685,"text":"70188685 - 1997 - Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:34:08","indexId":"70188685","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) eggs","title":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Double-crested cormorant (</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>) eggs were injected with either 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected double-crested cormorant eggs. These compounds were injected into the yolks of cormorant eggs from an isolated colony on Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, Canada. Upon hatching, chicks were necropsied. The brain, bursa, heart, liver, and spleen were removed and weighed. An approximate median lethal dose (LD50) of 158 μg/kg egg was determined for PCB 126, which is 69 times greater than the LD50 determined for the chicken (</span><i>Gallus domesticus</i><span>) in a previous study. A significantly greater mortality occurred at the highest dose of TCDD (4.0 μg/kg egg) when compared to the vehicle control. However, the mortality data did not provide sufficient information for the determination of an LD50. The cormorant egg extract did not adversely affect hatchability. No significant increases were observed in the incidence of developmental abnormalities, including pronounced edema, in any of the treatment groups, nor were there any relevant effects on body and organ weights. Based on the results from this study, the cormorant appears to be considerably less sensitive to polyhalogenated diaromatic hydrocarbons than the chicken, which has been the typical species used for egg injection studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160718","usgsCitation":"Powell, D.C., Aulerich, R.J., Meadows, J.C., Tillitt, D.E., Powell, J.F., Restum, J.C., Stromborg, K.L., Giesy, J.P., and Bursian, S.J., 1997, Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 7, p. 1450-1455, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160718.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1450","endPage":"1455","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","otherGeospatial":"Lake Winnipegosis","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.524658203125,\n              50.708634400828224\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              50.708634400828224\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.316650390625,\n              53.38988075156031\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.524658203125,\n              53.38988075156031\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.524658203125,\n              50.708634400828224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b5e4b062508e382b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Debra C.","contributorId":193161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulerich, Richard J.","contributorId":170029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aulerich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, Jon F.","contributorId":193162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Restum, Janelle C.","contributorId":193163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Restum","given":"Janelle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stromborg, Kenneth L.","contributorId":193164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stromborg","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bursian, Steven J.","contributorId":170027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bursian","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":25990,"text":"wri964307 - 1997 - Regional equations for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for natural basins in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T09:00:20","indexId":"wri964307","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4307","title":"Regional equations for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for natural basins in Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Peak-streamflow frequency estimates are needed for flood-plain management; for objective assessment of flood risk; and for cost-effective design of dams, levees, other flood-control structures, roads, bridges, and culverts. Peak-streamflow frequency represents the peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation, conducted an investigation to develop regional regression equations for the estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for ungaged sites in natural basins in Texas. Peak-streamflow frequency data from streamflow-gaging stations in natural drainage basins of Texas were used.</p>\n<p>Peak-streamflow frequency for 559 Texas stations with natural (unregulated and rural or nonurbanized) basins was estimated with annual peak-streamflow data through 1993. The peak-streamflow frequency and drainage-basin characteristics for the Texas stations were used to develop 16 sets of equations to estimate peak-streamflow frequency for ungaged natural stream sites in each of 11 regions in Texas. The relation between peak-streamflow frequency and contributing drainage area for 5 of the 11 regions is curvilinear, requiring that one set of equations be developed for drainage areas less than 32 square miles and another set be developed for drainage areas greater than 32 square miles. These equations, developed through multiple-regression analysis using weighted least squares, are based on the relation between peak-streamflow frequency and basin characteristics for streamflow-gaging stations. The regions represent areas with similar flood characteristics. The use and limitations of the regression equations also are discussed. Additionally, procedures are presented to compute the 50-, 67-, and 90-percent confidence limits for any estimation from the equations. Also, supplemental peak-streamflow frequency and basin characteristics for 105 selected stations bordering Texas are included in the report. This supplemental information will aid in interpretation of flood characteristics for sites near the state borders of Texas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri964307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Slade, R.M., 1997, Regional equations for estimation of peak-streamflow frequency for natural basins in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4307, Document: iv, 68 p.; Plate: 26 x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964307.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 68 p.; Plate: 26 x 26 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri964307.JPG"},{"id":1992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6832,"text":"fs02697 - 1997 - GeoChange Global Change Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T08:39:53","indexId":"fs02697","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"026-97","title":"GeoChange Global Change Data","docAbstract":"GeoChange is an online data system \nproviding access to research results and \ndata generated by the U.S. Geological \nSurvey's Global Change Research \nProgram. Researchers in this program \nstudy climate history and the causes of \nclimatic variations, as well as providing \nbaseline data sets on contemporary \natmospheric chemistry, high-resolution \nmeteorology, and dust deposition. \nResearch results are packaged as data \nsets, groups of digital files containing \nscientific observations, documentation, \nand interpretation. The data sets are \narranged in a consistent manner using \nstandard file formats so that users of a \nvariety of computer systems can access \nand use them.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs02697","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, GeoChange Global Change Data: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 026-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02697.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs02697.jpg"},{"id":285359,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0026-97/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30260,"text":"wri964274 - 1997 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri964274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4274","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky","docAbstract":"The Ohio River alluvial aquifer is the primary source of drinking water for the residents of Owensboro and Daviess County and adjacent counties in Kentucky. The aquifer consists of sand and gravel deposits that partly fill a bedrock-valley system consisting of shales of Pennsylvanian age. The valley is a result of dissection by the Ohio River during the Pleistocene epoch. The sand and gravel deposits in the bedrock valley are glacial-outwash deposits of Illinoian and Wisconsin age. The thickness of the alluvium ranges from just a few feet near the bedrock-valley walls to nearly 150 feet in the Bon Harbor Hills area west of Owensboro. Estimates of transmissivity of the alluvium near the Ohio River are in excess of 50,000 gallons per day per foot.  A two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed to estimate the hydraulic properties, the rate of recharge, and the contributing areas to discharge boundaries for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro. Results from previous studies, available geohydrologic data, and observations of water levels from area ground-water wells were compiled to conceptualize the ground-water-flow system and construct the numerical model. Ground water enters the modeled area primarily by infiltration from precipitation and river leakage towards nearby wells and exits the modeled area primarily by withdrawal wells, flow through the valley across model boundaries, and discharge to the Ohio River. A sensitivity analysis of the model indicates the model is most sensitive to changes in horizontal hydraulic conductivity, especially near the Ohio River boundary. Particle tracking was used to compute the contributing areas to discharge boundaries. Contributing areas for withdrawal wells at Owensboro Municipal Utilities extended south and east toward the valley walls and model boundaries and toward the Ohio River, where most of the water withdrawn by the wells is from induced flow from the river.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964274","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M., 1997, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4274, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964274.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, M.D.","contributorId":35351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21904,"text":"ofr96722 - 1997 - Laboratory data for calcic soils in central New Mexico; background information for mapping Quaternary deposits in the Albuquerque basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr96722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-722","title":"Laboratory data for calcic soils in central New Mexico; background information for mapping Quaternary deposits in the Albuquerque basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96722","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Machette, M.N., Long, T., Bachman, G., and Timbel, N., 1997, Laboratory data for calcic soils in central New Mexico; background information for mapping Quaternary deposits in the Albuquerque basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-722, 60 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96722.","productDescription":"60 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0722/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51389,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0722/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Thomas","contributorId":63043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bachman, G.O.","contributorId":55858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachman","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Timbel, N.R.","contributorId":64685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timbel","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22206,"text":"ofr9795 - 1997 - Tectonic controls on magmatism and geothermal resources in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, California: Integration of new geologic, earthquake tomography, seismicity, gravity, and magnetotelluric data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T20:27:27.015584","indexId":"ofr9795","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-95","title":"Tectonic controls on magmatism and geothermal resources in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, California: Integration of new geologic, earthquake tomography, seismicity, gravity, and magnetotelluric data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9795","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., Benz, H., Walters, M.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 1997, Tectonic controls on magmatism and geothermal resources in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, California: Integration of new geologic, earthquake tomography, seismicity, gravity, and magnetotelluric data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-95, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9795.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19409.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51637,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Geysers-Clear Lake region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.135,\n              38.444\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.292,\n              38.444\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.292,\n              39.152\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.135,\n              39.152\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.135,\n              38.444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68597c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, M. A.","contributorId":57522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, B. D.","contributorId":6084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22705,"text":"ofr9727 - 1997 - Temperature, snowmelt, and the onset of spring season landslides in the central Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr9727","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-27","title":"Temperature, snowmelt, and the onset of spring season landslides in the central Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Snow meltwater (snowmelt) that seeps into the subsurface is a major factor contributing to the development of landslides during the spring in mountainous areas of the Rocky Mountain region. An examination of historical temperature data in relation to spring season landslide occurrences reveals an association between the landslide events and intervals of rising temperatures that accelerate the production of snow meltwater. Historical climatic data recorded at local weather stations located near the landslide sites are used to show the association and to identify a temperature threshold that may be useful for forecasting the onset of spring season landslides. Historical daily temperature maximums and minimums for unmonitored landslide sites are estimated by applying an elevation correction factor to historical temperature data from nearby weather stations. The proposed temperature threshold (a 6-day moving average of daily maximum temperature of 58? F) is defined by the number and temporal distribution of snowmelt related landslide events. The results of the study suggest that real-time temperature data recorded at weather stations throughout the Rocky Mountain region is potentially a valuable source of information that may be useful for forecasting the onset of spring season landslides.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9727","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A.F., 1997, Temperature, snowmelt, and the onset of spring season landslides in the central Rocky Mountains (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-27, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9727.","productDescription":"35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52163,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, Alan F.","contributorId":87578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22726,"text":"ofr9730 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T21:18:46.465083","indexId":"ofr9730","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-30","title":"Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9730","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Dupre, W.R., and Rosenberg, L.I., 1997, Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-30, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9730.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52175,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":108985,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18696.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18696"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","otherGeospatial":"Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0313262939453,\n              36.48755716938576\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74636840820312,\n              36.48755716938576\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74636840820312,\n              36.64528344930188\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0313262939453,\n              36.64528344930188\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0313262939453,\n              36.48755716938576\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69685c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph C.","contributorId":101663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupre, William R.","contributorId":80712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23533,"text":"ofr9732 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-02T17:30:18.311195","indexId":"ofr9732","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-32","title":"Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9732","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Keith, W.J., and Miller, M., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Sleetmute quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-32, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9732.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156079,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37192.htm"},{"id":52821,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sleetmute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, W. J.","contributorId":41827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"W.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":89523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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