{"pageNumber":"1259","pageRowStart":"31450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184828,"records":[{"id":70147014,"text":"70147014 - 2015 - Turbines and terrestrial vertebrates: variation in tortoise survivorship between a wind energy facility and an adjacent undisturbed wildland area in the desert southwest (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:11:55","indexId":"70147014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-18T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turbines and terrestrial vertebrates: variation in tortoise survivorship between a wind energy facility and an adjacent undisturbed wildland area in the desert southwest (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>With the recent increase in utility-scale wind energy development, researchers have become increasingly concerned how this activity will affect wildlife and their habitat. To understand the potential impacts of wind energy facilities (WEF) post-construction (i.e., operation and maintenance) on wildlife, we compared differences in activity centers and survivorship of Agassiz's desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) inside or near a WEF to neighboring tortoises living near a wilderness area (NWA) and farther from the WEF. We found that the size of tortoise activity centers varied, but not significantly so, between the WEF (6.25 &plusmn; 2.13 ha) and adjacent NWA (4.13 &plusmn; 1.23 ha). However, apparent survival did differ significantly between the habitat types: over the 18 year study period apparent annual survival estimates were 0.96 &plusmn; 0.01 for WEF tortoises and 0.92 &plusmn; 0.02 for tortoises in the NWA. High annual survival suggests that operation and maintenance of the WEF has not caused considerable declines in the adult population over the past two decades. Low traffic volume, enhanced resource availability and decreased predator populations may influence annual survivorship at this WEF. Further research on these proximate mechanisms and population recruitment would be useful for mitigating and managing post-development impacts of utility scale wind energy on long-lived terrestrial vertebrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer USA","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0498-9","usgsCitation":"Agha, M., Lovich, J.E., Ennen, J., Augustine, B.J., Arundel, T.R., Murphy, M.O., Meyer-Wilkins, K., Bjurlin, C., Delaney, D.F., Briggs, J., Austin, M., Madrak, S.V., and Price, S.J., 2015, Turbines and terrestrial vertebrates: variation in tortoise survivorship between a wind energy facility and an adjacent undisturbed wildland area in the desert southwest (USA): Environmental Management, v. 56, no. 2, p. 332-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0498-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"341","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059774","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological 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Kathie","contributorId":8742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer-Wilkins","given":"Kathie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bjurlin, Curtis","contributorId":90183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjurlin","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Delaney, David F.","contributorId":41797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delaney","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27261,"text":"U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaig","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Briggs, 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,{"id":70140202,"text":"70140202 - 2015 - Minerals, lands, and geology for the common defence and general welfare,  Volume 4, 1939-1961: A history of geology in relation to the development of public-land, federal science, and mapping policies and the development of mineral resources in the United States from the 60th to the 82d year of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:08:55","indexId":"70140202","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-17T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Minerals, lands, and geology for the common defence and general welfare,  Volume 4, 1939-1961: A history of geology in relation to the development of public-land, federal science, and mapping policies and the development of mineral resources in the United States from the 60th to the 82d year of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>The fourth volume of the comprehensive history of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is titled &ldquo;Minerals, Lands, and Geology for the Common Defence and General Welfare&mdash;Volume 4, 1939‒1961.&rdquo; The title is based on a passage in the preamble of the U.S. Constitution.</p>\n<p>The late Mary C. Rabbitt (1915‒2002), a geophysicist who served with the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1948‒1949) and the USGS (1949‒1978), wrote the first three volumes in this series of USGS Special Books. &ldquo;Volume 1, Before 1879&rdquo; (1979), &ldquo;Volume 2, 1879‒1904&rdquo; (1980), and &ldquo;Volume 3, 1904‒1939&rdquo; (1986), although long out of print and out of stock, are now available online; see links at right.</p>\n<p>The 704-page Volume 4, supplemented by more than 200 illustrations, was begun by Rabbitt and completed by coauthor Clifford M. Nelson, a geologist with the USGS since 1976. The book is described as &ldquo;A History of Geology in Relation to the Development of Public-Land, Federal Science, and Mapping Policies and the Development of Mineral Resources in the United States From the 60th to the 82d Year of the U.S. Geological Survey.&rdquo; Volume 4 focuses on the United States and the USGS in war and peace from the beginning of World War II in Europe to the end of the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Like the earlier books in the series, Volume 4 places the nature and significance of USGS operations in mapping and the earth sciences in the wider contexts of national and international history. The new volume, like its three predecessors, is intended for general readers and historians alike, so it follows a chronological rather than a thematic pattern, although themes are traced throughout the book.</p>\n<p>After preparing Volumes 1&ndash;3, Rabbitt wrote a brief report summarizing the agency's history in its first century, &ldquo;The United States Geological Survey: 1879‒1989,&rdquo; which was originally issued as USGS Circular 1050 in 1989. It was reissued in 2000 as part of USGS Circular 1179, which also contains Ren&eacute;e M. Jaussaud&rsquo;s inventory of documents accessioned through 1997 into Record Group 57 (USGS) at the National Archives and Records Administration&rsquo;s Archives II facility (NARA II) in College Park, Maryland.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70142267","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M.C., and Nelson, C.M., 2015, Minerals, lands, and geology for the common defence and general welfare,  Volume 4, 1939-1961: A history of geology in relation to the development of public-land, federal science, and mapping policies and the development of mineral resources in the United States from the 60th to the 82d year of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, ix, 704 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70142267.","productDescription":"ix, 704 p.","numberOfPages":"718","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1939-01-01","temporalEnd":"1961-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060062","costCenters":[{"id":366,"text":"Library","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5069,"text":"Office of the AD Core Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472139,"rank":8,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/70142267","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299728,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1179","text":"Circular 1179","description":"Circular 1179","linkHelpText":"Records and history of the USGS"},{"id":299725,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/800002","text":"Volume 2, 1879-1904","size":"141 MB","description":"Volume 2, 1879-1904"},{"id":299727,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1050","text":"Circular 1050","description":"Circular 50","linkHelpText":"The USGS: 1879-1989"},{"id":299726,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/800003","text":"Volume 3, 1904–1939","size":"172 MB","description":"Volume 3, 1904–1939"},{"id":299724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/800000","text":"Volume 1, Before 1879","size":"103 MB","description":"Volume 1, Before 1979"},{"id":299723,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/2015/rabbitt-vol4/pdf/vol4_usgshistory.pdf","text":"Report","size":"126 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70140202.jpg"},{"id":299722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/2015/rabbitt-vol4/"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553220a0e4b0b22a158063b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, Mary C.","contributorId":94242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Clifford M. cnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Clifford","email":"cnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5069,"text":"Office of the AD Core Science Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146633,"text":"70146633 - 2015 - Application of the FluEgg model to predict transport of Asian carp eggs in the Saint Joseph River (Great Lakes tributary)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:28:45","indexId":"70146633","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-17T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the FluEgg model to predict transport of Asian carp eggs in the Saint Joseph River (Great Lakes tributary)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) is a three-dimensional Lagrangian model that simulates the movement and development of Asian carp eggs until hatching based on the physical characteristics of the flow field and the physical and biological characteristics of the eggs. This tool provides information concerning egg development and spawning habitat suitability including: egg plume location, egg vertical and travel time distribution, and egg-hatching risk. A case study of the simulation of Asian carp eggs in the Lower Saint Joseph River, a tributary of Lake Michigan, is presented. The river hydrodynamic input for FluEgg was generated in two ways &mdash; using hydroacoustic data and using HEC-RAS model data. The HEC-RAS model hydrodynamic input data were used to simulate 52 scenarios covering a broad range of flows and water temperatures with the eggs at risk of hatching ranging from 0 to 93% depending on river conditions. FluEgg simulations depict the highest percentage of eggs at risk of hatching occurs at the lowest discharge and at peak water temperatures. Analysis of these scenarios illustrates how the interactive relation among river length, hydrodynamics, and water temperature influence egg transport and hatching risk. An improved version of FluEgg, which more realistically simulates dispersion and egg development, is presented. Also presented is a graphical user interface that facilitates the use of FluEgg and provides a set of post-processing analysis tools to support management decision-making regarding the prevention and control of Asian carp reproduction in rivers with or without Asian carp populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.003","usgsCitation":"Garcia, T., Murphy, E., Jackson, P., and Garcia, M., 2015, Application of the FluEgg model to predict transport of Asian carp eggs in the Saint Joseph River (Great Lakes tributary): Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 374-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.02.003.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"386","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052715","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Ryan, Garcia Marcelo H.","journalName":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","publicationDate":"6/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Tatiana 0000-0002-1979-7246 tgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-7246","contributorId":140327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Tatiana","email":"tgarcia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A. emurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"emurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan pjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","email":"pjackson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70146555,"text":"70146555 - 2015 - Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive Burmese pythons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:41:43","indexId":"70146555","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-17T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive Burmese pythons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are used to detect DNA that is shed into the aquatic environment by cryptic or low density species. Applied in eDNA studies, occupancy models can be used to estimate occurrence and detection probabilities and thereby account for imperfect detection. However, occupancy terminology has been applied inconsistently in eDNA studies, and many have calculated occurrence probabilities while not considering the effects of imperfect detection. Low detection of invasive giant constrictors using visual surveys and traps has hampered the estimation of occupancy and detection estimates needed for population management in southern Florida, USA. Giant constrictor snakes pose a threat to native species and the ecological restoration of the Florida Everglades. To assist with detection, we developed species-specific eDNA assays using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the Burmese python (</span><i>Python molurus bivittatus</i><span>), Northern African python (</span><i>P</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>sebae</i><span>), boa constrictor (</span><i>Boa constrictor</i><span>), and the green (</span><i>Eunectes murinus</i><span>) and yellow anaconda (</span><i>E</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>notaeus</i><span>). Burmese pythons, Northern African pythons, and boa constrictors are established and reproducing, while the green and yellow anaconda have the potential to become established. We validated the python and boa constrictor assays using laboratory trials and tested all species in 21 field locations distributed in eight southern Florida regions. Burmese python eDNA was detected in 37 of 63 field sampling events; however, the other species were not detected. Although eDNA was heterogeneously distributed in the environment, occupancy models were able to provide the first estimates of detection probabilities, which were greater than 91%. Burmese python eDNA was detected along the leading northern edge of the known population boundary. The development of informative detection tools and eDNA occupancy models can improve conservation efforts in southern Florida and support more extensive studies of invasive constrictors. Generic sampling design and terminology are proposed to standardize and clarify interpretations of eDNA-based occupancy models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0121655","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Dorazio, R.M., Fike, J.A., Smith, B.J., Hunter, C.T., Reed, R., and Hart, K.M., 2015, Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling improves occurrence and detection estimates of invasive Burmese pythons: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 4, e0121655; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121655.","productDescription":"e0121655; 17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055221","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121655","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              25.07316070640961\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19195556640625,\n              26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19195556640625,\n              25.07316070640961\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.84814453125,\n              25.07316070640961\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. fikej@usgs.gov","contributorId":4564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Brian J. 0000-0002-0531-0492 bjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"bjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunter, Charles T.","contributorId":140315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13453,"text":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":140316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":70143976,"text":"fs20153027 - 2015 - Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, water year 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:00:20","indexId":"fs20153027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-17T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3027","title":"Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, water year 2014","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, maintains a long-term network of hydrologic monitoring gages in the State of Kansas. These include 206 real-time streamgages, 12 real-time reservoir-level monitoring stations, and 32 groundwater monitoring wells. These data and associated analyses, accumulated over time, provide a unique overview of hydrologic conditions and help improve our understanding of Kansas&rsquo;s water resources. Yearly hydrologic conditions are determined by comparing statistical analyses of current and historical water year data for the period of record. These data are used in protecting life and property, and managing water resources for agricultural, industrial, public supply, ecological, and recreational purposes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153027","usgsCitation":"Robison, A.L., 2015, Summary of hydrologic conditions in Kansas, water year 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3027, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153027.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-10-01","temporalEnd":"2014-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-062877","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153027.jpg"},{"id":299749,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3027/pdf/fs2015-3027.pdf","size":"3.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299748,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3027/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.073974609375,\n              40.01920130768676\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3173828125,\n              40.01920130768676\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.20751953125,\n              39.926588421909436\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06469726562499,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.95483398437499,\n              39.918162846609455\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.888916015625,\n              39.78321267821705\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.95483398437499,\n              39.63953756436671\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0537109375,\n              39.50404070558415\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.89990234375,\n              39.42770738465604\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.82299804687499,\n              39.342794408952386\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.71313476562499,\n              39.223742741391305\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.603271484375,\n              39.08743603215884\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553220a0e4b0b22a158063b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robison, Andrew L. arobison@usgs.gov","contributorId":139840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"Andrew","email":"arobison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70146890,"text":"70146890 - 2015 - 11.12 – Tools and techniques: gravitational method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-08T16:43:39","indexId":"70146890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"11.12 – Tools and techniques: gravitational method","docAbstract":"<p>The gravitational method is used to investigate density variations within the subsurface at depths of several meters to tens of meters, as in depth-to-bedrock investigations, or at depths of several kilometers, as in sedimentary basin thickness investigations. This chapter covers fundamental relations, densities of Earth materials, instruments, field procedures, data reduction, filtering, forward modeling, inversion, and field examples. The focus is on near-surface investigations as distinct from the solid Earth studies found elsewhere in this treatise. The gravitational method is often used in conjunction with other geophysical methods, such as the magnetic method or the seismic method, which target similar physical properties at similar depths.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geophysics","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00197-4","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 2015, 11.12 – Tools and techniques: gravitational method, chap. <i>of</i> Treatise on Geophysics, v. 11, p. 393-418, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00197-4.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"418","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044810","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","edition":"2nd","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56680d3fe4b06a3ea36c8e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70137525,"text":"ofr20141236 - 2015 - Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T16:14:45","indexId":"ofr20141236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1236","title":"Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes","docAbstract":"<p>Electric tapes are used to measure groundwater levels and to verify the accuracy of pressure transducers installed in wells. Electric tapes are generally assumed to be accurate to &plusmn;0.01 foot (ft), but little information is available from the manufacturers and no accuracy studies have been conducted to confirm this value. This study measured the accuracy of six popular models of electric groundwater tapes.</p>\n<p>The tapes tested include models from Durham Geo, Geotech, Heron, In-Situ, Solinst, and Waterline that are commonly used by the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS). The accuracy tests compared the length of each electric tape to a calibrated-steel reference tape and measured each probe&rsquo;s activation accuracy and displacement volume. The tape-length accuracy combined with the probe-activation accuracy gave the overall measurement accuracy of the tape.</p>\n<p>The accuracy tests demonstrated that none of the electric-tape models tested consistently met the suggested USGS accuracy of &plusmn;0.01 ft. The test data show that the tape models in the study should give a water-level measurement that is accurate to roughly &plusmn;0.05 ft per 100 ft without additional calibration. To meet USGS accuracy guidelines, the electric-tape models tested will need to be individually calibrated. Specific conductance also plays a part in tape accuracy. The probes will not work in water with specific conductance values near zero, and the accuracy of one probe was unreliable in very high conductivity water (10,000 microsiemens per centimeter).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141236","usgsCitation":"Jelinski, J., Clayton, C.S., and Fulford, J.M., 2015, Accuracy testing of electric groundwater-level measurement tapes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1236, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141236.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052287","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141236.jpg"},{"id":299745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1236/"},{"id":299746,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1236/pdf/ofr2014-1236.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1ae4b0b22a15806131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jelinski, Jim","contributorId":138570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jelinski","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, Christopher S. cclayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":5506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"Christopher","email":"cclayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":537869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141192,"text":"sir20155018 - 2015 - Dissolved-solids loads discharged from irrigated areas near Manila, Utah, May 2007-October 2012, and relation of loads to selected variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T16:46:59","indexId":"sir20155018","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5018","title":"Dissolved-solids loads discharged from irrigated areas near Manila, Utah, May 2007-October 2012, and relation of loads to selected variables","docAbstract":"<p>The Manila/Washam Salinity Project (MWSP) is a cooperative effort by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and local farmers and ranchers to reduce the transport of dissolved solids to Flaming Gorge Reservoir from irrigated agricultural lands near Manila, Utah. To estimate dissolved-solids loads from the MWSP area, discharge and water quality from Birch Spring Draw and other selected outflows and inflows were monitored from May 2007 to October 2012. An average annual May&ndash;April streamflow of 5,960 acre-feet discharged from Birch Spring Draw at site BSD-2 to Flaming Gorge Reservoir during 2007&ndash;12, containing an average dissolved-solids load of 14,660 tons. An average May&ndash;April net dissolved-solids load of 24,300 tons per year discharged from the MWSP area, estimated from the relation between streamflow and dissolved-solids concentration at site BSD-2 and other measured inflows and outflows.</p>\n<p>The amount of precipitation and water available for irrigation are important factors affecting the dissolved-solids load in outflow from the MWSP area. Net dissolved-solids load discharged from the MWSP area increased with increasing canal streamflow and precipitation measured at Manila during the irrigation season, from May to October, each year. The net tons of dissolved solids discharged from the MWSP area per acre-foot of canal water increased with increasing irrigation season precipitation during May 2007&ndash;October 2012.</p>\n<p>Irrigation improvements began to be implemented in 2007 to reduce dissolved-solids loads discharged from the MWSP area. The theoretical annual net dissolved-solids load where the cumulative NRCS calculated dissolved-solids load reduction is added to the net MWSP dissolved-solids load is what would be expected if there was no irrigation improvement in the area associated with the MWSP. The theoretical data points lie very near the baseline representing the pre-MWSP dissolved-solids load to canal streamflow relation. The proximity of the theoretical data points to the baseline shows that the NRCS calculations of reduction in dissolved-solids load are generally supported by the data collected during this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Gerner, S.J., 2015, Dissolved-solids loads discharged from irrigated areas near Manila, Utah, May 2007-October 2012, and relation of loads to selected variables: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5018, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155018.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-05-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-056819","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155018.jpg"},{"id":299742,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5018/pdf/sir2015-5018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5018/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.59085464477539,\n              40.96304869940295\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.59591865539551,\n              40.96551156815455\n           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sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146517,"text":"70146517 - 2015 - Global phylogeography of the avian malaria pathogen <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> based on MSP1 allelic diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:52:52","indexId":"70146517","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global phylogeography of the avian malaria pathogen <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> based on MSP1 allelic diversity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowing the genetic variation that occurs in pathogen populations and how it is distributed across geographical areas is essential to understand parasite epidemiology, local patterns of virulence, and evolution of host-resistance. In addition, it is important to identify populations of pathogens that are evolutionarily independent and thus &lsquo;free&rsquo; to adapt to hosts and environments. Here, we investigated genetic variation in the globally distributed, highly invasive avian malaria parasite&nbsp;</span><i>Plasmodium relictum</i><span>, which has several distinctive mitochondrial haplotyps (cyt b lineages, SGS1, GRW11 and GRW4). The phylogeography of&nbsp;</span><i>P. relictum</i><span>&nbsp;was accessed using the highly variable nuclear gene merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), a gene linked to the invasion biology of the parasite. We show that the lineage GRW4 is evolutionarily independent of GRW11 and SGS1 whereas GRW11 and SGS1 share MSP1 alleles and thus suggesting the presence of two distinct species (GRW4 versus SGS1 and GRW11). Further, there were significant differences in the global distribution of MSP1 alleles with differences between GRW4 alleles in the New and the Old World. For SGS1, a lineage formerly believed to have both tropical and temperate transmission, there were clear differences in MSP1 alleles transmitted in tropical Africa compared to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Further, we highlight the occurrence of multiple MSP1 alleles in GRW4 isolates from the Hawaiian Islands, where the parasite has contributed to declines and extinctions of endemic forest birds since it was introduced. This study stresses the importance of multiple independent loci for understanding patterns of transmission and evolutionary independence across avian malaria parasites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01158","usgsCitation":"Hellgren, O., Atkinson, C.T., Bensch, S., Albayrak, T., Dimitrov, D., Ewen, J.G., Kim, K.S., Lima, M.R., Martin, L., Palinauskas, V., Ricklefs, R., Sehgal, R.N., Gediminas, V., Tsuda, Y., and Marzal, A., 2015, Global phylogeography of the avian malaria pathogen <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> based on MSP1 allelic diversity: Ecography, v. 38, no. 8, p. 842-850, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01158.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"850","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059868","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1fe4b0b22a1580613d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellgren, Olof","contributorId":140266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hellgren","given":"Olof","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13428,"text":"Lund University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bensch, Staffan","contributorId":140267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bensch","given":"Staffan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13428,"text":"Lund University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Albayrak, Tamer","contributorId":140268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albayrak","given":"Tamer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13429,"text":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dimitrov, Dimitar","contributorId":140269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dimitrov","given":"Dimitar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13430,"text":"Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ewen, John G.","contributorId":140270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13431,"text":"Zoological Society of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Kyeong Soon","contributorId":140271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Kyeong","email":"","middleInitial":"Soon","affiliations":[{"id":13432,"text":"Tottori University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lima, Marcos R.","contributorId":140272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lima","given":"Marcos","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13433,"text":"Universidade Estadual de Londrina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martin, Lynn","contributorId":140273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Palinauskas, Vaidas","contributorId":140274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palinauskas","given":"Vaidas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13434,"text":"Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ricklefs, Robert","contributorId":140275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricklefs","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13435,"text":"University of Missouri-St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.","contributorId":140276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sehgal","given":"Ravinder","email":"","middleInitial":"N. M.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gediminas, Valkiunas","contributorId":140277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gediminas","given":"Valkiunas","affiliations":[{"id":13434,"text":"Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tsuda, Yoshio","contributorId":140278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsuda","given":"Yoshio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13436,"text":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Marzal, Alfonso","contributorId":140279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzal","given":"Alfonso","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13437,"text":"University of Extremadura, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70146541,"text":"70146541 - 2015 - ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T14:09:28","indexId":"70146541","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ChemCam campaign at the fluvial sedimentary outcrop &ldquo;Shaler&rdquo; resulted in observations of 28 non-soil targets, 26 of which included active laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and all of which included Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) images. The Shaler outcrop can be divided into seven facies based on grain size, texture, color, resistance to erosion, and sedimentary structures. The ChemCam observations cover Facies 3 through 7. For all targets, the majority of the grains were below the limit of the RMI resolution, but many targets had a portion of resolvable grains coarser than &sim;0.5&nbsp;mm. The Shaler facies show significant scatter in LIBS spectra and compositions from point to point, but several key compositional trends are apparent, most notably in the average K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O content of the observed facies. Facies 3 is lower in K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O than the other facies and is similar in composition to the &ldquo;snake,&rdquo; a clastic dike that occurs lower in the Yellowknife Bay stratigraphic section. Facies 7 is enriched in K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O relative to the other facies and shows some compositional and textural similarities to float rocks near Yellowknife Bay. The remaining facies (4, 5, and 6) are similar in composition to the Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake members, although the Shaler facies have slightly elevated K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O and FeO</span><sub>T</sub><span>. Several analysis points within Shaler suggest the presence of feldspars, though these points have excess FeO</span><sub>T</sub><span>&nbsp;which suggests the presence of Fe oxide cement or inclusions. The majority of LIBS analyses have compositions which indicate that they are mixtures of pyroxene and feldspar. The Shaler feldspathic compositions are more alkaline than typical feldspars from shergottites, suggesting an alkaline basaltic source region, particularly for the K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O-enriched Facies 7. Apart from possible iron-oxide cement, there is little evidence for chemical alteration at Shaler, although calcium-sulfate veins comparable to those observed lower in the stratigraphic section are present. The differing compositions, and inferred provenances at Shaler, suggest compositionally heterogeneous terrain in the Gale crater rim and surroundings, and intermittent periods of deposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.025","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.B., Bridges, J., Williams, A., Edgar, L., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Nachon, M., Mangold, N., Fisk, M., Schieber, J., Gupta, S., Dromart, G., Wiens, R., Le Mouélic, S., Forni, O., Lanza, N., Mezzacappa, A., Sautter, V., Blaney, D., Clark, B., Clegg, S., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Lewis, K., Maurice, S., Newsom, H., Schwenzer, S., and Vaniman, D., 2015, ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars: Icarus, v. 249, no. First Year of MSL, p. 2-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.025.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053297","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gale crater, Mars","volume":"249","issue":"First Year of MSL","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1ee4b0b22a15806135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":4215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science 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A.","contributorId":30119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, J.","contributorId":76270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nachon, Marion","contributorId":48485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nachon","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mangold, N.","contributorId":101164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fisk, 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,{"id":70158663,"text":"70158663 - 2015 - The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:40:21","indexId":"70158663","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum","docAbstract":"<p>A better understanding is needed of how hydrological and biogeochemical processes control dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from headwaters downstream to large rivers. We examined a large DOM dataset from the National Water Information System of the US Geological Survey, which represents approximately 100&thinsp;000 measurements of DOC concentration and DOM composition at many sites along rivers across the United States. Application of quantile regression revealed a tendency towards downstream spatial and temporal homogenization of DOC concentrations and a shift from dominance of aromatic DOM in headwaters to more aliphatic DOM downstream. The DOC concentration&ndash;discharge (C-Q) relationships at each site revealed a downstream tendency towards a slope of zero. We propose that despite complexities in river networks that have driven many revisions to the River Continuum Concept, rivers show a tendency towards chemostasis (C-Q slope of zero) because of a downstream shift from a dominance of hydrologic drivers that connect terrestrial DOM sources to streams in the headwaters towards a dominance of instream and near-stream biogeochemical processes that result in preferential losses of aromatic DOM and preferential gains of aliphatic DOM.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Canada","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0400","collaboration":"Federal Program","usgsCitation":"Creed, I., McKnight, D.M., Pellerin, B., Green, M., Bergamaschi, B.A., Aiken, G.R., Burns, D.A., Findlay, S.E., Shanley, J.B., Striegl, R.G., Aulenbach, B.T., Clow, D.W., Laudon, H., McGlynn, B.L., McGuire, K.J., Smith, R.A., and Stackpoole, S.M., 2015, The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter 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,{"id":70145965,"text":"ofr20151064 - 2015 - Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T10:46:24","indexId":"ofr20151064","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1064","displayTitle":"Safety of spray-dried powder formulated <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","title":"Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments","docAbstract":"<p>The exposure effects of a commercially prepared spray dried powder (SDP) formulation of&nbsp;<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>&nbsp;(strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of unionid mussels endemic to the Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins was evaluated in this study. The study exposures were completed within replicated 350-liter test tanks contained within a mobile bioassay laboratory sited on the shores of the Black River near La Crosse, Wisconsin. The test tanks were supplied with flowing, filtered river water which was interrupted during the exposure period.</p><p>Two groups of seven species of mussels were used in equal proportions in the study. The first group was exposed to SDP for 8 hours, and the second group was exposed to SDP for 24 hours. Individually tagged mussels were randomly allocated to test tanks until all test tanks contained 8 to 10 mussels of each species (dependent upon the number available for testing).</p><p>The experimental unit for the trial was the individual test tank, and treatment group was assigned using a randomized block design. The treatment groups for each exposure duration consisted of (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. All mussel species and both exposure duration groups were exposed concurrently (that is, one-half of the mussels were removed after 8 hours of SDP exposure and the remaining mussels were removed after 24 hours of SDP exposure). All treatment concentrations are reported as active ingredient.</p><p>After exposure, the mussels were consolidated into wire mesh cages and placed in the Black River for a 27-28 day postexposure period, after which time survival of mussels was assessed. Of the 1,170 mussels tested in the study, 3 were confirmed dead and 5 were not recovered and treated as mortalities in the analysis. The effect and interactions of species, SDP exposure concentration, and SDP exposure duration were analyzed and did not affect mussel survival (p &gt; 0.98). The results from this study indicate that SDP exposure at the maximum approved open-water concentration of 100 mg/L for up to 3 times the maximum approved open-water exposure duration of 8 hours (in other words for 24 hours of exposure) is unlikely to reduce survival of subadult or adult mussels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151064","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Weber, K.L., Waller, D.L., Wise, J.K., Mayer, D.A., and Aloisi, D.B., 2015, Safety of spray-dried powder formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A exposure to subadult/adult unionid mussels during simulated open-water treatments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1064, vi, 248 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151064.","productDescription":"vi, 248 p.","numberOfPages":"255","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064087","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151064.jpg"},{"id":299734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/pdf/ofr2015-1064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1064/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"La Crosse","otherGeospatial":"Black River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.24742031097412,\n              43.86303107676215\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23566150665282,\n              43.86303107676215\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23566150665282,\n              43.870812454958475\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24742031097412,\n              43.870812454958475\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24742031097412,\n              43.86303107676215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1fe4b0b22a1580613f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wise, Jeremy K. 0000-0003-0184-6959 jwise@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6959","contributorId":5009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwise@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":140168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13400,"text":"New York State Museum, Cambridge Field Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aloisi, Douglas B.","contributorId":140169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aloisi","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70146520,"text":"70146520 - 2015 - Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T08:33:52","indexId":"70146520","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">The Cook Islands (CIs) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) encompasses 1,977,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;and includes the Penrhyn and Samoa basins abyssal plains where manganese nodules flourish due to the availability of prolific nucleus material, slow sedimentation rates, and strong bottom currents. A group of CIs nodules was analyzed for mineralogical and chemical composition, which include many critical metals not before analyzed for CIs nodules. These nodules have varying sizes and nuclei material; however all are composed predominantly of &delta;-MnO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;and X-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The mineralogy, Fe/Mn ratios, rare earth element contents, and slow growth rates (mean 1.9&nbsp;mm/10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;years) reflect formation primarily by hydrogenetic precipitation. The paucity of diagenetic input can be explained by low primary productivity at the surface and resultant low organic matter content in seafloor sediment, producing oxic seafloor and sub-seafloor environments. The nodules contain high mean contents of Co (0.41%), Ni (0.38%), Ti (1.20%), and total rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY; 0.167%), and also high contents of Mo, Nb, V, W, and Zr.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0010\">Compiled data from a series of four cruises by the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Mining agency of Japan from 1985 to 2000 were used to generate a map that defines the statistical distribution of nodule abundance throughout the EEZ, except the Manihiki Plateau. The abundance distribution map shows a belt of high nodule abundance (19&ndash;45&nbsp;kg/m<sup>2</sup>) that starts in the southeast corner of the EEZ, runs northwest, and also bifurcates into a SW trending branch. Small, isolated areas contain abundances of nodules of up to 58&nbsp;kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Six ~&nbsp;20,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;areas of particularly high abundance were chosen to represent potential exploration areas, and maps for metal concentration were generated to visualize metal distribution and to extrapolate estimated metal tonnages within the six sites and the EEZ as a whole. Grades for Mn, Cu, and Ni are low in CIs nodules in areas of high abundance; however, Ti, Co, and REY show high contents where nodule abundances are high. Of the six areas identified to represent a range of metal contents, one at the northern end of the N-S abundance main belt optimizes the most metals and would yield the highest dry metric tons for Mn (61,002,292), Ni (1,247,834), Mo (186,166), V (356,247), W (30,215), and Zr (195,323). When compared with the Clarion&ndash;Clipperton Zone, the CIs nodules show higher nodule abundances (&gt;&nbsp;25&nbsp;kg/m<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;over ~&nbsp;123,844&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), and are more enriched in the green-tech, high-tech, and energy metals Co, Ti, Te, Nb, REY, Pt, and Zr. The CIs EEZ shows a significant resource potential for these critical metals due to their high prices, high demand, and the high nodule abundance, which will allow for a smaller footprint for a 20-year mine site and therefore smaller environmental impact.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.011","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., Spinardi, F., Okamoto, N., Mizell, K., Thorburn, D., and Tawake, A., 2015, Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 68, p. 97-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.12.011.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059336","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cook Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.20263671875,\n              -21.616579336740593\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.49951171875,\n              -21.616579336740593\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.49951171875,\n              -20.776659051878816\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.20263671875,\n              -20.776659051878816\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.20263671875,\n              -21.616579336740593\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1ee4b0b22a15806137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spinardi, Francesca fspinardi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinardi","given":"Francesca","email":"fspinardi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okamoto, Nobuyuki","contributorId":140284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okamoto","given":"Nobuyuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13441,"text":"Sea-Floor Mineral Resources R&D Division, Metals Mining Technology Dept.,   JOGMEC, 2-10-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorburn, Darryl","contributorId":140285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorburn","given":"Darryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13442,"text":"Seabed Minerals Authority, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tawake, Akuila","contributorId":140286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tawake","given":"Akuila","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13443,"text":"SOPAC Division of the SPC, Private Mail Bag, GPO, Suva, Fiji Islands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70145964,"text":"ofr20151066 - 2015 - Exposure-related effects of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (<i>Pf</i>-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-15T09:01:50","indexId":"ofr20151066","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1066","title":"Exposure-related effects of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (<i>Pf</i>-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels","docAbstract":"<p>The exposure-related effects of a commercially prepared spray-dried powder (SDP) or freeze-dried powder (FDP) formulation of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(strain CL145A) on the survival of seven species of newly metamorphosed (&lt;72 hours old) freshwater unionid mussels was evaluated. Forty unionid mussels of each species were randomly distributed to test chambers and each species independently exposed for 24 hours to a static dose of either SDP (four species:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Lampsilis cardium</i>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Lampsilis siliquoidea</i>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Lampsilis higginsii</i>, and<i>Ligumia recta</i>) or FDP (three species:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Obovaria olivaria</i>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>Actinonaias ligamentina</i>, and<i>Megalonaias nervosa</i>).</p>\n<p>Each test chamber was assigned to one of six treatment groups (<i>n</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>= four chambers per group) by using a randomized block design. The six treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) groups that received applications with nominal target active ingredient (AI) concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and (3) a group that received an application with a nominal target AI concentration of 300 mg/L of heat-deactivated test article (300 HD). After a 24-hour exposure period, water inflow to the test chambers was restored, and the unionid mussels were maintained for an additional 7 days before they were assessed for survival.</p>\n<p>Mean survival of four unionid mussels species exposed to SDP varied among species and treatment groups when compared to the untreated control groups. The results indicate that exposure to SDP-formulated<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>P. fluorescens</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. siliquoidea</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. higginsii</i>. Low mean survival in the<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. recta</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>control group (25.0 percent) indicates that results for<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. recta</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>should be interpreted with caution. Mean survival of the<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. cardium</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>was significantly lower in all treated groups (14.4 to 40.6 percent) compared to the control group (68.8 percent). These results indicate that further investigation on the impact of SDP-formulated<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>P. fluorescens</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>on<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. recta</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>L. cardium</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>is warranted.</p>\n<p>Mean survival of three unionid mussels species exposed to FDP was not significantly different in the 50-, 100-, and 200-mg/L AI treatment groups and the 300 mg/L heat-deactivated treatment groups when compared to the control groups. Mean survival of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>O. olivaria</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>M. nervosa</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>was significantly lower in the 300-mg/L AI treated groups (38.1 and 48.1 percent, respectively) compared to the control groups (71.9 and 88.1 percent, respectively). The results indicate that exposure to FDP-formulated<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>P. fluorescens</i><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>up to the maximum label concentration (100 mg/L AI) and up to three times the maximum label exposure duration (8 hours) is not likely to affect the survival of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>O. olivaria</i>,<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>A. ligamentina</i>, and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span><i>M. nervosa</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151066","usgsCitation":"Weber, K.L., Luoma, J.A., Mayer, D.A., Aloisi, D.B., and Eckert, N.L., 2015, Exposure-related effects of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (<i>Pf</i>-CL145A) on juvenile unionid mussels: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1066, viii, 663 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151066.","productDescription":"viii, 663 p.","startPage":"663 p.","numberOfPages":"664","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063676","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299715,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151066.jpg"},{"id":299712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/pdf/ofr2015-1066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299708,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1066/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530cf1fe4b0b22a1580613b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":140168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13400,"text":"New York State Museum, Cambridge Field Research Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aloisi, Douglas B.","contributorId":140169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aloisi","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eckert, Nathan L.","contributorId":140170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckert","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70142424,"text":"sir20155039 - 2015 - Characterization of streamflow, salinity, and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T14:13:49","indexId":"sir20155039","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5039","title":"Characterization of streamflow, salinity, and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Salinity and dissolved selenium are known water-quality impairments in the lower Gunnison River watershed of western Colorado. Salinity is a concern because of its adverse effects on agricultural land and equipment, and on municipal and industrial users. The Montrose Arroyo watershed in Montrose, Colorado, contains agricultural and residential areas as well as undeveloped land and has undergone substantial land-use change since the early 1990s. Previous sampling efforts indicated salinity concentrations and loads have remained constant since land-use change began in the early 1990s; however, recent sampling also indicated that dissolved-selenium concentrations and loads have begun to increase. In response to the potential increasing dissolved-selenium concentrations and loads, the U.S. Geological Survey&mdash;in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation; Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum; and Colorado River Water Conservation District&mdash;continued to monitor salinity and dissolved-selenium concentrations and loads in the Montrose Arroyo watershed. This report characterizes salinity and dissolved-selenium loads in Montrose Arroyo from 1992 to 2013 at three sites: Montrose Arroyo at East Niagara Street (MA2, U.S. Geological Survey site identification number 382802107513301), Montrose Arroyo at 6700 Road (MA3, U.S. Geological Survey site identification number 382711107500501), and Montrose Arroyo at 6750 and Ogden Roads (MA4, U.S. Geological Survey site identification number 382702107493701). A detailed land-use change analysis was also characterized in the MA3 subwatershed.</p>\n<p>The three sites were used to monitor salinity and dissolved-selenium concentrations and loads in Montrose Arroyo. Over a period from December 2011 through September 2013, 46 water-quality samples and streamflow measurements were collected at sites MA2, MA3, and MA4. Streamflow, salinity concentrations and loads, and selenium concentrations and loads were characterized and compared between the pre-lateral (before April 1999) and post-growth periods (March 2008 through September 2013) and between post-lateral (April 1999 through October 2000) and post-growth periods.</p>\n<p>Results from a previous USGS study on the characterization of salinity and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo from 1992 to 2010 indicated that there was no change in salinity load at site MA2 and a significant increase in dissolved-selenium load from the pre-lateral period to the post-growth period. Data associated with this report indicate the selenium loads at site MA2 show no significant change from the pre-lateral period to the post-growth period. In addition, both salinity load and dissolved-selenium load at site MA3 show significant decreases in salinity and dissolved-selenium load for both periods that are potentially associated with land-use change.</p>\n<p>Land use was characterized for 1992, 2002, and 2009 for site MA3. The common land-use change in the MA3 subwatershed was a conversion from previously irrigated agricultural land to urban land use. The MA3 subwatershed had 124 acres of irrigated land use converted to urban land use and 27.1 acres of unirrigated desert converted to urban land use from 1992 to 2009. Consistent with findings in previous land-use change reports, salinity and dissolved-selenium loading at site MA3 showed significant decreases as irrigated land was converted to urban land use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155039","collaboration":"Bureau of Reclamation; Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum; Colorado River Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., and Moore, J.L., 2015, Characterization of streamflow, salinity, and selenium loading and land-use change in Montrose Arroyo, western Colorado, from 1992 to 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5039, v, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155039.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","startPage":"18","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-060484","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299710,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5039/pdf/sir2015-5039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"25.6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299703,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5039/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Montrose","otherGeospatial":"Montrose Arroyo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.80634880065918,\n              38.48705404120269\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7883243560791,\n              38.478050840591465\n            ],\n   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L.","contributorId":68447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70147593,"text":"70147593 - 2015 - Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subtropical forested cypress and pine wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T22:50:40","indexId":"70147593","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subtropical forested cypress and pine wetlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and forested subtropical wetlands is largely unknown. Here we report a first step in characterizing this atmospheric–ecosystem carbon (C) exchange, for cypress strands and pine forests in the Greater Everglades of Florida as measured with eddy covariance methods at three locations (Cypress Swamp, Dwarf Cypress and Pine Upland) for 2 years. Links between water and C cycles are also examined at these three sites, as are methane emission measured only at the Dwarf Cypress site. Each forested wetland showed net C uptake from the atmosphere both monthly and annually, as indicated by the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>). For this study, NEE is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration, with negative values representing uptake from the atmosphere that is retained in the ecosystem or transported laterally via overland flow (unmeasured for this study). Atmospheric C uptake (NEE) was greatest at the Cypress Swampp (−900 to −1000 g C m</span><sup>2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), moderate at the Pine Upland (−650 to −700 g C m</span><sup>2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and least at the Dwarf Cypress (−400 to −450 g C m</span><sup>2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Changes in NEE were clearly a function of seasonality in solar insolation, air temperature and flooding, which suppressed heterotrophic soil respiration. We also note that changes in the satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI) served as a useful surrogate for changes in NEE at these forested wetland sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-2285-2015","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, W., Anderson, F.E., Barr, J.G., Graham, S.L., and Botkin, D.B., 2015, Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subtropical forested cypress and pine wetlands: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 2285-2300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2285-2015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2285","endPage":"2300","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056860","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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Barclay bshoemak@usgs.gov","contributorId":1495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","email":"bshoemak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Scott L.","contributorId":140576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Botkin, Daniel B.","contributorId":90917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Botkin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13532,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188060,"text":"70188060 - 2015 - Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:30:10.62787","indexId":"70188060","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners’ use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions?</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12397","usgsCitation":"Rose, R., Byler, D., Eastman, J.R., Fleishman, E., Geller, G., Goetz, S., Guild, L., Hamilton, H., Hansen, M., Headley, R., Hewson, J., Horning, N., Kaplin, B.A., Laporte, N., Leidner, A., Leimgruber, P., Morisette, J.T., Musinsky, J., Pintea, L., Prados, A., Radeloff, V., Rowen, M., Saatchi, S., Schill, S., Tabor, K., Turner, W., Vodacek, A., Vogelmann, J., Wegmann, M., Wilkie, D., and Wilson, C., 2015, Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 350-359, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12397.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"359","ipdsId":"IP-055934","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84bfe4b092b266f10d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Robert A.","contributorId":192397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byler, Dirck","contributorId":192398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byler","given":"Dirck","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastman, J. Ron","contributorId":192399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geller, Gary","contributorId":81395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geller","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goetz, Scott","contributorId":75259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guild, Liane","contributorId":192400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guild","given":"Liane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hamilton, Healy","contributorId":192401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Healy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hansen, Matt","contributorId":61330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Headley, Rachel rheadley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Headley","given":"Rachel","email":"rheadley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":696445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hewson, Jennifer","contributorId":192402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Horning, Ned","contributorId":192403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horning","given":"Ned","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kaplin, Beth A.","contributorId":192404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplin","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Laporte, Nadine","contributorId":192405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laporte","given":"Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Leidner, Allison K.","contributorId":92909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leidner","given":"Allison K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Leimgruber, Peter","contributorId":192406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leimgruber","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Musinsky, John","contributorId":192407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musinsky","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Pintea, Lilian","contributorId":192408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pintea","given":"Lilian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Prados, Ana","contributorId":192409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prados","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Radeloff, Volker C.","contributorId":76169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radeloff","given":"Volker C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Rowen, Mary","contributorId":192410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowen","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Saatchi, Sassan","contributorId":192411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saatchi","given":"Sassan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Schill, Steve","contributorId":26184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Tabor, Karyn","contributorId":192412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tabor","given":"Karyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Turner, Woody","contributorId":149221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Woody","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17679,"text":"Earth Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington D.C.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Vodacek, Anthony","contributorId":192413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vodacek","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":192352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Wegmann, Martin","contributorId":177540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegmann","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Wilkie, David","contributorId":192414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkie","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Wilson, Cara","contributorId":192415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Cara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}}
,{"id":70173441,"text":"70173441 - 2015 - Is there a single best estimator? selection of home range estimators using area- under- the-curve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T15:56:43","indexId":"70173441","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there a single best estimator? selection of home range estimators using area- under- the-curve","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Background</h3>\n<p id=\"Par1\" class=\"Para\">Global positioning system (GPS) technology for monitoring home range and movements of wildlife has resulted in prohibitively large sample sizes of locations for traditional estimators of home range. We used area-under-the-curve to explore the fit of 8 estimators of home range to data collected with both GPS and concurrent very high frequency (VHF) technology on a terrestrial mammal, the Florida panther&nbsp;<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Puma concolor coryi</i>, to evaluate recently developed and traditional estimators.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Results</h3>\n<p id=\"Par2\" class=\"Para\">Area-under-the-curve was the highest for Florida panthers equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology compared to VHF technology. For our study animal, estimators of home range that incorporated a temporal component to estimation performed better than traditional first- and second-generation estimators.</p>\n</div>\n<div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\">\n<h3 class=\"Heading\">Conclusions</h3>\n<p id=\"Par3\" class=\"Para\">Comparisons of fit of home range contours with locations collected would suggest that use of VHF technology is not as accurate as GPS technology to estimate size of home range for large mammals. Estimators of home range collected with GPS technology performed better than those estimated with VHF technology regardless of estimator used. Furthermore, estimators that incorporate a temporal component (third-generation estimators) appeared to be the most reliable regardless of whether kernel-based or Brownian bridge-based algorithms were used and in comparison to first- and second-generation estimators. We defined third-generation estimators of home range as any estimator that incorporates time, space, animal-specific parameters, and habitat. Such estimators would include movement-based kernel density, Brownian bridge movement models, and dynamic Brownian bridge movement models among others that have yet to be evaluated.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd","doi":"10.1186/s40462-015-0039-4","usgsCitation":"Walter, W.D., Onorato, D.P., and Fischer, J.W., 2015, Is there a single best estimator? selection of home range estimators using area- under- the-curve: Movement Ecology, v. 3, no. 10, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-015-0039-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058810","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-015-0039-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.705322265625,\n              26.175158990178133\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.177978515625,\n              25.760319754713887\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.892333984375,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.606689453125,\n              25.423431426334247\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.452880859375,\n              26.194876675795218\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.595703125,\n              26.42138972529502\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              26.519735305660795\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.63940429687499,\n              26.480407161007275\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.705322265625,\n              26.175158990178133\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612ab2e4b04f417c2ce4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073 wwalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":5083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.","email":"wwalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onorato, Dave P.","contributorId":171827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onorato","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Justin W.","contributorId":171828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170027,"text":"70170027 - 2015 - The effect of research activities and winter precipitation on voiding behaviour of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T14:27:00","indexId":"70170027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of research activities and winter precipitation on voiding behaviour of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Context:</strong>&nbsp;There is little information available on how research activities might cause stress responses in wildlife, especially responses of threatened species such as the desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>).</p>\n<p><strong>Aims:</strong>&nbsp;The present study aims to detect behavioural effects of researcher handling and winter precipitation on a natural population of desert tortoises in the desert of Southwestern United States, over the period 1997 to 2014, through extensive assessments of capture events during multiple research studies, and capture&ndash;mark&ndash;recapture survivorship analysis.</p>\n<p><strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;Juvenile and adult desert tortoises were repeatedly handled with consistent methodology across 18 years during 10 study seasons. Using a generalised linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the effects of both research manipulation and abiotic conditions on probability of voiding. Additionally, we used a Cormack&ndash;Jolly&ndash;Seber model to assess the effects of winter precipitation and voiding on long-term apparent survivorship.</p>\n<p><strong>Key results:</strong>&nbsp;Of 1008 total capture events, voiding was recorded on 83 (8.2%) occasions in 42 different individuals. Our top models indicated that increases in handling time led to significantly higher probabilities of voiding for juveniles, females and males. Similarly, increases in precipitation resulted in significantly higher probabilities of voiding for juveniles and females, but not for males. Tortoise capture frequency was negatively correlated with voiding occurrence. Cormack&ndash;Jolly&ndash;Seber models demonstrated a weak effect of winter precipitation on survivorship, but a negligible effect for both voiding behaviour and sex.</p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>&nbsp;Handling-induced voiding by desert tortoises may occur during common research activities and years of above average winter precipitation. Increased likelihood of voiding in individuals with relatively low numbers of recaptures suggested that tortoises may have perceived researchers initially as predators, and therefore voided as a defensive strategy. Voiding does not appear to impact long-term survivorship in desert tortoises at this site.</p>\n<p><strong>Implications:</strong>&nbsp;This study has demonstrated that common handling practices on desert tortoise may cause voiding behaviour. These results suggest that in order to minimise undesirable behavioural responses in studied desert tortoise populations, defined procedures or protocols must be followed by the investigators to reduce contact period to the extent feasible.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","publisherLocation":"East Melbourne, Australia","doi":"10.1071/WR14196","usgsCitation":"Agha, M., Murphy, M.O., Lovich, J.E., Ennen, J.R., Oldham, C.R., Meyer-Wilkins, K., Bjurlin, C., Austin, M., Madrak, S.V., Loughran, C.L., Tennant, L.A., and Price, S.J., 2015, The effect of research activities and winter precipitation on voiding behaviour of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>): Wildlife Research, v. 41, no. 8, p. 641-649, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR14196.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053514","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"41","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ff9c3be4b0328dcb7eab59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Mason O.","contributorId":139509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Mason","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":12782,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.  mason.murphy@uky.edu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":83858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oldham, Christian R.","contributorId":168430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25289,"text":"Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer-Wilkins, Kathie","contributorId":8742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer-Wilkins","given":"Kathie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bjurlin, Curtis","contributorId":90183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjurlin","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Austin, Meaghan","contributorId":37244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Meaghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Madrak, Sheila V.","contributorId":7403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madrak","given":"Sheila","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Loughran, Caleb L.","contributorId":26599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loughran","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tennant, Laura A. 0000-0003-0062-7287 ltennant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-7287","contributorId":5984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennant","given":"Laura","email":"ltennant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Price, Steven J. 0000-0002-2388-0579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-0579","contributorId":57738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70146289,"text":"70146289 - 2015 - Forecasting sagebrush ecosystem components and greater sage-grouse habitat for 2050: learning from past climate patterns and Landsat imagery to predict the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:00:39","indexId":"70146289","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting sagebrush ecosystem components and greater sage-grouse habitat for 2050: learning from past climate patterns and Landsat imagery to predict the future","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sagebrush (</span><i>Artemisia</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>spp.) ecosystems constitute the largest single North American shrub ecosystem and provide vital ecological, hydrological, biological, agricultural, and recreational ecosystem services. Disturbances have altered and reduced this ecosystem historically, but climate change may ultimately represent the greatest future risk. Improved ways to quantify, monitor, and predict climate-driven gradual change in this ecosystem is vital to its future management. We examined the annual change of Daymet precipitation (daily gridded climate data) and five remote sensing ecosystem sagebrush vegetation and soil components (bare ground, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush, and shrub) from 1984 to 2011 in southwestern Wyoming. Bare ground displayed an increasing trend in abundance over time, and herbaceous, litter, shrub, and sagebrush showed a decreasing trend. Total precipitation amounts show a downward trend during the same period. We established statistically significant correlations between each sagebrush component and historical precipitation records using a simple least squares linear regression. Using the historical relationship between sagebrush component abundance and precipitation in a linear model, we forecasted the abundance of the sagebrush components in 2050 using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) precipitation scenarios A1B and A2. Bare ground was the only component that increased under both future scenarios, with a net increase of 48.98&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(1.1%) across the study area under the A1B scenario and 41.15&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(0.9%) under the A2 scenario. The remaining components decreased under both future scenarios: litter had the highest net reductions with 49.82&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(4.1%) under A1B and 50.8&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(4.2%) under A2, and herbaceous had the smallest net reductions with 39.95&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(3.8%) under A1B and 40.59&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(3.3%) under A2. We applied the 2050 forecast sagebrush component values to contemporary (circa 2006) greater sage-grouse (</span><i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i><span>) habitat models to evaluate the effects of potential climate-induced habitat change. Under the 2050 IPCC A1B scenario, 11.6% of currently identified nesting habitat was lost, and 0.002% of new potential habitat was gained, with 4% of summer habitat lost and 0.039% gained. Our results demonstrate the successful ability of remote sensing based sagebrush components, when coupled with precipitation, to forecast future component response using IPCC precipitation scenarios. Our approach also enables future quantification of greater sage-grouse habitat under different precipitation scenarios, and provides additional capability to identify regional precipitation influence on sagebrush component response.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.002","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Xian, G.Z., Aldridge, C.L., Meyer, D.K., Loveland, T.R., and O’Donnell, M.S., 2015, Forecasting sagebrush ecosystem components and greater sage-grouse habitat for 2050: learning from past climate patterns and Landsat imagery to predict the future: Ecological Indicators, v. 55, p. 131-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061116","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.96240234375,\n              41.48080459927738\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.00473022460938,\n              41.6770148220322\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.69573974609375,\n              42.56926437219384\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.65341186523436,\n              42.37883631647602\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.96240234375,\n              41.48080459927738\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552f7d9ae4b0b22a158031c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Debra K. 0000-0002-8841-697X dkmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":3145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Debra","email":"dkmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70159193,"text":"70159193 - 2015 - The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-19T10:35:15","indexId":"70159193","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts","docAbstract":"<p>In recent years there has been significant interest in modelling cumulative effects and the population consequences of individual changes in cetacean behaviour and physiology due to disturbance. One potential source of disturbance that has garnered particular interest is whale-watching. Though perceived as &lsquo;green&rsquo; or eco-friendly tourism, there is evidence that whale-watching can result in statistically significant and biologically meaningful changes in cetacean behaviour, raising the question whether whale-watching is in fact a long term sustainable activity. However, an assessment of the impacts of whale-watching on cetaceans requires an understanding of the potential behavioural and physiological effects, data to effectively address the question and suitable modelling techniques. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the viability of long-term whale-watching, as well as logistical limitations and potential opportunities. We conclude that an integrated, coordinated approach will be needed to further understanding of the possible effects of whale-watching on cetaceans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Applied Science","publisherLocation":"Barking, Essex, England","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.006","usgsCitation":"New, L., Hall, A.J., Harcourt, R., Kaufman, G., Parsons, E., Pearson, H.C., Cosentino, A.M., and Schick, R.S., 2015, The modelling and assessment of whale-watching impacts: Ocean and Coastal Management, v. 115, p. 10-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064920","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261497e4b0fb9a11dd765d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"New, Leslie lnew@usgs.gov","contributorId":145484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"New","given":"Leslie","email":"lnew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Ailsa J.","contributorId":40915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Ailsa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harcourt, Robert","contributorId":149302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harcourt","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufman, Greg","contributorId":149303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parsons, E.C.M.","contributorId":149304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsons","given":"E.C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pearson, Heidi C.","contributorId":149305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cosentino, A. Mel","contributorId":149306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cosentino","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schick, Robert S","contributorId":149294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":12470,"text":"University of St. Andrews","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70154768,"text":"70154768 - 2015 - A sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) sex pheromone mixture increases trap catch relative to a single synthesized component in specific environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:53:08","indexId":"70154768","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2205,"text":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) sex pheromone mixture increases trap catch relative to a single synthesized component in specific environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spermiating male sea lamprey (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) release a sex pheromone, of which a component, 7α, 12α, 24-trihydoxy-3-one-5α-cholan-24-sulfate (3kPZS), has been identified and shown to induce long distance preference responses in ovulated females. However, other pheromone components exist, and when 3kPZS alone was used to control invasive sea lamprey populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, trap catch increase was significant, but gains were generally marginal. We hypothesized that free-ranging sea lamprey populations discriminate between a partial and complete pheromone while migrating to spawning grounds and searching for mates at spawning grounds. As a means to test our hypothesis, and to test two possible uses of sex pheromones for sea lamprey control, we asked whether the full sex pheromone mixture released by males (spermiating male washings; SMW) is more effective than 3kPZS in capturing animals in traditional traps (1) en route to spawning grounds and (2) at spawning grounds. At locations where traps target sea lampreys en route to spawning grounds, SMW-baited traps captured significantly more sea lampreys than paired 3kPZS-baited traps (~10&nbsp;% increase). At spawning grounds, no difference in trap catch was observed between 3kPZS and SMW-baited traps. The lack of an observed difference at spawning grounds may be attributed to increased pheromone competition and possible involvement of other sensory modalities to locate mates. Because fishes often rely on multiple and sometimes redundant sensory modalities for critical life history events, the addition of sex pheromones to traditionally used traps is not likely to work in all circumstances. In the case of the sea lamprey, sex pheromone application may increase catch when applied to specifically designed traps deployed in streams with low adult density and limited spawning habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10886-015-0561-2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Tix, J., Hlina, B.L., Wagner, C.M., Siefkes, M.J., Wang, H., and Li, W., 2015, A sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) sex pheromone mixture increases trap catch relative to a single synthesized component in specific environments: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 311-321, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-015-0561-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060452","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f2be4b0b6d21dd6cbd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tix, John A.","contributorId":126766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tix","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":6602,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hlina, Benjamin L.","contributorId":145441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hlina","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, C. Michael","contributorId":145442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siefkes, Michael J.","contributorId":36905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siefkes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":79007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70142771,"text":"ds927 - 2015 - Surface geophysics and porewater evaluation at the Lower Darby Creek Area Superfund Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T14:48:51","indexId":"ds927","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"927","title":"Surface geophysics and porewater evaluation at the Lower Darby Creek Area Superfund Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013","docAbstract":"<p><span>In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 3, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is participating in an ongoing study to aid in the identification of subsurface heterogeneities that may act as preferential pathways for contaminant transport in and around the Lower Darby Creek Area (LDCA) Superfund Site, Philadelphia Pa. Lower Darby Creek, which flows into the Delaware River, borders the western part of the former landfill site. In 2013, the USGS conducted surface geophysics measurements and stream porewater sampling to provide additional data for EPA&rsquo;s site characterization. This report contains data collected from field measurements of direct current (DC) resistivity, frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys, and stream porewater specific conductance (SC).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds927","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Walker, C.W., Degnan, J.R., Brayton, M.J., Cruz, R., and Lorah, M.M., 2015, Surface geophysics and porewater evaluation at the Lower Darby Creek Area Superfund Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 927, Report: iv, 6 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds927.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-064184","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0927/pdf/ds927.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0927/appendix/ds927_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"144 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Direct Current Resisitivity Data"},{"id":299686,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0927/appendix/ds927_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"FDEM Survey Data"},{"id":299683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0927/"},{"id":299687,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0927/appendix/ds927_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"29.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"Specific Conductance Survey Data"},{"id":299688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds927.jpg"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection","datum":"NAD 1983 Pennsylvania State Plane (South)","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","otherGeospatial":"Lower Darby Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.25310754776001,\n              39.897687011984054\n            ],\n            [\n          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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brayton, Michael J. mbrayton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brayton","given":"Michael","email":"mbrayton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruz, Roberto M. rmcruz@usgs.gov","contributorId":139630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Roberto M.","email":"rmcruz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X 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,{"id":70171346,"text":"70171346 - 2015 - Linking behavior, physiology, and survival of Atlantic Salmon smolts during estuary migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:06:51","indexId":"70171346","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking behavior, physiology, and survival of Atlantic Salmon smolts during estuary migration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Decreased marine survival is identified as a component driver of continued declines of Atlantic Salmon </span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>. However, estimates of marine mortality often incorporate loss incurred during estuary migration that may be mechanistically distinct from factors affecting marine mortality. We examined movements and survival of 941&nbsp;smolts (141&nbsp;wild and 800&nbsp;hatchery-reared fish) released in freshwater during passage through the Penobscot River estuary, Maine, from 2005 to 2013. We related trends in estuary arrival date, movement rate, and survival to fish characteristics, migratory history, and environmental conditions in the estuary. Fish that experienced the warmest thermal history arrived in the estuary 8 d earlier than those experiencing the coolest thermal history during development. Estuary arrival date was 10 d later for fish experiencing high flow than for fish experiencing low flow. Fish released furthest upstream arrived in the estuary 3 d later than those stocked further downstream but moved 0.5&nbsp;km/h faster through the estuary. Temporally, movement rate and survival in the estuary both peaked in mid-May. Spatially, movement rate and survival both decreased from freshwater to the ocean. Wild smolts arrived in the estuary later than hatchery fish, but we observed no change in movement rate or survival attributable to rearing history. Fish with the highest gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity incurred 25% lower mortality through the estuary than fish with the lowest gill Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity. Smolt survival decreased (by up to 40%) with the increasing number of dams passed (ranging from two to nine) during freshwater migration. These results underscore the importance of physiological preparedness on performance and the delayed, indirect effects of dams on survival of Atlantic Salmon smolts during estuary migration, ultimately affecting marine survival estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2015.1007185","usgsCitation":"Stich, D.S., Zydlewski, G.B., Kocik, J.F., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2015, Linking behavior, physiology, and survival of Atlantic Salmon smolts during estuary migration: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 7, no. 1, p. 68-86, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2015.1007185.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060905","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2015.1007185","text":"External Repository"},{"id":321860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d65a6e4b07e28b66845fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":139212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12606,"text":"University of Maine, Dept of Plant, Soil, & Envir Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":169688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocik, John F.","contributorId":103162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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