The North American naturalist Constantine S. Rafinesque spent much of the year 1818 engaged in a solo journey down the Ohio River Valley to explore parts of what was then the western United States. Along the way, he visited a number of fellow naturalists, and he spent more than a week at the Henderson, Kentucky, home of artist and ornithologist John James Audubon. During the succeeding two years, Rafinesque published descriptions of new species that resulted from his expedition, including eleven species of fishes that eventually proved to have been invented by Audubon as a prank on the credulous naturalist. Less well known are a number of “wild rats” described by Rafinesque that include one recognized species (Musculus leucopus) and ten other, imaginary “species” fabricated by Audubon (Gerbillus leonurus, G. megalops, Spalax trivittata, Cricetus fasciatus, Sorex cerulescens, S. melanotis, Musculus nigricans, Lemmus albovittatus, L. talpoides, Sciurus ruber). Rafinesque's unpublished sketches of these animals provide important insight regarding the supposed nature of the animals invented by Audubon and ultimately published by Rafinesque.
Imagine a family of six whose livelihood is based on subsistence farming on a small, maybe one hectare, parcel of land somewhere in Africa. The seasonal rainfall varies greatly, from 500 to 800 mm per year, and the land is degraded. Thus, the parcel’s total productivity is not more than 1.5 tonnes in a good year, hardly meeting the family’s food requirements. The lack of surplus grain eliminates the need for grain storage structures, and due to the high rainfall variability, drought hazard is always looming, with an average recurrence interval of five to ten years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., 2016, The power of remote sensing: Global monitoring of weather, water, and crops with satellites and data integration: Resource: Engineering and Technology for a Sustainable World, v. 23, no. 2, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-069936","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=46628"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84b9e4b092b266f10d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70178117,"text":"70178117 - 2016 - Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-03T11:20:58","indexId":"70178117","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America","docAbstract":"We evaluate six crustal amplification models based on National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C crustal profiles proposed for use in western North America (WNA) and often used in other active crustal regions where crustal properties are unknown. One of the models is based on an interpolation of generic rock velocity profiles previously proposed for WNA and central and eastern North America (CENA), in conjunction with material densities based on an updated velocity–density relationship. A second model is based on the velocity profile used to develop amplification factors for the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)‐West2 project. A third model is based on a near‐surface velocity profile developed from the NGA‐West2 site database. A fourth model is based on velocity and density profiles originally proposed for use in CENA but recently used to represent crustal properties in California. We propose two alternatives to this latter model that more closely represent WNA crustal properties. We adopt a value of site attenuation (κ0) for each model that is either recommended by the author of the model or proposed by us. Stochastic simulation is used to evaluate the Fourier amplification factors and their impact on response spectra associated with each model. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that among the available models evaluated in this study the NEHRP B/C amplification model of Boore (2016) best represents median crustal amplification in WNA, although the amplification models based on the crustal profiles of Kamai et al. (2013, 2016, unpublished manuscript, see Data and Resources) and Yenier and Atkinson (2015), the latter adjusted to WNA crustal properties, can be used to represent epistemic uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150242","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Campbell, K.W., 2016, Evaluation of six NEHRP B/C crustal amplification models proposed for use in western North America: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 2, p. 673-686, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150242.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"686","ipdsId":"IP-069474","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc3e4b09688d6e90fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kenneth W.","contributorId":74391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160859,"text":"70160859 - 2016 - Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T11:05:08","indexId":"70160859","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations","docAbstract":"Thirty‐two accelerometers were deployed in the Livermore Valley, California, for approximately one year to study sedimentary basin effects. Many local and near‐regional earthquakes were recorded, including the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 Napa, California, earthquake. The resulting ground‐motion data set is used to quantify the seismic response of the Livermore basin, a major structural depression in the California Coast Range Province bounded by active faults. Site response is calculated by two methods: the reference‐site spectral ratio method and a source‐site spectral inversion method. Longer‐period (≥1 s) amplification factors follow the same general pattern as Bouguer gravity anomaly contours. Site response spectra are inverted for shallow shear‐wave velocity profiles, which are consistent with independent information. Frequency–wavenumber analysis is used to analyze plane‐wave propagation across the Livermore Valley and to identify basin‐edge‐induced surface waves with back azimuths different from the source back azimuth. Finite‐element simulations in a 3D velocity model of the region illustrate the generation of basin‐edge‐induced surface waves and point out strips of elevated ground velocities along the margins of the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150289","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Leeds, A.L., Ramirez-Guzman, L., Allen, J.P., and Schmitt, R.G., 2016, Seismic site characterization of an urban dedimentary basin, Livermore Valley, California: Site tesponse, basin-edge-induced surface waves, and 3D simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 2, p. 609-631, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150289.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071579","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f2c6e4b07dd077c6aa3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leeds, Alena L. 0000-0002-8756-3687 aleeds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-3687","contributorId":4077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeds","given":"Alena","email":"aleeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramirez-Guzman, Leonardo","contributorId":151026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez-Guzman","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":584073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, James P. jallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James","email":"jallen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Robert G. 0000-0001-8060-1954 rschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-1954","contributorId":5611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Robert","email":"rschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169971,"text":"70169971 - 2016 - Habitat selection by green turtles in a spatially heterogeneous benthic landscape in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T15:47:17","indexId":"70169971","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection by green turtles in a spatially heterogeneous benthic landscape in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"We examined habitat selection by green turtles Chelonia mydas at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA. We tracked 15 turtles (6 females and 9 males) using platform transmitter terminals (PTTs); 13 of these turtles were equipped with additional acoustic transmitters. Location data by PTTs comprised periods of 40 to 226 d in varying months from 2009 to 2012. Core areas were concentrated in shallow water (mean bathymetry depth of 7.7 m) with a comparably dense coverage of seagrass; however, the utilization distribution overlap index indicated a low degree of habitat sharing. The probability of detecting a turtle on an acoustic receiver was inversely associated with the distance from the receiver to turtle capture sites and was lower in shallower water. The estimated daily detection probability of a single turtle at a given acoustic station throughout the acoustic array was small (<0.1 in any year), and that of multiple turtle detections was even smaller. However, the conditional probability of multiple turtle detections, given at least one turtle detection at a receiver, was much higher despite the small number of tagged turtles in each year (n = 1 to 5). Also, multiple detections of different turtles at a receiver frequently occurred within a few minutes (40%, or 164 of 415, occurred within 1 min). Our numerical estimates of core area overlap, co-occupancy probabilities, and habitat characterization for green turtles could be used to guide conservation of the area to sustain the population of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/ab00647","usgsCitation":"Fujisaki, I., Hart, K.M., and Sartain-Iverson, A.R., 2016, Habitat selection by green turtles in a spatially heterogeneous benthic landscape in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida: Aquatic Biology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 185-199, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00647.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061467","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00647","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Torugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.51713945052515\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.74433692007308\n ],\n [\n -82.71331787109375,\n 24.74433692007308\n ],\n [\n -82.71331787109375,\n 24.51713945052515\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 24.51713945052515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fe3c36e4b075ab2b2aa0bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170433,"text":"70170433 - 2016 - Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T13:43:28","indexId":"70170433","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","docAbstract":"Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are commonly used to construct and postprocess numerical groundwater flow and transport models. Scripting model development with the programming language Python is presented here as an alternative approach. One advantage of Python is that there are many packages available to facilitate the model development process, including packages for plotting, array manipulation, optimization, and data analysis. For MODFLOW-based models, the FloPy package was developed by the authors to construct model input files, run the model, and read and plot simulation results. Use of Python with the available scientific packages and FloPy facilitates data exploration, alternative model evaluations, and model analyses that can be difficult to perform with GUIs. Furthermore, Python scripts are a complete, transparent, and repeatable record of the modeling process. The approach is introduced with a simple FloPy example to create and postprocess a MODFLOW model. A more complicated capture-fraction analysis with a real-world model is presented to demonstrate the types of analyses that can be performed using Python and FloPy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12413","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Post, V., Langevin, C.D., Hughes, J.D., White, J.T., Starn, J., and Fienen, M., 2016, Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 5, p. 733-739, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"739","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069750","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Mark","contributorId":56137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":166764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":24501,"text":"National Centre for Groundwater Reserach and Training, Flinders Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469 jwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":167708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starn, Jeffrey jjstarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":149231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jjstarn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174175,"text":"70174175 - 2016 - Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T13:56:06","indexId":"70174175","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","docAbstract":"Astronotus ocellatus (oscar), is native to the Amazon basin and, although it has been introduced to many countries, little is known regarding its tolerances for salinity and temperature. In this report, we provide data on the tolerance of A. ocellatus to abrupt and gradual changes in salinity, its high and low temperature tolerance, and information on how salinity, temperature, and fish size interact to affect survival. Fish were able to survive abrupt transfer to salinities as high as 16 ppt with no mortality. When salinity change was gradual (2 ppt/day), fish in the warm-temperature experiment (28°C) survived longer than fish in the cool-temperature experiment (18°C). Larger fish survived longer than smaller ones at the higher salinities when the temperature was warm, but when the temperature was cool fish size had little effect on survival. In the temperature-tolerance experiments, fish survived from 9 to 41°C for short periods of time. Overall, the species showed a wide range of temperature and salinity tolerance. Thus, in spite of the tropical freshwater origin of this species, physiological stress is not likely to hinder its dispersal to brackish waters, especially when temperatures are warm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","doi":"10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8","usgsCitation":"Gutierrel, S.M., Schofield, P.J., and Prodocimo, V., 2016, Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus: Hydrobiologia, v. 777, no. 1, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324519,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8"}],"country":"Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela,","otherGeospatial":"Northern South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ],\n [\n -50.361328125,\n -4.653079918274038\n ],\n [\n -52.470703125,\n -9.188870084473393\n ],\n [\n -55.01953125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -55.54687499999999,\n -15.284185114076433\n ],\n [\n -55.634765625,\n -16.720385051693988\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -64.248046875,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n -17.72775860985227\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n -16.63619187839765\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n -14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n -9.015302333420586\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -6.751896464843375\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -5.0909441750333855\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n -3.2502085616531686\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n -0.8788717828324148\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 1.142502403706165\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 1.845383988573187\n ],\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 1.6696855009865839\n ],\n [\n -61.083984375,\n 0.4394488164139768\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"777","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb6e4b07657d1a90d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrel, Silvia M M","contributorId":172503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrel","given":"Silvia","email":"","middleInitial":"M M","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prodocimo, Viviane","contributorId":172504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prodocimo","given":"Viviane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168937,"text":"ofr20161035 - 2016 - 2016 one-year seismic hazard forecast for the Central and Eastern United States from induced and natural earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T12:00:16","indexId":"ofr20161035","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-28T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1035","title":"2016 one-year seismic hazard forecast for the Central and Eastern United States from induced and natural earthquakes","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced a 1-year seismic hazard forecast for 2016 for the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) that includes contributions from both induced and natural earthquakes. The model assumes that earthquake rates calculated from several different time windows will remain relatively stationary and can be used to forecast earthquake hazard and damage intensity for the year 2016. This assessment is the first step in developing an operational earthquake forecast for the CEUS, and the analysis could be revised with updated seismicity and model parameters. Consensus input models consider alternative earthquake catalog durations, smoothing parameters, maximum magnitudes, and ground motion estimates, and represent uncertainties in earthquake occurrence and diversity of opinion in the science community. Ground shaking seismic hazard for 1-percent probability of exceedance in 1 year reaches 0.6 g (as a fraction of standard gravity [g]) in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas, and about 0.2 g in the Raton Basin of Colorado and New Mexico, in central Arkansas, and in north-central Texas near Dallas. Near some areas of active induced earthquakes, hazard is higher than in the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Model (NHSM) by more than a factor of 3; the 2014 NHSM did not consider induced earthquakes. In some areas, previously observed induced earthquakes have stopped, so the seismic hazard reverts back to the 2014 NSHM. Increased seismic activity, whether defined as induced or natural, produces high hazard. Conversion of ground shaking to seismic intensity indicates that some places in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas may experience damage if the induced seismicity continues unabated. The chance of having Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) VI or greater (damaging earthquake shaking) is 5–12 percent per year in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas, similar to the chance of damage caused by natural earthquakes at sites in parts of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161035","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Mueller, C.S., Moschetti, M.P., Hoover, S.M., Llenos, A.L., Ellsworth, W.L., Michael, A.J., Rubinstein, J.L., McGarr, A.F., and Rukstales, K.S., 2016, 2016 One-year seismic hazard forecast for the Central and Eastern United States from induced and natural earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1035, 52 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161035.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073237","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438626,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95M7TNI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for the 2016 One-Year Seismic Hazard Forecast for the Central and Eastern United States from Induced and Natural Earthquakes"},{"id":438625,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M32SW5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2016 One-Year Seismic Hazard Forecast for the Central and Eastern United States from Induced and Natural Earthquakes"},{"id":323935,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1035/version_history_ofr20161035.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1035 Version History"},{"id":318865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1035/ofr20161035ver1_1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1035"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -111.4013671875,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -111.4013671875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -111.8408203125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -111.4013671875,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -111.357421875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -108.67675781249999,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -107.4462890625,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -107.22656249999999,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -106.12792968749999,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -105.8642578125,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -106.12792968749999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -105.6005859375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -106.171875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 32.287132632616355\n ],\n [\n -104.3701171875,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -103.4033203125,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -102.48046875,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -100.0634765625,\n 28.033197847676377\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 27.60567082646547\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -98.39355468749999,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.254629577800088\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -96.1962890625,\n 28.497660832963472\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -84.0673828125,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.806173508854776\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 26.54922257769204\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 25.681137335685307\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 25.085598897064777\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 26.902476886279807\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 33.137551192346145\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -78.134765625,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -76.3330078125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 38.856820134743636\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 39.402244340292775\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -71.5869140625,\n 41.3108238809182\n ],\n [\n -70.83984375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -70.7080078125,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -70.6640625,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -68.291015625,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -66.97265625,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -67.412109375,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -67.8076171875,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -68.994140625,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -69.3896484375,\n 47.428087261714275\n ],\n [\n -70.09277343749999,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -70.2685546875,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -70.7080078125,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -71.2353515625,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -71.3232421875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -77.1240234375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -83.056640625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -83.935546875,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 45.120052841530516\n ],\n [\n -85.8251953125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -86.5283203125,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -86.572265625,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -87.1875,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -86.0009765625,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -85.6494140625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -83.9794921875,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -84.9462890625,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 46.55886030311719\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -87.5830078125,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -90.52734374999999,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -93.2958984375,\n 48.63290858589532\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 48.719961222646276\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 48.748945343432936\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 49.296471602658094\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 49.35375571830993\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/
","tableOfContents":"The terminus of a stream flowing into a larger river, pond, lake, or reservoir is referred to as the stream-mouth reach or simply the stream mouth. The terminus is often characterized by rapidly changing thermal and hydraulic conditions that result in abrupt shifts in surface water/groundwater (sw/gw) exchange patterns, creating the potential for unique biogeochemical processes and ecosystems. Worldwide shoreline development is changing stream-lake interfaces through channelization of stream mouths, i.e., channel straightening and bank stabilization to prevent natural meandering at the shoreline. In the central Sierra Nevada (USA), Lake Tahoe's shoreline has an abundance of both “unmodified” (i.e., not engineered though potentially impacted by broader watershed engineering) and channelized stream mouths. Two representative stream mouths along the lake's north shore, one channelized and one unmodified, were selected to compare and contrast water and heat exchanges. Hydraulic and thermal properties were monitored during separate campaigns in September 2012 and 2013 and sw/gw exchanges were estimated within the stream mouth-shoreline continuum. Heat-flow and water-flow patterns indicated clear differences in the channelized versus the unmodified stream mouth. For the channelized stream mouth, relatively modulated, cool-temperature, low-velocity longitudinal streambed flows discharged offshore beneath warmer buoyant lakeshore water. In contrast, a seasonal barrier bar formed across the unmodified stream mouth, creating higher-velocity subsurface flow paths and higher diurnal temperature variations relative to shoreline water. As a consequence, channelization altered sw/gw exchanges potentially altering biogeochemical processing and ecological systems in and near the stream mouth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017013","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Naranjo, R.C., Niswonger, R.G., Allander, K.K., Neilson, B., Rosenberry, D.O., Smith, D.W., Rosecrans, C., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2016, Groundwater exchanges near a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth discharging to a subalpine lake: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 3, p. 2157-2177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017013.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2157","endPage":"2177","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061592","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":471125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017013","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.8999786376953,\n 39.23278500746931\n ],\n [\n -119.90066528320314,\n 39.25299291875617\n ],\n [\n -119.89929199218749,\n 39.264157950942185\n ],\n [\n -119.89173889160156,\n 39.279573405302806\n ],\n [\n -119.90547180175781,\n 39.28967134685658\n ],\n [\n -119.9212646484375,\n 39.29232845792188\n ],\n [\n -119.94598388671874,\n 39.29445407417899\n ],\n [\n -119.95216369628906,\n 39.2891399125445\n ],\n [\n -119.97482299804686,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -119.99885559082031,\n 39.279041894366785\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 39.28488829286195\n ],\n [\n -120.0311279296875,\n 39.29232845792188\n ],\n [\n -120.03181457519531,\n 39.28648268048973\n ],\n [\n -120.04280090332031,\n 39.2854197594374\n ],\n [\n -120.04829406738281,\n 39.27319500791644\n ],\n [\n -120.05516052246092,\n 39.265221194601\n ],\n [\n -120.06889343261717,\n 39.25884149071467\n ],\n [\n -120.08949279785156,\n 39.25405633176397\n ],\n [\n -120.10185241699217,\n 39.24927084622338\n ],\n [\n -120.11764526367186,\n 39.24714385893248\n ],\n [\n -120.1348114013672,\n 39.24129431126384\n ],\n [\n -120.14373779296875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -120.1409912109375,\n 39.222678868789686\n ],\n [\n -120.15609741210938,\n 39.22001911674211\n ],\n [\n -120.17120361328125,\n 39.217891242546\n ],\n [\n -120.18356323242188,\n 39.20405848825002\n ],\n [\n -120.1801300048828,\n 39.19341605396101\n ],\n [\n -120.16777038574219,\n 39.18649760718109\n ],\n [\n -120.15678405761719,\n 39.17744937989341\n ],\n [\n -120.15266418457031,\n 39.16786763456653\n ],\n [\n -120.15266418457031,\n 39.14976522028638\n ],\n [\n -120.15884399414062,\n 39.144972625112224\n ],\n [\n -120.16639709472658,\n 39.13964713662539\n ],\n [\n -120.17601013183592,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -120.18768310546875,\n 39.14017970360335\n ],\n [\n -120.201416015625,\n 39.14017970360335\n ],\n [\n -120.21926879882812,\n 39.13378863397928\n ],\n [\n -120.2240753173828,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -120.21583557128906,\n 39.111415322155544\n ],\n [\n -120.22064208984375,\n 39.10075886681079\n ],\n [\n -120.22064208984375,\n 39.09010080045399\n ],\n [\n -120.22476196289061,\n 39.07730899446638\n ],\n [\n -120.22201538085938,\n 39.06824672852526\n ],\n [\n -120.20553588867188,\n 39.06451486901886\n ],\n [\n -120.19386291503905,\n 39.0533181067413\n ],\n [\n -120.19248962402342,\n 39.03998631282601\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 39.02665200282546\n ],\n [\n -120.20553588867188,\n 39.02025064038439\n ],\n [\n -120.19729614257814,\n 38.99944220958143\n ],\n [\n -120.1849365234375,\n 38.985566521593654\n ],\n [\n -120.17189025878906,\n 38.979695219290605\n ],\n [\n -120.15472412109375,\n 38.9871677013526\n ],\n [\n -120.14923095703124,\n 38.96634953968108\n ],\n [\n -120.16090393066405,\n 38.95246736528457\n ],\n [\n -120.15541076660156,\n 38.9396506365778\n ],\n [\n -120.16021728515624,\n 38.923626467304864\n ],\n [\n -120.15403747558594,\n 38.906530030017734\n ],\n [\n -120.13618469238281,\n 38.87927407130936\n ],\n [\n -120.13343811035155,\n 38.87125562242089\n ],\n [\n -120.12657165527344,\n 38.86002827417934\n ],\n [\n -120.1142120361328,\n 38.84719484808292\n ],\n [\n -120.10391235351564,\n 38.83649855755879\n ],\n [\n -120.09567260742188,\n 38.82740544644438\n ],\n [\n -120.07850646972656,\n 38.831149809348744\n ],\n [\n -120.06134033203125,\n 38.83168470225746\n ],\n [\n -120.04280090332031,\n 38.832754476016575\n ],\n [\n -120.03044128417969,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -120.03044128417969,\n 38.812426025416734\n ],\n [\n -120.03662109374999,\n 38.801724509895024\n ],\n [\n -120.05035400390625,\n 38.793162140134896\n ],\n [\n -120.04554748535156,\n 38.78299298997704\n ],\n [\n -120.04898071289062,\n 38.77389304718155\n ],\n [\n -120.04348754882812,\n 38.7637211488416\n ],\n [\n -120.05104064941405,\n 38.749799358878526\n ],\n [\n -120.03936767578124,\n 38.73533924135184\n ],\n [\n -120.02975463867188,\n 38.72355475847389\n ],\n [\n -120.02151489257811,\n 38.71123253895224\n ],\n [\n -119.99748229980469,\n 38.70587438959806\n ],\n [\n -119.98924255371092,\n 38.698372305893294\n ],\n [\n -119.96932983398438,\n 38.70748187656837\n ],\n [\n -119.96246337890624,\n 38.72784024988615\n ],\n [\n -119.95903015136717,\n 38.75354780023683\n ],\n [\n -119.94323730468749,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -119.92881774902342,\n 38.807075468590575\n ],\n [\n -119.90409851074219,\n 38.830614912420565\n ],\n [\n -119.88624572753906,\n 38.86323626888358\n ],\n [\n -119.86770629882811,\n 38.88194668656296\n ],\n [\n -119.87937927246092,\n 38.89904904367505\n ],\n [\n -119.88899230957031,\n 38.93911655592927\n ],\n [\n -119.89173889160156,\n 38.964213997571804\n ],\n [\n -119.88143920898436,\n 38.98823513440445\n ],\n [\n -119.8883056640625,\n 39.006912607032085\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 39.031452644263084\n ],\n [\n -119.87937927246092,\n 39.04265287290379\n ],\n [\n -119.87319946289062,\n 39.049585458080685\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 39.069312937859586\n ],\n [\n -119.87663269042969,\n 39.08690306641833\n ],\n [\n -119.88075256347655,\n 39.105554471086165\n ],\n [\n -119.88761901855469,\n 39.11993932641862\n ],\n [\n -119.88693237304688,\n 39.14071226655259\n ],\n [\n -119.88212585449217,\n 39.1524276321479\n ],\n [\n -119.88143920898436,\n 39.17159402400064\n ],\n [\n -119.88624572753906,\n 39.18915862885272\n ],\n [\n -119.89860534667967,\n 39.19926959232421\n ],\n [\n -119.90478515625,\n 39.20671884491848\n ],\n [\n -119.90203857421875,\n 39.22055107521368\n ],\n [\n -119.8999786376953,\n 39.23278500746931\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ff9bf4e4b0328dcb7eaac1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015wr017013","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017013","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Constantz J., Naranjo R., Niswonger R., Allander K., Neilson B., Rosenberry D., Smith D., Rosecrans C., Stonestrom D.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"3/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James jconstan@usgs.gov","contributorId":168431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":152462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":625918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neilson, B.","contributorId":168432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neilson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, David W. 0000-0002-9543-800X dwsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-800X","contributorId":1681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dwsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosecrans, C. 0000-0003-1456-4360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":168433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosecrans","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70174999,"text":"70174999 - 2016 - Crude oil metabolites in groundwater at two spill sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T13:12:27","indexId":"70174999","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-24T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crude oil metabolites in groundwater at two spill sites","docAbstract":"Two groundwater plumes in north central Minnesota with residual crude oil sources have 20 to 50 mg/L of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC). These values are over 10 times higher than benzene and two to three times higher than Diesel Range Organics in the same wells. On the basis of previous work, most of the NVDOC consists of partial transformation products from the crude oil. Monitoring data from 1988 to 2015 at one of the sites located near Bemidji, MN show that the plume of metabolites is expanding toward a lakeshore located 335 m from the source zone. Other mass balance studies of the site have demonstrated that the plume expansion is driven by the combined effect of continued presence of the residual crude oil source and depletion of the electron accepting capacity of solid phase iron oxide and hydroxides on the aquifer sediments. These plumes of metabolites are not covered by regulatory monitoring and reporting requirements in Minnesota and other states. Yet, a review of toxicology studies indicates that polar metabolites of crude oil may pose a risk to aquatic and mammalian species. Together the results suggest that at sites where residual sources are present, monitoring of NVDOC may be warranted to evaluate the fates of plumes of hydrocarbon transformation products.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12419","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Erickson, M., Steenson, R., and Thorn, K.A., 2016, Crude oil metabolites in groundwater at two spill sites: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 5, p. 681-691, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12419.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"691","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072648","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325698,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db43e4b0589fa1c7e7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steenson, Ross","contributorId":173174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steenson","given":"Ross","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27173,"text":"San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, Oakland, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70175025,"text":"70175025 - 2016 - Integrating subsistence practice and species distribution modeling: assessing invasive elodea’s potential impact on Native Alaskan subsistence of Chinook salmon and whitefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:31:40","indexId":"70175025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-22T18:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating subsistence practice and species distribution modeling: assessing invasive elodea’s potential impact on Native Alaskan subsistence of Chinook salmon and whitefish","docAbstract":"Alaska has one of the most rapidly changing climates on earth and is experiencing an accelerated rate of human disturbance, including resource extraction and transportation infrastructure development. Combined, these factors increase the state’s vulnerability to biological invasion, which can have acute negative impacts on ecological integrity and subsistence practices. Of growing concern is the spread of Alaska’s first documented freshwater aquatic invasive plant Elodea spp. (elodea). In this study, we modeled the suitable habitat of elodea using global and state-specific species occurrence records and environmental variables, in concert with an ensemble of model algorithms. Furthermore, we sought to incorporate local subsistence concerns by using Native Alaskan knowledge and available statewide subsistence harvest data to assess the potential threat posed by elodea to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and whitefish (Coregonus nelsonii) subsistence. State models were applied to future climate (2040–2059) using five general circulation models best suited for Alaska. Model evaluations indicated that our results had moderate to strong predictability, with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values above 0.80 and classification accuracies ranging from 66 to 89 %. State models provided a more robust assessment of elodea habitat suitability. These ensembles revealed different levels of management concern statewide, based on the interaction of fish subsistence patterns, known spawning and rearing sites, and elodea habitat suitability, thus highlighting regions with additional need for targeted monitoring. Our results suggest that this approach can hold great utility for invasion risk assessments and better facilitate the inclusion of local stakeholder concerns in conservation planning and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-016-0692-4","usgsCitation":"Luizza, M., Evangelista, P., Jarnevich, C.S., West, A., and Stewart, H., 2016, Integrating subsistence practice and species distribution modeling: assessing invasive elodea’s potential impact on Native Alaskan subsistence of Chinook salmon and whitefish: Environmental Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 144-163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0692-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067317","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-162.255031,54.978353],[-162.30058,54.832594],[-162.41737,54.877491],[-162.255031,54.978353]]],[[[-160.0179,55.15613],[-159.889174,55.287138],[-159.905365,55.164689],[-159.816419,55.178051],[-160.183466,54.91568],[-160.191392,55.108574],[-160.0179,55.15613]]],[[[-159.455311,55.061452],[-159.328791,54.980598],[-159.426615,54.942266],[-159.455311,55.061452]]],[[[-161.718614,55.154166],[-161.608634,55.116906],[-161.862504,55.127598],[-161.718614,55.154166]]],[[[-160.506927,55.32773],[-160.486174,55.193617],[-160.806009,55.12567],[-160.797147,55.381521],[-160.344369,55.362962],[-160.330722,55.261045],[-160.506927,55.32773]]],[[[-160.21178,55.455862],[-160.141834,55.387154],[-160.27997,55.395905],[-160.21178,55.455862]]],[[[-165.790523,54.171758],[-165.714198,54.120815],[-166.098255,54.103538],[-166.002465,54.213629],[-165.790523,54.171758]]],[[[-165.523466,54.299895],[-165.405377,54.212837],[-165.629725,54.132558],[-165.681458,54.236914],[-165.523466,54.299895]]],[[[-162.801865,54.48944],[-162.588883,54.450064],[-162.611891,54.368077],[-162.86005,54.425452],[-162.801865,54.48944]]],[[[-170.286318,57.128169],[-170.311707,57.219122],[-170.161647,57.229656],[-170.286318,57.128169]]],[[[178.785825,51.633434],[179.462765,51.376176],[178.634021,51.623981],[178.785825,51.633434]]],[[[-176.762478,51.867878],[-176.789558,51.957211],[-176.603598,51.997056],[-176.543309,51.838624],[-176.268243,51.785498],[-176.930952,51.59247],[-176.918065,51.788003],[-176.762478,51.867878]]],[[[-177.800647,51.778294],[-177.909185,51.596671],[-178.172666,51.839985],[-177.615311,51.85508],[-177.800647,51.778294]]],[[[-177.360408,51.727533],[-177.631523,51.696844],[-177.099266,51.936119],[-177.13096,51.762772],[-177.360408,51.727533]]],[[[177.601645,52.016377],[177.235523,51.87326],[177.661607,52.112746],[177.601645,52.016377]]],[[[179.758993,51.946595],[179.649484,51.87367],[179.482464,51.982834],[179.758993,51.946595]]],[[[-174.301818,52.278949],[-174.408277,52.289872],[-174.185347,52.417788],[-173.989415,52.325275],[-174.177679,52.233638],[-174.090169,52.139119],[-175.27485,52.018619],[-174.301818,52.278949]]],[[[-173.602446,52.153773],[-173.019588,52.097881],[-173.511915,52.031278],[-174.04675,52.122403],[-173.602446,52.153773]]],[[[173.587554,52.476785],[173.769503,52.512072],[173.725696,52.356579],[173.3955,52.402647],[173.587554,52.476785]]],[[[172.763366,52.823656],[172.469022,52.911337],[173.107249,52.993228],[173.421682,52.845477],[172.763366,52.823656]]],[[[-168.211705,53.256184],[-169.041338,52.839348],[-168.617143,53.260985],[-168.366519,53.252024],[-168.315847,53.481729],[-167.816998,53.517947],[-167.872879,53.36736],[-168.211705,53.256184]]],[[[-166.728918,54.003111],[-166.57509,53.879236],[-166.373689,54.01003],[-166.210964,53.933557],[-166.547438,53.749404],[-166.119922,53.855048],[-166.111317,53.776856],[-166.656234,53.487119],[-167.798984,53.284757],[-167.102305,53.515077],[-167.16164,53.605909],[-167.041245,53.707929],[-166.779991,53.719126],[-167.141966,53.826932],[-166.728918,54.003111]]],[[[-169.553937,56.608682],[-169.473138,56.601741],[-169.75575,56.591922],[-169.553937,56.608682]]],[[[-165.721389,60.16962],[-165.539367,59.965175],[-166.157071,59.748886],[-167.111785,59.989349],[-167.421489,60.205431],[-166.847438,60.213592],[-166.124379,60.414253],[-165.697326,60.297238],[-165.721389,60.16962]]],[[[-173.052751,60.515252],[-172.951862,60.605671],[-172.269754,60.333887],[-172.595895,60.318233],[-173.052751,60.515252]]],[[[-160.918586,58.746935],[-160.700627,58.817368],[-160.880515,58.581325],[-161.07563,58.549916],[-160.918586,58.746935]]],[[[-151.930565,60.51632],[-151.839194,60.485862],[-152.079995,60.341191],[-151.930565,60.51632]]],[[[-131.246018,54.989555],[-131.253671,54.866779],[-131.469097,54.913153],[-131.246018,54.989555]]],[[[-131.759896,55.381845],[-131.748334,55.128588],[-131.870568,55.364553],[-131.759896,55.381845]]],[[[-158.800682,55.891025],[-158.7036,55.841532],[-158.889198,55.810123],[-158.800682,55.891025]]],[[[-131.56956,55.284114],[-131.350575,55.067042],[-131.579882,55.017576],[-131.56956,55.284114]]],[[[-133.344847,55.569327],[-133.289854,55.50187],[-133.609073,55.241486],[-133.690174,55.304409],[-133.733029,55.558757],[-133.644202,55.470815],[-133.344847,55.569327]]],[[[-133.104304,55.426907],[-133.416549,55.739647],[-133.701152,55.78516],[-133.347915,55.803943],[-133.384089,55.87677],[-133.799931,55.925349],[-133.548802,56.14284],[-133.593728,56.352192],[-133.094977,56.250583],[-132.146062,55.470346],[-132.514798,55.576767],[-132.608786,55.486348],[-132.408317,55.512522],[-132.166857,55.363039],[-132.214912,55.2457],[-131.979818,55.211787],[-132.180334,55.015557],[-131.984592,55.027978],[-131.999591,54.731975],[-132.142277,54.691674],[-132.55839,54.932612],[-132.598675,55.150482],[-132.748854,54.996007],[-133.119294,55.251405],[-132.909706,54.923594],[-132.650001,54.904387],[-132.676226,54.680865],[-132.866355,54.700386],[-133.21042,55.040269],[-133.223791,55.229317],[-133.473593,55.255547],[-133.021557,55.366336],[-133.104304,55.426907]]],[[[-147.483828,60.618636],[-147.487635,60.728092],[-147.3087,60.665274],[-147.483828,60.618636]]],[[[-147.217704,60.293504],[-146.962633,60.311911],[-147.533041,59.852401],[-147.912883,59.79224],[-147.217704,60.293504]]],[[[-147.562801,60.579821],[-147.720124,60.202002],[-147.908985,60.224359],[-147.782548,60.4833],[-147.562801,60.579821]]],[[[-132.977163,56.439673],[-132.634335,56.422174],[-132.662081,56.274795],[-133.010587,56.309492],[-132.977163,56.439673]]],[[[-135.631777,58.380673],[-135.538502,58.337842],[-135.727908,58.365444],[-135.631777,58.380673]]],[[[-134.713987,58.220748],[-134.215981,58.162128],[-133.832895,57.635733],[-134.202353,57.90633],[-133.870327,57.381298],[-134.565687,57.023737],[-134.646773,57.226327],[-134.578511,57.400291],[-134.486023,57.372492],[-134.969189,58.367542],[-134.713987,58.220748]]],[[[-155.656727,55.860872],[-155.564404,55.809476],[-155.718593,55.772356],[-155.656727,55.860872]]],[[[-152.24289,58.241192],[-152.265111,58.135732],[-152.562829,58.177979],[-152.706831,58.050577],[-153.075746,58.099571],[-152.876788,58.002307],[-152.982406,57.984697],[-153.419783,58.059638],[-153.156402,58.090087],[-153.209672,58.15035],[-152.610955,58.475775],[-152.56771,58.621304],[-152.354709,58.63828],[-152.493991,58.354684],[-152.328063,58.434372],[-151.964103,58.269049],[-152.081083,58.154275],[-152.24289,58.241192]]],[[[-153.940505,56.558317],[-154.343096,56.510171],[-154.223759,56.612955],[-153.940505,56.558317]]],[[[-152.417424,57.815464],[-152.324284,57.824444],[-152.468172,57.600996],[-152.179531,57.624809],[-152.323683,57.467861],[-152.9663,57.51217],[-152.601148,57.382165],[-153.079288,57.32196],[-152.97091,57.282624],[-153.163333,57.216713],[-152.874839,57.16095],[-153.301142,56.991192],[-153.328206,57.141993],[-153.675981,57.06983],[-153.543429,56.995245],[-153.97178,56.744861],[-154.129017,56.742168],[-153.804787,57.113158],[-154.298965,56.846479],[-154.574343,57.239919],[-154.777368,57.280008],[-154.629678,57.510197],[-154.22566,57.661366],[-153.994572,57.656905],[-153.802932,57.350896],[-153.877756,57.629529],[-153.667261,57.639008],[-153.93522,57.813047],[-153.721176,57.890615],[-153.557647,57.734741],[-153.324872,57.831048],[-153.528697,57.921717],[-153.469421,57.977282],[-153.127278,57.856748],[-153.299009,57.985626],[-152.723425,57.99172],[-152.904312,57.750825],[-152.415177,57.973081],[-152.324103,57.916604],[-152.417424,57.815464]]],[[[-134.283312,55.925175],[-134.173104,55.918519],[-134.327238,55.83644],[-134.283312,55.925175]]],[[[-134.121514,56.069847],[-134.224073,56.065223],[-134.292353,56.352644],[-134.067466,56.390987],[-134.089604,56.472582],[-134.401407,56.725419],[-134.339168,56.90183],[-134.19095,56.861675],[-134.273113,56.933823],[-133.76778,56.780469],[-133.713331,56.598298],[-133.895746,56.511217],[-133.971228,56.083293],[-134.054411,56.224854],[-134.121514,56.069847]]],[[[-132.546463,56.606563],[-132.984751,56.51264],[-133.325392,56.791864],[-133.089388,56.535474],[-133.603669,56.435413],[-133.689996,56.839421],[-134.049218,57.029203],[-133.104611,57.005701],[-132.546463,56.606563]]],[[[-134.666587,56.169947],[-135.054049,56.527658],[-135.005249,56.602252],[-135.398678,56.779201],[-135.372021,57.228003],[-135.674687,57.336747],[-135.526036,57.509697],[-134.849477,57.40967],[-134.615955,56.637289],[-134.666587,56.169947]]],[[[-135.587961,57.89732],[-135.29156,57.737468],[-134.929726,57.759203],[-134.824891,57.500067],[-135.025148,57.454315],[-135.571606,57.674397],[-135.669416,57.389296],[-135.892131,57.408048],[-136.563223,58.035052],[-136.354836,58.192279],[-136.404805,58.267232],[-136.239246,58.171913],[-135.823562,58.282975],[-135.522646,58.185909],[-135.581753,57.997568],[-135.420107,58.144202],[-134.912854,57.979287],[-135.140674,57.926114],[-134.991819,57.835436],[-135.19896,57.775092],[-135.587961,57.89732]]],[[[-135.703464,57.32204],[-135.575722,57.104231],[-135.854131,56.995043],[-135.755997,57.121225],[-135.849974,57.265895],[-135.703464,57.32204]]],[[[-162.587754,63.275727],[-162.252411,63.541753],[-161.310181,63.471312],[-160.809089,63.731332],[-160.976038,64.235761],[-161.492926,64.407851],[-161.388621,64.532783],[-161.024185,64.499719],[-160.783398,64.71716],[-161.149655,64.911985],[-161.42986,64.759027],[-162.188146,64.672395],[-162.790167,64.325182],[-162.940776,64.542417],[-163.217757,64.632062],[-163.311983,64.58828],[-163.033231,64.519314],[-163.175336,64.399334],[-163.597834,64.563356],[-165.001961,64.433917],[-166.189546,64.575798],[-166.451788,64.691761],[-166.410198,64.827968],[-166.530518,64.937114],[-166.911922,65.125965],[-166.521506,65.149242],[-166.439404,65.319058],[-167.398458,65.400259],[-168.127044,65.626584],[-165.80503,66.33331],[-164.400727,66.58111],[-163.754171,66.551284],[-163.904813,66.230303],[-164.046937,66.209404],[-163.623921,66.058281],[-161.838018,66.022582],[-161.548429,66.239912],[-161.067871,66.235164],[-161.360743,66.375943],[-161.912946,66.344436],[-161.87488,66.511446],[-162.501415,66.742503],[-162.601052,66.898455],[-162.271769,66.904144],[-162.013623,66.779406],[-162.033156,66.631585],[-161.624334,66.450143],[-161.326349,66.478371],[-161.86618,66.704978],[-161.719587,66.916898],[-161.485121,66.945647],[-161.62216,67.008146],[-163.69887,67.114443],[-163.878781,67.416125],[-164.209816,67.639079],[-166.784578,68.340431],[-166.305962,68.46154],[-166.222496,68.860441],[-163.973678,68.985044],[-163.137614,69.352178],[-163.016456,69.538142],[-163.118176,69.589156],[-162.916958,69.692512],[-163.010545,69.728109],[-161.922949,70.291599],[-160.839536,70.344534],[-159.209082,70.870067],[-159.132483,70.828359],[-159.290577,70.811262],[-159.13779,70.758609],[-157.768452,70.875842],[-156.56865,71.352561],[-155.513987,71.096794],[-155.95205,70.964831],[-155.969194,70.827982],[-155.543031,70.847175],[-155.03174,71.146473],[-154.61605,71.026182],[-154.577386,70.835335],[-154.181863,70.768325],[-153.23848,70.922467],[-152.259966,70.84282],[-152.187197,70.801546],[-152.471531,70.68884],[-152.433781,70.616926],[-151.695162,70.549675],[-151.91921,70.472686],[-151.844375,70.434959],[-149.461755,70.518271],[-147.681722,70.199954],[-145.842689,70.164102],[-144.902304,69.96451],[-143.574986,70.154598],[-142.746807,70.042531],[-141.377718,69.634631],[-141.002672,69.645609],[-141.00184,60.306105],[-139.989142,60.18524],[-139.738924,60.31842],[-139.086669,60.357654],[-139.200346,60.090701],[-137.604277,59.243057],[-137.526424,58.906834],[-136.581521,59.164909],[-136.474326,59.464194],[-136.234229,59.524731],[-136.256889,59.623646],[-135.477436,59.799626],[-135.254125,59.701339],[-135.027456,59.563692],[-134.961972,59.280376],[-134.702383,59.247836],[-134.250526,58.858046],[-133.379908,58.427909],[-133.461475,58.385526],[-132.29792,57.269469],[-132.371312,57.095229],[-132.051044,57.051155],[-132.080262,56.850926],[-131.9301,56.835211],[-131.849898,56.661227],[-130.102761,56.116696],[-130.023189,55.930665],[-130.150595,55.767031],[-129.982348,55.302079],[-130.409764,54.881192],[-130.854966,54.766341],[-131.093806,55.191335],[-130.925069,55.300713],[-130.901872,55.69738],[-131.093956,55.895675],[-131.243491,55.973689],[-130.94683,55.650716],[-130.959772,55.315892],[-131.000594,55.398012],[-131.160492,55.197481],[-131.263089,55.208318],[-131.191595,55.360527],[-131.402931,55.238065],[-131.828446,55.445214],[-131.664629,55.581525],[-131.713742,55.853263],[-131.828176,55.877284],[-131.936689,55.535151],[-132.183207,55.588128],[-132.283594,55.761774],[-132.067412,55.875078],[-131.943402,56.192557],[-132.320487,55.887648],[-132.708697,56.112124],[-132.543076,56.332276],[-132.382793,56.299203],[-132.394268,56.485579],[-132.204367,56.372086],[-132.371589,56.672473],[-132.528446,56.702056],[-132.432385,56.782385],[-132.770404,56.837486],[-132.91197,56.966651],[-132.813684,57.030218],[-133.466932,57.159356],[-133.489738,57.305192],[-133.287052,57.30292],[-133.475998,57.380394],[-133.478086,57.56173],[-133.66439,57.611707],[-133.65855,57.707924],[-133.234598,57.608749],[-134.049603,58.062027],[-134.087674,58.181952],[-134.631203,58.247446],[-135.368331,59.263275],[-135.295084,59.08761],[-135.38931,58.990528],[-135.142322,58.61637],[-135.056227,58.189884],[-135.433061,58.399899],[-135.90731,58.380839],[-136.120307,58.968418],[-136.150772,58.757266],[-136.247343,58.752935],[-136.877826,58.962392],[-136.928643,58.900131],[-136.463258,58.781607],[-136.422309,58.647412],[-136.246368,58.663185],[-136.041818,58.380161],[-136.70125,58.219416],[-137.608804,58.601234],[-138.131,59.002613],[-139.855565,59.53666],[-139.51818,59.687814],[-139.625896,59.904084],[-139.486032,60.012407],[-140.272266,59.700609],[-141.423134,59.877329],[-141.299609,59.937397],[-141.384318,60.071598],[-141.73624,59.961905],[-142.698419,60.093333],[-144.035037,60.020202],[-144.59088,59.795581],[-144.052539,60.041759],[-144.892815,60.292821],[-144.964135,60.444466],[-145.113885,60.300978],[-145.9469,60.455395],[-145.712891,60.583249],[-146.689523,60.271279],[-146.637783,60.467178],[-145.795141,60.601121],[-145.841742,60.685893],[-146.253471,60.622315],[-146.101458,60.719277],[-146.191553,60.73199],[-146.668151,60.692761],[-146.183555,60.846969],[-146.262969,60.867787],[-146.801009,60.80516],[-146.653827,61.047752],[-146.262451,61.090246],[-146.613659,61.118799],[-147.378483,60.877845],[-147.525453,60.896057],[-147.514173,61.096127],[-147.66899,60.841563],[-148.134384,60.791268],[-147.715826,61.249669],[-148.426951,60.827113],[-148.384491,60.687754],[-148.148059,60.758536],[-148.091712,60.676249],[-148.30652,60.550702],[-148.115163,60.596029],[-147.942106,60.444029],[-148.025994,60.279029],[-148.171278,60.335266],[-148.362497,60.221849],[-147.913221,60.132576],[-148.016432,59.999344],[-147.848469,60.078962],[-147.917935,59.985997],[-148.225235,59.950195],[-148.148011,59.994952],[-148.274241,60.013318],[-148.293213,60.151289],[-148.401601,59.9976],[-149.133115,60.044918],[-149.287588,59.906506],[-149.341584,60.076762],[-149.584254,59.866905],[-149.526358,59.703258],[-149.666147,59.850527],[-149.746364,59.860881],[-149.74622,59.637585],[-150.028296,59.788652],[-149.928962,59.723245],[-150.392481,59.387265],[-150.316945,59.585285],[-150.478742,59.458498],[-150.547729,59.590331],[-150.942212,59.233136],[-151.915684,59.227522],[-151.991618,59.313617],[-151.826047,59.439049],[-151.272459,59.555823],[-150.927312,59.793431],[-151.503822,59.633662],[-151.829137,59.720151],[-151.71801,60.009473],[-151.30609,60.387257],[-151.40927,60.720558],[-150.353702,61.031822],[-150.217179,60.930001],[-149.111617,60.878949],[-150.039304,61.144291],[-149.429513,61.447165],[-149.542776,61.489995],[-149.919682,61.26347],[-150.646221,61.296689],[-151.783271,60.868713],[-151.702833,60.727778],[-151.860179,60.753282],[-152.309221,60.506384],[-152.234199,60.393888],[-152.715881,60.241274],[-152.596784,60.101071],[-152.745083,59.904232],[-153.225937,59.858343],[-153.021945,59.834133],[-153.214156,59.634271],[-153.366613,59.633729],[-153.439977,59.784652],[-153.577828,59.555991],[-154.087803,59.367967],[-154.260121,59.14302],[-153.254798,58.861756],[-153.445002,58.70931],[-153.851432,58.611872],[-154.291163,58.13568],[-154.990431,58.013424],[-155.37861,57.710766],[-155.617188,57.769715],[-155.731412,57.555546],[-156.044031,57.564455],[-156.036722,57.470941],[-156.481632,57.338705],[-156.551239,57.2908],[-156.336427,57.336081],[-156.355401,57.159679],[-156.5472,56.986488],[-157.201724,56.767511],[-157.45759,56.848204],[-157.536486,56.615317],[-158.042012,56.596744],[-157.859766,56.483668],[-158.402954,56.455193],[-158.498837,56.38011],[-158.112718,56.240286],[-158.475258,56.093405],[-158.417889,56.036796],[-158.575042,56.121129],[-158.737009,55.953313],[-159.472801,55.83905],[-159.696713,55.573306],[-159.627482,55.803248],[-159.81107,55.85657],[-160.410823,55.66538],[-160.481633,55.489068],[-160.909625,55.52414],[-161.231535,55.357452],[-161.445196,55.368103],[-161.376102,55.569794],[-161.587047,55.62006],[-161.878076,55.223599],[-162.041236,55.236806],[-162.053281,55.074212],[-162.489735,55.064849],[-162.4168,55.104096],[-162.584872,55.298386],[-162.692309,55.197313],[-162.569289,54.97124],[-162.881639,54.934785],[-163.165036,55.099214],[-163.226313,55.042694],[-163.067008,54.979302],[-163.373207,54.800841],[-163.057228,54.688101],[-163.344791,54.751211],[-163.572383,54.623211],[-164.179617,54.599188],[-164.41682,54.431713],[-164.844931,54.417583],[-164.949781,54.575697],[-164.48678,54.922441],[-163.568159,55.049145],[-163.318885,54.88012],[-163.268767,55.145465],[-162.86152,55.198339],[-161.816225,55.888993],[-160.898682,55.999014],[-160.814205,55.953834],[-160.940845,55.822529],[-160.806014,55.738241],[-160.668102,55.723556],[-160.769155,55.858268],[-160.293924,55.765556],[-160.273176,55.856881],[-160.534541,55.989498],[-160.357156,56.279582],[-158.957471,56.851184],[-158.660298,56.789015],[-158.659945,57.034585],[-158.376249,57.265542],[-157.786046,57.542189],[-157.573472,57.522732],[-157.703782,57.721768],[-157.596601,58.08867],[-157.39735,58.173383],[-157.524477,58.414506],[-156.980888,58.891031],[-158.190283,58.61371],[-158.512547,58.78311],[-158.487015,58.999872],[-158.179588,59.012245],[-158.522231,59.021763],[-158.789632,58.814257],[-158.827852,58.626432],[-158.704052,58.482759],[-158.880927,58.39067],[-159.657362,58.938712],[-159.908386,58.779903],[-160.322922,58.953953],[-160.31778,59.070477],[-161.751999,58.551842],[-162.171722,58.648441],[-161.769501,58.774937],[-161.828171,59.062702],[-162.048584,59.254177],[-161.738312,59.46701],[-162.453176,60.27854],[-162.1724,60.624038],[-162.571198,60.25189],[-162.453176,60.197639],[-162.503647,59.99923],[-163.349027,59.81989],[-164.079837,59.828034],[-164.1916,60.024496],[-165.129403,60.433707],[-164.961439,60.508391],[-165.362975,60.506866],[-164.97125,60.711434],[-164.945958,60.92106],[-165.132488,60.850145],[-165.194945,60.9739],[-164.87045,61.079564],[-165.2897,61.181714],[-165.403007,61.06706],[-165.578127,61.100361],[-165.662892,61.29457],[-165.921194,61.40308],[-165.767226,61.45695],[-165.807627,61.529171],[-166.165232,61.550618],[-166.158976,61.700437],[-165.82214,61.67061],[-166.092081,61.800733],[-165.640216,61.848041],[-165.706155,62.108365],[-164.837703,62.685267],[-164.783858,62.946154],[-164.493118,63.17767],[-164.066991,63.262276],[-163.316203,63.037763],[-162.587754,63.275727]]],[[[-169.267598,63.343995],[-168.692939,63.302282],[-168.818344,63.163224],[-169.396308,63.136617],[-169.638309,62.937527],[-170.512102,63.341881],[-171.067663,63.424579],[-171.433319,63.307578],[-171.849984,63.485039],[-171.699647,63.781728],[-170.950817,63.570127],[-170.281988,63.68502],[-169.974858,63.470618],[-169.267598,63.343995]]],[[[-162.614621,63.621832],[-162.341892,63.594062],[-162.676581,63.555648],[-162.614621,63.621832]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db56e4b0589fa1c7e906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luizza, Matthew","contributorId":169629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luizza","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, Paul","contributorId":46371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"West, Amanda M.","contributorId":139058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Amanda M.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, Heather","contributorId":173199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":27188,"text":"Alaska Department of Natural Resources Division of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169145,"text":"70169145 - 2016 - Enhancing and restoring habitat for the desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:17:02","indexId":"70169145","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-22T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing and restoring habitat for the desert tortoise","docAbstract":"Habitat has changed unfavorably during the past 150 y for the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a federally threatened species with declining populations in the Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert. To support recovery efforts, we synthesized published information on relationships of desert tortoises with three habitat features (cover sites, forage, and soil) and candidate management practices for improving these features for tortoises. In addition to their role in soil health and facilitating recruitment of annual forage plants, shrubs are used by desert tortoises for cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (>50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically beneficial ways to initiate plant recovery after severe disturbance. Through differences in biochemical composition and digestibility, some plant species provide better-quality forage than others. Desert tortoises selectively forage on particular annual and herbaceous perennial species (e.g., legumes), and forage selection shifts during the year as different plants grow or mature. Nonnative grasses provide low-quality forage and contribute fuel to spreading wildfires, which damage or kill shrubs that tortoises use for cover. Maintaining a diverse “menu” of native annual forbs and decreasing nonnative grasses are priorities for restoring most desert tortoise habitats. Reducing herbivory by nonnative animals, carefully timing herbicide applications, and strategically augmenting annual forage plants via seeding show promise for improving tortoise forage quality. Roads, another disturbance, negatively affect habitat in numerous ways (e.g., compacting soil, altering hydrology). Techniques such as recontouring road berms to reestablish drainage patterns, vertical mulching (“planting” dead plant material), and creating barriers to prevent trespasses can assist natural recovery on decommissioned backcountry roads. Most habitat enhancement efforts to date have focused on only one factor at a time (e.g., providing fencing) and have not included proactive restoration activities (e.g., planting native species on disturbed soils). A research and management priority in recovering desert tortoise habitats is implementing an integrated set of restorative habitat enhancements (e.g., reducing nonnative plants, improving forage quality, augmenting native perennial plants, and ameliorating altered hydrology) and monitoring short- and long-term indicators of habitat condition and the responses of desert tortoises to habitat restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/052015-JFWM-046","usgsCitation":"Abella, S.R., and Berry, K.H., 2016, Enhancing and restoring habitat for the desert tortoise: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 255-279, https://doi.org/10.3996/052015-JFWM-046.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066485","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052015-jfwm-046","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -113.75244140624999,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -113.521728515625,\n 37.33522435930641\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 36.1822249804225\n ],\n [\n -113.79638671875,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -113.895263671875,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -113.675537109375,\n 35.23664622093195\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 34.97600151317591\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -113.203125,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 34.03445260967645\n ],\n [\n -115.13671875,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -115.15869140624999,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -114.81811523437501,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 32.94414888814148\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 33.330528249028085\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -116.38916015624999,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -117.22412109375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -117.630615234375,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -118.02612304687499,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -118.38867187500001,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -118.80615234374999,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -118.223876953125,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -118.487548828125,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -118.443603515625,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -118.14697265625,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -117.98217773437499,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -117.850341796875,\n 35.64836915737426\n ],\n [\n -117.98217773437499,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -118.333740234375,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -118.35571289062499,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -118.0810546875,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -117.57568359374999,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -116.79565429687499,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -116.15844726562501,\n 37.16907157713011\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -115.51025390625,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -114.993896484375,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 37.32648861334206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f25e98e4b0f59b85de6ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abella, Scott R.","contributorId":103940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abella","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169299,"text":"70169299 - 2016 - Permissible Home Range Estimation (PHRE) in restricted habitats: A new algorithm and an evaluation for sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T08:44:05","indexId":"70169299","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-22T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permissible Home Range Estimation (PHRE) in restricted habitats: A new algorithm and an evaluation for sea otters","docAbstract":"Parametric and nonparametric kernel methods dominate studies of animal home ranges and space use. Most existing methods are unable to incorporate information about the underlying physical environment, leading to poor performance in excluding areas that are not used. Using radio-telemetry data from sea otters, we developed and evaluated a new algorithm for estimating home ranges (hereafter Permissible Home Range Estimation, or “PHRE”) that reflects habitat suitability. We began by transforming sighting locations into relevant landscape features (for sea otters, coastal position and distance from shore). Then, we generated a bivariate kernel probability density function in landscape space and back-transformed this to geographic space in order to define a permissible home range. Compared to two commonly used home range estimation methods, kernel densities and local convex hulls, PHRE better excluded unused areas and required a smaller sample size. Our PHRE method is applicable to species whose ranges are restricted by complex physical boundaries or environmental gradients and will improve understanding of habitat-use requirements and, ultimately, aid in conservation efforts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0150547","collaboration":"USFWS","usgsCitation":"Tarjan, L.M., and Tinker, M.T., 2016, Permissible Home Range Estimation (PHRE) in restricted habitats: A new algorithm and an evaluation for sea otters: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150547.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"e0150547","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072967","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150547","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F76H4FH8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data collected from tagged sea otters in central California, 1998-2012"},{"id":319336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fcce4b0f59b85e1eb77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarjan, Lily M","contributorId":167782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarjan","given":"Lily","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169116,"text":"70169116 - 2016 - Exploring climate niches of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) haplotypes in the western United States: Implications for evolutionary history and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:32:53","indexId":"70169116","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-17T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Exploring climate niches of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) haplotypes in the western United States: Implications for evolutionary history and conservation","title":"Exploring climate niches of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) haplotypes in the western United States: Implications for evolutionary history and conservation","docAbstract":"Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) occupies montane environments throughout western North America, where it is both an ecologically and economically important tree species. A recent study using mitochondrial DNA analysis demonstrated substantial genetic variation among ponderosa pine populations in the western U.S., identifying 10 haplotypes with unique evolutionary lineages that generally correspond spatially with distributions of the Pacific (P. p. var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. p. var. scopulorum) varieties. To elucidate the role of climate in shaping the phylogeographic history of ponderosa pine, we used nonparametric multiplicative regression to develop predictive climate niche models for two varieties and 10 haplotypes and to hindcast potential distribution of the varieties during the last glacial maximum (LGM), ~22,000 yr BP. Our climate niche models performed well for the varieties, but haplotype models were constrained in some cases by small datasets and unmeasured microclimate influences. The models suggest strong relationships between genetic lineages and climate. Particularly evident was the role of seasonal precipitation balance in most models, with winter- and summer-dominated precipitation regimes strongly associated with P. p. vars. ponderosa and scopulorum, respectively. Indeed, where present-day climate niches overlap between the varieties, introgression of two haplotypes also occurs along a steep clinal divide in western Montana. Reconstructed climate niches for the LGM suggest potentially suitable climate existed for the Pacific variety in the California Floristic province, the Great Basin, and Arizona highlands, while suitable climate for the Rocky Mountain variety may have existed across the southwestern interior highlands. These findings underscore potentially unique phylogeographic origins of modern ponderosa pine evolutionary lineages, including potential adaptations to Pleistocene climates associated with discrete temporary glacial refugia. Our predictive climate niche models may inform strategies for further genetic research (e.g., sampling design) and conservation that promotes haplotype compatibility with projected changes in future climate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0151811","usgsCitation":"Shinneman, D.J., Means, R.E., Potter, K.M., and Hipkins, V.D., 2016, Exploring climate niches of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson) haplotypes in the western United States: Implications for evolutionary history and conservation: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151811.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"e0151811","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062671","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -116.6748046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -118.69628906249999,\n 39.63953756436671\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -118.95996093749999,\n 41.80407814427237\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -116.1474609375,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -112.587890625,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -109.6875,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -108.7646484375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -108.017578125,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -108.544921875,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -112.7197265625,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.1494140625,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -104.765625,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -104.4580078125,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -103.4033203125,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -102.83203125,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -103.1396484375,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -103.623046875,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -103.9306640625,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -102.5244140625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.919921875,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -102.6123046875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 41.37680856570233\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -98.8330078125,\n 43.58039085560786\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -101.42578124999999,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -101.6455078125,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -101.77734374999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -102.568359375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -103.4912109375,\n 47.724544549099676\n ],\n [\n -105.205078125,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -106.69921875,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -107.40234375,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -111.4013671875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 48.777912755501845\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 47.249406957888446\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -123.8818359375,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -121.9921875,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -120.84960937499999,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b4de4b0f59b85ddc3c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, Robert E.","contributorId":105215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Means","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Kevin M.","contributorId":167660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potter","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24794,"text":"Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hipkins, Valerie D.","contributorId":167661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hipkins","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24795,"text":"National Forest Genetics Laboratory, USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169101,"text":"70169101 - 2016 - Susceptibility and antibody response of Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) to West Nile virus: A potential amplification host in sagebrush-grassland habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T10:05:20","indexId":"70169101","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Susceptibility and antibody response of Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) to West Nile virus: A potential amplification host in sagebrush-grassland habitat","docAbstract":"West Nile virus (WNV) spread to the US western plains states in 2003, when a significant mortality event attributed to WNV occurred in Greater Sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ). The role of avian species inhabiting sagebrush in the amplification of WNV in arid and semiarid regions of the North America is unknown. We conducted an experimental WNV challenge study in Vesper Sparrows ( Pooecetes gramineus ), a species common to sagebrush and grassland habitats found throughout much of North America. We found Vesper Sparrows to be moderately susceptible to WNV, developing viremia considered sufficient to transmit WNV to feeding mosquitoes, but the majority of birds were capable of surviving infection and developing a humoral immune response to the WNV nonstructural 1 and envelope proteins. Despite clearance of viremia, after 6 mo, WNV was detected molecularly in three birds and cultured from one bird. Surviving Vesper Sparrows were resistant to reinfection 6 mo after the initial challenge. Vesper sparrows could play a role in the amplification of WNV in sagebrush habitat and other areas of their range, but rapid clearance of WNV may limit their importance as competent amplification hosts of WNV.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.7589/2015-06-148","usgsCitation":"Hofmeister, E.K., Dusek, R.J., Fassbinder-Orth, C., Owen, B., and Franson, J., 2016, Susceptibility and antibody response of Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) to West Nile virus: A potential amplification host in sagebrush-grassland habitat: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 2, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-06-148.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068995","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.075,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -118.075,\n 41.465\n ],\n [\n -118.065,\n 41.465\n ],\n [\n -118.065,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -118.075,\n 41.475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ed26b6e4b0f59b85db0a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-6360-3912 ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6360-3912","contributorId":3230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":152316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fassbinder-Orth, Carol","contributorId":167623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fassbinder-Orth","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24786,"text":"Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owen, Benjamin","contributorId":167624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24786,"text":"Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian jfranson@usgs.gov","contributorId":149318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170130,"text":"70170130 - 2016 - Estimating abundance in the presence of species uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T15:52:34","indexId":"70170130","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-16T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating abundance in the presence of species uncertainty","docAbstract":"1.N-mixture models have become a popular method for estimating abundance of free-ranging animals that are not marked or identified individually. These models have been used on count data for single species that can be identified with certainty. However, co-occurring species often look similar during one or more life stages, making it difficult to assign species for all recorded captures. This uncertainty creates problems for estimating species-specific abundance and it can often limit life stages to which we can make inference.
\n2.We present a new extension of N-mixture models that accounts for species uncertainty. In addition to estimating site-specific abundances and detection probabilities, this model allows estimating probability of correct assignment of species identity. We implement this hierarchical model in a Bayesian framework and provide all code for running the model in BUGS-language programs.
\n3.We present an application of the model on count data from two sympatric freshwater fishes, the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) and the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), ad illustrate implementation of covariate effects (habitat characteristics). In addition, we used a simulation study to validate the model and illustrate potential sample size issues. We also compared, for both real and simulated data, estimates provided by our model to those obtained by a simple N-mixture model when captures of unknown species identification were discarded. In the latter case, abundance estimates appeared highly biased and very imprecise, while our new model provided unbiased estimates with higher precision.
\n4.This extension of the N-mixture model should be useful for a wide variety of studies and taxa, as species uncertainty is a common issue. It should notably help improve investigation of abundance and vital rate characteristics of organisms’ early life stages, which are sometimes more difficult to identify than adults.
\nMany species are distributed as metapopulations in dynamic landscapes, where habitats change through space and time. Individuals locate habitat through dispersal, and the relationship between a species and landscape characteristics can have profound effects on population persistence. Despite the importance of connectivity in dynamic environments, few empirical studies have examined temporal variability in dispersal or its effect on metapopulation dynamics. In response to this knowledge gap, we studied the dispersal, demography, and viability of a metapopulation of an endangered, disturbance-dependent shorebird. We examined three subpopulations of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on the lower Platte and Missouri rivers from 2008–2013. High flow events from an upstream dam on the Missouri River in 2010 and 2011 allowed us to assess the effect of total habitat loss and the subsequent creation of new habitat associated with a large disturbance at one ‘natural’ study location. The other two sites within the metapopulation, which were maintained by anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining, development, habitat restoration), were largely unaffected by this disturbance, resulting in a controlled natural experiment.
\nHigh flow events were associated with increased emigration, decreased immigration, and decreased survival in the subpopulation that experienced high flows. Following the high flow event, immigration into that subpopulation increased. Dispersal rates among subpopulations were negatively correlated with distance. The metapopulation had a low probability of extinction over 100 years (0%) under the current disturbance interval and associated dispersal and survival rates. However, persistence depended on relatively stable, human-created habitats, not the dynamic, natural habitat (47.7 % extinction probability for this subpopulation).
\nWe found that functional connectivity, as measured by the rate of dispersal among subpopulations, increased as a result of the high flow event in our study metapopulation. Plovers also increased reproductive output following this event. Although the study metapopulation had a low overall probability of extinction, metapopulation persistence depended on anthropogenically created habitats that provided a small but stable source of nesting habitat and dispersers through time. However, all subpopulations remained small, even if persistent, making them individually vulnerable to extinction through stochastic events. Given the highly dynamic nature of habitat availability in this system, maintaining several subpopulations within the metapopulation and stable sources of habitat will be critical, and this species will likely remain conservation-reliant.
\nErosion following a wildfire is much greater than background erosion in forests because of wildfire-induced changes to soil erodibility and water infiltration. While many previous studies have documented post-wildfire erosion with point and small plot-scale measurements, the spatial distribution of post-fire erosion patterns at the watershed scale remains largely unexplored. In this study lidar surveys were collected periodically in a small, first-order drainage basin over a period of 2 years following a wildfire. The study site was relatively steep with slopes ranging from 17° to > 30°. During the study period, several different types of rain storms occurred on the site including low-intensity frontal storms (2.4 mm h−1) and high-intensity convective thunderstorms (79 mm h−1). These storms were the dominant drivers of erosion. Erosion resulting from dry ravel and debris flows was notably absent at the site. Successive lidar surveys were subtracted from one another to obtain digital maps of topographic change between surveys. The results show an evolution in geomorphic response, such that the erosional response after rain storms was strongly influenced by the previous erosional events and pre-fire site morphology. Hillslope and channel roughness increased over time, and the watershed armored as coarse cobbles and boulders were exposed. The erosional response was spatially nonuniform; shallow erosion from hillslopes (87% of the study area) contributed 3 times more sediment volume than erosion from convergent areas (13% of the study area). However, the total normalized erosion depth (volume/area) was highest in convergent areas. From a detailed understanding of the spatial locations of erosion, we made inferences regarding the processes driving erosion. It appears that hillslope erosion is controlled by rain splash (for detachment) and overland flow (for transport and quasi-channelized erosion), with the sites of highest erosion corresponding to locations with the lowest roughness. By contrast, in convergent areas we found erosion caused by overland flow. Soil erosion was locally interrupted by immobile objects such as boulders, bedrock, or tree trunks, resulting in a patchy erosion network with increasing roughness over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2015JF003600","usgsCitation":"Rengers, F.K., Tucker, G., Moody, J., and Ebel, B., 2016, Illuminating wildfire erosion and deposition patterns with repeat terrestrial lidar: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 3, p. 588-608, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003600.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"608","ipdsId":"IP-068620","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003600","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.403611,\n 40.030833\n ],\n [\n -105.402222,\n 40.030833\n ],\n [\n -105.402222,\n 40.032222\n ],\n [\n -105.403611,\n 40.032222\n ],\n [\n -105.403611,\n 40.030833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"121","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8339e4b014cc3a3a99e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, G.E.","contributorId":150423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":187515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moody","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebel, Brian","contributorId":187516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169044,"text":"70169044 - 2016 - Prioritizing avian species for their risk of population-level consequences from wind energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T13:05:13","indexId":"70169044","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-10T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prioritizing avian species for their risk of population-level consequences from wind energy development","docAbstract":"Recent growth in the wind energy industry has increased concerns about its impacts on wildlife populations. Direct impacts of wind energy include bird and bat collisions with turbines whereas indirect impacts include changes in wildlife habitat and behavior. Although many species may withstand these effects, species that are long-lived with low rates of reproduction, have specialized habitat preferences, or are attracted to turbines may be more prone to declines in population abundance. We developed a prioritization system to identify the avian species most likely to experience population declines from wind facilities based on their current conservation status and their expected risk from turbines. We developed 3 metrics of turbine risk that incorporate data on collision fatalities at wind facilities, population size, life history, species’ distributions relative to turbine locations, number of suitable habitat types, and species’ conservation status. We calculated at least 1 measure of turbine risk for 428 avian species that breed in the United States. We then simulated 100,000 random sets of cutoff criteria (i.e., the metric values used to assign species to different priority categories) for each turbine risk metric and for conservation status. For each set of criteria, we assigned each species a priority score and calculated the average priority score across all sets of criteria. Our prioritization system highlights both species that could potentially experience population decline caused by wind energy and species at low risk of population decline. For instance, several birds of prey, such as the long-eared owl, ferruginous hawk, Swainson’s hawk, and golden eagle, were at relatively high risk of population decline across a wide variety of cutoff values, whereas many passerines were at relatively low risk of decline. This prioritization system is a first step that will help researchers, conservationists, managers, and industry target future study and management activity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS One","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0150813","usgsCitation":"Beston, J.A., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S., and Johnson, D.H., 2016, Prioritizing avian species for their risk of population-level consequences from wind energy development: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150813.","startPage":"Article e0150813","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057769","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150813","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0c0e4b0f59b85d6aabc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beston, Julie A. jbeston@usgs.gov","contributorId":5673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beston","given":"Julie","email":"jbeston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loss, Scott","contributorId":131107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168932,"text":"70168932 - 2016 - Spatially explicit rangeland erosion monitoring using high-resolution digital aerial imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T15:52:05","indexId":"70168932","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit rangeland erosion monitoring using high-resolution digital aerial imagery","docAbstract":"Nearly all of the ecosystem services supported by rangelands, including production of livestock forage, carbon sequestration, and provisioning of clean water, are negatively impacted by soil erosion. Accordingly, monitoring the severity, spatial extent, and rate of soil erosion is essential for long-term sustainable management. Traditional field-based methods of monitoring erosion (sediment traps, erosion pins, and bridges) can be labor intensive and therefore are generally limited in spatial intensity and/or extent. There is a growing effort to monitor natural resources at broad scales, which is driving the need for new soil erosion monitoring tools. One remote-sensing technique that can be used to monitor soil movement is a time series of digital elevation models (DEMs) created using aerial photogrammetry methods. By geographically coregistering the DEMs and subtracting one surface from the other, an estimate of soil elevation change can be created. Such analysis enables spatially explicit quantification and visualization of net soil movement including erosion, deposition, and redistribution. We constructed DEMs (12-cm ground sampling distance) on the basis of aerial photography immediately before and 1 year after a vegetation removal treatment on a 31-ha Piñon-Juniper woodland in southeastern Utah to evaluate the use of aerial photography in detecting soil surface change. On average, we were able to detect surface elevation change of ± 8−9cm and greater, which was sufficient for the large amount of soil movement exhibited on the study area. Detecting more subtle soil erosion could be achieved using the same technique with higher-resolution imagery from lower-flying aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles. DEM differencing and process-focused field methods provided complementary information and a more complete assessment of soil loss and movement than any single technique alone. Photogrammetric DEM differencing could be used as a technique to quantitatively monitor surface change over time relative to management activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2015.10.012","usgsCitation":"Gillan, J.K., Karl, J., Barger, N., Elaksher, A., and Duniway, M.C., 2016, Spatially explicit rangeland erosion monitoring using high-resolution digital aerial imagery: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 69, no. 2, p. 95-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2015.10.012.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059477","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Shay Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.6,\n 37.9\n ],\n [\n -109.6,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -109.5,\n 37.9\n ],\n [\n -109.6,\n 37.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7b3e4b015c306fcda06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillan, Jeffrey K.","contributorId":51656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillan","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Jason W.","contributorId":22616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Jason W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":102392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elaksher, Ahmed","contributorId":72305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elaksher","given":"Ahmed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168905,"text":"70168905 - 2016 - Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T09:04:46","indexId":"70168905","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-08T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption","docAbstract":"Explosive volcanic super-eruptions of several hundred cubic kilometres or more generate long run-out pyroclastic density currents the dynamics of which are poorly understood and controversial. Deposits of one such event in the southwestern USA, the 18.8 Ma Peach Spring Tuff, were formed by pyroclastic flows that travelled >170 km from the eruptive centre and entrained blocks up to ~70–90 cm diameter from the substrates along the flow paths. Here we combine these data with new experimental results to show that the flow’s base had high-particle concentration and relatively modest speeds of ~5–20 m s−1, fed by an eruption discharging magma at rates up to ~107–108 m3 s−1 for a minimum of 2.5–10 h. We conclude that sustained high-eruption discharge and long-lived high-pore pressure in dense granular dispersion can be more important than large initial velocity and turbulent transport with dilute suspension in promoting long pyroclastic flow distance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms10890","usgsCitation":"Roche, O., Buesch, D.C., and Valentine, G.A., 2016, Slow-moving and far-travelled dense pyroclastic flows during the Peach Spring super-eruption: Nature Communications, v. 7, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10890.","productDescription":"Article 10890; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064658","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10890","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":318678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 35.6126508187567\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -117.301025390625,\n 34.15272698011818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dff7afe4b015c306fcd9fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Olivier","contributorId":167382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24702,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal-CNRS-IRD, OPGC, F-63038 6 Clermont-Ferrand, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valentine, Greg A.","contributorId":167383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valentine","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24703,"text":"Department of Geology and Center for Geohazards Studies, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 9 NY 14260, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169296,"text":"70169296 - 2016 - Habitat selection by juvenile Mojave Desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:20:47","indexId":"70169296","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-06T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection by juvenile Mojave Desert tortoises","docAbstract":"Growing pressure to develop public lands for renewable energy production places several protected species at increased risk of habitat loss. One example is the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a species often at the center of conflicts over public land development. For this species and others on public lands, a better understanding of their habitat needs can help minimize negative impacts and facilitate protection or restoration of habitat. We used radio-telemetry to track 46 neonate and juvenile tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California, USA, to quantify habitat at tortoise locations and paired random points to assess habitat selection. Tortoise locations near burrows were more likely to be under canopy cover and had greater coverage of perennial plants (especially creosote [Larrea tridentata]), more coverage by washes, a greater number of small-mammal burrows, and fewer white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) than random points. Active tortoise locations away from burrows were closer to washes and perennial plants than were random points. Our results can help planners locate juvenile tortoises and avoid impacts to habitat critical for this life stage. Additionally, our results provide targets for habitat protection and restoration and suggest that diverse and abundant small-mammal populations and the availability of creosote bush are vital for juvenile desert tortoises in the Eastern Mojave Desert.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1054","usgsCitation":"Todd, B.D., Halstead, B., Chiquoine, L.P., Peaden, J.M., Buhlmann, K., Tuberville, T.D., and Nafus, A., 2016, Habitat selection by juvenile Mojave Desert tortoises: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 720-728, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1054.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"728","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070685","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0q26w9jk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":319335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.43310546875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 34.69646117272349\n ],\n [\n -114.378662109375,\n 34.44315867450577\n ],\n [\n -114.093017578125,\n 34.298068350990846\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -114.466552734375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -114.90600585937499,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -115.19165039062501,\n 34.243594729697406\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -115.30151367187501,\n 33.568861182555565\n ],\n [\n -115.55419921875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -116.004638671875,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -116.114501953125,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -116.72973632812499,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -116.993408203125,\n 34.02534773814796\n ],\n [\n -117.35595703124999,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -118.17993164062499,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 34.334364487026306\n ],\n [\n -118.93798828125,\n 34.84085858477277\n ],\n [\n -118.828125,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.4159149234562\n ],\n [\n -117.87231445312499,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -117.87231445312499,\n 35.84453450421662\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -118.004150390625,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -117.61962890624999,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -117.366943359375,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -116.64184570312501,\n 36.5184659896759\n ],\n [\n -116.43310546875,\n 36.37706783983682\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fc9e4b0f59b85e1eb66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Brian D","contributorId":167777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiquoine, Lindsay P.","contributorId":167778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiquoine","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peaden, J. Mark","contributorId":167779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peaden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buhlmann, Kurt A.","contributorId":167780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"Kurt A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuberville, Tracey D.","contributorId":95823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuberville","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nafus, Aleta","contributorId":167781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nafus","given":"Aleta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":623477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70177902,"text":"70177902 - 2016 - Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:37:45","indexId":"70177902","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas","docAbstract":"The Northern Great Plains (NGP) contains much of the remaining temperate grasslands, an ecosystem that is one of the most converted and least protected in the world. Within the NGP, the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) provides important habitat for >50% of North America's breeding waterfowl and many species of shorebirds, waterbirds, and grassland songbirds. This region also has high wind energy potential, but the effects of wind energy developments on migratory and resident bird and bat populations in the NGP remains understudied. This is troubling considering >2,200 wind turbines are actively generating power in the region and numerous wind energy projects have been proposed for development in the future. Our objectives were to estimate avian and bat fatality rates for wind turbines situated in cropland- and grassland-dominated landscapes, document species at high risk to direct mortality, and assess the influence of habitat variables on waterfowl mortality at 2 wind farms in the NGP. From 10 March to 7 June 2013–2014, we completed 2,398 searches around turbines for carcasses at the Tatanka Wind Farm (TAWF) and the Edgeley-Kulm Wind Farm (EKWF) in South Dakota and North Dakota. During spring, we found 92 turbine-related mortalities comprising 33 species and documented a greater diversity of species (n = 30) killed at TAWF (predominately grassland) than at EKWF (n = 9; predominately agricultural fields). After accounting for detection rates, we estimated spring mortality of 1.86 (SE = 0.22) deaths/megawatt (MW) at TAWF and 2.55 (SE = 0.51) deaths/MW at EKWF. Waterfowl spring (Mar–Jun) fatality rates were 0.79 (SE = 0.11) and 0.91 (SE = 0.10) deaths/MW at TAWF and EKWF, respectively. Our results suggest that future wind facility siting decisions consider avoiding grassland habitats and locate turbines in pre-existing fragmented and converted habitat outside of high densities of breeding waterfowl and major migration corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.1051","usgsCitation":"Graff, B.J., Jenks, J., Stafford, J.D., Jensen, K.C., and Grovenburg, T.W., 2016, Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 4, p. 736-745, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1051.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"736","endPage":"745","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066411","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","county":"Dickey County, LaMoure County, McIntosh County, McPherson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ],\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 46.64189395892872\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 46.64189395892872\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ],\n [\n -99.876708984375,\n 45.54867850352087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5811c0f2e4b0f497e79a5a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graff, Brianna J.","contributorId":176317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graff","given":"Brianna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. jstafford@usgs.gov","contributorId":4267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}