Adaptive management remains at the forefront of environmental management nearly 40 years after its original conception, largely because we have yet to develop other methodologies that offer the same promise. Despite the criticisms of adaptive management and the numerous failed attempts to implement it, adaptive management has yet to be replaced with a better alternative. The concept persists because it is simple, allows action despite uncertainty, and fosters learning. Moving forward, adaptive management of social-ecological systems provides policymakers, managers and scientists a powerful tool for managing for resilience in the face of uncertainty.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Adaptive management of social-ecological systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9682-8_14","usgsCitation":"Garmestani, A.S., and Allen, C.R., 2015, Adaptive management of social-ecological systems: The path forward, chap. of Adaptive management of social-ecological systems, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9682-8_14.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064262","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bae4b006cb45558a25","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145793,"text":"ofr20151069 - 2015 - Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T12:29:35","indexId":"ofr20151069","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1069","title":"Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring","docAbstract":"Habitat restoration efforts by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) have shifted from the site scale (1-10 meters) to the reach scale (100-1,000 meters). This shift was in response to the growing scientific emphasis on process-based restoration and to support from the 2007 Accords Agreement with the Bonneville Power Administration. With the increased size of restoration projects, the CTUIR and other agencies are in need of applicable monitoring methods for assessing large-scale changes in river and floodplain habitats following restoration. The goal of the Physical Habitat Monitoring Strategy is to outline methods that are useful for capturing reach-scale changes in surface and groundwater hydrology, geomorphology, hydrologic connectivity, and riparian vegetation at restoration projects. The Physical Habitat Monitoring Strategy aims to avoid duplication with existing regional effectiveness monitoring protocols by identifying complimentary reach-scale metrics and methods that may improve the ability of CTUIR and others to detect instream and riparian changes at large restoration projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Department of Natural Resources, and Northwest Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., O’Daniel, S.J., Beechie, T.J., Zakrajsek, John, and Webster, J.G., 2015, Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1069, 58 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151069.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055704","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151069.jpg"},{"id":299681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1069/pdf/ofr2015-1069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1069 Report"},{"id":299680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -119.44335937499999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Runoff from coal-tar-based (CT) sealcoated pavement is a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-heterocycles to surface waters. We investigated acute toxicity of simulated runoff collected from 5 h to 111 days after application of CT sealcoat and from 4 h to 36 days after application of asphalt-based sealcoat containing about 7% CT sealcoat (AS/CT-blend). Ceriodaphnia dubia (cladocerans) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) were exposed in the laboratory to undiluted and 1:10 diluted runoff for 48 h, then transferred to control water and exposed to 4 h of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Mortality following exposure to undiluted runoff from unsealed asphalt pavement and UVR was ≤10% in all treatments. Test organisms exposed to undiluted CT runoff samples collected during the 3 days (C. dubia) or 36 days (P. promelas) following sealcoat application experienced 100% mortality prior to UVR exposure; with UVR exposure, mortality was 100% for runoff collected across the entire sampling period. Phototoxic-equivalent PAH concentrations and mortality demonstrated an exposure-response relation. The results indicate that runoff remains acutely toxic for weeks to months after CT sealcoat application.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b00933","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Ingersoll, C.G., Van Metre, P., Kunz, J.L., and Little, E.E., 2015, Acute toxicity of runoff from sealcoated pavement to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 8, p. 5060-5069, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00933.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"5060","endPage":"5069","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058082","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e2c1be4b0b22a157f9f2d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b00933","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00933","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Mahler Barbara J., Ingersoll Christopher G., Van Metre Peter C., Kunz James L., Little Edward E.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"4/21/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, James L. 0000-0002-1027-158X jkunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-158X","contributorId":3309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"James","email":"jkunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146244,"text":"70146244 - 2015 - Exposure to runoff from coal-tar-sealed pavement induces genotoxicity and impairment of DNA repair capacity in the RTL-W1 fish liver cell line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:49:50","indexId":"70146244","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure to runoff from coal-tar-sealed pavement induces genotoxicity and impairment of DNA repair capacity in the RTL-W1 fish liver cell line","docAbstract":"Coal-tar-based (CTB) sealcoat, frequently applied to parking lots and driveways in North America, contains elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related compounds. The RTL-W1 fish liver cell line was used to investigate two endpoints (genotoxicity and DNA-repair-capacity impairment) associated with exposure to runoff from asphalt pavement with CTB sealcoat or with an asphalt-based sealcoat hypothesized to contain about 7% CTB sealcoat (AS-blend). Genotoxic potential was assessed by the Formamido pyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay for 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of runoff samples collected from 5 h to 36 d following sealcoat application. DNA-repair capacity was assessed by the base excision repair comet assay for 1:10 dilution of samples collected 26 h and 36 d following application. Both assays were run with and without co-exposure to ultraviolet-A radiation (UVA). With co-exposure to UVA, genotoxic effects were significant for both dilutions of CTB runoff for three of four sample times, and for some samples of AS-blend runoff. Base excision repair was significantly impaired for CTB runoff both with and without UVA exposure, and for AS-blend runoff only in the absence of UVA. This study is the first to investigate the effects of exposure to the complex mixture of chemicals in coal tar on DNA repair capacity. The results indicate that co-exposure to runoff from CT-sealcoated pavement and UVA as much as a month after sealcoat application has the potential to cause genotoxicity and impair DNA repair capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.005","usgsCitation":"Kienzler, A., Mahler, B., Van Metre, P., Schweigert, N., Devaux, A., and Bony, S., 2015, Exposure to runoff from coal-tar-sealed pavement induces genotoxicity and impairment of DNA repair capacity in the RTL-W1 fish liver cell line: Science of the Total Environment, v. 520, p. 73-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.005.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060690","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"520","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e2c1fe4b0b22a157f9f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kienzler, Aude","contributorId":140240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienzler","given":"Aude","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13426,"text":"University of Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. pcvanmet@usgs.gov","contributorId":486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","email":"pcvanmet@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweigert, Nathalie","contributorId":140241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweigert","given":"Nathalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13426,"text":"University of Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devaux, Alain","contributorId":140242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devaux","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13426,"text":"University of Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bony, Sylvie","contributorId":140243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bony","given":"Sylvie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13426,"text":"University of Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146138,"text":"sim3316 - 2015 - Image mosaic and topographic map of the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T16:23:06","indexId":"sim3316","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3316","title":"Image mosaic and topographic map of the moon","docAbstract":"Sheet 1: This image mosaic is based on data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Wide Angle Camera (WAC; Robinson and others, 2010), an instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft (Tooley and others, 2010). The equatorial WAC images were orthorectified onto the Global Lunar Digital Terrain Mosaic (GLD100, WAC-derived 100 m/pixel digital elevation model; Scholten and others, 2012) while the polar images were orthorectified onto the lunar LOLA polar digital elevation models (Neumann and others, 2010). The Mercator projection is used between latitudes ±57°, with a central meridian at 0° longitude and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The Polar Stereographic projection is used for the regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel, with a central meridian set for both at 0° and a latitude of true scale at +90° and -90°, respectively. All named features greater than 85 km in diameter or length were included unless they were not visible on the map. Some selected well-known features less than 85 km in size were also included. For listed references, please open the full PDF.
\nSheet 2: This map is based on data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA; Smith and others, 2010), an instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft (Tooley and others, 2010). The image used for the base of this map represents more than 6.5 billion measurements gathered between July 2009 and July 2013, adjusted for consistency in the coordinate system described below, and then converted to lunar radii (Mazarico and others, 2012). For the Mercator portion, these measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.015625 degrees per pixel, or 64 pixels per degree. In projection, the pixels are 473.8 m in size at the equator. For the polar portion, the LOLA elevation points were used to create a DEM at 240 meters per pixel. A shaded relief map was generated from each DEM with a sun angle of 45° from horizontal, and a sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north with no vertical exaggeration. The DEM values were then mapped to a global color look-up table, with each color representing a range of 1 km of elevation. For this map sheet, only larger feature names are shown. For references listed above, please open the full PDF.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3316","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Hare, T.M., Hayward, R., Blue, J.S., and Archinal, B.A., 2015, Image mosaic and topographic map of the moon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3316, 2 Sheets: 48.00 x 42.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3316.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 48.00 x 42.96 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055942","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3316.JPG"},{"id":299617,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3316/"},{"id":299621,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3316/downloads/sim3316_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 (Hi Res)","size":"251 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299622,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3316/downloads/sim3316_sheet1_lo_res.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 (Lo Res)","size":"58.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299623,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3316/downloads/sim3316_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 (Hi Res)","size":"427 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299624,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3316/downloads/sim3316_sheet2_lo_res.pdf","text":"Sheet 2 (Lo Res)","size":"55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"10000000","projection":"Mercator projection","otherGeospatial":"Moon","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e2c20e4b0b22a157f9f32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayward, Rosalyn K. 0000-0002-7428-0311 rhayward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-0311","contributorId":571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Rosalyn K.","email":"rhayward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blue, Jennifer S. jblue@usgs.gov","contributorId":2276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blue","given":"Jennifer","email":"jblue@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146122,"text":"sim3325 - 2015 - Seismic-hazard maps for the conterminous United States, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T09:22:35","indexId":"sim3325","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-14T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3325","title":"Seismic-hazard maps for the conterminous United States, 2014","docAbstract":"The maps presented here provide an update to the 2008 data contained in U.S Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3195 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3195/).Probabilistic seismic-hazard maps were prepared for the conterminous United States for 2014 portraying peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral response acceleration for 0.2- and 1.0-second periods with probabilities of exceedance of 10 percent in 50 years and 2 percent in 50 years. All of the maps were prepared by combining the hazard derived from spatially smoothed historical seismicity with the hazard from fault-specific sources. The acceleration values contoured are the random horizontal component. The reference site condition is firm rock, defined as having an average shear-wave velocity of 760 m/s in the top 30 meters corresponding to the boundary between NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction program) site classes B and C.
\nThis data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.05 degrees in latitude and longitude. The grid of points was contoured to produce the final representation of the seismic hazard.
\nThese maps are intended to summarize the available quantitative information about seismic ground motion hazard for the conterminous United States from geologic and geophysical sources.
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The Kahiltna terrane in southwestern Alaska was selected for investigation because of its known mineral deposits and potential for additional mineral resources. An assortment of technologies is being investigated to aid in remote analysis of terrain, and includes imaging spectroscopy (hyperspectral remote sensing), high spatial resolution electro-optical imagery, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). However, there are significant challenges to applying imaging spectroscopy and electro-optical imagery technologies in this area because of the low solar angle for parts of the year, seasonal periods of darkness and snow cover, and the frequently cloudy weather that characterizes Alaska. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was selected because this technology does not rely on solar illumination and has all-weather capability.
\nThe USGS has compiled a continuous, cloud-free 12.5-meter resolution radar mosaic of SAR data of approximately 212,000 square kilometers to examine the suitability of this technology for geologic mapping. This mosaic was created from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data collected from 2007 to 2010 spanning the Kahiltna terrane and the surrounding area. Interpretation of these data may help geologists understand past geologic processes and identify areas with potential for near-surface mineral resources for further ground-based geological and geochemical investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3323","usgsCitation":"Cole, C.J., Johnson, M., and Graham, G.E., 2015, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) mosaic for the Kahiltna terrane, Alaska, 2007-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3323, 1 Plate: 48 x 27.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3323.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 48 x 27.5 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057901","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299613,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3323/"},{"id":299614,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3323/pdf/SIM3323.pdf","text":"Map Sheet","size":"54.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3323 Map Sheet"},{"id":299615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3323.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kahiltna Terrane","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 59.40036514079251\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -147.1728515625,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -147.1728515625,\n 59.40036514079251\n ],\n [\n -158.37890625,\n 59.40036514079251\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552cda9ae4b0b22a157f5096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Christopher J. cjcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":2163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Christopher","email":"cjcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Garth E. 0000-0003-0657-0365 ggraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365","contributorId":1031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Garth","email":"ggraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146670,"text":"70146670 - 2015 - Effects of extreme floods on trout populations and fish communities in a Catskill Mountain river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T11:22:51","indexId":"70146670","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of extreme floods on trout populations and fish communities in a Catskill Mountain river","docAbstract":"Summary
\n1. Extreme hydrologic events are becoming more common with changing climate. Although the impacts of winter and spring floods on lotic ecosystems have been well studied, the effects of summer floods are less well known.
\n2. The Upper Esopus Creek Basin in the Catskill Mountains, NY, experienced severe flooding from Tropical Storm Irene on 28 August 2011, and peak discharges exceeded the 0.01 annual exceedance probability (>100 year flood) in some reaches. Three years of fish community data from pre-flood surveys at nine sites were compared to data from 2 years of post-flood surveys to evaluate changes in fish communities and populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
\n3. Basinwide, fish assemblages were not strongly impacted and appeared highly resilient to the effects of the flood. Total density and biomass of fish communities were greater at most sites 10-11 months after the flood than 1 month prior to the flood while richness and diversity were generally unchanged. Community composition did not differ significantly between years or between the pre-and post-flood periods.
\n4. Although the density of mature brown trout was low at most sites (mean density = 146 fish ha-1), young-of-the-year brown trout reached their highest density (mean = 2312 fish ha-1) during 2012. In contrast, rainbow trout densities declined substantially during the 5-year study and the 2012 year class was small (mean density = 222 fish ha-1).
\n5. Late summer floods may be less damaging to stream fish communities than winter or spring floods as spawning activity is negligible and early life stages of many species are generally larger and less susceptible to displacement and mortality. Additionally, post-flood conditions may be advantageous for brown trout recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12577","collaboration":"New York State Energy Research & Development Authority; Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County; US Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Baldigo, B.P., Smith, A., and Robinson, G., 2015, Effects of extreme floods on trout populations and fish communities in a Catskill Mountain river: Freshwater Biology, v. 60, no. 12, p. 2511-2522, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12577.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2511","endPage":"2522","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052350","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12577","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299783,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fwb.12577/full"}],"volume":"60","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362338e4b0b22a15807a8e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/fwb.12577","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12577","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"George S. D., Baldigo B. P., Smith A. J., Robinson G. R.","journalName":"Freshwater Biology","publicationDate":"4/13/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, Scott D. 0000-0002-8197-1866 sgeorge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-1866","contributorId":3014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Scott","email":"sgeorge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Alexander J.","contributorId":140345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Alexander J.","affiliations":[{"id":13464,"text":"Environmental Analyst, NY State Dept of Environmental Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, George","contributorId":140346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13465,"text":"Assoc. Professor, State University of New York at Albany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142251,"text":"70142251 - 2015 - Inundation and salinity impacts to above- and belowground productivity in Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain: implications for using river diversions as restoration tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T14:27:48","indexId":"70142251","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inundation and salinity impacts to above- and belowground productivity in Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain: implications for using river diversions as restoration tools","docAbstract":"Inundation and salinity directly affect plant productivity and processes that regulate vertical accretion in coastal wetlands, and are expected to increase as sea level continues to rise. In the Mississippi River deltaic plain, river diversions, which are being implemented as ecosystem restoration tools, can also strongly increase inundation in coastal wetlands. We used an in situ mesocosm approach to examine how varying salinity (two levels) and inundation rates (six levels) influenced end-of-season above- and belowground biomass of Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora during the growing season (March–October) in 2011. Above- and belowground biomass was highest in both species at higher elevations when inundation was minimal, and decreased exponentially with decreased elevation and increased flood duration. This negative biomass response to flooding was more pronounced in S. patens than in S. alterniflora, and S. patens also showed stronger biomass reductions at higher salinities. This salinity effect was absent for belowground biomass in S. alterniflora. These findings suggest that even subtle increases in sea level may lead to substantial reductions in productivity and organic accretion, and also illustrate the importance of considering the inundation tolerance of co-dominant species in receiving areas when utilizing river diversions for delta restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.035","usgsCitation":"Snedden, G.A., Cretini, K.F., and Patton, B., 2015, Inundation and salinity impacts to above- and belowground productivity in Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora in the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain: implications for using river diversions as restoration tools: Ecological Engineering, v. 81, p. 133-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-058690","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.6103286743164,\n 29.655239188953768\n ],\n [\n -89.60861206054688,\n 29.643304330949537\n ],\n [\n -89.81151580810547,\n 29.672542219068987\n ],\n [\n -89.80155944824217,\n 29.72145191669099\n ],\n [\n -89.6103286743164,\n 29.655239188953768\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552cda9fe4b0b22a157f509a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709 sneddeng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":3894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg","email":"sneddeng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cretini, Kari Foster 0000-0003-0419-0748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-0748","contributorId":40314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cretini","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patton, Brett 0000-0002-7396-3452 pattonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-3452","contributorId":5458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Brett","email":"pattonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156237,"text":"70156237 - 2015 - Accelerometer-derived activity correlates with volitional swimming speed in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-18T09:43:11","indexId":"70156237","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accelerometer-derived activity correlates with volitional swimming speed in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)","docAbstract":"Quantifying fine-scale locomotor behaviours associated with different activities is challenging for free-swimming fish.
Biologging and biotelemetry tools can help address this problem. An open channel flume was used to generate volitional
swimming speed (Us) estimates of cultured lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and these were paired with
simultaneously recorded accelerometer-derived metrics of activity obtained from three types of data-storage tags. This study
examined whether a predictive relationship could be established between four different activity metrics (tail-beat frequency
(TBF), tail-beat acceleration amplitude (TBAA), overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), and vectorial dynamic body acceleration
(VeDBA)) and the swimming speed of A. fulvescens. Volitional Us of sturgeon ranged from 0.48 to 2.70 m·s−1 (0.51–3.18 body
lengths (BL) · s−1). Swimming speed increased linearly with all accelerometer-derived metrics, and when all tag types were
combined, Us increased 0.46 BL·s−1 for every 1 Hz increase in TBF, and 0.94, 0.61, and 0.94 BL·s−1 for every 1g increase in TBAA,
ODBA, and VeDBA, respectively. Predictive relationships varied among tag types and tag-specific parameter estimates of Us are
presented for all metrics. This use of acceleration data-storage tags demonstrated their applicability for the field quantification
of sturgeon swimming speed.
The material in this volume reflects the burgeoning interest in sea ducks, both as study species with compelling and unique ecological attributes and as taxa of conservation concern. In this review, we provide perspective on the current state of sea duck knowledge by highlighting key findings in the preceding chapters that are of particular value for understanding or influencing population change. We also introduce a conceptual model that characterizes links among topics covered by individual chapters and places them in the context of demographic responses. Finally, we offer recommendations for areas of future research that we suggest will have importance for understanding and managing sea duck population dynamics.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Flint, P.L., Derksen, D.V., Savard, J.L., and Eadie, J.M., 2015, Conclusions, synthesis, and future directions: understanding sources of population change, chap. of Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks, v. 46, p. 499-508.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055993","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261444e4b0fb9a11dd75f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147255,"text":"70147255 - 2015 - Remigial molt of sea ducks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147255,"text":"70147255 - 2015 - Remigial molt of sea ducks","indexId":"70147255","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Remigial molt of sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:56:42","indexId":"70147255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Remigial molt of sea ducks","docAbstract":"Molt is a dynamic process occurring throughout much of the year in waterfowl. The molt of flight feathers by waterfowl, especially sea ducks, however, occurs over a compressed period of time and in spcific areas used each year. We provide an overview of the flight feather molt of sea ducks. We focus on the need to molt and why, the timing and duration of flight feather mot, and the duration birds remain at molting areas; energetics of molt and strategies for managing energetic needs; molt migration' food resources and foraging behavior; predation risks; temporal constraints and competition; response to disturbance; and molt habitats and seasonal differences in habitat used by sea ducks. We conclude by presenting and discussing data gaps and emphasize the continuing need for a holistic approach to sea duck management and international cooperation among countries.
","largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","collaboration":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Savard, J.L., 2015, Remigial molt of sea ducks, chap. 9 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 305-336.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"336","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054808","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff655e4b09cfe53ca79bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","indexId":"70147374","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T09:47:41","indexId":"70147374","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","docAbstract":"In this chapter, I explore population dynamics of sea ducks by developing population models. In determining which life history characteristics had the greatest influence on future population dynamics, adult female survival consistently had the highest sensitivity and elasticity and this result was robust across a wide range of life history parameter values. Conversely, retrospective models consistently found that the majority of annual variation in lambda was associate with variation in productivity. Stochastic models that are base on process variation and incorporate correlations among life history parameters are the most useful for visualizing the probability of achieving a desired management outcome. Effective management targets both the mean and the variance parameters and takes advantage of correlations among life history parameters. Example models demonstrate that sea duck species can achieve equal fitness using a variety of survival and productivity combinations. Sea duck populations will tend to have long time largest in terms of responding to management actions. Understanding the role of density-dependent population regulation is critical for effective sea duck management and conservation.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Savard, J.L., 2015, Variation in migration strategies of North American sea ducks, chap. 8 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, v. 46, p. 267-304.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"304","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025071","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299972,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482248975"}],"volume":"46","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566ff659e4b09cfe53ca79d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70147256,"text":"70147256 - 2015 - Habitats of North American sea ducks.","indexId":"70147256","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks."},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:45:24","indexId":"70147256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Habitats of North American sea ducks.","docAbstract":"Breeding, molting, fall and spring staging, and wintering habitats of the sea duck tribe Mergini are described based on geographic locations and distribution in North America, geomorphology, vegetation and soil types, and fresh water and marine characteristics. The dynamics of habitats are discussed in light of natural and anthropogenic events that shape areas important to sea ducks. Strategies for sea duck habitat management are outlined and recommendations for international collaboration to preserve key terrestrial and aquatic habitats are advanced. We follow the definition of habitat advanced by Odum (1971), which is the place or space where an organism lives. Weller (1999) emphasized that habitats for waterbirds required presence of sufficient resources (i.e., food, water, cover, space) for maintenance during a portion of their annual cycle. Habitats exploited by North American sea ducks are diverse, widespread across the continent and adjacent marine waters and until recently, most were only superficially known. A 15-year-long effort funded research on sea duck habitats through the Sea Duck Joint Venture and the Endangered or Threatened Species programs of the United States and Canada. Nevertheless, important gaps remain in our understanding of key elements required by some species during various life stages. Many significant habitats, especially staging and wintering sites, have been and continue to be destroyed or altered by anthropogenic activities. The goal of this chapter is to develop a comprehensive summary of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats and their characteristics by considering sea duck species with similar needs as groups within the tribe Mergini. Additionally, we examine threats and changes to sea duck habitats from human-caused and natural events. Last, we evaluate conservation and management programs underway or available for maintenance and enhancement of habitats critical for sea ducks.
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Following the initial earthquake, an aftershock sequence was initiated, with the most significant aftershock being a Mw6.3 earthquake occurring on 22 February 2011. This aftershock caused severe damage to the city of Christchurch and building failures that killed 185 people. During the aftershock sequence it became evident that effective communication of aftershock information (e.g., history and forecasts) was imperative to assist with decision making during the response and recovery phases of the disaster, as well as preparedness for future aftershock events. As a consequence, a joint JCDR-USGS research project was initiated to investigate: • How aftershock information was communicated to organisations and to the public; • How people interpreted that information; • What people did in response to receiving that information; • What information people did and did not need; and • What decision-making challenges were encountered relating to aftershocks. Research was conducted by undertaking focus group meetings and interviews with a range of information providers and users, including scientists and science advisors, emergency managers and responders, engineers, communication officers, businesses, critical infrastructure operators, elected officials, and the public. The interviews and focus group meetings were recorded and transcribed, and key themes were identified. This paper focuses on the aftershock information needs for decision-making about the built environment post-earthquake, including those involved in response (e.g., for building assessment and management), recovery/reduction (e.g., the development of new building standards), and readiness (e.g. between aftershocks). The research has found that the communication of aftershock information varies with time, is contextual, and is affected by interactions among roles, by other information, and by decision objectives. A number of general and specific insights into improving the communication of aftershock information are provided.
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The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a state and federally threatened species that historically occurred in the wetland habitats of California’s Great Central Valley. Despite the loss of 93 % of historic wetlands throughout the Central Valley, giant gartersnakes continue to persist in relatively small, isolated patches of highly modified agricultural wetlands. Gathering information regarding genetic diversity and effective population size represents an essential component for conservation management programs aimed at this species. Previous mitochondrial sequence studies have revealed historical patterns of differentiation, yet little is known about contemporary population structure and diversity. On the basis of 15 microsatellite loci, we estimate population structure and compare indices of genetic diversity among populations spanning seven drainage basins within the Central Valley. We sought to understand how habitat loss may have affected genetic differentiation, genetic diversity and effective population size, and what these patterns suggest in terms of management and restoration actions. We recovered five genetic clusters that were consistent with regional drainage basins, although three northern basins within the Sacramento Valley formed a single genetic cluster. Our results show that northern drainage basin populations have higher connectivity than among central and southern basins populations, and that greater differentiation exists among the more geographically isolated populations in the central and southern portion of the species’ range. Genetic diversity measures among basins were significantly different, and were generally lower in southern basin populations. Levels of inbreeding and evidence of population bottlenecks were detected in about half the populations we sampled, and effective population size estimates were well below recommended minimum thresholds to avoid inbreeding. Efforts focused on maintaining and enhancing existing wetlands to facilitate dispersal between basins and increase local effective population sizes may be critical for these otherwise isolated populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-015-0720-6","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Halstead, B., Casazza, M.L., Hansen, E.C., Wylie, G.D., and Vandergast, A.G., 2015, Defining population structure and genetic signatures of decline in the giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas): implications for conserving threatened species within highly altered landscapes: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1025-1039, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-015-0720-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1039","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062768","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aace4b05561fa208688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, Eric C.","contributorId":146299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16663,"text":"Eric C. Hansen Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169287,"text":"70169287 - 2015 - Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:18:23","indexId":"70169287","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-11T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis","docAbstract":"Understanding the dietary habits of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) can give important insights into their ecology, however, studying the diet of loons is difficult when direct observation or specimen collection is impractical. We investigate the diet of yellow-billed loons nesting on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Tissue analysis from 26 yellow-billed loons and eleven prey groups (nine fish species and two invertebrate groups) from Arctic lakes suggests that yellow-billed loons are eating high proportions of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis), broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) during late spring and early summer. The prominence of blackfish in diets highlights the widespread availability of blackfish during the early stages of loon nesting, soon after spring thaw. The high proportions of broad whitefish and three-spined stickleback may reflect a residual signal from the coastal staging period prior to establishing nesting territories on lakes, when loons are more likely to encounter these species. Our analyses were sensitive to the choice of calibration coefficient based on data from three different species, indicating the need for development of loon-specific coefficients for future study and confirmation of our results. Regardless, fish that are coastally distributed and that successfully overwinter in lakes are likely key food items for yellow-billed loons early in the nesting season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3","usgsCitation":"Haynes, T.B., Schmutz, J.A., Bromaghin, J.F., Iverson, S.J., Padula, V.M., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2015, Diet of yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii) in Arctic lakes during the nesting season inferred from fatty acid analysis: Polar Biology, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1239-1247, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1690-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1247","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061290","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":335486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H993BH","text":"Fatty acid signature data of potential yellow-billed loon prey in the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska, 2009-2011"},{"id":319337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 70.0\n ],\n [\n -154.18,\n 71.0\n ],\n [\n -157.18,\n 71.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f50fb7e4b0f59b85e1ead9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, T B","contributorId":167768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"T","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":24825,"text":"School of Fish and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S J","contributorId":167769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"S","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":24826,"text":"Department of Biology, Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Padula, V. M.","contributorId":167770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Padula","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24825,"text":"School of Fish and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberger, A E","contributorId":167771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"A","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":24827,"text":"Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146256,"text":"70146256 - 2015 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater of the bedrock at a geothermal feasibility site on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-24T16:29:02","indexId":"70146256","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater of the bedrock at a geothermal feasibility site on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in three boreholes on Roosevelt Island, New York County, New York. Cornell University was evaluating the feasibility of using geothermal energy for a future campus at the site. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the Fordham Gneiss in test boreholes at the site. Three fracture populations dominated by small (0.04 in or less) fractures were delineated in the three boreholes. A sub-horizontal population with low to moderate dipping fractures, a northeast dipping population with moderate to high angle fractures, and a small northwest dipping high angle fracture population. One large southwest dipping transmissive fracture underlies the entire study area with a mean dip azimuth of 235º southwest and a dip angle of 31º (N325ºW 31ºSW). The mean foliation dip azimuth was 296º northwest with a mean dip angle of 73º (N26ºE 73ºNW). Groundwater appears to flow through a network of fractures dominated by a large fracture underlying the site that is affected by tidal variations from the nearby East River. The total number of fractures penetrated by each borehole was 95, 63, and 68, with fracture indices of 0.26, 0.20, and 0.20 in GT-1 (NY292), GT-2 (NY293), and GT-3 (NY294), respectively. Aquifer test data indicate the specific capacity of boreholes GT-1 (NY292), GT-2 (NY293), and GT-3 (NY294) was 1.9, 1.5, and 3.7 gal/min/ft, respectively. The large contribution of flow from the leaking casing in borehole GT-3 (NY294) caused the doubling in specific capacity compared to boreholes GT-1 (NY292) and GT-2 (NY293). The transmissivities of the large fracture intersected by the three boreholes tested (GT-1, GT-2, and GT-3), calculated from aquifer-test analyses of time-drawdown data and flowmeter differencing, were 133, 124, and 65 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. Gringarten analysis indicated the large fracture intersects a low transmissivity boundary or distant fracture network with an average transmissivity of 69 ft2/d, this distant hydraulic boundary averages about 200 ft away from boreholes GT-1 and GT-2. Field measurements of specific conductance of the three boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site. Specific conductance was 5, 6, and 23 millisiemens per centimeter (mS/cm) in boreholes GT-2, GT-3, and GT-1, respectively. Three borehole radar reflection logs collected at each of the boreholes indicated increased penetration with depth and the large fracture intersecting all three boreholes was imaged as far as 80 ft from the boreholes. A borehole radar attenuation tomogram from GT-1 to GT-2 indicated the large fracture intersected by the boreholes extends between the boreholes with a low angle southwest dip.
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The disease has a distinct lesion (semi-circular pattern of tissue loss with an adjacent dark band) that was first observed in Hanalei Bay, Kaua‘i in 2004. The disease, initially termedMontipora banded tissue loss, appeared grossly similar to black band disease (BBD), which affects corals worldwide. Following the initial report, a rapid response was initiated as outlined in Hawai‘i’s rapid response contingency plan to determine outbreak status and investigate the disease. Our study identified the three dominant bacterial constituents indicative of BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria) in coral disease lesions from Kaua‘i, which provided the first evidence of BBD in the Hawaiian archipelago. A rapid survey at the alleged outbreak site found disease to affect 6-7% of the montiporids, which is higher than a prior prevalence of less than 1% measured on Kaua‘i in 2004, indicative of an epizootic. Tagged colonies with BBD had an average rate of tissue loss of 5.7 cm2/day over a two-month period. Treatment of diseased colonies with a double band of marine epoxy, mixed with chlorine powder, effectively reduced colony mortality. Within two months, treated colonies lost an average of 30% less tissue compared to untreated controls.
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The program uses a three-dimensional (3D) method of columns approach to assess the stability of many (typically millions) potential landslides within a user-defined size range. For each potential landslide (or failure), Scoops3D assesses the stability of a rotational, spherical slip surface encompassing many DEM cells using a 3D version of either Bishop’s simplified method or the Ordinary (Fellenius) method of limit-equilibrium analysis. Scoops3D has several options for the user to systematically and efficiently search throughout an entire DEM, thereby incorporating the effects of complex surface topography. In a thorough search, each DEM cell is included in multiple potential failures, and Scoops3D records the lowest stability (factor of safety) for each DEM cell, as well as the size (volume or area) associated with each of these potential landslides. It also determines the least-stable potential failure for the entire DEM. The user has a variety of options for building a 3D domain, including layers or full 3D distributions of strength and pore-water pressures, simplistic earthquake loading, and unsaturated suction conditions. Results from Scoops3D can be readily incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) or other visualization software. This manual includes information on the theoretical basis for the slope-stability analysis, requirements for constructing and searching a 3D domain, a detailed operational guide (including step-by-step instructions for using the graphical user interface [GUI] software, Scoops3D-i) and input/output file specifications, practical considerations for conducting an analysis, results of verification tests, and multiple examples illustrating the capabilities of Scoops3D. Easy-to-use software installation packages are available for the Windows or Macintosh operating systems; these packages install the compiled Scoops3D program, the GUI (Scoops3D-i), and associated documentation. Several Scoops3D examples, including all input and output files, are available as well. The source code is written in the Fortran 90 language and can be compiled to run on any computer operating system with an appropriate compiler.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm14A1","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., Christian, S.B., Brien, D.L., and Henderson, S.T., 2015, Scoops3D: software to analyze 3D slope stability throughout a digital landscape: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 14-A1, Report: xiv, 218 p.; Readme; Windows install package; Mac install disk image; examples folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm14A1.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 218 p.; Readme; Windows install package; Mac install disk image; examples folder","numberOfPages":"236","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049458","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm14A1.jpg"},{"id":299582,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_Scoops3Dexamples_1.3.zip","text":"Examples folder","size":"35 MB"},{"id":299580,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/Scoops3D_1.3.01win_installer.exe","text":"Windows install package version 1.3.01","size":"35 MB"},{"id":299579,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_ReadMe_Scoops3D_1.3.01.txt","size":"15 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":299578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/pdf/tm14-a1.pdf","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299581,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/downloads/tm14-a1_Scoops3D_1.1mac.dmg","text":"Mac install disk image version 1.1","size":"51 MB"},{"id":299577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/14/a01/"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 1 of Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528e61de4b026915857cb00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christian, Sarah B.","contributorId":20739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, Scott T.","contributorId":119002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144858,"text":"70144858 - 2015 - Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T12:56:43","indexId":"70144858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T12:55:06","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\"","docAbstract":"The purpose of this forum is to respond to a rebuttal submitted by Julian et al., Environ Manag 55:1–5, 2015 where they outlined their overall disagreement with the data preparation, methods, and interpretation of results presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014). Here, we provide background information on the research premise presented in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014) and provide a defense for this work using five themes. In spite of what Julian et al. perceive as limitations in the sampling methods and analytical tools used for this work, the relationships found between fish total mercury and surface water sulfate concentrations in Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014) are comparable to relationships between pore water methylmercury (MeHg) and pore water sulfate found in past studies indicating that sulfate is important to MeHg production and bioaccumulation in the Everglades. Julian et al. state “…there is no way to justify any ecosystem-wide sulfur strategy as a management approach to reduce mercury risk in the (Everglades) as suggested by Gabriel et al. (Environ Manag 53:583–593, 2014), Corrales et al. (Sci Tot Environ 409:2156–2162, 2011) and Orem et al. (Rev Environ Sci Technol 41 (S1):249–288, 2011).” We disagree, and having stated why sulfate input reduction to the Everglades may be the most effective means of reducing mercury in Everglades fish, it is important that research on sulfur and mercury biogeochemistry continues. If further studies support the relationship between sulfate loading reduction and MeHg reduction, sulfur mass balance studies should commence to (1) better quantify agricultural and connate seawater sulfate inputs and (2) define opportunities to reduce sulfate inputs to the Everglades ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0486-0","usgsCitation":"Gabriel, M.C., Axelrad, D., Orem, W.H., and Osborne, T.Z., 2015, Response to \"Comment on and Reinterpretation of Gabriel et al. (2014) \"Fish Mercury and Surface Water Sulfate Relationships in the Everglades Protection Area\"\": Environmental Management, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1227-1231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0486-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1231","ipdsId":"IP-063092","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabriel, Mark C.","contributorId":140034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gabriel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13361,"text":"International Joint Commission, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrad, Don","contributorId":140035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Axelrad","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13362,"text":"Florida A&M University, Inst. of Public Health, Tallahassee, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborne, Todd Z.","contributorId":140037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":13363,"text":"University of Florida, Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Soil and Water Science Dept, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144368,"text":"70144368 - 2015 - Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T19:28:40.037907","indexId":"70144368","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-10T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global trends in emerging viral diseases of wildlife origin","docAbstract":"Fifty years ago, infectious diseases were rarely considered threats to wildlife populations, and the study of wildlife diseases was largely a neglected endeavor. Furthermore, public health leaders at that time had declared that “it is time to close the book on infectious diseases and the war against pestilence won,” a quote attributed to Dr. William H. Stewart in 1967. There is some debate whether he actually said these words; however, they reflect the widespread belief at that time (Spellberg, 2008). Leap forward to today, and the book on infectious diseases has been dusted off. There is general consensus that the global environment favors the emergence of infectious diseases, and in particular, diseases of wildlife origin (Taylor et al., 2001). Examples of drivers of these infectious diseases include climate and landscape changes, human demographic and behavior changes, global travel and trade, microbial adaptation, and lack of appropriate infrastructure for wildlife disease control and prevention (Daszak et al., 2001). The consequences of these emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy and food security, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecosystem integrity. For example, 35 million people are currently living with HIV infection globally (http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en); 400 million poultry have been culled since 2003 as a result of efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (http://www.fao.org/avianflu/en/index.html), and there are increasing biological and ecological consequences.
\nExamples of health threats to biodiversity include the “spillover” of human diseases to great ape populations (Köndgen et al., 2008), the near-extirpation of the black-footed ferret from canine distemper and sylvatic plague (for a review see Abbott et al., 2012), and threats to Hawaiian forest birds from introduced pathogens such as avian malaria and avian pox (van Riper et al., 1986, 2002). There are also newly discovered pathogens or diseases that have resulted in population declines, and global extinctions of several species. Examples include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally (Kriger and Hero, 2009); and recently discovered Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans, the etiologic agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS), which has caused precipitous declines of North American bat species (Blehert et al., 2009). Furthermore, there is increasing evidence of the subsequent impacts on human and ecosystem health; for example, increasing risk of exposure to Lyme disease as a consequence of decreased biodiversity (LoGiudice et al., 2003) as well as the economic cost of the loss of bats due to decreased insect control services (Boyles et al., 2011). Figure A12-1 is a timeline of important diseases investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey since the 1970s, which illustrates three factors:
\n1. The unprecedented emergence of new pathogens and geographic spread of known pathogens since the 1990s;
\n2. Diseases are increasingly causing large-scale, negative impacts on wildlife populations and spreading over larger geographic areas rather than remaining localized; and
\n3. Diseases are increasingly of concern for multiple sectors, including public health, agriculture and wildlife management agencies.
\nOf increasing concern are these novel diseases such as WNS as they are hard to anticipate, particularly devastating to human health or wildlife populations, challenging to manage, spread over large geographic areas in short time periods, and may result in ecological ripple effects that are difficult to predict.
\nThe following article provides examples of recently emerged viral diseases of wildlife origin. The examples have been selected to illustrate the drivers of emerging viral diseases, both novel pathogens and previously known diseases, the impacts of these diseases, as well as the role of wildlife both as “villains” or reservoirs as well as “victims” of these viral diseases. The article also discusses potential management strategies for emerging viral diseases in wildlife populations and future science directions in wildlife health to prevent, prepare, respond to, and recover from these disease events. Finally, the concept of One Health and its potential role in developing solutions to these issues of mutual concern is discussed.
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