{"pageNumber":"1260","pageRowStart":"31475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40904,"records":[{"id":70020811,"text":"70020811 - 1998 - In situ determination of particle friction angles of fluvial gravels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T09:55:55","indexId":"70020811","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ determination of particle friction angles of fluvial gravels","docAbstract":"<p><span>Particle friction angles Φ represent the physical resistance to initial movement of a sediment particle and are therefore useful for relating initiation of motion to particular flows. We determined over 8000 friction angle values at five natural rivers by applying a new method that uses a digital load cell to directly measure the force&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub><i>d</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>required to pivot or slide a particle out of its natural resting place. Within each site, median Φ values were very similar to previously reported relations, yet different enough between sites that a location-general predictive empirical relation would produce errors in Φ of ±10 degrees for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>D</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>/</span><i>K</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&gt; 1. Furthermore, within a<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>D</i><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>/</span><i>K</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>class at a given site the range in Φ was as large as 80°, much greater than the range of median values between classes for natural sediment mixtures. Using estimates of τ</span><sub><i>c</i></sub><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from extensive bed load measurements made by<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Andrews and Erman</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>[1986] at Sagehen Creek and the in situ Φ measurements made in this study together with a theoretical model developed by<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Wiberg and Smith</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>[1987], we show that Φ measurements made with this new method can be used to accurately predict τ</span><sub><i>c</i></sub><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for natural, water-worked sediments. Additionally, these results confirm that a Φ value ≪Φ</span><sub>50</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is more appropriate for predicting τ</span><sub><i>c</i></sub><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of a given size class.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00312","usgsCitation":"Johnston, C.E., Andrews, E., and Pitlick, J., 1998, In situ determination of particle friction angles of fluvial gravels: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 8, p. 2017-2030, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00312.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2030","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr00312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a399ce4b0c8380cd6199e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Christopher E.","contributorId":149104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitlick, John","contributorId":168765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitlick","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25358,"text":"University of Colorado, Geography Dept., Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":387605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020809,"text":"70020809 - 1998 - Use of sublethal endpoints in sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T13:49:00","indexId":"70020809","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of sublethal endpoints in sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Short-term sediment toxicity tests that only measure effects on survival can be used to identify high levels of contamination but may not be able to identify marginally contaminated sediments. The objective of the present study was to develop a method for determining the potential sublethal effects of contaminants associated with sediment on the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i> (e.g., reproduction). Exposures to sediment were started with 7- to 8-d-old amphipods. On day 28, amphipods were isolated from the sediment and placed in water-only chambers where reproduction was measured on day 35 and 42. Typically, amphipods were first in amplexus at about day 21 to 28 with release of the first brood between day 28 to 42. Endpoints measured included survival (day 28, 35, and 42), growth (as length and weight on day 28 and 42), and reproduction (number of young/female produced from day 28 to 42). This method was used to evaluate a formulated sediment and field-collected sediments with low to moderate concentrations of contaminants. Survival of amphipods in these sediments was typically &gt;85% after the 28-d sediment exposures and the 14-d holding period in water to measure reproduction. Reproduction was more variable than growth; hence, more replicates might be needed to establish statistical differences among treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated that growth of <i>H. azteca</i> in sediment tests often provides unique information that can be used to discriminate toxic effects of exposure to contaminants. Either length or weight can be measured in sediment tests with <i>H. azteca</i>. However, additional statistical options are available if length is measured on individual amphipods, such as nested analysis of variance that can account for variance in length within replicates. Ongoing water-only studies testing select contaminants will provide additional data on the relative sensitivity and variability of sublethal endpoints in toxicity tests with <i>H. azteca</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170811","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C.G., Brunson, E., Dwyer, F.J., Hardesty, D., and Kemble, N.E., 1998, Use of sublethal endpoints in sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i>: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1508-1523, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170811.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1508","endPage":"1523","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1236401","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf8de4b08c986b329c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, Chris G.","contributorId":48008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brunson, Eric L. 0000-0001-6624-0902 elbrunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0902","contributorId":3282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Eric L.","email":"elbrunson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, F. James","contributorId":176136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, Douglas K. dhardesty@usgs.gov","contributorId":3281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Douglas K.","email":"dhardesty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020807,"text":"70020807 - 1998 - Coseismic temporal changes of slip direction: The effect of absolute stress on dynamic rupture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:28:49.620362","indexId":"70020807","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic temporal changes of slip direction: The effect of absolute stress on dynamic rupture","docAbstract":"<p>We investigate the dynamics of rupture at low-stress level. We show that one main difference between the dynamics of high- and low-stress events is the amount of coseismic temporal rake rotation occurring at given points on the fault. Curved striations on exposed fault surfaces and earthquake dislocation models derived from ground-motion inversion indicate that the slip direction may change with time at a point on the fault during dynamic rupture. We use a 3D boundary integral method to model temporal rake variations during dynamic rupture propagation assuming a slip-weakening friction law and isotropic friction. The points at which the slip rotates most are characterized by an initial shear stress direction substantially different from the average stress direction over the fault plane. We show that for a given value of stress drop, the level of initial shear stress (i.e., the fractional stress drop) determines the amount of rotation in slip direction. We infer that seismic events that show evidence of temporal rake rotations are characterized by a low initial shear-stress level with spatially variable direction on the fault (possibly due to changes in fault surface geometry) and an almost complete stress drop.</p><p>Our models motivate a new interpretation of curved and cross-cutting striations and put new constraints on their analysis. The initial rake is in general collinear with the initial stress at the hypocentral zone, supporting the assumptions made in stress-tensor inversion from first-motion analysis. At other points on the fault, especially away from the hypocenter, the initial slip rake may not be collinear with the initial shear stress, contradicting a common assumption of structural geology. On the other hand, the later part of slip in our models is systematically more aligned with the average stress direction than the early slip. Our modeling suggests that the length of the straight part of curved striations is usually an upper bound of the slip-weakening distance if this parameter is uniform over the fault plane, and the direction of the late part of slip of curved striations should have more weight in the estimate of initial stress direction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0880030777","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Guatteri, M., and Spudich, P., 1998, Coseismic temporal changes of slip direction: The effect of absolute stress on dynamic rupture: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 88, no. 3, p. 777-789, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880030777.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"789","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5de4b0c8380cd4e252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guatteri, Mariagiovanna","contributorId":29979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guatteri","given":"Mariagiovanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021026,"text":"70021026 - 1998 - Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:17:04","indexId":"70021026","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>A multispecies numerical code was developed to simulate flow and mass transport with kinetic adsorption in variable-density flow systems. The two-dimensional code simulated the transport of bromide (Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>), a nonreactive tracer, and lithium (Li</span><sup>+</sup><span>), a reactive tracer, in a large-scale tracer test performed in a sand-and-gravel aquifer at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A two-fraction kinetic adsorption model was implemented to simulate the interaction of Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>with the aquifer solids. Initial estimates for some of the transport parameters were obtained from a nonlinear least squares curve-fitting procedure, where the breakthrough curves from column experiments were matched with one-dimensional theoretical models. The numerical code successfully simulated the basic characteristics of the two plumes in the tracer test. At early times the centers of mass of Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>sank because the two plumes were closely coupled to the density-driven velocity field. At later times the rate of downward movement in the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume due to gravity slowed significantly because of dilution by dispersion. The downward movement of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume was negligible because the two plumes moved in locally different velocity regimes, where Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>transport was retarded relative to Br</span><sup>−</sup><span>. The maximum extent of downward transport of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume was less than that of the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume. This study also found that at early times the downward movement of a plume created by a three-dimensional source could be much more extensive than the case with a two-dimensional source having the same cross-sectional area. The observed shape of the Br</span><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume at Cape Cod was simulated by adding two layers with different hydraulic conductivities at shallow depth across the region. The large dispersion and asymmetrical shape of the Li</span><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume were simulated by including kinetic adsorption-desorption reactions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02918","usgsCitation":"Zhang, H., Schwartz, F.W., Wood, W., Garabedian, S., and LeBlanc, D., 1998, Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02918.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b6e4b08c986b31963e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Hubao","contributorId":196105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Hubao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Frank W.","contributorId":196083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020804,"text":"70020804 - 1998 - Comparison of hydrochemical tracers to estimate source contributions to peak flow in a small, forested, headwater catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:11:50","indexId":"70020804","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of hydrochemical tracers to estimate source contributions to peak flow in a small, forested, headwater catchment","docAbstract":"Three-component (throughfall, soil water, groundwater) hydrograph separations at peak flow were performed on 10 storms over a 2-year period in a small forested catchment in north-central Maryland using an iterative and an exact solution. Seven pairs of tracers (deuterium and oxygen 18, deuterium and chloride, deuterium and sodium, deuterium and silica, chloride and silica, chloride and sodium, and sodium and silica) were used for three-component hydrograph separation for each storm at peak flow to determine whether or not the assumptions of hydrograph separation routinely can be met, to assess the adequacy of some commonly used tracers, to identify patterns in hydrograph-separation results, and to develop conceptual models for the patterns observed. Results of the three-component separations were not always physically meaningful, suggesting that assumptions of hydrograph separation had been violated. Uncertainties in solutions to equations for hydrograph separations were large, partly as a result of violations of assumptions used in deriving the separation equations and partly as a result of improper identification of chemical compositions of end-members. Results of three-component separations using commonly used tracers were widely variable. Consistent patterns in the amount of subsurface water contributing to peak flow (45-100%) were observed, no matter which separation method or combination of tracers was used. A general conceptual model for the sequence of contributions from the three end-members could be developed for 9 of the 10 storms. Overall results indicated that hydrochemical and hydrometric measurements need to be coupled in order to perform meaningful hydrograph separations.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00917","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Hornberger, G., 1998, Comparison of hydrochemical tracers to estimate source contributions to peak flow in a small, forested, headwater catchment: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1755-1766, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00917.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1755","endPage":"1766","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr00917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Catoctin Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.52021789550781,\n              39.57049901310693\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.52021789550781,\n              39.69001640474053\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3880386352539,\n              39.69001640474053\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3880386352539,\n              39.57049901310693\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.52021789550781,\n              39.57049901310693\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86ae4b0c8380cd4d0b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021392,"text":"70021392 - 1998 - Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021392","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing","docAbstract":"A near real-time streamflow-simulation system utilizing continuous-simulation rainfall-runoff generation with dynamic-wave routing is being developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Du Page County Department of Environmental Concerns for a 24-kilometer reach of Salt Creek in Du Page County, Illinois. This system is needed in order to more effectively manage the Elmhurst Quarry Flood Control Facility, an off-line stormwater diversion reservoir located along Salt Creek. Near real time simulation capabilities will enable the testing and evaluation of potential rainfall, diversion, and return-flow scenarios on water-surface elevations along Salt Creek before implementing diversions or return-flows. The climatological inputs for the continuous-simulation rainfall-runoff model, Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) are obtained by Internet access and from a network of radio-telemetered precipitation gages reporting to a base-station computer. The unit area runoff time series generated from HSPF are the input for the dynamic-wave routing model. Full Equations (FEQ). The Generation and Analysis of Model Simulation Scenarios (GENSCN) interface is used as a pre- and post-processor for managing input data and displaying and managing simulation results. The GENSCN interface includes a variety of graphical and analytical tools for evaluation and quick visualization of the results of operational scenario simulations and thereby makes it possible to obtain the full benefit of the fully distributed dynamic routing results.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management","conferenceDate":"7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Ishii, A.L., Charlton, T., Ortel, T., and Vonnahme, C., 1998, Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998, p. 147-152.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e92e4b0c8380cd756e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loucks E","contributorId":128438,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Loucks E","id":536472,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ishii, A. L.","contributorId":61464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, T.J.","contributorId":64831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ortel, T.W.","contributorId":102224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortel","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vonnahme, C.C.","contributorId":37100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonnahme","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020742,"text":"70020742 - 1998 - Before and after retrofit - response of a building during ambient and strong motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020742","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2511,"text":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Before and after retrofit - response of a building during ambient and strong motions","docAbstract":"This paper presents results obtained from ambient vibration and strong-motion responses of a thirteen-story, moment-resisting steel framed Santa Clara County Office Building (SCCOB) before being retrofitted by visco-elastic dampers and from ambient vibration response following the retrofit. Understanding the cumulative structural and site characteristics that affect the response of SCCOB before and after the retrofit is important in assessing earthquake hazards to other similar buildings and decision making in retrofitting them. The results emphasize the need to better evaluate structural and site characteristics in developing earthquake resisting designs that avoid resonating effects. Various studies of the strong-motion response records from the SCCOB during the 24 April 1984 (MHE) Morgan Hill (MS = 6.1), the 31 March 1986 (MLE) Mt. Lewis (MS = 6.1) and the 17 October 1989 (LPE) Loma Prieta (MS = 7.1) earthquakes show that the dynamic characteristics of the building are such that it (a) resonated (b) responded with a beating effect due to close-coupling of its translational and torsional frequencies, and (c) had a long-duration response due to low-damping. During each of these earthquakes, there was considerable contents damage and the occupants felt the rigorous vibration of the building. Ambient tests of SCCOB performed following LPE showed that both translational and torsional periods of the building are smaller than those derived from strong motions. Ambient tests performed following the retrofit of the building with visco-elastic dampers show that the structural fundamental mode frequency of the building has increased. The increased frequency implies a stiffer structure. Strong-motion response of the building during future earthquakes will ultimately validate the effectiveness of the retrofit method.This paper presents results obtained from ambient vibration and strong-motion responses of a thirteen-story, moment-resisting steel framed Santa Clara County Office Building (SCCOB) before being retrofitted by visco-elastic dampers and from ambient vibration response following the retrofit. Understanding the cumulative structural and site characteristics that affect the response of SCCOB before and after the retrofit is important in assessing earthquake hazards to other similar buildings and decision making in retrofitting them. The results emphasize the need to better evaluate structural and site characteristics in developing earthquake resisting designs that avoid resonating effects. Various studies of the strong-motion response records from the SCCOB during the 24 April 1984 (MHE) Morgan Hill (Ms = 6.1), the 31 March 1986 (MLE) Mt. Lewis (Ms = 6.1) and the 17 October 1989(LPE) Loma Prieta (Ms = 7.1) earthquakes show that the dynamic characteristics of the building are such that it (a) resonated (b) responded with a beating effect due to close-coupling of its translational and torsional frequencies, and (c) had a long-duration response due to low-damping. During each of these earthquakes, there was considerable contents damage and the occupants felt the rigorous vibration of the building. Ambient tests of SCCOB performed following LPE showed that both translational and torsional periods of the building are smaller than those derived from strong motions. Ambient tests performed following the retrofit of the building with visco-elastic dampers show that the structural fundamental mode frequency of the building has increased. The increased frequency implies a stiffer structure. Strong-motion response of the building during future earthquakes will ultimately validate the effectiveness of the retrofit method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 8th US National Conference on Wind Engineering","conferenceDate":"5 June 1997 through 7 June 1997","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00148-2","issn":"01676105","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., and Liu, H.P., 1998, Before and after retrofit - response of a building during ambient and strong motions: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, v. 77-78, p. 259-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00148-2.","startPage":"259","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00148-2"},{"id":231426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77-78","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f09be4b0c8380cd4a7e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jones N.P.","contributorId":128296,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jones N.P.","id":536466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186281,"text":"70186281 - 1998 - Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:25:48","indexId":"70186281","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecosystem studies are difficult to interpret because of the complexity and number of pathways that may affect a phenomenon of interest. It is not possible to study all aspects of a problem; thus subjective judgment is required to weigh what has been observed in the context of components that were not studied but may have been important. This subjective judgment is usually a poorly documented and ad hoc addendum to a statistical analysis of the data. We present a Bayesian methodology for documenting, quantifying, and incorporating these necessary subjective elements into an ecosystem study. The end product of this methodology is the probability of each of the competing hypotheses. As an example, this method is applied to an ecosystem study designed to discriminate among competing hypotheses for a low abundance of sea otters at a previously oiled site in Prince William Sound, Alaska.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on fishery stock assessment models for the 21st century; 15th Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":" International Symposium on Fishery Stock Assessment Models for the 21st Century; 15th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 8-11, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.4027/fsam.1998","isbn":"978-1-56612-057-9","usgsCitation":"Adkison, M.D., Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., and Holland-Bartels, L.E., 1998, Integrating ecosystem studies: A Bayesian comparison of hypotheses, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the international symposium on fishery stock assessment models for the 21st century; 15th Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Fairbanks, AK, October 8-11, 1997, p. 495-509, https://doi.org/10.4027/fsam.1998.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"509","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/40687","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","publicComments":"Larger Work is University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. AK-SG-98-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997ecca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Funk, F.","contributorId":190308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinn, T.J. II","contributorId":190310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.J.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heifetz, J.","contributorId":190311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heifetz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ianelli, J.N.","contributorId":190312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ianelli","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powers, J.E.","contributorId":190313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schweigert, J.F.","contributorId":190314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schweigert","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688144,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullivan, P.J.","contributorId":38762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, C.-I.","contributorId":190315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"C.-I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688146,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}],"authors":[{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie E. lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","contributorId":222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"lholland-bartels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":688138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021387,"text":"70021387 - 1998 - Modeling and management of water in the Klamath River Basin: overcoming politics and conflicts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:15:25","indexId":"70021387","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling and management of water in the Klamath River Basin: overcoming politics and conflicts","docAbstract":"The network flow model MODSIM, which was designed as a water quantity mass balance model for evaluating and selecting water management alternatives, has been applied to the Klamath River basin. A background of conflicting issues in the basin is presented. The complexity of water quantity model development, while satisfying the many stakeholders and involved special interest groups is discussed, as well as the efforts taken to have the technical model accepted and used, and overcome stakeholder criticism, skepticism, and mistrust of the government.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water resources engineering 98: Proceedings of the International Water Resources Engineering Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Flug, M., and Scott, J.F., 1998, Modeling and management of water in the Klamath River Basin: overcoming politics and conflicts, <i>in</i> Water resources engineering 98: Proceedings of the International Water Resources Engineering Conference, Memphis, TN, August 3-7, 1998, p. 938-943.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"943","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd6e4b0c8380cd6f838","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Abt, Steven R.","contributorId":114136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young-Pezeshk, Jayne","contributorId":112039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young-Pezeshk","given":"Jayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508704,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Chester C.","contributorId":111342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Chester","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508703,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Flug, Marshall","contributorId":56404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flug","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, John F.","contributorId":64418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014809,"text":"1014809 - 1998 - An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T15:30:46.471729","indexId":"1014809","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, <i>Picoides borealis</i>","title":"An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatially-explicit population models allow a link between demography and the landscape. We developed a spatially-explicit simulation model for the red-cockaded woodpecker,&nbsp;</span><i>Picoides borealis</i><span>, an endangered and territorial cooperative breeder endemic to the southeastern United States. This kind of model is especially appropriate for this species because it can incorporate the spatial constraints on dispersal of helpers, and because territory locations are predictable. The model combines demographic data from a long-term study with a description of the spatial location of territories. Sensitivity analysis of demographic parameters revealed that population stability was most sensitive to changes in female breeder mortality, mortality of female dispersers and the number of fledglings produced per brood. Population behavior was insensitive to initial stage distribution; reducing the initial number of birds by one-half had a negligible effect. Most importantly, we found that the spatial distribution of territories had as strong an effect on response to demographic stochasticity as territory number. Populations were stable when territories were highly aggregated, with as few as 49 territories. When territories were highly dispersed, more than 169 territories were required to achieve stability. Model results indicate the importance of considering the spatial distribution of territories in management plans, and suggest that this approach is worthy of further development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Priddy, J., Walters, J.R., and Crowder, L., 1998, An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis: Biological Conservation, v. 86, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Sandhills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66211033931289,\n              34.80194002557678\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.95027479178532,\n              34.90353113485962\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.74394564757431,\n              35.04301392230171\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.82647730525883,\n              35.47263766097372\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.67242679652291,\n              35.51883344420203\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.09540154215557,\n              35.13165194172102\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3945788012611,\n              34.818880586998134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priddy, J.A.","contributorId":73962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priddy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, J. R.","contributorId":91061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184937,"text":"70184937 - 1998 - Investigating flight response of Pacific brant to helicopters at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska by using logistic regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T09:33:23","indexId":"70184937","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Investigating flight response of Pacific brant to helicopters at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska by using logistic regression","docAbstract":"<p><span>Izembek Lagoon, an estuary in Alaska, is a very important staging area for Pacific brant, a small migratory goose. Each fall, nearly the entire Pacific Flyway population of 130,000 brant flies to Izembek Lagoon and feeds on eelgrass to accumulate fat reserves for nonstop transoceanic migration to wintering areas as distant as Mexico. In the past 10 years, offshore drilling activities in this area have increased, and, as a result, the air traffic in and out of the nearby Cold Bay airport has also increased. There has been a concern that this increased air traffic could affect the brant by disturbing them from their feeding and resting activities, which in turn could result in reduced energy intake and buildup. This may increase the mortality rates during their migratory journey. Because of these concerns, a study was conducted to investigate the flight response of brant to overflights of large helicopters. Response was measured on flocks during experimental overflights of large helicopters flown at varying altitudes and lateral (perpendicular) distances from the flocks. Logistic regression models were developed for predicting probability of flight response as a function of these distance variables. Results of this study may be used in the development of new FAA guidelines for aircraft near Izembek Lagoon.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Statistical case studies: A collaboration between academe and industry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applies Mathematics","isbn":"978-0-898714-13-5","usgsCitation":"Erickson, W.P., Nick, T.G., and Ward, D.H., 1998, Investigating flight response of Pacific brant to helicopters at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska by using logistic regression, chap. 13 <i>of</i> Statistical case studies: A collaboration between academe and industry, p. 155-170.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bookstore.siam.org/sa03/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -163.61663818359375,\n              54.963424881416756\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.38891601562497,\n              54.963424881416756\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.38891601562497,\n              55.514637085013575\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.61663818359375,\n              55.514637085013575\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.61663818359375,\n              54.963424881416756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c50ca1e4b0f37a93ee9ceb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Peck, Roxy","contributorId":189044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Roxy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugh, Larry D.","contributorId":189045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haugh","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683702,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodman, Arnold","contributorId":189046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodman","given":"Arnold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683703,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Wallace P.","contributorId":78627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nick, Todd G.","contributorId":189043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nick","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":81445,"text":"81445 - 1998 - Great Lakes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":81445,"text":"81445 - 1998 - Great Lakes","indexId":"81445","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Great Lakes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70103848,"text":"70103848 - 1998 - Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","indexId":"70103848","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T16:01:42","indexId":"81445","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Lakes region, as defined here, includes the Great Lakes and their drainage basins in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. The region also includes the portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and the 21 northernmost counties of Illinois that lie in the Mississippi River drainage basin, outside the floodplain of the river. The region spans about 9º of latitude and 20º of longitude and lies roughly halfway between the equator and the North Pole in a lowland corridor that extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean.</p><p>The Great Lakes are the most prominent natural feature of the region (Fig. 1). They have a combined surface area of about 245,000 square kilometers and are among the largest, deepest lakes in the world. They are the largest single aggregation of fresh water on the planet (excluding the polar ice caps) and are the only glacial feature on Earth visible from the surface of the moon (The Nature Conservancy 1994a).</p><p>The Great Lakes moderate the region’s climate, which presently ranges from subarctic in the north to humid continental warm in the south (Fig. 2), reflecting the movement of major weather masses from the north and south (U.S. Department of the Interior 1970; Eichenlaub 1979). The lakes act as heat sinks in summer and heat sources in winter and are major reservoirs that help humidify much of the region. They also create local precipitation belts in areas where air masses are pushed across the lakes by prevailing winds, pick up moisture from the lake surface, and then drop that moisture over land on the other side of the lake. The mean annual frost-free period—a general measure of the growing-season length for plants and some cold-blooded animals—varies from 60 days at higher elevations in the north to 160 days in lakeshore areas in the south. The climate influences the general distribution of wild plants and animals in the region and also influences the activities and distribution of the human population.</p><p>The wild plants and animals and the natural systems that support them in the Great Lakes region are valuable resources of considerable local, regional, and national interest. They are also, in part, transboundary resources that we share with our Canadian neighbors to the north. The way these resources are changing over time is inadequately known and is a cause for concern for resource users and for those charged with managing and protecting these unique and valuable resources. This chapter describes the wild plants and animals and the systems that support them in the Great Lakes region; addresses their condition; and points out the gaps in our knowledge about them that, if filled, would aid in their conservation and appropriate use.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","isbn":"016053285X","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., 1998, Great Lakes, chap. <i>of</i> Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 219-254.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ed8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, Paul A.","contributorId":86690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, Catherine E.","contributorId":45630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504104,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014846,"text":"1014846 - 1998 - Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T21:14:17.436145","indexId":"1014846","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variation in advection or other physical forces may accelerate or&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">delay</span><span>&nbsp;arrival of young marine fishes into productive nearshore habitats, thereby affecting the length of the available growing season. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">bluefish</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pomatomus saltatrix</i><span>&nbsp;is an oceanic spawner whose juvenile stages, upon entry into estuarine waters, become piscivorous and thereby experience greatly increased growth.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">Size</span><span>&nbsp;attained during the growing season may therefore be determined by time of arrival into estuarine habitats. We exposed&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">bluefish</span><span>&nbsp;recently recruited to an estuary to three diet shift treatments in which test fish were fed adult brine shrimp&nbsp;</span><i>Artemia</i><span>&nbsp;sp. for&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">0</span><span>, 10, or 20 d before they were switched to piscine prey.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">Bluefish</span><span>&nbsp;that had a&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">delayed</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">onset</span><span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">piscivory</span><span>&nbsp;were smaller after 40 d of growth, indicating that they did not fully compensate for prior periods of slow growth. These&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">bluefish</span><span>&nbsp;did exhibit immediate moderate growth compensation (about 6% over 10 d)&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">resulting</span><span>&nbsp;from increased consumption rates, but relatively low growth efficiencies prevented full recovery of their growth losses. Low growth efficiencies may have&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">resulted</span><span>&nbsp;from an induced developmental handicap or an energetic penalty for prolonged feeding on an&nbsp;</span><i>Artemia</i><span>&nbsp;diet. The timing of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">age</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">bluefish</span><span>&nbsp;recruitment into estuarine environments can have a lasting influence on&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">size</span><span>&nbsp;attained during the first growing season.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Buckel, J., Letcher, B., and Conover, D., 1998, Effects of a delayed onset of piscivory on the size of age-0 bluefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 127, no. 4, p. 576-587, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1998)127<0576:EOADOO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckel, J.A.","contributorId":24732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conover, D.O.","contributorId":52925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conover","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187672,"text":"70187672 - 1998 - Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:41:13","indexId":"70187672","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations","docAbstract":"<p><span>A regression model approach using a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has the potential for estimating crop production in East Africa. However, before production estimation can become a reality, the underlying model assumptions and statistical nature of the sample data (NDVI and crop production) must be examined rigorously. Annual maize production statistics from 1982-90 for 36 agricultural districts within Kenya were used as the dependent variable; median area NDVI (independent variable) values from each agricultural district and year were extracted from the annual maximum NDVI data set. The input data and the statistical association of NDVI with maize production for Kenya were tested systematically for the following items: (1) homogeneity of the data when pooling the sample, (2) gross data errors and influence points, (3) serial (time) correlation, (4) spatial autocorrelation and (5) stability of the regression coefficients. The results of using a simple regression model with NDVI as the only independent variable are encouraging (r 0.75, p 0.05) and illustrate that NDVI can be a responsive indicator of maize production, especially in areas of high NDVI spatial variability, which coincide with areas of production variability in Kenya.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311698214677","usgsCitation":"Lewis, J., Rowland, J., and Nadeau, A., 1998, Estimating maize production in Kenya using NDVI: Some statistical considerations: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 19, no. 13, p. 2609-2617, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698214677.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2617","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bae4b044b359e486b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, J.E.","contributorId":37388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nadeau, A.","contributorId":182399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadeau","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187662,"text":"70187662 - 1998 - Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:18:32","indexId":"70187662","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>The center of the Okmok caldera in Alaska subsided 140 cm as a result of its February– April 1997 eruption, according to satellite data from ERS-1 and ERS-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry. The inferred deflationary source was located 2.7 km beneath the approximate center of the caldera using a point source deflation model. Researchers believe this source is a magma chamber about 5 km from the eruptive source vent. During the 3 years before the eruption, the center of the caldera uplifted by about 23 cm, which researchers believe was a pre-emptive inflation of the magma chamber. Scientists say such measurements demonstrate that radar interferometry is a promising spaceborne technique for monitoring remote volcanoes. Frequent, routine acquisition of images with SAR interferometry could make near realtime monitoring at such volcanoes the rule, aiding in eruption forecasting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98EO00348","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Mann, D., and Freymueller, J., 1998, Satellite radar interferometry measures deformation at Okmok Volcano: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 79, no. 39, p. 461-468, https://doi.org/10.1029/98EO00348.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bbe4b044b359e486bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Dorte","contributorId":66876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dorte","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freymueller, Jeff","contributorId":82190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freymueller","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185265,"text":"70185265 - 1998 - Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T11:27:46","indexId":"70185265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel","docAbstract":"<p><span>The performance of parametric models used to describe soil water retention (SWR) properties and predict unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) as a function of volumetric water content (θ) is examined using SWR and K(θ) data for coarse sand and gravel sediments. Six 70 cm long, 10 cm diameter cores of glacial outwash were instrumented at eight depths with porous cup ten-siometers and time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil water pressure head (h) and θ, respectively, for seven unsaturated and one saturated steady-state flow conditions. Forty-two θ(h) and K(θ) relationships were measured from the infiltration tests on the cores. Of the four SWR models compared in the analysis, the van Genuchten (1980) equation with parameters m and n restricted according to the Mualem (m = 1 - 1/n) criterion is best suited to describe the θ(h) relationships. The accuracy of two models that predict K(θ) using parameter values derived from the SWR models was also evaluated. The model developed by van Genuchten (1980) based on the theoretical expression of Mualem (1976) predicted K(θ) more accurately than the van Genuchten (1980) model based on the theory of Burdine (1953). A sensitivity analysis shows that more accurate predictions of K(θ) are achieved using SWR model parameters derived with residual water content (θ</span><sub>r</sub><span>) specified according to independent measurements of θ at values of h where θ/h ∼ 0 rather than model-fit θ</span><sub>r</sub><span> values. The accuracy of the model K(θ) function improves markedly when at least one value of unsaturated K is used to scale the K(θ) function predicted using the saturated K. The results of this investigation indicate that the hydraulic properties of coarse-grained sediments can be accurately described using the parametric models. In addition, data collection efforts should focus on measuring at least one value of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and as complete a set of SWR data as possible, particularly in the dry range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x","usgsCitation":"Mace, A., Rudolph, D.L., and Kachanoski, R.G., 1998, Suitability of parametric models to describe the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated coarse sand and gravel: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 3, p. 465-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02818.x.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"465","endPage":"475","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mace, Andy","contributorId":189473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mace","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudolph, David L.","contributorId":189474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kachanoski, R. Gary","contributorId":189475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kachanoski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187529,"text":"70187529 - 1998 - Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T12:26:38","indexId":"70187529","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5384,"text":"Cultural Resources Management","printIssn":"1068-4999","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials","docAbstract":"<p>Geographical information systems are rapidly becoming essential tools for land management. They provide a way to link landscape features to the wide variety of information that managers must consider when formulating plans for a site, designing site improvement and restoration projects, determining maintenance projects and protocols, and even interpreting the site. At the same time, they can be valuable research tools.</p><p>Standing structures offer a different sort of geography, even though a humanly contrived one. Therefore, the capability of a geographical information system (GIS) to link geographical units to the information pertinent to the site and resource management can be employed in the management of standing structures. This was the idea that inspired the use of a GIS software, ArcView, to link computer aided design CAD) drawings of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials with inventories of the stones in the memorials. Both the CAD drawings and the inventory were in existence; what remained to be done was to modify the CAD files and place the inventory in an appropriately designed computerized database, and then to link the two in a GIS project. This work was carried out at the NPS Denver Service Center, Resource Planning Group, Applied Archaeology Center (DSC-RPG-AAC), in Silver Spring, Maryland, with the assistance of US/ICOMOS summer interns Katja Marasovic (Croatia) and Rastislav Gromnica (Slovakia), under the supervision of AAC office manager Douglas Comer. Project guidance was provided by Tony Donald, the Denver Service Center (DSC) project architect for the restoration of the Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials, and GIS consultation services by Kyle Joly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Donald, T., and Comer, D., 1998, Cultural resource applications for a GIS: Stone conservation at Jefferson and Lincoln Memorials: Cultural Resources Management, v. 21, no. 2, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps70980/lps70980/www.nps.gov/CRMJournal/CRM.html"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59103229e4b0e541a03a857e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Tony","contributorId":191811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comer, Douglas","contributorId":191812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185245,"text":"70185245 - 1998 - Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:40:25","indexId":"70185245","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We classified levels of direct response of brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos middendorffi</i>) to aircraft, watercraft, and groups of people on the O'Malley River area of Kodiak Island, Alaska. General public use occurred on the area in 1991 and 1993, whereas structured bear viewing programs used the area in 1992 and 1994. Brown bears displayed high (running) or moderate (walking away) response on 18 (48%) occasions when fixed-wing aircraft flew over the animals &lt;100 m above ground. Three of 4 helicopter flights &lt;200 m overhead and 9 interactions with watercraft at ≤200 m distance also elicited strong response. Encounters between people and bears resulted in strong responses from bears more frequently (37%, n = 134) during years of general public use than in years of structured bear viewing (6%, n = 72, P &lt; 0.0001). We suggest that higher levels of low or neutral response by bears to encounters with guided bear viewing groups was the result of consistent and predictable patterns of human activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","usgsCitation":"Wilker, G.A., and Barnes, V.G., 1998, Responses of brown bears to human activities at O'Malley River, Kodiak Island, Alaska: Ursus, v. 10, p. 557-561.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"561","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=ursvol9_20","text":"Volume 10 on Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Island, O'Malley River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.05921936035156,\n              57.24924472842805\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.9459228515625,\n              57.24924472842805\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.9459228515625,\n              57.30557149205643\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.05921936035156,\n              57.30557149205643\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.05921936035156,\n              57.24924472842805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","publicComments":"This volume is titled \"A selection of papers from the Tenth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Fairbanks, Alaska, July 1995, and Mora, Sweden, September 1995.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilker, Gregory A.","contributorId":89811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020389,"text":"70020389 - 1998 - Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:09:19","indexId":"70020389","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">As part of the activities of the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Interagency Consortium, an intermediate-scale land cover data set is being generated for the conterminous United States. This effort is being conducted on a region-by-region basis using U.S. Standard Federal Regions. To date, land cover data sets have been generated for Federal Regions 3 (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware) and 2 (New York and New Jersey). Classification work is currently under way in Federal Region 4 (the southeastern United States), and land cover mapping activities have been started in Federal Regions 5 (the Great Lakes region) and 1 (New England). It is anticipated that a land cover data set for the conterminous United States will be completed by the end of 1999. A standard land cover classification legend is used, which is analogous to and compatible with other classification schemes. The primary MRLC regional classification scheme contains 23 land cover classes.</p><p class=\"Para\">The primary source of data for the project is the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) sensor. For each region, TM scenes representing both leaf-on and leaf-off conditions are acquired, preprocessed, and georeferenced to MRLC specifications. Mosaicked data are clustered using unsupervised classification, and individual clusters are labeled using aerial photographs. Individual clusters that represent more than one land cover unit are split using spatial modeling with multiple ancillary spatial data layers (most notably, digital elevation model, population, land use and land cover, and wetlands information). This approach yields regional land cover information suitable for a wide array of applications, including landscape metric analyses, land management, land cover change studies, and nutrient and pesticide runoff modeling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005996900217","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Sohl, T.L., Campbell, P., and Shaw, D., 1998, Regional land cover characterization using Landsat thematic mapper data and ancillary data sources: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 415-428, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206893,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005996900217"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a535e4b0e8fec6cdbd83","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Veith G.","contributorId":128423,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Veith G.","id":536464,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":16604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.V.","contributorId":29985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, D.M.","contributorId":46716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162644,"text":"70162644 - 1998 - Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T11:54:26","indexId":"70162644","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper discusses the spatial distribution patterns of the various species of the Unionid mussels as functions of their respective life-cycle characteristics. Computer simulations identify two life-cycle characteristics as major factors governing the abundance of a species, namely the movement range of their fish hosts and the success rate of the parasitic larval glochidia in finding fish hosts. Core mussels species have fish hosts with large movement range to disperse the parasitic larval glochidia to achieve high levels of abundance. Species associated with fish host of limited movement range require high success rate of finding fish host to achieve at least an intermediate level of abundance. Species with low success rate of finding fish hosts coupled with fish hosts having limited movement range exhibit satellite species characteristics, namely rare in numbers and sparse in distributions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00609-X","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., DeAngelis, D., and Koh, H.L., 1998, Modeling spatial distribution of the Unionid mussels and the core-satellite hypothesis: Water Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 73-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00609-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cde4b07ca61bfea590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Hooi-Ling","contributorId":16618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Hooi-Ling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koh, Hock Lye","contributorId":119022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"Hock","email":"","middleInitial":"Lye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020622,"text":"70020622 - 1998 - Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:41:42.754106","indexId":"70020622","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3528,"text":"Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 and climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interannual variations of atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations at Mauna Loa are almost masked by the seasonal cycle and a strong trend; at the South Pole, the seasonal cycle is small and is almost lost in the trend and interannual variations. Singular-spectrum analysis (SSA) is used here to isolate and reconstruct interannual signals at both sites and to visualize recent decadal changes in the amplitude and phase of the seasonal cycle. Analysis of the Mauna Loa CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;series illustrates a hastening of the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;seasonal cycle, a close temporal relation between Northern Hemisphere (NH) mean temperature trends and the amplitude of the seasonal CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;cycle, and tentative ties between the latter and seasonality changes in temperature over the NH continents. Variations of the seasonal CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;cycle at the South Pole differ from those at Mauna Loa: it is phase changes of the seasonal cycle at the South Pole, rather than amplitude changes, that parallel hemispheric and global temperature trends. The seasonal CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;cycles exhibit earlier occurrences of the seasons by 7 days at Mauna Loa and 18 days at the South Pole. Interannual CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;variations are shared at the two locations, appear to respond to tropical processes, and can be decomposed mostly into two periodicities, around (3 years)</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;and (4 years)</span><sup>-1</sup><span>, respectively. Joint SSA analyses of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>concentrations and tropical climate indices isolate a shared mode with a quasi-triennial (QT) period in which the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and sea-surface temperature (SST) participation are in phase opposition. The other shared mode has a quasi-quadrennial (QQ) period and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;variations are in phase with the corresponding tropical SST variations throughout the tropics. Together these interannual modes exhibit a mean lag between tropical SSTs and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;variations of about 6–8 months, with SST leading. Analysis of the QT and QQ signals in global gridded SSTs, joint SSA of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and δ13C isotopic ratios, and SSA of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and NH-land temperatures indicate that the QT variations in CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;mostly reflect upwelling variations in the eastern tropical Pacific. QQ variations are dominated by the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;signature of terrestrial-ecosystem response to global QQ climate variations. Climate variations associated with these two interannual components of tropical variability have very different effects on global climate and, especially, on terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Tellus Journals","doi":"10.3402/tellusb.v50i1.16018","issn":"02806509","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., and Ghil, M., 1998, Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 and climate: Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v50i1.16018.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496149,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v50i1.16018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8872e4b08c986b316998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghil, M.","contributorId":63967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghil","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":87328,"text":"87328 - 1998 - Coupling demography, physiology and evolution in chaparral shrubs,","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T16:00:40.213598","indexId":"87328","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coupling demography, physiology and evolution in chaparral shrubs,","docAbstract":"<p><span>Historically, since fire is a recurrent catastrophic disturbance, mediterranean-climate shrubs have been classified by their mode of postfire regeneration, i.e., obligate seeders, facultative seeders or obligate resprouters. While these terms are useful, they are too restrictive in that they only refer to a species’ response to fire and do not adequately describe modes of reproduction for all taxa.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Disturbance and Biodiversity in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-03543-6_14","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1998, Coupling demography, physiology and evolution in chaparral shrubs,, chap. <i>of</i> Landscape Disturbance and Biodiversity in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems., p. 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03543-6_14.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837b9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rundel, P.W.","contributorId":79068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montenegro, G.","contributorId":63762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montenegro","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaksic, F.M.","contributorId":113348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaksic","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020873,"text":"70020873 - 1998 - Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:45:35","indexId":"70020873","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d","docAbstract":"The paleoclimatic record from bottom sediments of Lake Baikal (eastern Siberia) reveals new evidence for an abrupt and intense glaciation during the initial part of the last interglacial period (isotope substage 5d). This glaciation lasted about 12 000 yr from 117 000 to 105 000 yr BP according to correlation with the SPEC-MAP isotope chronology. Lithological and biogeochemical evidence of glaciation from Lake Baikal agrees with evidence for the advance of ice sheet in northwestern Siberia during this time period and also with cryogenic features within the strata of Kazantzevo soils in Southern Siberia. The severe 5d glaciation in Siberia was caused by dramatic cooling due to the decrease in solar insolation (as predicted by the model of insulation changes for northern Asia according to Milankovich theory) coupled with western atmospheric transport of moisture from the opea areas of Northern Atlantic and Arctic seas (which became ice-free due to the intense warming during preceeding isotope substage 5e). Other marine and continental records show evidence for cooling during 5d, but not for intense glaciation. Late Pleistocene glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere may have begun in northwestern Siberia.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1006/qres.1998.1980","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Karabanov, E., Prokopenko, A., Williams, D.F., and Colman, S.M., 1998, Evidence from Lake Baikal for Siberian glaciation during oxygen-isotope substage 5d: Quaternary Research, v. 50, no. 1, p. 46-55, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1980.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              103.53515625,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ],\n            [\n              105.9521484375,\n              51.45400691005982\n            ],\n            [\n              109.16015624999999,\n              52.96187505907603\n            ],\n            [\n              110.56640625,\n              55.55349545845371\n            ],\n            [\n              110.12695312499999,\n              56.24334992410525\n            ],\n            [\n              108.9404296875,\n              56.17002298293205\n            ],\n            [\n              107.9296875,\n              54.59752785211386\n            ],\n            [\n              105.8203125,\n              52.77618568896171\n            ],\n            [\n              103.271484375,\n              51.56341232867588\n            ],\n            [\n              103.53515625,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d59e4b0c8380cd52f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karabanov, E.B.","contributorId":37084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karabanov","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prokopenko, A.A.","contributorId":50309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopenko","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D. F.","contributorId":51928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020587,"text":"70020587 - 1998 - Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:30:29","indexId":"70020587","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America","docAbstract":"<p>Decadal (&gt;7- yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%-50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal variations are contributed by fluctuations in precipitation from seasons of the year that vary from region to region and that are not necessarily concentrated in the wettest season(s) alone. The precipitation variations are linked to various decadal atmospheric circulation and SST anomaly patterns where scales range from regional to global scales and that emphasize tropical or extratropical connections, depending upon which precipitation region is considered. Further, wet or dry decades are associated with changes in frequency of at least a few short-period circulation 'modes' such as the Pacific-North American pattern. Precipitation fluctuations over the southwestern United States and the Saskatchewan region of western Canada are associated with extensive shifts of sea level pressure and SST anomalies, suggesting that they are components of low-frequency precipitation variability from global-scale climate proceses. Consistent with the global scale of its pressure and SST connection, the Southwest decadal precipitation is aligned with opposing precipitation fluctuations in northern Africa.Decadal (&gt;7-yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%-50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal variations are contributed by fluctuations in precipitation from seasons of the year that vary from region to region and that are not necessarily concentrated in the wettest season(s) alone. The precipitation variations are linked to various decadal atmospheric circulation and SST anomaly patterns where scales range from regional to global scales and that emphasize tropical or extratropical connections, depending upon which precipitation region is considered. Further, wet or dry decades are associated with changes in frequency of at least a few short-period circulation `modes' such as the Pacific-North American pattern. Precipitation fluctuations over the southwestern United States and the Saskatchewan region of western Canada are associated with extensive shifts of sea level pressure and SST anomalies, suggesting that they are components of low-frequency precipitation variability from global-scale climate processes. Consistent with the global scale of its pressure and SST connection, the Southwest decadal precipitation is aligned with opposing precipitation fluctuations in northern Africa.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Dettinger, M.D., Diaz, H.F., and Graham, N., 1998, Decadal variability of precipitation over Western North America: Journal of Climate, v. 11, no. 12, p. 3148-3166.","startPage":"3148","endPage":"3166","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfee4b0c8380cd4ea5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":386779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 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,{"id":70174365,"text":"70174365 - 1998 - A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:42:43","indexId":"70174365","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) installed Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS) in San Francisco Bay, California to provide observations of tides, tidal currents, and meteorological conditions. PORTS data are used for optimizing vessel operations, increasing margin of safety for navigation, and guiding hazardous material spill prevention and response. Because tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay are extremely complex, limited real-time observations are insufficient to provide spatial resolution for variations of tides and tidal currents. To fill the information gaps, a highresolution, robust, semi-implicit, finite-difference nowcast numerical model has been implemented for San Francisco Bay. The model grid and water depths are defined on coordinates based on Mercator projection so the model outputs can be directly superimposed on navigation charts. A data assimilation algorithm has been established to derive the boundary conditions for model simulations. The nowcast model is executed every hour continuously for tides and tidal currents starting from 24 hours before the present time (now) covering a total of 48 hours simulation. Forty-eight hours of nowcast model results are available to the public at all times through the World Wide Web (WWW). Users can view and download the nowcast model results for tides and tidal current distributions in San Francisco Bay for their specific applications and for further analysis.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Ocean community conference","conferenceDate":"November 15-19","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Technology Society","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Smith, R., 1998, A nowcast model for tides and tidal currents in San Francisco Bay, California, Ocean community conference, Baltimore, Maryland, November 15-19, p. 537-543.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"543","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's 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