{"pageNumber":"1261","pageRowStart":"31500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70157232,"text":"70157232 - 2015 - Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T11:35:26","indexId":"70157232","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change","docAbstract":"

Natural-resource managers and other conservation practitioners are under unprecedented pressure to categorize and quantify the vulnerability of natural systems based on assessment of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of species to climate change. Despite the urgent need for these assessments, neither the theoretical basis of adaptive capacity nor the practical issues underlying its quantification has been articulated in a manner that is directly applicable to natural-resource management. Both are critical for researchers, managers, and other conservation practitioners to develop reliable strategies for assessing adaptive capacity. Drawing from principles of classical and contemporary research and examples from terrestrial, marine, plant, and animal systems, we examined broadly the theory behind the concept of adaptive capacity. We then considered how interdisciplinary, trait- and triage-based approaches encompassing the oft-overlooked interactions among components of adaptive capacity can be used to identify species and populations likely to have higher (or lower) adaptive capacity. We identified the challenges and value of such endeavors and argue for a concerted interdisciplinary research approach that combines ecology, ecological genetics, and eco-physiology to reflect the interacting components of adaptive capacity. We aimed to provide a basis for constructive discussion between natural-resource managers and researchers, discussions urgently needed to identify research directions that will deliver answers to real-world questions facing resource managers, other conservation practitioners, and policy makers. Directing research to both seek general patterns and identify ways to facilitate adaptive capacity of key species and populations within species, will enable conservation ecologists and resource managers to maximize returns on research and management investment and arrive at novel and dynamic management and policy decisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12522","usgsCitation":"Nicotra, A., Beever, E., Robertson, A., Hofmann, G., and O’Leary, J., 2015, Assessing the components of adaptive capacity to improve conservation and management efforts under global change: Conservation Biology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1268-1278, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12522.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053172","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92afe4b05d6c4e501a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicotra, Adrienne","contributorId":147686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicotra","given":"Adrienne","affiliations":[{"id":16897,"text":"Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beever, Erik A. 0000-0002-9369-486X ebeever@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-486X","contributorId":147685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beever","given":"Erik A.","email":"ebeever@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Amanda","contributorId":147688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":16899,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Science Applications, Fairbanks, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofmann, Gretchen","contributorId":147687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Gretchen","affiliations":[{"id":16898,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, UC Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Leary, John","contributorId":147689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Leary","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147254,"text":"70147254 - 2015 - Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:41:28","indexId":"70147254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","docAbstract":"

Identification of ecological factors that drive animal distributions allows us to understand why distributions vary temporally and spatially, and to develop models to predict future changes to populations–vital tools for effective wildlife management and conservation. For waterbird broods in the boreal forest, distributions are likely driven by factors affecting quality of nesting and brood-rearing habitats, and the influence of these factors may extend beyond singles species, affecting the entire waterbird community. We used occupancy models to assess factors influencing species richness of waterbird broods on 72 boreal lakes, along with brood distributions of 3 species of conservation concern: lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca), and horned grebe (Podiceps auritus). Factors examined included abundance of invertebrate foods (Amphipoda, Diptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Odonata), physical lake attributes (lake area, emergent vegetation), water chemistry (nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations), and nesting habitats (water edge, non-forest cover). Of the 5 invertebrates, only amphipod density was related to richness and occupancy, consistently having a large and positive relationship. Despite this importance to waterbirds, amphipods were the most patchily distributed invertebrate, with 17% of the study lakes containing 70% of collected amphipods. Lake area was the only other covariate that strongly and positively influenced species richness and occupancy of scaup, scoters, and grebes. All 3 water chemistry covariates, which provided alternative measures of lake productivity, were positively related to species richness but had little effect on scaup, scoter, and grebe occupancy. Conversely, emergent vegetation was negatively related to richness, reflecting avoidance of overgrown lakes by broods. Finally, nesting habitats had no influence on richness and occupancy, indicating that, at a broad spatial scale, brood distributions are largely driven by the presence of quality brood-rearing lakes, not nesting habitats. Our findings are relevant to generating conservation plans or management goals; specifically, boreal lakes with abundant amphipods and surface areas >25 ha are important habitat for waterbird broods and merit conservation, especially given the patchy distribution of amphipods. Moreover, these high quality brood-rearing lakes are much rarer, and thus more constraining, than are quality nesting habitats, which are likely abundant in the boreal.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Lindberg, M., Schmutz, J.A., Bertram, M.R., and Dubour, A.J., 2015, Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 2, p. 296-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053141","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ],\n [\n -146.326904296875,\n 66.3132419108725\n ],\n [\n -144.64599609375,\n 65.96437717203096\n ],\n [\n -143.843994140625,\n 66.45408107252952\n ],\n [\n -145.843505859375,\n 66.77458576472547\n ],\n [\n -148.721923828125,\n 66.46943736242146\n ],\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2d1e4b0a658d793b243","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Lindberg Mark S., Schmutz Joel A., Bertram Mark R., Dubour Adam J.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"2/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertram, Mark R.","contributorId":140463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertram","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubour, Adam J.","contributorId":140464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubour","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147246,"text":"70147246 - 2015 - Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-29T10:49:20","indexId":"70147246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"

We project the effects of transitional changes among 60 vegetation and other land cover types (“ecotypes”) in northwest Alaska over the 21st century on habitats of 162 bird and 39 mammal species known or expected to occur regularly in the region. This analysis, encompassing a broad suite of arctic and boreal wildlife species, entailed building wildlife-habitat matrices denoting levels of use of each ecotype by each species, and projecting habitat changes under historic and expected accelerated future rates of change from increasing mean annual air temperature based on the average of 5 global climate models under the A1B emissions scenario, and from potential influence of a set of 23 biophysical drivers. Under historic rates of change, we project that 52 % of the 201 species will experience an increase in medium- and high-use habitats, 3 % no change, and 45 % a decrease, and that a greater proportion of mammal species (62 %) will experience habitat declines than will bird species (50 %). Outcomes become more dire (more species showing habitat loss) under projections made from effects of biophysical drivers and especially from increasing temperature, although species generally associated with increasing shrub and tree ecotypes will likely increase in distribution. Changes in wildlife habitats likely will also affect trophic cascades, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services; of particular significance are the projected declines in habitats of most small mammals that form the prey base for mesocarnivores and raptors, and habitat declines in 25 of the 50 bird and mammal species used for subsistence hunting and trapping.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10584-015-1354-x","usgsCitation":"Marcot, B.G., Jorgenson, M., Lawler, J.P., Handel, C.M., and DeGange, A.R., 2015, Projected changes in wildlife habitats in Arctic natural areas of northwest Alaska: Climatic Change, v. 130, no. 2, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1354-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051464","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 69.64180371719554\n ],\n [\n -147.54638671875,\n 68.1142934226025\n ],\n [\n -150.380859375,\n 65.82978060097156\n ],\n [\n -146.75537109375,\n 65.68543021881813\n ],\n [\n -153.017578125,\n 62.60345318745799\n ],\n [\n -161.16943359375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -161.1474609375,\n 64.83959712503844\n ],\n [\n -162.8173828125,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -164.970703125,\n 64.42540840023825\n ],\n [\n -166.376953125,\n 64.60503753178526\n ],\n [\n -166.97021484375,\n 65.09064558256851\n ],\n [\n -168.1787109375,\n 65.5766364488888\n ],\n [\n -168.15673828125,\n 65.70351820774201\n ],\n [\n -165.87158203125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 66.59194802140541\n ],\n [\n -163.65234374999997,\n 66.6181218846659\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 66.11606752151663\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 66.09826847519165\n ],\n [\n -161.96044921875,\n 66.4957404570233\n ],\n [\n -162.70751953125,\n 66.8265202749748\n ],\n [\n -162.9052734375,\n 67.01600934917997\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -164.1796875,\n 67.60084926188547\n ],\n [\n -166.04736328125,\n 68.09790669983556\n ],\n [\n -166.97021484375,\n 68.31814602144938\n ],\n [\n -166.2451171875,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -165.03662109375,\n 68.89518688943544\n ],\n [\n -163.5205078125,\n 69.17037257214531\n ],\n [\n -163.16894531249997,\n 69.61120561869633\n ],\n [\n -163.10302734375,\n 69.78654510363337\n ],\n [\n -162.0263671875,\n 70.31133703000764\n ],\n [\n -161.279296875,\n 70.29652611323709\n ],\n [\n -159.697265625,\n 70.82303119876653\n ],\n [\n -158.994140625,\n 70.90226826757711\n ],\n [\n -158.203125,\n 70.83746143540387\n ],\n [\n -156.64306640625,\n 71.38514208411497\n ],\n [\n -154.84130859375,\n 71.15229435506139\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 71.01695975726373\n ],\n [\n -153.8525390625,\n 70.89507794040429\n ],\n [\n -153.1494140625,\n 70.93818084177704\n ],\n [\n -152.138671875,\n 70.84467263425277\n ],\n [\n -152.38037109375,\n 70.64905077016431\n ],\n [\n -150.97412109375,\n 70.46620742226558\n ],\n [\n -149.87548828125,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -149.1943359375,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -146.93115234375,\n 70.19999407534661\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 70.22231091600497\n ],\n [\n -145.78857421875,\n 70.17765306430529\n ],\n [\n -144.90966796874997,\n 70.02058730174062\n ],\n [\n -144.47021484375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -143.67919921874997,\n 70.15528786010351\n ],\n [\n -142.5146484375,\n 70.05059634999756\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 69.64180371719554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2cbe4b0a658d793b227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcot, Bruce G.","contributorId":140456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcot","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":140457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":140458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112151,"text":"sim3297 - 2015 - Geologic map of Tooting crater, Amazonis Planitia region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T18:55:14.165492","indexId":"sim3297","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3297","title":"Geologic map of Tooting crater, Amazonis Planitia region of Mars","docAbstract":"

Tooting crater has a diameter of 27.2 km, and formed on virtually flat lava flows within Amazonis Planitia ~1,300 km west of the summit of Olympus Mons volcano, where there appear to have been no other major topographic features prior to the impact. The crater formed in an area ~185 x 135 km that is at an elevation between −3,870 m and −3,874 m relative to the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Mars datum. This fortuitous situation (for example, a bland, horizontal target) allows the geometry of the crater and the thickness of the ejecta blanket to be accurately determined by subtracting the appropriate elevation of the surrounding landscape (−3,872 m) from the individual MOLA measurements across the crater. Thus, for the first time, it is possible to determine the radial decrease of ejecta thickness as a function of distance away from the rim crest. On the basis of the four discrete ejecta layers surrounding the crater cavity, Tooting crater is classified as a Multiple-Layered Ejecta (MLE) crater. By virtue of the asymmetric distribution of secondary craters and the greater thickness of ejecta to the northeast, Morris and others (2010) proposed that Tooting crater formed by an oblique impact from the southwest. The maximum range of blocks that produced identifiable secondary craters is ~500 km (~36.0 crater radii) from the northeast rim crest. In contrast, secondary craters are only identifiable ~215 km (15.8 radii) to the southeast and 225 km (16.5 radii) to the west.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3297","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Mouginis-Mark, P.J., 2015, Geologic map of Tooting crater, Amazonis Planitia region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3297, Pamphlet: i, 4 p.; Map sheet: 44.61 x 37.35 inches; GIS data; Metadata; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3297.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 4 p.; Map sheet: 44.61 x 37.35 inches; GIS data; Metadata; Readme","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051161","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438704,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UTFDY5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Interactive Map: USGS SIM 3297 Geologic Map of Tooting Crater, Amazonis Planitia Region of Mars"},{"id":299946,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3297.gif"},{"id":299942,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/downloads/sim3297_map_sheet.pdf","text":"Map sheet","size":"134 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map sheet"},{"id":299941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/downloads/sim3297_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Pamphlet"},{"id":299940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/"},{"id":299945,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/sim3297_README.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":299944,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/sim3297_metadata.xml","size":"13 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299943,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3297/downloads/sim3297_GIS.zip","text":"GIS data","size":"100 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIS data","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files for more information."},{"id":414343,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UTFDY5","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of Tooting Crater, Amazonis Planitia Region, Mars, 1:200K. Mouginis-Mark (2015)"}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","otherGeospatial":"Amazonis Planitia Region, Mars","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2c0e4b0a658d793b1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. 0000-0002-7173-6141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-6141","contributorId":36793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160607,"text":"70160607 - 2015 - Parent–offspring resemblance in colony-specific adult survival of cliff swallows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:32:49","indexId":"70160607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1603,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parent–offspring resemblance in colony-specific adult survival of cliff swallows","docAbstract":"

Survival is a key component of fitness. Species that occupy discrete breeding colonies with different characteristics are often exposed to varying costs and benefits associated with group size or environmental conditions, and survival is an integrative net measure of these effects. We investigated the extent to which survival probability of adult (≥1-year old) cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) occupying different colonies resembled that of their parental cohort and thus whether the natal colony had long-term effects on individuals. Individuals were cross-fostered between colonies soon after hatching and their presence as breeders monitored at colonies in the western Nebraska study area for the subsequent decade. Colony-specific adult survival probabilities of offspring born and reared in the same colony, and those cross-fostered away from their natal colony soon after birth, were positively and significantly related to subsequent adult survival of the parental cohort from the natal colony. This result held when controlling for the effect of natal colony size and the age composition of the parental cohort. In contrast, colony-specific adult survival of offspring cross-fostered to a site was unrelated to that of their foster parent cohort or to the cohort of non-fostered offspring with whom they were reared. Adult survival at a colony varied inversely with fecundity, as measured by mean brood size, providing evidence for a survival–fecundity trade-off in this species. The results suggest some heritable variation in adult survival, likely maintained by negative correlations between fitness components. The study provides additional evidence that colonies represent non-random collections of individuals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10682-015-9764-9","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.R., Roche, E.A., and Brown, M.B., 2015, Parent–offspring resemblance in colony-specific adult survival of cliff swallows: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 537-550, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-015-9764-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"550","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064548","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -102.5244140625,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -102.5244140625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 41.07935114946899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567bd3bee4b0a04ef491a20d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Charles R.","contributorId":150842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18118,"text":"Dept of Biol Sc, University of Tulsa, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Mary Bomberger","contributorId":150841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Bomberger","affiliations":[{"id":18117,"text":"School of Natl Res, Univ of NE, Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148393,"text":"70148393 - 2015 - Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long-term and cyclic oceanographic trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T18:40:17.746941","indexId":"70148393","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long-term and cyclic oceanographic trends","docAbstract":"

We assess temporal variations in waves and sea level, which are driving factors for beach erosion and coastal flooding in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We find that long-term trends in the relevant variables have caused an increase of ~30% in the erosion/flooding risk since the 1980s. Changes in the wave climate—which have often been ignored in earlier assessments—were at least as important as sea level rise (SLR). In the next decades, SLR will likely become the dominating driver and may in combination with ongoing changes in the wave climate (and depending on the emission scenario) escalate the erosion/flooding risk by up to 300% over the next 30 years. We also find significant changes in the seasonal cycles of sea level and significant wave height, which have in combination caused a considerable increase of the erosion/flooding risk in summer and decrease in winter relative to long-term trends.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063876","usgsCitation":"Wahl, T., and Plant, N.G., 2015, Changes in erosion and flooding risk due to long-term and cyclic oceanographic trends: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 8, p. 2943-2950, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063876.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2943","endPage":"2950","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064781","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Dauphin Island, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.11489402685262,\n 30.230178711359727\n ],\n [\n -88.1005483491912,\n 30.240644878550015\n ],\n [\n -88.0812613825572,\n 30.24560214774111\n ],\n [\n -88.07584190432951,\n 30.245326750457366\n ],\n [\n -88.07376975088998,\n 30.247942993488365\n ],\n [\n -88.07504492223728,\n 30.25110993132219\n ],\n [\n -88.08747784287708,\n 30.261023163652723\n ],\n [\n -88.12445781196062,\n 30.28359956838368\n ],\n [\n -88.12573298330855,\n 30.28125957255064\n ],\n [\n -88.11760376596644,\n 30.26597940460529\n ],\n [\n -88.11871954089581,\n 30.25964638566002\n ],\n [\n -88.12126988359108,\n 30.258269588366076\n ],\n [\n -88.1317900472099,\n 30.264878039345902\n ],\n [\n -88.14087564306219,\n 30.25730581877626\n ],\n [\n -88.15139580668043,\n 30.25427676706998\n ],\n [\n -88.16000321327762,\n 30.25441445326446\n ],\n [\n -88.16239415955431,\n 30.254827510691513\n ],\n [\n -88.16590088076038,\n 30.25386370732697\n ],\n [\n -88.17546466586842,\n 30.25331295830165\n ],\n [\n -88.18184052260688,\n 30.253037582630824\n ],\n [\n -88.18470965813928,\n 30.25193607222907\n ],\n [\n -88.18917275785617,\n 30.252349140076973\n ],\n [\n -88.19347646115445,\n 30.251385312396067\n ],\n [\n -88.2014462820774,\n 30.252349140076973\n ],\n [\n -88.20750334597936,\n 30.249733014372126\n ],\n [\n -88.20543119253917,\n 30.247254515234033\n ],\n [\n -88.19459223608384,\n 30.247942993488365\n ],\n [\n -88.19124491129632,\n 30.24697912258131\n ],\n [\n -88.15569950997934,\n 30.24918224218908\n ],\n [\n -88.14262900366523,\n 30.24918224218908\n ],\n [\n -88.13657193976391,\n 30.24835607812517\n ],\n [\n -88.12780513674811,\n 30.246152939992626\n ],\n [\n -88.12637056898224,\n 30.241746515536065\n ],\n [\n -88.12509539763428,\n 30.240231761496545\n ],\n [\n -88.12509539763428,\n 30.238028441220024\n ],\n [\n -88.12079169433596,\n 30.233483937168543\n ],\n [\n -88.11489402685262,\n 30.230178711359727\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556d823be4b0d9246a9f998a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2015gl063876","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063876","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Wahl Thomas, Plant Nathaniel G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"4/28/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Thomas","contributorId":141017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13653,"text":"University South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147153,"text":"sir20155020 - 2015 - Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T10:40:57","indexId":"sir20155020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5020","title":"Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013","docAbstract":"

On the basis of their recent review of the human health effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in public drinking water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is considering the need for Federal regulation of Cr(VI). Presently, only total chromium is regulated, at a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 100 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The occurrence of Cr(VI) in groundwater and surface waters generally is attributed to industrial sources, but can be of natural origin. California’s recently established MCL for Cr(VI) of 10 µg/L illustrates the drinking-water concerns associated with Cr(VI). To improve understanding of the possible impact of a Cr(VI)-specific standard that approximates the California level on the management of Illinois’ public drinking water, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, assessed the occurrence and distribution of Cr(VI) in the State’s public-water supplies.

\n

During 2013, untreated water samples were collected to be analyzed for Cr(VI) and total chromium [Cr(T)] at 119 water-supply wells and 32 surface-water intakes; also, 32 treated surface-water samples were collected near the point of treatment and 32 near the furthest point of distribution. Public-supply sample sites were selected by a stratified random method. Samples typically were analyzed within 24 hours of collection at reporting limits of 0.02 µg/L for Cr(VI) and 0.1 µg/L for Cr(T). The occurrence of Cr(VI) was compared with selected geophysical, physical, and sampling factors that might more fully explain its distribution and magnitude of concentrations.

\n

The maximum concentration of Cr(VI) in groundwater was 2.1 µg/L. Maximum concentrations in untreated and treated surface water were 0.29 µg/L and 2.4 µg/L, respectively. All sample concentrations were below the California MCL; only 35 percent were below that State’s non-enforceable public health goal of 0.02 of µg/L. Cr(VI) was undetected in 43 percent of untreated groundwater samples, with a median of 0.06 µg/L when detected. All but two (94 percent) of untreated surface-water samples had detections. In untreated surface water, the median concentration was 0.09 µg/L, whereas in treated (tap and distributed) water the median was 0.20 µg/L. Surface waters treated with lime for softening typically had the greatest Cr(VI) concentrations (maximum, 2.4 µg/L; median, 1.2 µg/L).

\n

The maximum concentration of Cr(T) in groundwater was 1.8 µg/L. Maximum concentrations in untreated and treated surface water were 1.8 µg/L and 2.5 µg/L, respectively. All sample concentrations were below the Federal MCL. Total chromium was detected in 65 percent of untreated groundwater samples, with a median of 0.40 µg/L, when detected. All but one (97 percent) of untreated surface-water samples had detections. In untreated surface water, the median concentration was 0.40 µg/L, whereas in treated (tap and distributed) water the median was 0.30 µg/L. As with Cr(VI), surface waters treated with lime typically had the greatest Cr(T) concentrations.

\n

Examination of factors that might account for or be associated with the occurrence of Cr(VI) in public-supply source waters found few clearly evident factors. Associations in frequencies of occurrence and range of concentrations indicate that surface waters and groundwaters of shallow, unconsolidated, unconfined aquifers, particularly alluvial aquifers, are possibly most commonly affected by anthropogenic sources of Cr(VI). Groundwaters of deep (greater than 500 feet) bedrock aquifers, particularly the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, are possibly most commonly affected by geologic sources of Cr(VI). Additional study, with supporting geologic and geochemical data that were not collected in this study, would be necessary to verify these associations.

\n

There was a weak positive relation (ρ = 0.23) between concentrations of Cr(VI) and Cr(T) in untreated water samples, with a much stronger positive relation (ρ = 0.86 and ρ = 0.90, respectively) in samples collected soon after treatment and near the endpoint of distribution. The stronger relation and greater similarity between Cr(VI) and Cr(T) concentrations in treated water samples indicate that Cr(VI) represents a greater proportion of the measured concentrations of Cr(T) in treated waters than in untreated waters. The analysis of spikes and other quality-assurance samples indicate uncertainties associated with obtaining or confirming consistently accurate analytical results for Cr(VI) at near the applied reporting limit of 0.02 µg/L.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Cobb, R.P., 2015, Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5020, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155020.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-046297","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science 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laterite deposits in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:24:24","indexId":"ofr20141210","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1210","title":"Assessment of bauxite, clay, and laterite deposits in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"

Bauxite-bearing rocks are present in several regions of Afghanistan; specifically, the southeast segment of the North Afghanistan Platform, the eastern parts of South Afghanistan, and within the Afghanistan-North and -South Pamir Fold Regions. Bauxite-bearing rocks occur at various stratigraphic levels, in lithologically different sequences of sedimentary rocks. The bauxites are paleosols and represent previous, rather than recent, weathering events. Bauxites and bauxite-type horizons are most common at the base of carbonate rock units, where they form the basal horizons of sedimentary rock sequences separated by erosion and stratigraphic unconformity surfaces. Less common are zones in redeposited weathering developed on igneous rocks. At present there are five known stratigraphic intervals with significant bauxite and bauxite-type deposits and occurrences: the lower Permian, the upper Permian, the Upper Triassic, the Lower Jurassic, and the base of the Upper Jurassic.

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This report summarizes a compilation and review of geological data for regions in Afghanistan that contain bauxite deposits and occurrences based on work conducted during 2009 to 2011 by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, and the Afghanistan Geological Survey.

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Permian strata contain bauxites and bauxite-like rocks that are recognizable at various stratigraphic intervals within several areas of southern Afghanistan and in the Central Afghan Massif in central Afghanistan. The main zones of known bauxite occurrences are the Haftqala bauxite zone (late Permian and Late Triassic), Shewa bauxite zone (early Permian), Qarghanaw bauxite zone (late Permian and Late Triassic), Arghandab block in Zabul Province (middle through late Permian), Arghandab block in Ghazni Province (early Permian), Surkhob bauxite zone (Early Jurassic), and Tirin block in Uruzgan, Zabul, and Kandahar Provinces (Late Jurassic).

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Although some bauxite occurrences were sampled in the course of reconnaissance exploration by Soviet workers in the 1960s and 1970s, the bauxite areas in Afghanistan generally are underexplored. The Obatu Sheila area is a known field of bauxite deposits of Late Jurassic age that had been studied in more detail than other known bauxite deposits and occurrences in Afghanistan. Obatu Sheila has an estimated reserve of 7.2 million tons.

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bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144888,"text":"ds930 - 2015 - Post-Nor'Ida coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Ocean City, Maryland, to Hatteras, North Carolina, December 4, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T10:15:09","indexId":"ds930","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"930","title":"Post-Nor'Ida coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Ocean City, Maryland, to Hatteras, North Carolina, December 4, 2009","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts baseline and storm response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. The remnants of Tropical Storm Ida intensified to become a nor'easter (herein referred to as Nor'Ida). On December 4, 2009, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Ocean City, Maryland, to Hatteras, North Carolina, aboard a U.S. Coast Guard HH60 helicopter at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore. This mission was flown to collect post-Nor'Ida data for assessing incremental changes since the last surveys, flown in 2008 and 2009, and the data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.

\n

The images provided in this report are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. Exiftool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images. These photographs document the configuration of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey.

\n

Table 1 provides detailed information about the GPS location, name, date, and time each of the 2,381 photographs was taken along with links to each photograph. The photography is organized into segments, also referred to as contact sheets. Each segment represents approximately 5 minutes of flight time.

\n

In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML files were created using the photographic navigation files.

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Monthly water yields from 105,829 catchments and corresponding flows in 107,691 stream segments were estimated for water years 1951–2012 in the Great Lakes Basin in the United States. Both sets of estimates were computed by using the Analysis of Flows In Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) application within the NHDPlus geospatial data framework. AFINCH provides an environment to develop constrained regression models to integrate monthly streamflow and water-use data with monthly climatic data and fixed basin characteristics data available within NHDPlus or supplied by the user. For this study, the U.S. Great Lakes Basin was partitioned into seven study areas by grouping selected hydrologic subregions and adjoining cataloguing units. This report documents the regression models and data used to estimate monthly water yields and flows in each study area. Estimates of monthly water yields and flows are presented in a Web-based mapper application. Monthly flow time series for individual stream segments can be retrieved from the Web application and used to approximate monthly flow-duration characteristics and to identify possible trends.

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hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Lori M. 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Upriver movements were determined for Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon River, a large, virtually pristine river basin. These returns have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and information is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio tagged during 2002–2004. Most (97.5%) of the fish tracked upriver to spawning areas displayed continual upriver movements and strong fidelity to the terminal tributaries entered. Movement rates were substantially slower for fish spawning in lower river tributaries (28–40 km d-1) compared to upper basin stocks (52–62 km d-1). Three distinct migratory patterns were observed, including a gradual decline, pronounced decline, and substantial increase in movement rate as the fish moved upriver. Stocks destined for the same region exhibited similar migratory patterns. Individual fish within a stock showed substantial variation, but tended to reflect the regional pattern. Differences between consistently faster and slower fish explained 74% of the within-stock variation, whereas relative shifts in sequential movement rates between “hares” (faster fish becoming slower) and “tortoises” (slow but steady fish) explained 22% of the variation. Pulses of fish moving upriver were not cohesive. Fish tagged over a 4-day period took 16 days to pass a site 872 km upriver. Movement rates were substantially faster and the percentage of atypical movements considerably less than reported in more southerly drainages, but may reflect the pristine conditions within the Yukon River, wild origins of the fish, and discrete run timing of the returns. Movement data can provide numerous insights into the status and management of salmon returns, particularly in large river drainages with widely scattered fisheries where management actions in the lower river potentially impact harvests and escapement farther upstream. However, the substantial variation exhibited among individual fish within a stock can complicate these efforts.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","usgsCitation":"Eiler, J.H., Evans, A., and Schreck, C.B., 2015, Migratory Patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Returning to a Large, Free-flowing River Basin: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057144","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 62.12443624549497\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.31986144668052\n ],\n [\n -157.1923828125,\n 67.97463396204759\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 69.67235784229395\n ],\n [\n -143.8330078125,\n 69.59589006237648\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -137.724609375,\n 66.42553717157787\n ],\n [\n -127.79296875,\n 65.56754970214311\n ],\n [\n -126.826171875,\n 65.5129625532949\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 61.01572481397616\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -131.396484375,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -134.912109375,\n 60.4788788301667\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -146.2939453125,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -161.89453125,\n 59.84481485969105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb7e4b07657d19ba785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eiler, John H.","contributorId":146952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eiler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Allison N.","contributorId":64088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Allison N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173411,"text":"70173411 - 2015 - Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:35:55","indexId":"70173411","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

Following establishment of Myxobolus cerebralis (the parasite responsible for salmonid whirling disease) in Colorado, populations of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykissexperienced significant declines, whereas Brown Trout Salmo trutta densities increased in many locations across the state, potentially influencing the success of M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout reintroductions. We examined the effects of Brown Trout removal on the short-term (3-month) survival and movement of two crosses of reintroduced, M. cerebralis-resistant Rainbow Trout in the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado. Radio frequency identification passive integrated transponder tags and antennas were used to track movements of wild Brown Trout and stocked Rainbow Trout in reaches where Brown Trout had or had not been removed. Multistate mark–recapture models were used to estimate tagged fish apparent survival and movement in these sections 3 months following Brown Trout removal. A cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Colorado River Rainbow Trout strains exhibited similar survival and movement probabilities in the reaches, suggesting that the presence of Brown Trout did not affect its survival or movement. However, a cross between the German Rainbow Trout and Harrison Lake Rainbow Trout exhibited less movement from the reach in which Brown Trout had been removed. Despite this, the overall short-term benefits of the removal were equivocal, suggesting that Brown Trout removal may not be beneficial for the reintroduction of Rainbow Trout. Additionally, the logistical constraints of conducting removals in large river systems are substantial and may not be a viable management option in many rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1007166","usgsCitation":"Fetherman, E.R., Winkelman, D.L., Bailey, L., Schisler, G.J., and Davies, K., 2015, Brown Trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis-resistant rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 610-626, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1007166.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"626","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060281","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.73293685913086,\n 40.472154983547576\n ],\n [\n -105.7437515258789,\n 40.4713714599763\n ],\n [\n -105.75542449951172,\n 40.46810668002513\n ],\n [\n -105.765380859375,\n 40.456613392013615\n ],\n [\n -105.78752517700195,\n 40.444726219263586\n ],\n [\n -105.80160140991211,\n 40.43453554052651\n ],\n [\n -105.80743789672852,\n 40.42486603279224\n ],\n [\n -105.8056354522705,\n 40.424277977344246\n ],\n [\n -105.79876899719238,\n 40.430746304509185\n ],\n [\n -105.78349113464355,\n 40.44152546734412\n ],\n [\n -105.75525283813477,\n 40.4611195176856\n ],\n [\n -105.74435234069824,\n 40.46797608552582\n ],\n [\n -105.73473930358887,\n 40.46889024168825\n ],\n [\n -105.73233604431151,\n 40.4713714599763\n ],\n [\n -105.73293685913086,\n 40.472154983547576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb0e4b07657d19ba756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fetherman, Eric R.","contributorId":15096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fetherman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schisler, George J.","contributorId":32432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schisler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, K.","contributorId":172056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davies","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143357,"text":"sir20155044 - 2015 - Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:45:09","indexId":"sir20155044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5044","title":"Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","docAbstract":"

A study to assess the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas, as a viable source of public-supply water was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Little Rock, District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An important study component was to identify possible changes in hydrologic conditions following installation of James W. Trimble Lock and Dam 13 (December 1969) on the Arkansas River near the study area. Data were gathered for the study in regard to the lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the aquifer. Lithologic information was obtained from drillers’ logs of wells drilled from 1957 through 1959. Water-quality samples were collected from 10 irrigation wells and analyzed for inorganic constituents and pesticides. To evaluate the potential viability of the alluvial aquifer in the Van Buren area, these data were compared to similar stratigraphic, lithologic, and groundwater-quality data from the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer at Dardanelle, Ark., where the aquifer provides a proven, productive, sole-source of public-supply water.

\n

Drillers’ logs for 59 wells in the Van Buren study area revealed well depths ranging from 25 to 52 feet (ft), with a mean depth of 42 ft. The thickness of the lower sand/gravel interval serving as the water-producing zone ranged from 5 to 47 ft, with a mean thickness of 29 ft. The presence of gravel was noted in only 4 of 59 well logs available for review from the study area.

\n

Percent sand was calculated from well logs in the study area, and these sand percentages were overlain onto an orthophotograph map to examine the areal distribution of sand percentage in relation to geomorphologic features of the flood plain in the study area. The logs denoting the greatest percent sand tend to occur in areas near to the river and on the concave (point bar) side of abandoned channels, while the lower percent sand tends to occur on the convex (channel fill and backswamp deposits) side of the abandoned channels.

\n

Comparison of hydrographs from water levels collected between 1957 and 1972 to cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation showed overall good fit and explained the long-term decreasing water levels from the earliest period of record through October 1967, followed by a sharp rise in water levels concurrent with rises in cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation. Hydrographs for four wells ranging from 0.8 to 4.5 miles upstream from the dam and potentially affected by rising river stage were compared to graphs of river stage and cumulative departure from mean monthly precipitation. Water levels for these wells showed minimal discernible effect by rising river stage following dam completion. Periods of increased precipitation compared closely to increases in water level for all hydrographs, regardless of river stage, and periods of no precipitation resulted in declining water levels, although river stage continued to slowly rise during these same periods.

\n

The Arkansas River has greater salinity than local groundwater, providing a quantitative tracer for any groundwater recharge originating from the river. Comparison of predam and postdam groundwater-chloride concentrations showed no increase in chloride concentrations after dam installation, which is consistent with hydrologic data. These data suggest that the dominant source of groundwater recharge in the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer is infiltration of precipitation through proximal, coarse channel deposits, with minimal influx of river water.

\n

Groundwater-quality data collected from 10 wells in the study area indicated a calcium-bicarbonate water type. No primary drinking-water standards were exceeded for any constituents, and iron and manganese were the only constituents exceeding secondary drinking-water regulations. Six of the 10 well-water samples were analyzed for the presence of pesticides, as row-crop agriculture is the dominant land use in the study area. Six herbicide compounds and one herbicide metabolite were detected at concentrations substantially below those of the Federal primary drinking-water standards and health advisories.

\n

The hydrologic and geochemical data gathered for this study provide a qualitative assessment of the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer as a source of public water supply in the Van Buren area. Results indicate minimal influx of water from the Arkansas River, and recharge to the aquifer appears to be dominantly by infiltration of precipitation through overlying alluvium. If vertical wells are used as a source of public water supply, then several wells will have to be used in combination at relatively low pumping rates and placed in areas with a greater percent sand. Use of a horizontal well configuration near the river to increase production may depend on infiltration of river water to supplement water removed from storage, especially where areas of lower permeability sediments might be encountered within the surrounding alluvium. If a poor hydraulic connection exists between the river and the alluvium, as indicated by this study, then production will depend on ample precipitation and recharge throughout the year and groundwater storage sufficient to prevent declining water levels where pumping rates exceed recharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Rock District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock, Arkansas","usgsCitation":"Kresse, T.M., Westerman, D.A., and Hart, R.M., 2015, Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5044, Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155044.","productDescription":"Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix","startPage":"26","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054910","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science 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,{"id":70142753,"text":"fs20153021 - 2015 - Antimony: a flame fighter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T09:14:12","indexId":"fs20153021","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3021","title":"Antimony: a flame fighter","docAbstract":"

Antimony is a brittle, silvery-white semimetal that conducts heat poorly. The chemical compound antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) is widely used in plastics, rubbers, paints, and textiles, including industrial safety suits and some children’s clothing, to make them resistant to the spread of flames. Also, sodium antimonate (NaSbO3) is used during manufacturing of high-quality glass, which is found in cellular phones.

\n

Humans have known about stibnite (Sb2S3), a lead gray antimony sulfide mineral, since ancient times. Egyptians used powdered stibnite in black eye makeup to create their signature look. Pedanius Dioscorides, a 1st century A.D. Greek physician, recommended stibnite for skin ailments. French and German doctors in the 17th century prescribed antimony-containing mixtures to induce vomiting. Antimony was later recognized to be an intense skin irritant and a lethal toxin, particularly when swallowed.

\n

In the 11th century, the word antimonium was used by medieval scholar Constantinus Africanus, but antimony metal was not isolated until the 16th century by Vannoccio Biringuccio, an Italian metallurgist. In the early 18th century, chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius chose the periodic symbol for antimony (Sb) based on stibium, which is the Latin name for stibnite.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153021","usgsCitation":"Wintzer, N.E., and Guberman, D.E., 2015, Antimony: a flame fighter: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3021, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153021.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057566","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153021.jpg"},{"id":299882,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3021/"},{"id":299885,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3021/pdf/fs2015-3021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f4fa3e4b0a658d7938cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintzer, Niki E. 0000-0003-3085-435X nwintzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-435X","contributorId":5297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintzer","given":"Niki","email":"nwintzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guberman, David E. dguberman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guberman","given":"David","email":"dguberman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70146975,"text":"70146975 - 2015 - Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T13:12:20","indexId":"70146975","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout","docAbstract":"

Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis exhibit exceptional levels of life history variation, remarkable genetic variability, and fine-scale population structure. In many cases, neighboring populations may be highly differentiated from one another to an extent that is comparable with species-level distinctions in other taxa. Although genetic samples have been collected from hundreds of populations and tens of thousands of individuals, little is known about whether differentiation at neutral markers reflects phenotypic differences among Brook Trout populations. We compared differentiation in morphology and neutral molecular markers among populations from four geographically proximate locations (all within 24 km) to examine how genetic diversity covaries with morphology. We found significant differences among and/or within streams for all three morphological axes examined and identified the source stream of many individuals based on morphology (52.3% classification efficiency). Although molecular and morphological differentiation among streams ranged considerably (mean pairwise FST: 0.023–0.264; pairwise PST: 0.000–0.339), the two measures were not significantly correlated. While in some cases morphological characters appear to have diverged to a greater extent than expected by neutral genetic drift, many traits were conserved to a greater extent than were neutral genetic markers. Thus, while Brook Trout exhibit fine-scale spatial patterns in both morphology and neutral genetic diversity, these types of biological variabilities are being structured by different ecological and evolutionary processes. The relative influences of genetic drift versus selection and phenotypic plasticity in shaping morphology appear to vary among populations occupying nearby streams.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1012300","usgsCitation":"Kazyak, D.C., Hilderbrand, R.H., Keller, S.R., Colaw, M.C., Holloway, A.E., Morgan, R.P., and King, T.L., 2015, Spatial structure of morphological and neutral genetic variation in Brook Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 480-490, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1012300.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055594","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Garrett County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 39.72303232864369\n ],\n [\n -79.47647094726562,\n 39.720919782725545\n ],\n [\n -79.48745727539061,\n 39.20352640482464\n ],\n [\n -79.47097778320312,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -79.44900512695312,\n 39.20565471434283\n ],\n [\n -79.420166015625,\n 39.222678868789686\n ],\n [\n -79.41192626953125,\n 39.24182610848299\n ],\n [\n -79.36935424804688,\n 39.27372656321117\n ],\n [\n -79.33914184570311,\n 39.28860847419942\n ],\n [\n -79.31304931640625,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -79.28695678710938,\n 39.297111003754964\n ],\n [\n -79.26773071289062,\n 39.32367475355144\n ],\n [\n -79.24850463867188,\n 39.34491849236129\n ],\n [\n -79.22241210937499,\n 39.358723461000494\n ],\n [\n -79.19631958007812,\n 39.37358729988046\n ],\n [\n -79.14276123046875,\n 39.403305486149264\n ],\n [\n -79.1180419921875,\n 39.42240335069796\n ],\n [\n -79.10430908203125,\n 39.444677580473424\n ],\n [\n -79.08782958984375,\n 39.46800484919317\n ],\n [\n -79.05624389648438,\n 39.47224533091451\n ],\n [\n -78.9532470703125,\n 39.72303232864369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553b5b1de4b0a658d793717a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":140409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilderbrand, Robert H.","contributorId":140410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Stephen R.","contributorId":140411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13480,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colaw, Mark C.","contributorId":140412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colaw","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13481,"text":"Department of Biology, Frostburg State University, 101 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloway, Amanda E.","contributorId":140413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holloway","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13482,"text":"Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, Raymond P. 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2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70147374,"text":"70147374 - 2015 - Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics","indexId":"70147374","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"3","title":"Population dynamics of sea ducks: using models to understand the causes, consequences, evolution, and management of variation in life history characteristics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":70147436,"text":"70147436 - 2015 - Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)","indexId":"70147436","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics of North American sea ducks (tribe: Mergini)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":7}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-24T09:19:36","indexId":"70146989","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","docAbstract":"

The past decade has seen a huge increase in the interest and attention directed toward sea ducks, the Mergini tribe. This has been inspired, in large part, by the conservation concerns associated with numerical declines in several sea duck species and populations, as well as a growing appreciation for their interesting ecological attributes. Reflecting the considerable research recently conducted on this tribe, Ecology and Conservation of North American Sea Ducks examines the 15 extant species of sea ducks from North America.

\n

Chapters are organized conceptually to focus on, compare, and contrast the ecological attributes of the tribe. Experts provide in-depth treatments of a range of topics, including:

\n\n

The book presents a comprehensive synthesis of sea duck ecology, documents factors that have caused population declines of some species, and provides managers with measures to enhance recovery of depressed populations of sea ducks in North America. Capturing the current state of knowledge of this unique tribe, it provides a benchmark for where we are in conservation efforts and suggests future directions for researchers, managers, students, conservationists, and avian enthusiasts.

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]\n}","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553b5b1de4b0a658d7937178","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Savard, Jean-Pierre L.","contributorId":101776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savard","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545546,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545547,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545548,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545549,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147570,"text":"70147570 - 2015 - Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:11:06","indexId":"70147570","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","docAbstract":"

Forest soil respiration is a major carbon (C) flux that is characterized by significant variability in space and time. We quantified growing season soil respiration during both a drought year and a nondrought year across a complex landscape to identify how landscape and climate interact to control soil respiration. We asked the following questions: (1) How does soil respiration vary across the catchments due to terrain-induced variability in moisture availability and temperature? (2) Does the relative importance of moisture versus temperature limitation of respiration vary across space and time? And (3) what terrain elements are important for dictating the pattern of soil respiration and its controls? Moisture superseded temperature in explaining watershed respiration patterns, with wetter yet cooler areas higher up and on north facing slopes yielding greater soil respiration than lower and south facing areas. Wetter subalpine forests had reduced moisture limitation in favor of greater seasonal temperature limitation, and the reverse was true for low-elevation semiarid forests. Coincident climate poorly predicted soil respiration in the montane transition zone; however, antecedent precipitation from the prior 10 days provided additional explanatory power. A seasonal trend in respiration remained after accounting for microclimate effects, suggesting that local climate alone may not adequately predict seasonal variability in soil respiration in montane forests. Soil respiration climate controls were more strongly related to topography during the drought year highlighting the importance of landscape complexity in ecosystem response to drought.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002802","usgsCitation":"Berryman, E.M., Barnard, H., Adams, H., Burns, M., Gallo, E., and Brooks, P.D., 2015, Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 4, p. 707-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002802.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"723","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059602","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b5e4b064e4207ca435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryman, Erin Michele 0000-0001-8699-2474 eberryman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2474","contributorId":5765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryman","given":"Erin","email":"eberryman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michele","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, H.R.","contributorId":140553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnard","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, H.R.","contributorId":140554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, M.A.","contributorId":140555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallo, E.","contributorId":140556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallo","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146900,"text":"70146900 - 2015 - TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T10:53:38","indexId":"70146900","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":959,"text":"BMC Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease","docAbstract":"
\n

Background

\n

Fungal skin infections associated with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a member of the Chrysosporiumanamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) complex, have been linked to an increasing number of cases of snake fungal disease (SFD) in captive snakes around the world and in wild snake populations in eastern North America. The emergence of SFD in both captive and wild situations has led to an increased need for tools to better diagnose and study the disease.

\n

Results

\n

We developed two TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to rapidly detect O. ophiodiicola in clinical samples. One assay targets the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the fungal genome while the other targets the more variable intergenic spacer region (IGS). The PCR assays were qualified using skin samples collected from 50 snakes for which O. ophiodiicolahad been previously detected by culture, 20 snakes with gross skin lesions suggestive of SFD but which were culture-negative for O. ophiodiicola, and 16 snakes with no clinical signs of infection. Both assays performed equivalently and proved to be more sensitive than traditional culture methods, detecting O. ophiodiicola in 98% of the culture-positive samples and in 40% of the culture-negative snakes that had clinical signs of SFD. In addition, the assays did not cross-react with a panel of 28 fungal species that are closely related to O. ophiodiicola or that commonly occur on the skin of snakes. The assays did, however, indicate that some asymptomatic snakes (~6%) may harbor low levels of the fungus, and that PCR should be paired with histology when a definitive diagnosis is required.

\n

Conclusions

\n

These assays represent the first published methods to detect O. ophiodiicola by real-time PCR. The ITS assay has great utility for assisting with SFD diagnoses whereas the IGS assay offers a valuable tool for research-based applications.

\n
\n
Keywords: 
\n

Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV); Emerging disease; Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola ; Real-time PCR; Snake fungal disease

","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8","usgsCitation":"Bohuski, E.A., Lorch, J.M., Griffin, K.M., and Blehert, D.S., 2015, TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease: BMC Veterinary Research, v. 11, no. 95, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059616","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0407-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"95","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09d3e4b0c1efddaed147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohuski, Elizabeth A. 0000-0001-8061-2151 ebohuski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-2151","contributorId":5890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohuski","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ebohuski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252 jlorch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":5565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlorch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Kathryn M. 0000-0003-1809-0019 kgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-0019","contributorId":5473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Kathryn","email":"kgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146899,"text":"70146899 - 2015 - Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:32:00","indexId":"70146899","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","docAbstract":"

During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator; 2013). In 2011, peak detection of carcasses occurred in August and consisted primarily of summer residents such as gulls (Larus spp.) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). A subset of fresh carcasses was collected throughout each year of the study and tested for botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). Sixty-one percent of carcasses (57/94) and 10 of 11 species collected throughout the sampling season tested positive for BoNT/E, suggesting avian botulism type E was a major cause of death for both resident and migratory birds in Lake Michigan. The variety of avian species affected by botulism type E throughout the summer and fall during all 4 years of coordinated surveillance also suggests multiple routes for bird exposure to BoNT/E in Lake Michigan.

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LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Susan K.","contributorId":140393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strom, Sean M.","contributorId":140394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strom","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13475,"text":"Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146893,"text":"70146893 - 2015 - Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T15:37:45","indexId":"70146893","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1493,"text":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses","docAbstract":"

The movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus across Eurasia and into North America and the virus’ propensity to reassort with co-circulating low pathogenicity viruses raise concerns among poultry producers, wildlife biologists, aviculturists, and public health personnel worldwide. Surveillance, modeling, and experimental research will provide the knowledge required for intelligent policy and management decisions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi":"10.3201/eid2107.150403","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Dusek, R., and Spackman, E., 2015, Rapidly expanding range of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses: Emerging Infectious Diseases, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1251-1252, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.150403.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064628","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.150403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09cce4b0c1efddaed141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":140066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spackman, Erica","contributorId":82126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spackman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","indexId":"70146896","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T13:10:49","indexId":"70146896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"

Exposure to lead and petroleum has caused deaths of sea ducks, but relatively few contaminants have been shown to cause mortality or be associated with population level effects. This chapter focuses primarily on field reports of contaminant concentrations in tissues of sea ducks in North America and Europe and results of some pertinent experimental studies. Much of the available interpretive data for contaminants in waterfowl come from studies of freshwater species. Limits of available data present a challenge for managers interested in sea ducks because field reports  have shown that marine birds may carry greater burdens of some pollutants than freshwater species, particularly metals. It is important, then, to distinguish poisoning due to a particular contaminant as a cause of death in sea ducks versus simple exposure based solely on tissue residues. A comprehensive approach that incorporates information on field circumstances, any observed clinical signs and lesions, and tissues residues is recommended when evaluating contaminant concentrations in sea ducks.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"9781482248975","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., 2015, Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6, chap. 6 of Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks; Studies in Avian Biology v. 46, p. 169-240.","productDescription":"72 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"240","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Ecology-and-Conservation-of-North-American-Sea-Ducks/Savard-Derksen-Esler-Eadie/p/book/9781482248975"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09b1e4b0c1efddaed131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146868,"text":"70146868 - 2015 - Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T15:08:51","indexId":"70146868","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides","docAbstract":"

The hermaphroditic flat-spired three-tooth land snail (Triodopsis platysayoides) is endemic to a 21-km stretch of the Cheat River Gorge of northeastern West Virginia, USA. We document isolation and characterization of ten microsatellite DNA markers in this at-risk species. The markers displayed a moderate level of allelic diversity (averaging 7.1 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 58.6 %). Allelic diversity at seven loci was sufficient to produce unique multilocus genotypes; no indication of selfing was detected in this cosexual species. Minimal deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed within subpopulations. All loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations when individuals from subpopulations were pooled. Microsatellite markers developed for T. platysayoides yielded sufficient genetic diversity to (1) distinguish all individuals sampled and the level of selfing; (2) be appropriate for addressing fine-scale population structuring; (3) provide novel demographic insights for the species; and (4) cross-amplify and detect allelic diversity in the congeneric T. juxtidens.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-015-0456-0","usgsCitation":"King, T.L., Eackles, M.S., Garner, B.A., van Tuinen, M., and Arbogast, B.S., 2015, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in the threatened flat-spired three-toothed land snail Triodopsis platysayoides: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 7, no. 3, p. 767-769, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-015-0456-0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"769","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063973","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09c2e4b0c1efddaed13b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eackles, Michael S. meackles@usgs.gov","contributorId":4371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"Michael","email":"meackles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, B. A.","contributorId":140387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Tuinen, M.","contributorId":140388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Tuinen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arbogast, B. S.","contributorId":140389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arbogast","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146810,"text":"70146810 - 2015 - Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:03:03","indexId":"70146810","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Quantification of aboveground biomass (AGB) in Alaska’s boreal forest is essential to the accurate evaluation of terrestrial carbon stocks and dynamics in northern high-latitude ecosystems. Our goal was to map AGB at 30 m resolution for the boreal forest in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska using Landsat data and ground measurements. We acquired Landsat images to generate a 3-year (2008–2010) composite of top-of-atmosphere reflectance for six bands as well as the brightness temperature (BT). We constructed a multiple regression model using field-observed AGB and Landsat-derived reflectance, BT, and vegetation indices. A basin-wide boreal forest AGB map at 30 m resolution was generated by applying the regression model to the Landsat composite. The fivefold cross-validation with field measurements had a mean absolute error (MAE) of 25.7 Mg ha−1 (relative MAE 47.5%) and a mean bias error (MBE) of 4.3 Mg ha−1(relative MBE 7.9%). The boreal forest AGB product was compared with lidar-based vegetation height data; the comparison indicated that there was a significant correlation between the two data sets.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2015.1004764","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Brown, D.R., Peterson, B.E., Alexander, H.D., Mack, M., Rover, J.R., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W., Chen, X., and Pastick, N.J., 2015, Spatially explicit estimation of aboveground boreal forest biomass in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 36, no. 4, p. 939-953, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1004764.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045071","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.53125,\n 60.973107109199404\n ],\n [\n -158.466796875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -155.0390625,\n 63.11463763252091\n ],\n [\n -152.490234375,\n 63.704722429433225\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -151.435546875,\n 62.99515845212052\n ],\n [\n -150.556640625,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n -147.744140625,\n 62.63376960786813\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 62.3903694381427\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.22795717667785\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 69.06856318696033\n ],\n [\n -145.37109375,\n 69.47296854140573\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -157.763671875,\n 69.38031271734351\n ],\n [\n -157.763671875,\n 68.8159271333607\n ],\n [\n -159.873046875,\n 66.89559561140706\n ],\n [\n -160.6640625,\n 63.93737246791484\n ],\n [\n -164.61914062499997,\n 63.23362741232569\n ],\n [\n -166.2890625,\n 61.77312286453148\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 60.973107109199404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09d0e4b0c1efddaed145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":139587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Dana R. N.","contributorId":140386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R. 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In this paper, we report on the adaptation and application of a one-dimensional marsh surface elevation model, the Wetland Accretion Rate Model of Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER), to explore the conditions that lead to sustainable tidal freshwater marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We defined marsh accretion parameters to encapsulate the range of observed values over historic and modern time-scales based on measurements from four marshes in high and low energy fluvial environments as well as possible future trends in sediment supply and mean sea level. A sensitivity analysis of 450 simulations was conducted encompassing a range of eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. porosity values, initial elevations, organic and inorganic matter accumulation rates, and sea-level rise rates. For the range of inputs considered, the magnitude of SLR over the next century was the primary driver of marsh surface elevation change. Sediment supply was the secondary control. More than 84% of the scenarios resulted in sustainable marshes with 88 cm of SLR by 2100, but only 32% and 11% of the scenarios resulted in surviving marshes when SLR was increased to 133 cm and 179 cm, respectively. Marshes situated in high-energy zones were marginally more resilient than those in low-energy zones because of their higher inorganic sediment supply. Overall, the results from this modeling exercise suggest that marshes at the upstream reaches of the Delta—where SLR may be attenuated—and high energy marshes along major channels with high inorganic sediment accumulation rates will be more resilient to global SLR in excess of 88 cm over the next century than their downstream and low-energy counterparts. However, considerable uncertainties exist in the projected rates of sea-level rise and sediment avail-ability. In addition, more research is needed to constrain future rates of aboveground and belowground plant productivity under increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and flooding.

","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","usgsCitation":"Swanson, K.M., Drexler, J., Fuller, C.C., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Modeling tidal freshwater marsh sustainability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under a broad suite of potential future scenarios: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042916","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09c7e4b0c1efddaed13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Kathleen M. kathswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kathswan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34319,"text":"Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Port Aransas, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146874,"text":"70146874 - 2015 - Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:52:03","indexId":"70146874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus","docAbstract":"

Pacific walruses may be unable to meet caloric requirements in the changing Arctic ecosystem, which could affect body condition and have population-level consequences. Body condition has historically been monitored by measuring blubber thickness over the xiphoid process (sternum). This may be an unreliable condition index because blubber at other sites along the body may be preferentially targeted to balance energetic demands. Animals in aquaria provided an opportunity for controlled study of how blubber topography is altered by caloric intake. Morphology, body mass, blubber thickness (21 sites), and caloric intake of five mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating female walruses were measured monthly (12 month minimum). Body condition (mass × standard length−1) was described by a model that included caloric intake and a seasonal effect, and scaled positively with estimates of total blubber mass. Blubber thicknesses (1.91–10.69 cm) varied topographically and were similar to values reported for free-ranging female walruses. Body condition was most closely related to blubber thickness measured dorsomedially in the region of the anterior insertion of the pectoral flippers (shoulders); sternum blubber thickness was a relatively poor indicator of condition. This study demonstrates the importance of validating condition metrics before using them to monitor free-ranging populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mms.12186","usgsCitation":"Noren, S.R., Udevitz, M.S., Triggs, L., Paschke, J., Oland, L., and Jay, C.V., 2015, Identifying a reliable blubber measurement site to assess body condition in a marine mammal with topographically variable blubber, the Pacific walrus: Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 2, p. 658-676, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12186.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"676","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052012","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09bbe4b0c1efddaed137","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/mms.12186","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12186","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Noren Shawn R., Udevitz Mark S., Triggs Lisa, Paschke Jessa, Oland Lisa, Jay Chadwick V.","journalName":"Marine Mammal Science","publicationDate":"12/3/2014","auditedOn":"1/6/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noren, Shawn R.","contributorId":127697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noren","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triggs, Lisa","contributorId":140383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triggs","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paschke, Jessa","contributorId":140384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paschke","given":"Jessa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oland, Lisa","contributorId":140385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oland","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}