To evaluate the genetic diversity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), the sequence of the glycoprotein genes (G) of 11 North American and European isolates were determined. Comparison with the G protein of representative members of the family Rhabdoviridae suggested that VHSV was a different virus species from infectious haemorrhagic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV). At a higher taxonomic level, VHSV, IHNV and HIRRV formed a group which was genetically closest to the genus Lyssavirus. Compared with each other, the G genes of VHSV displayed a dissimilar overall genetic diversity which correlated with differences in geographical origin. The multiple sequence alignment of the complete G protein, showed that the divergent positions were not uniformly distributed along the sequence. A central region (amino acid position 245-300) accumulated substitutions and appeared to be highly variable. The genetic heterogeneity within a single isolate was high, with an apparent internal mutation frequency of 1.2 x 10(-3) per nucleotide site, attesting the quasispecies nature of the viral population. The phylogeny separated VHSV strains according to the major geographical area of isolation: genotype I for continental Europe, genotype II for the British Isles, and genotype III for North America. Isolates from continental Europe exhibited the highest genetic variability, with sub-groups correlated partially with the serological classification. Neither neutralizing polyclonal sera, nor monoclonal antibodies, were able to discriminate between the genotypes. The overall structure of the phylogenetic tree suggests that VHSV genetic diversity and evolution fit within the model of random change and positive selection operating on quasispecies.
","language":"English","publisher":" London Society for General Microbiology","doi":"10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837","usgsCitation":"Benmansour, A., Bascuro, B., Monnier, A., Vende, P., Winton, J., and de Kinkelin, P., 1997, Sequence variation of the glycoprotein gene identifies three distinct lineages within field isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus: Journal of General Virology, v. 78, no. 11, p. 2837-2846, https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2837","endPage":"2846","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2837","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a9f84de4b012c193aa3ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benmansour, A.","contributorId":107928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benmansour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bascuro, B.","contributorId":152602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bascuro","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnier, A.F.","contributorId":152603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monnier","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vende, P.","contributorId":152604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vende","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Kinkelin, P.","contributorId":152605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Kinkelin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70162534,"text":"70162534 - 1997 - The impact of grazing on plant fractal architecture and fitness of a mediterranean shrub (Anthyllis cytisoides L.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:29:13","indexId":"70162534","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The impact of grazing on plant fractal architecture and fitness of a mediterranean shrub (Anthyllis cytisoidesL.)","title":"The impact of grazing on plant fractal architecture and fitness of a mediterranean shrub (Anthyllis cytisoides L.)","docAbstract":"1. We examined natural grazing by livestock (sheep and goats) on Albaida Anthyllis cytisoides L. with the aim of determining whether variation in the allometric relationships between plant parts provides a sensitive indicator of the impact of grazing.
2. The intra-individual variation in translatory symmetry with scale and increased complexity of fractal structures reflect environmental disturbance under heavy grazing pressure and lack of grazing.
3. Fitness consequences of grazing were also investigated. Grazing promotes growth and adult survival, and a drop in seed production as a consequence of consumption. In spite of that, total inclusive fitness (population rate of change) tends to increase with grazing.
4. Moderate grazing, while promoting growth, also enhances stability of vegetative structures. The favourable effect of moderate levels of herbivory on A. cytisoides is reflected in the homeostatic maintenance of its translatory symmetry and in the increased complexity of its fractal structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific Publications","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00068.x","usgsCitation":"Escos, J., Alados, C., and Emlen, J., 1997, The impact of grazing on plant fractal architecture and fitness of a mediterranean shrub (Anthyllis cytisoides L.): Functional Ecology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 66-78, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00068.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Almería","otherGeospatial":"Filabres Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-9.03482,41.88057],[-8.98443,42.59278],[-9.39288,43.02662],[-7.97819,43.74834],[-6.75449,43.56791],[-5.41189,43.57424],[-4.34784,43.40345],[-3.51753,43.4559],[-1.90135,43.4228],[-1.50277,43.03401],[0.33805,42.57955],[0.70159,42.79573],[1.82679,42.34338],[2.986,42.47302],[3.03948,41.89212],[2.09184,41.22609],[0.81052,41.01473],[0.72133,40.67832],[0.10669,40.12393],[-0.27871,39.30998],[0.11129,38.73851],[-0.46712,38.29237],[-0.68339,37.64235],[-1.43838,37.44306],[-2.14645,36.67414],[-3.41578,36.6589],[-4.3689,36.67784],[-4.99522,36.32471],[-5.37716,35.94685],[-5.86643,36.02982],[-6.23669,36.36768],[-6.52019,36.94291],[-7.45373,37.09779],[-7.53711,37.4289],[-7.16651,37.80389],[-7.02928,38.07576],[-7.37409,38.37306],[-7.09804,39.03007],[-7.49863,39.62957],[-7.06659,39.71189],[-7.02641,40.18452],[-6.86402,40.33087],[-6.85113,41.11108],[-6.38909,41.38182],[-6.66861,41.88339],[-7.25131,41.91835],[-7.42251,41.79207],[-8.01317,41.79089],[-8.26386,42.28047],[-8.67195,42.13469],[-9.03482,41.88057]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Spain\"}}]}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a8a6cfe4b0b28f1184dc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175268,"text":"70175268 - 1997 - Diagnosing the flood of 1997 in San Francisco Bay with observations and model results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T15:17:21.053624","indexId":"70175268","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-06T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnosing the flood of 1997 in San Francisco Bay with observations and model results","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., Cayan, D., Uncles, R.J., Ingram, L., and Peterson, D., 1997, Diagnosing the flood of 1997 in San Francisco Bay with observations and model results: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, p. 28-31.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 38.05674222065296\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 38.05674222065296\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 37.309014074275915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bde4b006cb45558a51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel","contributorId":17752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uncles, Reginald J.","contributorId":94919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uncles","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingram, Lynn","contributorId":173430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingram","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Dave","contributorId":167110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157486,"text":"70157486 - 1997 - Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to lakes Michigan and Superior—high flow and long-term average","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:33:54","indexId":"70157486","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T06:30:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to lakes Michigan and Superior—high flow and long-term average","docAbstract":"Daily loads of suspended sediment and total phosphorus for the 10-year, 1-day design high flow and average of the 16-year period (1975 to 1990) were computed for 18 well-monitored tributaries to Lake Michigan and Lake Superior by use of constituent-transport models. The loads from these 18 reference tributaries were used to estimate the loads from all the United States tributaries (with drainage basins greater than 325 km2) to Lake Michigan and Lake Superior by selection of a reference tributary with the most similar physical characteristics and use of a unit-area yield. Statistical comparisons between computed yields and environmental factors were used to determine the physical characteristics that were most influential in selecting a reference tributary. Suspended sediment yields were affected primarily by river gradient and secondarily by the texture of surficial deposits, whereas total phosphorus yields were affected primarily by the texture of surficial deposits and secondarily by river gradient. Average total phosphorus loads were greatest in rivers entering the middle to southern part of Lake Michigan, especially those draining clayey surficial deposits in agricultural areas. During high flow, loads of phosphorus and suspended sediment from tributaries entering the southwestern part of Lake Superior dominate the total input of these constituents because of the steep gradients of the rivers and the clayey surficial deposits that they drain. These loads were used to compute regional loads and to rank the tributaries on the basis of their respective loads during a specified high flow and over extended periods.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70923-7","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to lakes Michigan and Superior—high flow and long-term average: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 416-439, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(97)70923-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 48.531157010976706\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 47.76886840424207\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -88.22021484375,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -85.341796875,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -84.638671875,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -84.44091796875,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 47.05515408550348\n ],\n [\n -84.61669921875,\n 47.97521412341618\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 48.879167148960214\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ee3e4b058f706e51314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039140,"text":"70039140 - 1997 - Proceedings of the third biennial conference of research on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-22T16:21:27","indexId":"70039140","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":50,"text":"NPS/NRNAU/NRTP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"97-12","title":"Proceedings of the third biennial conference of research on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"The papers in this volume are contributions from federal, state, and private sector researchers, who have come together to share scientific information with land managers on the Colorado Plateau. This Proceedings is the third in a series of publications that focuses on providing information to land managers on baseline scientific information pertaining to physical, cultural and biological resources of the Colorado Plateau. Support for these studies came from a spectrum of federal, state, and private partners concerned about the well-being of the Plateau's resources. I applaud the effort of the contributors. With modest funding and a broad base of public and institutional support, these authors have pursued important lines of work in the four states that comprise the Colorado Plateau biogeographic region.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Deshler, E.T., 1997, Proceedings of the third biennial conference of research on the Colorado Plateau: NPS/NRNAU/NRTP 97-12, xv, 256 p. .","productDescription":"xv, 256 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":190,"text":"Colorado Plateau Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -107.457275390625,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -106.776123046875,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -105.732421875,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -105.88623046874999,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -106.468505859375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -107.369384765625,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -108.5888671875,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -110.56640625,\n 40.73893324113601\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 40.622291783092706\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -114.202880859375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 35.46961797120201\n ],\n [\n -112.03857421875,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -109.017333984375,\n 34.279914398549934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8d7ce4b0c8380cd7ec54","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509029,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Deshler, Elena T.","contributorId":24624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deshler","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223274,"text":"5223274 - 1997 - Evaluation of a mallard HSI model for the Lower Mississippi Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T14:56:25","indexId":"5223274","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a mallard HSI model for the Lower Mississippi Valley","docAbstract":"We evaluated a habitat suitability (HSI) model developed for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) wintering in the Lower Mississippi Valley by comparing mallard densities obtained from aerial surveys with habitat suitability indices derived from satellite imagery for 25, 256km2 sampling units. Regression models that related mallard densities to habitat suitability indices accounted for only 29% of the variability in the data and the 95% confidence interval of predicted mallard densities included zero for most habitat suitability indices evaluated. Thus, we conclude that the published HSI model is a poor predictor of wintering mallard density in the Lower Mississippi Valley. We suggest model revision to allow users to remotely obtain model inputs for habitat characteristics at landscape scales. Further, we suggest the model be revised to consider yearly variation in habitat and flood conditions that better reflect the ability of an area to support wintering mallards.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fifty-first Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-first Annual Conference: Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","conferenceDate":"October 4-8, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., Brown, M.W., and Nassar, J.R., 1997, Evaluation of a mallard HSI model for the Lower Mississippi Valley: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 51, p. 319-328.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.483154296875,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -91.483154296875,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -91.483154296875,\n 32.704111144407406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Michael W.","contributorId":17712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nassar, James R.","contributorId":55918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223299,"text":"5223299 - 1997 - Conservation of Mexican wetlands: role of the North American Wetlands Conservation Act","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223299","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of Mexican wetlands: role of the North American Wetlands Conservation Act","docAbstract":"Mexico's wetlands support a tremendous biological diversity and provide significant natural resource benefits to local communities. Because they are also critical stopover and wintering grounds for much of North America's waterfowl and other migratory birds, Mexico has become an important participant in continental efforts to conserve these resources through the North American Wetlands Conservation Act. Funding from the Act has supported partnerships in a number of Mexico's priority wetlands to conduct data analyses and dissemination, mapping, environmental education, wetland restoration, development of sustainable economic alternatives for local people, and reserve planning and management. These partnerships, with the close involvement of Mexico's Federal Government authority, the Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, have advanced conservation in a uniquely Mexican model that differs from that employed in the United States and Canada. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M., and Ryan, D., 1997, Conservation of Mexican wetlands: role of the North American Wetlands Conservation Act: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 25, no. 1, p. 57-64.","productDescription":"57-64","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17046,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783282","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M.H.","contributorId":17713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, D.A.","contributorId":10512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223379,"text":"5223379 - 1997 - Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223379","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent","docAbstract":"Ecology has long been troubled by the controversy over how populations are regulated. Some ecologists focus on the role of environmental effects, whereas others argue that density-dependent feedback mechanisms are central. The relative importance of both processes is still hotly debated, but clear examples of both processes acting in the same population are rare. Keyfactor analysis (regression of population changes on possible causal factors) and time-series analysis are often used to investigate the presence of density dependence, but such approaches may be biased and provide no information on actual demographic rates. Here we report on both density-dependent and density-independent effects in a murid rodent pest species, the multimammate rat Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834), using statistical capture-recapture models. Both effects occur simultaneously, but we also demonstrate that they do not affect all demographic rates in the same way. We have incorporated the obtained estimates of demographic rates in a population dynamics model and show that the observed dynamics are affected by stabilizing nonlinear density-dependent components coupled with strong deterministic and stochastic seasonal components.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/38271","collaboration":"5104_Leirs.pdf","usgsCitation":"Leirs, H., Stenseth, N.C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Verhagen, R., and Verheyen, W., 1997, Stochastic seasonality and nonlinear density-dependent factors regulate population size in an African rodent: Nature, v. 389, no. 6647, p. 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1038/38271.","productDescription":"176-180","startPage":"176","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16054,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38271","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"389","issue":"6647","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leirs, H.","contributorId":86078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leirs","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stenseth, N. C.","contributorId":7798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stenseth","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verhagen, R.","contributorId":14548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verhagen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verheyen, W.","contributorId":101778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223323,"text":"5223323 - 1997 - Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:03:03.982501","indexId":"5223323","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients","docAbstract":"The presence of transient animals, common enough in natural populations, invalidates the estimation of survival by traditional capture- recapture (CR) models designed for the study of residents only. Also, the study of transit is interesting in itself. We thus develop here a class of CR models to describe the presence of transients. In order to assess the merits of this approach we examme the bias of the traditional survival estimators in the presence of transients in relation to the power of different tests for detecting transients. We also compare the relative efficiency of an ad hoc approach to dealing with transients that leaves out the first observation of each animal. We then study a real example using lazuli bunting (Passerina amoena) and, in conclusion, discuss the design of an experiment aiming at the estimation of transience. In practice, the presence of transients is easily detected whenever the risk of bias is high. The ad hoc approach, which yields unbiased estimates for residents only, is satisfactory in a time-dependent context but poorly efficient when parameters are constant. The example shows that intermediate situations between strict 'residence' and strict 'transience' may exist in certain studies. Yet, most of the time, if the study design takes into account the expected length of stay of a transient, it should be possible to efficiently separate the two categories of animals.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2533097","usgsCitation":"Pradel, R., Hines, J., Lebreton, J., and Nichols, J., 1997, Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients: Biometrics, v. 53, no. 1, p. 60-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/2533097.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5dde6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pradel, R.","contributorId":85692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pradel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223310,"text":"5223310 - 1997 - Estimation of population trajectories from count data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:06:22.691721","indexId":"5223310","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of population trajectories from count data","docAbstract":"Monitoring of changes in animal population size is rarely possible through complete censuses; frequently, the only feasible means of monitoring changes in population size is to use counts of animals obtained by skilled observers as indices to abundance. Analysis of changes in population size can be severely biased if factors related to the acquisition of data are not adequately controlled for. In particular we identify two types of observer effects: these correspond to baseline differences in observer competence, and to changes through time in the ability of individual observers. We present a family of models for count data in which the first of these observer effects is treated as a nuisance parameter. Conditioning on totals of negative binomial counts yields a Dirichlet compound multinomial vector for each observer. Quasi-likelihood is used to estimate parameters related to population trajectory and other parameters of interest; model selection is carried out on the basis of Akaike's information criterion. An example is presented using data on Wood thrush from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2533952","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1997, Estimation of population trajectories from count data: Biometrics, v. 53, no. 2, p. 488-497, https://doi.org/10.2307/2533952.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223362,"text":"5223362 - 1997 - Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:45:37","indexId":"5223362","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:58","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993","docAbstract":"We investigated the dynamics of a wintering population of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus) using data from a long-term capture-recapture study. Goodness-of-fit and likelihood-ratio tests indicated that the standard Jolly-Seber model was inadequate for the data, so we explored different parameterizations of a model in which survival probability for new captures differed from that of previously marked birds. One possible explanation for the lower local survival rate of new captures is that some of the birds were transients that had no chance of being recaptured. Average survival probability over the entire period was 0.62, and the estimated fraction of transients among unmarked birds was 0.27. We found evidence that chickadee survival rates were lower in years immediately following establishment of the Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) as a territorial species (after 1967) than during years immediately preceding this event. We found no evidence that chickadee survival rates were lower in the years immediately following establishment of territorial raptors (after 1984) than during preceding years. Evidence suggested a long-term decline in survival probability from 1959 to 1991.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089244","usgsCitation":"Loery, G., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1997, Capture-recapture analysis of a wintering black-capped chickadee population in Connecticut, 1958-1993: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 431-442, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089244.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"442","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479905,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loery, G.","contributorId":46182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loery","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020033,"text":"70020033 - 1997 - Numerical modeling of late Glacial Laurentide advance of ice across Hudson Strait: Insights into terrestrial and marine geology, mass balance, and calving flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T15:25:37.372679","indexId":"70020033","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of late Glacial Laurentide advance of ice across Hudson Strait: Insights into terrestrial and marine geology, mass balance, and calving flux","docAbstract":"A time-dependent finite element model was used to reconstruct the advance of ice from a late Glacial dome on northern Quebec/Labrador across Hudson Strait to Meta Incognita Peninsula (Baffin Island) and subsequently to the 9.9–9.6 ka 14C Gold Cove position on Hall Peninsula. Terrestrial geological and geophysical information from Quebec and Labrador was used to constrain initial and boundary conditions, and the model results are compared with terrestrial geological information from Baffin Island and considered in the context of the marine event DC-0 and the Younger Dryas cooling. We conclude that advance across Hudson Strait from Ungava Bay to Baffin Island is possible using realistic glacier physics under a variety of reasonable boundary conditions. Production of ice flux from a dome centered on northeastern Quebec and Labrador sufficient to deliver geologically inferred ice thickness at Gold Cove (Hall Peninsula) appears to require extensive penetration of sliding south from Ungava Bay. The discharge of ice into the ocean associated with advance and retreat across Hudson Strait does not peak at a time coincident with the start of the Younger Dryas and is less than minimum values proposed to influence North Atlantic thermohaline circulation; nevertheless, a significant fraction of freshwater input to the North Atlantic may have been provided abruptly and at a critical time by this event.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96PA03065","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Pfeffer, W., Dyurgerov, M., Kaplan, M., Dwyer, J., Sassolas, C., Jennings, A., Raup, B., and Manley, W., 1997, Numerical modeling of late Glacial Laurentide advance of ice across Hudson Strait: Insights into terrestrial and marine geology, mass balance, and calving flux: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA03065.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96pa03065","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228226,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.10732529483771,\n 65.12268666575966\n ],\n [\n -82.29452085088387,\n 64.0182565476916\n ],\n [\n -77.40330949066404,\n 62.83012025284815\n ],\n [\n -71.30954906345251,\n 61.31125664849764\n ],\n [\n -69.74332291742542,\n 60.87821356211869\n ],\n [\n -69.92494195568116,\n 59.45864195142954\n ],\n [\n -67.88288950551578,\n 58.23990861220199\n ],\n [\n -64.58556490805589,\n 59.36053170587536\n ],\n [\n -64.78435664623422,\n 61.52397686855085\n ],\n [\n -69.29434251266804,\n 62.890176507134385\n ],\n [\n -79.27521716064346,\n 65.68570270924388\n ],\n [\n -81.64646758994365,\n 65.75973048984149\n ],\n [\n -83.10732529483771,\n 65.12268666575966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68f8e4b0c8380cd73ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfeffer, W.T.","contributorId":14632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyurgerov, M.","contributorId":30407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyurgerov","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, M.","contributorId":24640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, J.","contributorId":74105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sassolas, C.","contributorId":78990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sassolas","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jennings, A.","contributorId":50414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raup, B.","contributorId":31589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raup","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manley, W.","contributorId":107569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019984,"text":"70019984 - 1997 - Biogenic sedimentation beneath the California Current system for the past 30 kyr and its paleoceanographic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T13:12:23.544581","indexId":"70019984","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogenic sedimentation beneath the California Current system for the past 30 kyr and its paleoceanographic significance","docAbstract":"A north-south transect of 17 cores was constructed along the eastern boundary of the California Current system from 33° to 42°N to investigate the changes in biogenic sedimentation over the past 30 kyr. Percentages and mass accumulation rates of CaCO3, Corg, and biogenic opal were assembled at 500 to 1000 years/sample to provide relatively high resolution. Time-space maps reveal a complex pattern of changes that do not follow a simple glacial-interglacial two-mode model. Biogenic sedimentation shows responses that are sometimes time-transgressive and sometimes coeval, and most of the responses show more consistency within a limited geographic area than any temporal consistency. Reconstructed conditions during late oxygen isotope stage 3 were more like early Holocene conditions than any other time during the last 30 kyr. Coastal upwelling and productivity during oxygen isotope stage 3 were relatively strong along the central California margin but were weak along the northern California margin. Precipitation increased during the last glacial interval in the central California region, and the waters of the southern California margin had relatively low productivity. Productivity on the southern Oregon margin was relatively low at the beginning of the last glacial interval, but by about 20 ka, productivity in this area significantly increased. This change suggests that the center of the divergence of the West Wind Drift shifted south at this time. The end of the last glacial interval was characterized by increased productivity in the southern California margin and increased upwelling along the central California margin but upwelling remained weak along the northern California margin. A sudden (<300 years) decrease in CaCO3, Corg, and biogenic opal occurred at 13 ka. The changes suggest a major reorientation of the atmospheric circulation in the North Pacific and western North America and the establishment of a strong seasonality in the central California region. A carbonate preservation event occurred at 10 ka that appears to reflect the uptake of CO2 by the terrestrial biosphere as the northern latitudes were reforested following retreat of the glaciers. The Holocene has been a period of relatively high productivity in the southern California margin, relatively strong coastal upwelling along the central California margin, relatively weak upwelling along the northern California margin, and the northward migration of the divergence zone of the West Wind Drift.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96PA03567","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Dean, W., and Dartnell, P., 1997, Biogenic sedimentation beneath the California Current system for the past 30 kyr and its paleoceanographic significance: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 207-225, https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA03567.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"225","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96pa03567","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14ee4b0c8380cd4ab98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210928,"text":"5210928 - 1997 - Evolution of lek social systems in manakins: alternative models and proofs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5210928","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evolution of lek social systems in manakins: alternative models and proofs","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anais V. Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"UNICAMP","publisherLocation":"Campinas, Brasil","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 1997, Evolution of lek social systems in manakins: alternative models and proofs, chap. of Anais V. Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia, p. 7-8.","startPage":"7","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f974b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210862,"text":"5210862 - 1997 - Ecotoxicology of aluminum to fish and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210862","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecotoxicology of aluminum to fish and wildlife","docAbstract":"The toxicity of aluminum has been studied extensively in fish, less so in invertebrates, amphibians, and birds, and not at all in reptiles and free-ranging mammals. For aquatic organisms, Al bioavailability and toxicity are intimately related to ambient pH; changes in ambient acidity may affect Al solubility, dissolved Al speciation, and organism sensitivity to Al. At moderate acidity (pH 5.5 to 7.0), fish and invertebrates may be stressed due to Al adsorption onto gill surfaces and subsequent asphyxiation. At pH 4.5 to 5.5, Al can impair ion regulation and augment the toxicity of H+. At lower pH, elevated Al can temporarily ameliorate the toxic effects of acidity by competing for binding sites with H+. Aluminum toxicity in aquatic environments is further affected by the concentration of ligands such as dissolved organic matter, fluoride, or sulfate, and of other cations such as Ca and Mg which compete for cellular binding sites. Although risk of Al toxicity is often based on a model of free-ion (Al3+) activity, recent evidence suggests that factors determining Al toxicity may be more complex. In general, aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive to Al toxicity and acidity than fish; thus acidified, Al-rich waters may actually reduce predation pressure. Fish may be affected by asphyxiation at moderate acidic conditions or electrolyte imbalances at lower pH. In amphibians, embryos and young larvae are typically more sensitive than older larvae. Early breeding amphibians, which lay eggs in ephemeral ponds and streams subject to spring runoff, are most at risk from Al and acidification; those that breed later in the year in lakes or rivers are least vulnerable. Birds and mammals are most likely exposed through dietary ingestion of soil or Al-contaminated foods. Concentrations > 1000 mg.kg-1 in food may be toxic to young birds and mammals. Clinical signs in these animals are consistent with rickets because Al precipitates with P in the gut. Suggestions for additional research on the ecotoxicology of Al to wild animals are provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Research Issues in Aluminum Toxicity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"Chapter 3 in book PDF on file: 5151_Sparling.pdf 280 kb","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Lowe, T., and Campbell, P., 1997, Ecotoxicology of aluminum to fish and wildlife, chap. of Research Issues in Aluminum Toxicity, p. 47-68.","productDescription":"xi, 256","startPage":"47","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258dc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Yokel, Robert A.","contributorId":112913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yokel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507225,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golub, Mari S.","contributorId":113968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golub","given":"Mari","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507226,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.G.C.","contributorId":31877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210899,"text":"5210899 - 1997 - A spatially-explicit modelling environment for evaluating deer management strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210899","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A spatially-explicit modelling environment for evaluating deer management strategies","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Risenhoover, K., Underwood, H., Yan, W., and Cooke, J., 1997, A spatially-explicit modelling environment for evaluating deer management strategies, chap. of The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management, p. 366-379.","productDescription":"xiv, 402","startPage":"366","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63af","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McShea, William J.","contributorId":112857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McShea","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507290,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, H. Brian 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":112421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":507289,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rappole, John H.","contributorId":112858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappole","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Risenhoover, K.L.","contributorId":27595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risenhoover","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yan, W.","contributorId":91971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooke, J.L.","contributorId":28714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210912,"text":"5210912 - 1997 - Modeling the population dynamics of Gulf Coast sandhill cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:31:24","indexId":"5210912","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling the population dynamics of Gulf Coast sandhill cranes","docAbstract":"The Midcontinental population of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) has a large geographic range, contains nearly 500,000 birds, and is hunted in much of its range. The population includes three subspecies; the numbers of two of these are uncertain, and they should be afforded protection from hunting that would be detrimental to their population. The two subspecies of concern tend to concentrate in the eastern part of the Great Plains during fall and spring and to winter along the Gulf Coast in Texas. This paper uses the limited information available about the Gulf Coast subpopulation in a model. We included in the model five input parameters: population size, annual survival rate in absence of hunting, the number of birds taken by hunters, the extent of additivity of hunting mortality, and recruitment rate, measured as the fraction of juveniles in the winter population. Using three widely ranging estimates of each parameter, we examined the general behavior of the simulated population. Realistic population projections occurred with medium (60,000) or large (166,000) population sizes, low (2000) or moderate (4000) harvests, and recruitment rates of 0.07 and 0.11. All values of survival in the absence of hunting and additivity of hunting yielded some realistic projections. Results of modelling suggest that the variables warranting closer monitoring are population size and recruitment rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh North American Crane Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North American Crane Working Group","publisherLocation":"Grand Island, Nebraska","collaboration":"January 10-13, 1996, Biloxi, Miss.","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Kendall, W., 1997, Modeling the population dynamics of Gulf Coast sandhill cranes, chap. of Proceedings of the seventh North American Crane Workshop, p. 173-180.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699781","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbanek, R.P.","contributorId":47891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507325,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stahlecker, D.W.","contributorId":95584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahlecker","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210767,"text":"5210767 - 1997 - Multispecies lottery competition: a diffusion analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210767","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Multispecies lottery competition: a diffusion analysis","docAbstract":"The lottery model is a stochastic competition model designed for space-limited communities of sedentary organisms. Examples of such communities include coral reef fishes, aquatic sessile organisms, and many plant communities. Explicit conditions for the coexistence of two species and the stationary distribution of the two-species model were determined previously using an approximation with a diffusion process. In this chapter, a diffusion approximation is presented for the multispecies model for communities of two or more species, and a stage-structured model is investigated. The stage-structured model would be more reasonable for communities of long-lived species such as trees in a forest in which recruitment and death rates depend on the age or stage of the individuals.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chapman & Hall","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J., and Chesson, P., 1997, Multispecies lottery competition: a diffusion analysis, chap. of Structured-Population Models in Marine, Terrestrial, and Freshwater Systems, p. 615-622.","productDescription":"xii, 643","startPage":"615","endPage":"622","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984ce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tuljapurkar, S.","contributorId":112561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuljapurkar","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507081,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caswell, H.","contributorId":103114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caswell","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507080,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesson, P.L.","contributorId":81218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesson","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210741,"text":"5210741 - 1997 - Evaluation of semen from nondomestic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T09:09:41","indexId":"5210741","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of semen from nondomestic birds","docAbstract":"Aspects of poultry Al technology are applicable to nondomestic birds. However, modifications in the methods of semen collection, evaluation, and insemination are often necessary to accommodate either the bird's size, sperm numbers, or. female anatomy. This section provides a brief overview of procedures used to evaluate semen from nondomestic birds. Unless specified, materials, reagents, etc., are identical to those used in evaluating poultry semen (see appropriate chapters).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques for Semen Evaluation, Semen Storage, and Fertility Determination","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Poultry Science Association, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Savoy, IL","collaboration":"OCLC 38860709; loose-leaf format.","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., 1997, Evaluation of semen from nondomestic birds, chap. of Techniques for Semen Evaluation, Semen Storage, and Fertility Determination, p. 68-71.","productDescription":"ix, 97","startPage":"68","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bakst, M.R.","contributorId":85291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakst","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507007,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, H.C.","contributorId":113721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507008,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85808,"text":"ofr97530A - 1997 - Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T11:17:49","indexId":"ofr97530A","displayToPublicDate":"2008-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-530","chapter":"A","title":"Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","docAbstract":"These reports are presented in response to a charge of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (EHRP) Program Council of the U.S. Geological Survey to 'define the future of the USGS National Strong-Motion Program (NSMP)' (Appendix A). The council requested that a 'Vision Paper' and an 'Options Document' be prepared. Each of these reports is a separate document. The 'Executive Summary' of both reports is presented here under separate cover. \r\n\r\nThe content of the reports and the executive summary is organized to the extent possible according to the main charges of the EHRP Program Council. Detailed evaluation of charges and questions posed by the Council with the benefit of modern GIS tools and the recent deliberations of three national workshops have yielded substantial new insight regarding the status of strong-motion measurement in the US. These reports are intended as an objective evaluation of the nation's need and capability to record the next major earthquake at locations of most significance for public safety.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97530A","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program, 1997, Executive summary of vision and options for the future of the US National Strong-Motion Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-530, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97530A.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-530/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f941a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","contributorId":128224,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Committee for the Future of the US National Strong-Motion Program","id":534969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69991,"text":"pp1421C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T17:03:35","indexId":"pp1421C","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1421","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas","docAbstract":"Two finite-element ground-water flow models were developed for the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas, to gain a better understanding of the flow system; one ground-water flow model was developed at a large scale to simulate the regional system and contiguous, hydraulically connected units, and one model was constructed at a smaller more detailed scale to simulate the most active areas of the system. The study area is divided into four geographic subareas: the Trans-Pecos (9,750 square miles), the Edwards Plateau (23,750 square miles), the Hill Country (5,500 square miles), and the Balcones fault zone (3,000 square miles). The major aquifers within the study area are the Edwards–Trinity aquifer underlying the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau, the Trinity aquifer underlying the Hill Country, and the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone. Hydraulically connected aquifers include the High Plains aquifer north of the Edwards Plateau, and the Cenozoic Pecos alluvium aquifer adjacent to both the Trans-Pecos and the Edwards Plateau along the Pecos River. Minor contiguous aquifers include the Dockum, Ellenburger– San Saba, Marble Falls, Hickory, and Lipan, which is adjacent to the Colorado River in Tom Green and Concho Counties, Texas.
\nThe ground-water flow equations solved by the finite-element method are based on conservation of mass and energy. The equation for ground-water flow assumes laminar flow through a porous media. In places, the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system is a fractured karst system in which ground water flows through caverns and other features of secondary porosity development. The regional and subregional models were constructed to synthesize the known hydrologic boundaries and geologic structures into a heterogeneous continuum model of the karst ground-water flow system, rather than simulate the flow through specific fractures and caverns. A heterogeneous continuum or equivalent porous media approach uses an effective transmissivity and anisotropy for each element of the models. The models are calibrated both on water levels (representing potential energy) and estimates of recharge and discharge (for a realistic mass balance).
\nA two-dimensional one-layer large-scale model (55,600 square miles) was developed for the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system and contiguous, hydraulically connected units, in westcentral Texas. A quasi-three-dimensional, multilayer more detailed scale ground-water flow model (12,300 square miles) was applied to the major aquifers of the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system in the Hill Country and the Balcones fault zone, and in part of the Edwards Plateau.
\nThe ground-water flow system in most of the study area within the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau can be approximated with a one-layer regional model under steady-state conditions. Regionally, the Edwards–Trinity aquifer system in the Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau has been relatively static. Potentiometric maps from predevelopment and postdevelopment (winter 1974–75) indicate small differences in water levels. In local areas in the Trans-Pecos (in Pecos and Reeves Counties), ground-water withdrawals have exceeded recharge resulting in more than 300 feet of drawdown. Measurable differences between the 1974 and predevelopment potentiometric surfaces have been observed in small areas in the Trans-Pecos and in the northwestern part of the Edwards Plateau. The largest water-level declines in the Trans-Pecos have been observed in Pecos and Reeves Counties, and declines greater than 300 feet have been measured in Reeves County.
\nComparison of pre- and postdevelopment water budgets for the regional model indicates that the increase in groundwater withdrawals has captured 20 percent of the water that would have naturally discharged to streams, and 30 percent of the natural discharge to springs after ground-water development. Induced recharge from streams to the ground-water system increased by 12 percent in the postdevelopment simulation compared to the predevelopment simulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1421C","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Ardis, A.F., 1997, Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Edwards-Trinity aquifer-system, west-central, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1421, Report: vii, 78 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1421C.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 78 p.; 4 Plates: 36.00 x 24.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"974.22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":266770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"504.10 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":266771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"430.53 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":266768,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":266769,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"318.97 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":188088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1421c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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32.14771106595571\n ],\n [\n -99.986572265625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -100.645751953125,\n 33.091541548655215\n ],\n [\n -101.6455078125,\n 33.53223722395908\n ],\n [\n -102.20581054687499,\n 33.669496972795535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":281647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":281646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019575,"text":"70019575 - 1997 - Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:13:45.127802","indexId":"70019575","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci","docAbstract":"Estimates of the effective number of breeding adults were derived for three semi-isolated populations of the common toad Bufo bufo based on temporal (i.e. adult-progeny) variance in allele frequency for three highly polymorphic minisatellite loci. Estimates of spatial variance in allele frequency among populations and of age-specific measures of genetic variability are also described. Each population was characterized by a low effective adult breeding number (Nb) based on a large age-specific variance in mini-satellite allele frequency. Estimates of Nb (range 21–46 for population means across three loci) were ≊ 55–230-fold lower than estimates of total adult census size. The implications of low effective breeding numbers for long-term maintenance of genetic variability and population viability are discussed relative to the species' reproductive ecology, current land-use practices, and present and historical habitat modification and loss. The utility of indirect measures of population parameters such as Nb and Ne based on time-series data of minisatellite allele frequencies is discussed relative to similar measures estimated from commonly used genetic markers such as protein allozymes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K., Arntzen, J., and Burke, T., 1997, Effective number of breeding adults in Bufo bufo estimated from age-specific variation at minisatellite loci: Molecular Ecology, v. 6, no. 8, p. 701-712, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00238.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"712","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Great Britain","otherGeospatial":"Leicestershire region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.80942650179185\n ],\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.455679592591935\n ],\n [\n -0.7028298810264744,\n 52.455679592591935\n ],\n [\n -0.7028298810264744,\n 52.80942650179185\n ],\n [\n -1.5468726997911233,\n 52.80942650179185\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0634e4b0c8380cd51153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arntzen, J.W.","contributorId":8242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arntzen","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, T.","contributorId":16362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22327,"text":"ofr9714 - 1997 - Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:15:28","indexId":"ofr9714","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-14","title":"Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9714","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E.R., and Hill, M.C., 1997, Advective-transport observation (ADV) package, a computer program for adding advective-transport observations of steady-state flow fields to the three-dimensional ground-water-flow parameter-estimation model MODFLOWP: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-14, vii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9714.","productDescription":"vii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, Evan R.","contributorId":95505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary Catherine","contributorId":53400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22123,"text":"ofr9716 - 1997 - Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:29:52.969733","indexId":"ofr9716","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-16","displayTitle":"Reworking of Aggraded Debris Fans by the 1996 Controlled Flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","title":"Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Debris flows from 600 tributaries in Grand Canyon periodically deposit poorly sorted sediment on debris fans along the Colorado River between Lakes Powell and Mead. Before regulation, stable fans and rapids along the river resulted from the interaction of tributary debris flows and large, mainstem floods. Floods in the Colorado River maintained fans and rapids as highly-reworked deposits of boulders and cobbles. After the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, decreases in stage and stream power associated with reduced annual peak flows drastically reduced the amount of debris-fan reworking. Previous research has shown that modest powerplant releases from Glen Canyon Dam, particularly in combination with tributary floods, can significantly rework aggraded debris fans. These limited flows have entrained boulders up to 1 mo in diameter, although discharges greatly exceeding the maximum powerplant release (946 m3/s) would be required to completely remove most aggraded fans.
From 1987 through 1995, debris flows constricted the Colorado River at the mouths of at least 25 tributary canyons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, creating 2 new rapids and narrowing at least 9 existing riffles or rapids. The highest peak discharge on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon between 1986 and 1996 was 960 m3/s in January 1993. In March-April 1996, we studied the effects of a 7-day flood release that peaked at 1,370 m3/s on 18 recently aggraded debris fans downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.
The largest changes occurred at Badger and Lava Falls rapids, 38 and 312 km downstream from the dam, respectively; several other aggraded debris fans were only slightly changed. Areas of aggraded debris fans decreased by 2 to 42 percent; only the debris fan at Bedrock Rapid, which is controlled by a large bedrock outcrop, increased in area owing to deposition of reworked sediment on the downstream margin. Volumes decreased on 7 of 9 debris fans by 3 to 34 percent. The distal margins of most recently aggraded debris fans became armored with a lag of cobbles and boulders, and the width of the reworked zone on most debris fans increased by 4 to 30 m. Constriction of the river decreased at 11 of 18 debris fans, although some rapids, such as Tanner Rapid, became slightly more constricted at low discharges owing to changes in stage-discharge relations. Velocities on the left and right sides of Lava Falls Rapid decreased by about half, but velocities increased in three other rapids (e.g., Badger Creek Rapid). Stream power per unit width decreased in 9 of 10 rapids because of decreases in water-surface fall and widening of the rapids. Changes in the sizes of upper pool sand bars were inconsistent, although separation bars downstream from the reworked debris fan generally increased in size.
The amount of stream power generated by the controlled flood greatly affected the variability of reworking among the 18 debris fans. For a given discharge, mainstem reworking is expected to vary with channel and debris-fan geometry, the initial particle-size distribution of the deposit, and distance from the dam. The elapsed time between debris flow and the controlled flood also was important because larger particles at older deposits became interlocked, imbricated, and (or) sutured together during smaller dam releases combined with tributary floods in January 1993 and August 1994. The effectiveness of future floods of similar magnitude in reworking debris fans will depend in part on the release history and extent of armoring in the period between the debris flow and the flood. If reworking of debris fans is a criterion for design of future controlled floods, our data support release of a higher peak discharge of shorter duration shortly after constricting debris flows occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9716","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., Griffiths, P.G., and Elliott, J.G., 1997, Reworking of aggraded debris fans by the 1996 controlled flood on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-16, ii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9716.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":187208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5126,"text":"fs09497 - 1997 - Predicting coastal flooding and wetland loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T09:07:03","indexId":"fs09497","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"094-97","title":"Predicting coastal flooding and wetland loss","docAbstract":"The southeastern coastal region encompasses vast areas of wetland habitat important to wildlife and other economically \nvaluable natural resources. Located on the interface between sea and land, these wetland habitats are affected by both sea-level \nrise and hurricanes, and possibly by hydroperiod associated with regional climatic shifts. Increased sea level is expected \nto accompany global warming because of higher sea temperatures and ice melt. To help determine the effects of sea-level \nrise on these wetlands, USGS scientists created computer models of coastal flooding and wetland loss.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs09497","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T.W., 1997, Predicting coastal flooding and wetland loss: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 094-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09497.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs09497.jpg"},{"id":285381,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0094-97/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico;St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.494476,29.850173 ], [ -84.494476,30.223475 ], [ -83.954773,30.223475 ], [ -83.954773,29.850173 ], [ -84.494476,29.850173 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}